Wiring in the bath, taking into account the special conditions in the room, is a source heightened danger for a person. High humidity at elevated temperatures can compromise the integrity of the insulation and cause electric shock to a person. In this regard, increased requirements are placed on electrical equipment.

When wiring is installed in a bathhouse or sauna, the Electrical Installation Rules, which contain special clauses governing work under these conditions, must be strictly observed. Any non-compliance with the rules can lead to very serious consequences.

Special conditions and requirements

The electrical wiring in the bath must be carried out taking into account the following requirements:

1. It is required to provide an independent circuit for inputting electricity from a distribution point with its own input machine and install its own ground loop.
2. The wires in the steam room must be operable at temperatures up to 160ºС.
3. It is recommended to use a hidden type of wiring. open type wiring is possible in a wooden bath, but on brickwork, the power grid must be hidden.
4. Cables should not come into contact with wood elements, so they are located in closed channels or run along a route of increased thermal resistance. To do this, heat-resistant plates made of porcelain or asbestos (more than 3 mm thick and with a protrusion beyond the device by at least 10 mm) should be placed down electrical consumers (sockets, switches). On log cabins, insulators are fixed along the log with a step of no more than 40 cm, and vertically with lines - at least 2 per wall.

Special requirements apply to electrical equipment:

1. Mandatory installation of an RCD in the input shield. For baths, an RCD of 5-10 mA should be used.
2. The sockets must be designed for a load of at least 16 A and have a splash-proof design (with covers) of a protection class of at least IP44.
3. All electrical equipment must be designed for use in rooms with high humidity. Devices not built into the heater should be placed outside the steam room.
4. Lighting equipment for steam rooms should have a waterproof lampshade and a ceramic cartridge; metal elements must be grounded.

Prohibited Measures

In order to ensure safety, when installing electrical wiring in baths, it is independently prohibited:

• twisting and other wire connections in the steam room;
• run an electric cable over the heater;
• it is not allowed to place wires in metal pipes, sleeves or use a cable in a metal sheath or screen, as well as conduct them through tin;
• plug-in sockets and junction boxes cannot be installed in the steam room and near heaters (they are installed in the dressing room or rest room).

Lighting electrics in the bath is subject to certain conditions. Luminaires must have a waterproof design with a supply voltage of 12-36 V (through an appropriate step-down transformer). The lamp is recommended with a power of no more than 60 watts. It is advisable to install side-type wall lamps with soft lighting. Optical fiber is considered the optimal source of safe light.

For safety reasons, a separate single-phase machine should be provided for every 2 lighting points.

Installation of electrical wiring in the bath

Required tool. When installing electrical wiring in the bath, you will need the following tool:

• electric drill;
• screwdriver;
• perforator;
• Bulgarian;
• a hammer;
• chisel;
• pliers;
• scissors;
• soldering iron;
• screwdriver;
• wrench;
• tester;
• roulette;
• megohmmeter;
• ammeter;
• voltmeter.

Installation of electrical wiring is carried out in stages: preparatory work; power supply and grounding installation; installation of an inlet shield; electrical wiring inside the bath; connection of lamps and switches; connection of sockets; connection of heaters.

Preparatory work

Twisting and other wire connections are prohibited for use in the steam room and sauna.

Wiring in the bath with your own hands should begin with familiarization with the Rules for the installation of electrical installations and drawing up an electrical wiring diagram. In order to draw up a diagram, it is necessary to determine the number and location of the fixtures; the required number and location of sockets, to calculate the power of all electrical equipment for the selection of machines. On the walls of the bath, outline the best way to place wires and cables.

According to the planned scheme, a strobe breaks into brick wall and openings in the places of installation of sockets, switches and junction boxes. A hole is drilled in the places where the cable runs from one room to another.

Power supply to the bath. There are two ways to supply electricity to the bath - underground cable laying and overhead line. If the main input shield in terms of power allows you to connect a bath, then the supply line is diverted from it.

Cabling. It is preferable to power the bath through a cable laid underground. For this, a VBbShv 4x10 cable is used, i.e. with copper conductors with a cross section of 10 sq. mm. For laying, a trench is dug with a depth of about 0.7 m, the bottom of which is covered with a layer of sand 10 cm thick. After laying, the cable is covered with earth. The cable is entered into the bath from the side of the recreation area or dressing room and is carried out inside a metal pipe.

Air line. An overhead line to power the bath with electricity will be cheaper. It is carried out using a carrier cable SIP-3 or SIP-4 with a core cross section of 16 sq. mm. The line is laid between the porcelain insulators on the roof of the house and the roof of the bathhouse. If the distance between the shield and the bath exceeds 25 m, then it is necessary to install an additional support in the form of a pole. The height of the track above the ground must be at least 3.5 m (above the carriageway - 6 m). Above the bath, the cable is fixed at a height of 2.7 m above the ground and is led inside through a metal pipe.

Figure 1. Scheme of the inlet shield of the bath.

Installation of the inlet shield. The next step in the installation of electrical wiring is the installation of an introductory shield. Figure 1 shows an approximate wiring diagram in such a shield (Fig. 1. Scheme of the bath inlet shield).

AT electrical panel there should be an electronic meter, RCD, introductory machine, linear automata and connecting blocks. The number of linear automata depends on the number of power points.

Installation of the shield wiring is carried out in the following order:

• a three-phase (two-phase is allowed) automatic machine of the VA type for a current of 40-63 A is fixed;
• the counter is connected;
• the RCD and its differential machine are connected;
• linear single-phase automatic machines of the VA type for 25 A are installed and connected;
• a ground wire is connected to the shield.

During installation, wires of type PV 1x1.5 s are used different color isolation; the ground wire is marked with a standard (yellow-green) coloring.

Cabling inside the bath

To make wiring in the bath is to run wires (cables) from the shield to the junction box and from the box to the electrical appliance. Inside the dressing room and recreation area, wiring is carried out with wire PV2x1.5, APV2x2.5, NYM or cable VVG 2x1.5 or 3x1.5. In the steam room, it is necessary to use a heat-resistant cable or wire of the PMKT, PRKA, RKGM, PRKS, Silflex type with a core cross section of 1.5 sq. mm, and for a heater - 2.5 sq. mm.

Before entering the wire into the steam room, a 220/24 or 220/36 V transformer with a power of 0.25 kW is installed. When wiring, the cable or wire is placed in a strobe (hidden wiring) and covered with plaster or placed in a plastic cable duct or corrugated hose. Switches of lamps located in the steam room are taken out to neighboring rooms.

Completion of installation

After laying the cable, lamps, switches and sockets are connected to the corresponding machines. All enclosures must be grounded. Before turning on the electricity, it is recommended to carry out the following measures: measurement of cable insulation resistance; checking the introductory machine with a disconnected line; zero-phase loop measurement; checking the ground circuit; RCD check.

If positive results are obtained, electricity can be supplied.

Bath is a functional building with special conditions operation that requires a reliable and safe power supply. For this reason, the wiring in the bath is laid in accordance with the basic requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules designed for wet rooms. Any violation of the established norms can have sad consequences for the owner of the building.

Electrical safety requirements

Installation of electrical wiring in the bath must be carried out in compliance with the following safety requirements:

1. Organization of a power supply circuit from a distribution unit with an introductory machine and installation of an individual ground loop. All protective devices are installed in the electrical panel.
2. Use of indoor wires capable of withstanding heating temperatures up to 165 degrees.
3. The organization of wiring in the steam room of a brick and cinder block bath is carried out in a closed way. An open laying method is possible in a wooden structure.
4. The installation scheme should provide for the mandatory use of protective electrical equipment - automatic devices and RCDs from 5 to 10 mA.
5. The wires are connected using terminal blocks.
6. Electrical cables require additional insulation from wooden surfaces and elements. The optimal solution is a closed cable channel or a heat-resistant route.
7. All main electrical accessories are mounted outside the steam room and washing room. In the bath, it is allowed to use sockets, switches and dimmers with a maximum load of up to 16A in a splash-proof housing with protection class IP44.
8. Wiring in the steam room should not pass over the heating equipment.
9. Lighting fixtures must have a protective housing and ceramic cartridges, auxiliary metal elements require additional grounding.

The scheme of wiring electricity in the bath

You can prepare a working electrical circuit in the bath yourself, taking into account the total number and power of energy consumers, as well as the type of connection - single-phase or three-phase.

• Connection to one phase provides for the presence of two wires to the input: phase - the supply of electricity to end consumers - appliances, equipment and electrical accessories; zero - current return. The maximum allowable power threshold is 15 kW.
• Three-phase connection: four wires at the input - three per phase and zero. The electricity supply chain is similar to the previous scheme. The maximum allowable power is 43 kW.

As a rule, for a standard bath is used single-phase connection, three-phase is relevant if powerful electrical appliances and equipment are installed in the premises.

Schematically, it is better to determine the installation locations and the number of electrical appliances, calculate the maximum load on the wiring, select the type and number of wires, and also take into account other technical parameters.

When organizing electrical wiring in a private bath, it is important to remember that the main equipment for a bath uses a voltage in the range from 12 to 36 volts. To ensure the safe supply and distribution of electricity, it is recommended to install a step down transformer.

The finished project for the electrification of the bath must contain data on the installation sites protective devices- difavtomatov and RCD.

The choice of wires and electrical appliances for the bath

When choosing wires for electrical wiring, the size of the section and the material of the conductive core should be taken into account.

Important! In the bath, it is allowed to install wires only with copper conductors.

Steam room and washing

For these rooms, cables or wires are designed, the insulation of which is able to withstand the maximum heating temperature of up to 200 degrees. Only heat-resistant wire with a copper core can be used here:

• Stranded (flexible) - up to 185 degrees.
• Single and stranded (flexible) - up to 205 degrees.
• Imported (flexible) - up to 200 degrees.

Dressing room, dressing room, lounge

In other functional areas of the bath, the use of non-combustible power cables VVGng is allowed.

Important! For the organization of internal wiring in bath rooms, universal flat wires (PUNP) are not used, which can be the main cause of a fire hazard.

When choosing automatic devices for protection against voltage surges in the network, first of all, it is worth determining their operating power. The main machine must have maximum power, for auxiliary devices, this figure is significantly reduced.

To set the limit value of the machine for disconnecting from the network, the current strength in the circuit and in its specific section is taken into account. For example, if the current strength in the circuit section is 18A, then the maximum allowable threshold of the main machine is 20A.

No less important for the protection of electrical appliances is the device protective shutdown(RCD). According to the PUE, the RCD threshold should be from 25 to 30 mA.

Methods for conducting electricity in the bath

In order to conduct electricity to the bath building, it is necessary to ensure its delivery from the central shield through the incoming power cable. You can lay the cable to the bath in one of two ways: underground and by air.

Underground installation method

The safest and most labor-intensive way of laying power cables, requiring preliminary preparation of an earthen trench - from the source of electricity to the bath.

For underground input, a VBBSHV cable with copper conductive conductors with a cross section of 10 to 16 square meters is used. mm. It has increased strength, safety and durability. Protection against mechanical damage and biological impact is provided by heat-resistant insulation and steel braid.

For underground cable laying polypropylene pipes, resistant to corrosion and freezing, metal pipes can be used when installing the cable on poles or wall structures with a height of no more than 180 cm.

The underground cable laying technology is as follows:

1. Preparation of an earth trench up to 70 cm deep. Backfilling of the bottom (10 cm) with a sand layer. Cable laying and re-filling with sand.
2. The introduction of the cable into the building through a metal inlet sleeve, which is used to protect against damage to the insulation during shrinkage of the walls of the bath.
3. The cable is stripped of insulation before connecting to the machine in the input shield. Next, grounding and lightning protection are performed.

Important! Wave-like laying of the cable in the trench will prevent its mechanical damage as a result of soil movements or shrinkage of the building.

Air mounting method

Air installation is more affordable and cheaper in terms of labor and financial costs, but at the same time it is characterized by fragility due to susceptibility to damage and deformation.

If you need to connect the wire from the house to the bath, then you need to correctly calculate the maximum allowable distance between objects. With a significant distance of buildings from each other air gasket is irrational, since the risk of cable damage increases under adverse climatic conditions.

It is also important to observe the regulated cable laying height: above the road - at a height of up to 6 meters, above the paths for pedestrians - up to 3.5 meters, on the site - up to 2.75 meters.

If the distance between the buildings does not exceed 21 meters, then the cable is entered by air according to the scheme:

1. Entrance holes are made in the walls in accordance with the diameter of the cable. Plastic or metal adapters are mounted in the holes to protect the cable from damage.
2. Brackets are installed near the holes for fixing the insulators.
3. A metal cable is stretched between the insulators.
4. A cable is fixed to the cable with plastic clamps, after which it is inserted into the holes and connected in the shield to the introductory machine.

All cable entry points through the walls are carefully sealed, and the space in the adapters is filled with foam or mineral wool. The metal cable should have a slight amount of slack to ensure that the cable is securely fixed.

The best option for air laying is insulated self-supporting heat-resistant wire (SIP).

Step-by-step instructions for installing internal wiring

Wiring in the bath and steam room will be powered from the input switchboard. The main thing in this matter is to comply with the installation technology and requirements in accordance with the PUE.

Internal wiring

To properly wire indoor wiring, use general scheme bath electrification.

When wiring the cable, the following requirements must be observed:

1. From the shield, the cable is led in a single piece.
2. On the wooden surfaces wiring is laid in an open way, the so-called. retro wiring. As insulation, the use of plastic and metal pipes is prohibited.
3. On brick and cinder block surfaces, wiring is carried out in a hidden way with a plaster layer.
4. The wires are fixed in horizontal and vertical lines, without bending or twisting.
5. Wires should not be located opposite entrance doors, heating equipment and electrical appliances.
6. To connect the conductive cores, a welding or soldering connection is used.

Connecting electrical accessories

Sauna and bath - buildings with special temperature conditions, therefore, sockets and switches are optimally located in the dressing room, rest room and locker room at a height of up to 95 cm from the floor level.

The use of electrical accessories and mounting boxes in wet rooms is prohibited. This is due to the fact that over time, excess moisture condenses on the surface of the device and can cause a short circuit.

Features of mounting the switchboard and calculations of workloads

All electrics in the bath are conducted from the input shield. When deciding on the place of its installation, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:

• Availability of free access to the switchboard.
• Ensuring sufficient lighting and regular ventilation in the room with a shield.
• Equipment of the shield with an introductory circuit breaker, RCD and outgoing circuit breakers for each energy consumer.

To calculate the power of the introductory machine, it is necessary to take into account the maximum load that is created by electrical appliances, equipment and lighting devices installed in the bath. The total power of consumers is divided by the voltage indicator.

For example, the total power was 4000 VA, the mains voltage was 220V. The power of the input machine: 4000/220 \u003d 18.18 A. For maximum protection, you should choose a device with a small power reserve, for example, 20 A. The power for each outgoing machine is calculated in a similar way.

The choice of lighting equipment for the bath

To organize a safe and practical, it is recommended to use reliable lighting fixtures with an IP44 protection class.

High demands are placed on the lamps installed in the steam room and washing room. These are rooms with special operating conditions, which are characterized by high humidity and temperature changes. The best option for them is a waterproof lamp for wall mounting.

A good option for a steam room is fiber optic lighting equipment that is resistant to negative impacts and providing soft diffused light.

Since the main material for wall cladding is lining, it is recommended to use special built-in lamps that can be easily sewn into a wooden surface.

Important! According to the regulations, the body of the lamps can be metal, and the ceiling can be glass. Equipment with a plastic base is susceptible to overheating and deformation, therefore it is not suitable for a bath.

In other rooms of the bath, you can use halogen bulbs or LED lamps.

Features of connecting an electric furnace

The connection of the electric furnace is carried out using a three-phase machine and a starter on a magnetic basis. Circuit breaker provides protection against short circuits and voltage surges in the network, the starter - automatic control heating circuit.

You will also need heat-resistant cables of the PVKV, PMTK, PRKS, RKGM brands with copper conductors with a cross section of 3 × 2.5 mm, capable of withstanding loads up to 4 kW.

To connect the cable, a junction box is used, installed in the neutral zone, with subsequent entry into the switchboard. Thus, the electric oven is not connected to ordinary socket, but directly to the shield.

If the operating power of the furnace is less than 4 kW, then it is enough to organize a single-phase connection.

Common mistakes when organizing wiring

Often, novice masters make gross mistakes when electrifying a bath, which are associated with a violation of technical requirements or incorrect calculations.

Common Mistakes:

• Incorrect choice of the type of electrical wire and its incorrectly calculated cross section.
• Wrong choice of protective equipment - automatic machines and RCDs.
• Poor insulation of wires in fire hazardous areas.
• Violation of safety rules when laying electrical wiring.

Bath electrification is a complex and responsible process that requires a competent choice. Supplies, compliance with the technology and installation scheme, correct commissioning of the system. This is the key to a safe and comfortable stay in the bath throughout the entire period of operation.

Electrical wiring in the bath is carried out according to special rules - in accordance with the requirements of the PUE, which are specially designed for wet rooms, like a bath. The main rules are as follows: all fittings are located in the dressing room or rest room, there are no sockets in the washing room and steam room, and the shades for the lamps are placed completely sealed - special for high humidity.

A modern bath is not only a couple of lamps, but a much more functional and complex system. Which, of course, requires high-quality power supply. Those. in addition to standard lighting in the steam room today they are already equipping:

• Electric heater;
• Warm electric floor;
• Electrical temperature and humidity meters;
• Infrared heaters;
• Electric kettle and hair dryer;
• Mini fridge for beer;
• Plasma TV;
• SPA equipment;
• Internal lighting in the pool;
• Water heater;
• Washing machine;
• Pumping station;
• Heat gun for drying all rooms.

What is the danger of improper wiring in the bath? The fact is that steam is an excellent conductor of electricity. Therefore, sockets can only be installed in those rooms that are well protected from moisture - only there condensate will not penetrate into the socket and its conductive part. But plug sockets for a steam room are generally taboo.

The ideal option is to initially invite an intelligent, trusted specialist who will carry out all the calculations and install all the equipment himself. If this is not possible, you can figure everything out yourself, but it is important to fully study all the nuances. And then invite a specialist at least for a control screening, for which he will not charge much. The specialist must be given rough plan placement of bath sockets, switches and lamps - and what devices will be placed where. And pre-subtract the planned total capacity of all equipment that will be - so the electrician will determine the required cross-section for cables.

So, how to conduct electrical wiring in a bath - from theory to practice.

General provisions for proper electrification

So, how to make electrical wiring in the bath? Here's how: electricity is supplied to it from the main switchboard through a separate power line - and the bath has a separate protective ground loop. Moreover, they conduct wiring in the bath in those places where it will be least noticeable - but at a distance of at least one and a half meters from batteries and pipes. And not in the corners or opposite doors and passages. And there are a few rules here:

• The supply voltage must be carried out through the RCD and AB, as well as a step-down transformer for lighting the steam room and washing.
• The best cable with which electrical wiring can be carried out in baths is, according to experienced bath attendants, a VVGngLS 3x2.5 brand cable. It is copper, in a special sheath that does not spread combustion.

• Shield, general switch and junction boxes should be installed in the dressing room.
• To run the wires through the walls in the bath, you need to drill holes right in the center of the log and insert a ½ inch steel pipe there. The wiring itself in the bath can be done in metal, corrugated flexible and special plastic pipe. This will not light up even in the event of a fire in the wiring itself - it will only melt.

• If we are talking about a wooden bath, then all wiring should be exclusively open - but preferably, not along the baseboards, but through the attic. The connection of wires needs to be made terminal - and nothing else. And in no case should they be twisted - all cables must be only solid. But it should definitely be avoided when arranging electrical wiring in the bath, so this is a rubber and vinyl sheath of wires. Corrugated wire brand H07RN-F is well suited for a bath.

Wiring diagram in the bath: the main thing is safety!

By the way, the fact that all devices and the shield should be located only in a room ideally protected from moisture is dictated not only by fire safety - in conditions of high humidity, all this quickly fails due to corrosion. And even plastic products - after all, they still have metal parts inside. But as for the modern shower cabin, which is equipped with built-in water heating, you should not worry. Due to the fact that the manufacturer initially takes care of protection, it can also be installed in the washing room.

As for the lamps, their body should be metal, and the ceiling should be made of glass. It is advisable to install them only on the walls, because. all the heat goes under the ceiling, and the temperature there is not low.

So, the transformer to which the supply voltage must be supplied must be rated for 220 volts and installed in a completely dry place. Only 12 volts can be passed through the wall to the steam room and washing room - and there cannot be any sockets there. Although officially allowed by the requirements of the PUE (for dangerous rooms, like a bathhouse) in the steam room and a voltage of 42 volts - when 36 volt light bulbs are installed.

If it is planned to have a washing machine in the bath, then it will definitely need to be installed only in a dry room - as well as making an outlet for it there. A separate wire should be made into the heating tank - this is important.

Around the bath itself, it is highly desirable to lay a ground loop, and in the shield - to install a differential machine or an RCD with a leakage of no more than 30 mA. If for some reason all this cannot be done in your steam room, then the T-220/12 must be installed in the dressing room shield.

Both the RCD and the machines should end up in a waterproof box.

If you need to install sensors to the heater, then only low-voltage ones, at a distance of 1 meter from the floor - and on the wall farthest from the heater. The control panel for them must be fixed unambiguously outside the steam room. The electric heater itself, by the way, is always installed without sockets - with a direct cable to the shield that hangs outside the steam room.

Wires in the steam room and analysis of the main mistakes

And now about the most subtle - the most complex electrical wiring in the bath, namely, in the steam room. The most important rule is that it should not be closer than 0.8 m from the chimney and the heater.

In the shower and steam room, you need to install fixtures with a degree of protection of IP44 and higher. And the safest option is 12-volt halogen bulbs. But for a steam room and a furnace, it is better to take a particularly heat-resistant wire that can withstand heating up to 180˚ - brand SILFLEX Sif S = 0.25-185 sq. mm, single-core, with silicone insulation.

For the purpose of safety, many attendants organize the lighting of the steam room from below - closer to the cool floor. This is most often a spotlight that can be placed under the shelves, making the lighting design mysterious and unusual. Moreover, the wiring itself to it must be made with a special heat-resistant wire in metal pipe.

An important point: like any equipment, bath electrics must be audited at least once every four years - this is the guarantor of safety. And for reference: aluminum wiring has a shelf life of 15 years, copper wiring - 20, and therefore after this period it must be replaced - if we are talking about an ordinary house, and in a bath it does work in a rather aggressive environment.

Another important nuance: if you hire professional electricians, it is still advisable to understand at least some of the intricacies of electrical wiring in the bath. After all, it is known that today there are many who pretend to be specialists, and if their favorite steam room burns down, they will not be found with fire.

This is how the electrical wiring of the bath is done with your own hands - it’s difficult, but everything is real. And having figured it out, everything can be done much better and safer than hiring a team of local "electricians" with experience.

A modern bath is a complex and functional system that requires the provision of electricity. The steam room is often equipped with an electric heater, a heated floor system, a pumping station and other devices. Steam is an excellent conductor of electricity. Accordingly, sockets can only be placed in technical rooms that are protected from moisture. Only in such places, condensate will not be able to get conductive elements.

General provisions for electrical wiring

Video: what cable to use for electrical wiring in the bath

How to do the wiring with your own hands

Before wiring, you will need to draw up wiring diagram steam room. The cable is laid horizontally or vertically. It must not be bent or twisted.

How to draw up a wiring diagram in a steam room

The following elements are usually indicated on the wiring diagram in the steam room:

According to this principle, you can create a diagram yourself, you just need to note all the details and their exact location. It is also desirable to indicate the marking and ratings of all devices used.

It will be more convenient to make installation if the marking and ratings of the cable and automatic shutdown devices are applied to the circuit

How to calculate the required cross section

It will be necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of the cores, so that in the future the wiring in the steam room can withstand maximum loads.

The calculation technology will be considered with an example. Let's assume that:

• in the steam room there are 5 lighting fixtures of 100 W each, a stove-heater, a washing machine and an electric heater;
• the average power of the stove is 4 kW, washing machines - 2 kW;
• the electric heater consumes 2 kW.

As a result, we get 8.5 kW of usable power from all electrical devices. To this figure should be added a reserve power margin of 20%. The result is 10.2 kW.

To determine the current value, according to which it will be possible to select the required section, you will need to divide the total power by the mains voltage: 10200 / 220 = 46 A. The cable cross-sectional area is selected according to a special table.

Table: cross-section of a copper cable depending on the current strength (at a voltage of 220 V)

Accordingly, for the room under consideration, an electric cable with a cross section of 6 mm² is suitable.

If a single-phase connection is made, this wiring will be able to withstand a power of approximately 14 kW. If it is planned to three-phase connection, then the power indicator will increase to 42 kW. For an ordinary steam room, this power will be enough.

By analogy, the calculation of the device for backup shutdown is performed. However, in this case, it will be necessary to use the power of not all structures, but the desired circuit. For example, it can be lighting fixtures or a stove.

How to choose accessories for wiring

It is important to choose the right fittings and other parts that will be needed to complete the wiring in the steam room.

For each room, a layout of sockets, switches, junction boxes and lamps is drawn up

For sockets and switches, it is recommended to use electrical VVG cable ng or NYM. The minimum section for the socket will be 2.5 mm², for the switch - 1.5 mm². For sockets and devices for switching off, the level of protection must comply with existing requirements: the housing must be sealed and additionally covered with a lid.

For wiring in the steam room, preference should be given to cables with copper cores, as they are capable of passing large currents. In addition, they are less exposed to mechanical damage.

Video: do-it-yourself wiring in the bath

Wiring Precautions

Video: types of bath lamps

Methods for installing wiring in a steam room

First of all, the electrical wiring must be brought from the shield on the street to the structure in the bath. Cable laying from the street can be done over the air or underground. To determine the appropriate method, you should learn about the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

How to install an electrical panel

From the introductory shield, the entire power system of the steam room is powered. You will need to choose the most suitable place for the installation of the structure. It is important to adhere to the following rules:

1. The electrical panel must always be accessible.
2. The place should be regularly ventilated.
3. It is not allowed to place the shield in a fire hazardous room.
4. The device must be placed in a room with lighting.

Most often, the shield is mounted in a recreation area. It consists of a structure for automatic shutdown, an incoming and outgoing automaton. The upper part of the device should be located at a distance of 1.5–2 m from the floor.

If the wiring is single-phase, you will need to use a three-wire cable for power.

The wires for input and output to the load must be carefully laid in the electrical panel, and then removed from it through corrugated tubes. RCDs and circuit breakers should be installed taking into account the level of load on the electrical cable. It is important to ensure that the wires in the terminal holders are securely fastened, otherwise it will not be possible to avoid overheating of the section due to poor fixation.

The sequence of steps for installing electrical wiring in different ways

If the underground wiring method is selected, then the sequence of actions will be as follows:

1. First of all, a hole is dug at least 0.7 m deep, on the bottom of which sand is poured with a layer of approximately 10 cm.
2. Next, wires are laid and covered with a thin layer of sand. The cable should be placed in the trench in a wave-like manner, tension should be eliminated.

   The cable is laid in a trench with a depth of at least 70 cm, at the bottom of which sand is poured

3. The cable is introduced into the building through a steel sleeve. It is needed to protect the wire when the wood wall shrinks.

   The power cable must be introduced into the building through metal sleeves

4. The electrical cable should be freed from the protective layer before entering the electrical panel.
5. The cable cores are connected to the machine.
6. Grounding and lightning protection are performed.

   If there is no ground loop on the site, it can be done by burying a triangular metal structure next to the building

Next, the installation of electrical wiring in all rooms. When leading the wire to the sockets, it is worth remembering that the cores are wound up at the bottom. When the cable is routed through all the rooms and connected to the fittings, you will need to connect the wiring to the switches.

The cable to each outlet must be fed from below

When wiring the electrical cable from the shield, the following points should be considered:

1. The wiring of the electrical cable to each point must be made in an inseparable piece.
2. If the walls are built of stone or brick, then the wiring may be hidden. In this case, it can be masked with a layer of dry mixture.
3. From junction boxes, you can lay the cable only at right angles.
4. Wires should be placed in an inconspicuous place.
5. The conductors of the wires are connected using terminal clamps. The use of twists is strictly prohibited.

The main mistakes that are made when installing electrical wiring in a bath

The wiring must be at least 0.8 m from the chimney structure and the heater. In the steam room and shower room, it is allowed to install lighting fixtures with protection class IP44 and higher. An excellent option is to use halogen lamps 12 V. The cable must be single-core, heat-resistant and heat-resistant up to 180 °C. The insulation must be silicone.

It is necessary to fasten the cable in increments of at least 40 cm, changing the direction of the laying should be carried out smoothly, without fractures

In most cases, when installing electrical wiring, inexperienced craftsmen make the following mistakes:

1. Installation of hidden wiring on combustible bases in plastic tubes. It is worth knowing that doing this is strictly prohibited.
2. Installation of electrical wiring in a metal sleeve. This also cannot be done.
3. Installation of lighting fixtures in the upper part. For safety reasons, it is recommended to organize lighting in the lower part, next to the cool floor. Allowed use spot lighting which can be placed under the shelf. This will make it possible to make a mysterious and non-standard lighting design. It is mandatory to use a heat-resistant wire in a metal tube.

The electrical wiring for the steam room should be checked every 4 years. You should know that aluminum wiring has a service life of 15 years. Copper wiring will last 20 years. After this period, the wiring must be replaced.

In the bath, in most cases, low-voltage voltage is used, so it is recommended to use step-down transformers. They should be placed outside the steam room. Sockets can be installed exclusively on the walls in the dressing room or rest room. They must be placed at a height of 95 cm. It is recommended to use devices with protective caps.

To connect the stove, you will need wires that can withstand elevated temperatures and considerable power consumption. For this task, wiring in a cable channel is suitable. PMTK wires can be pulled to a junction box, which is located outside the high humidity area. From the box to the electrical panel, it will be possible to introduce a VVG cable with a cross section of 3x2.5 mm.

It is quite difficult to mount the wiring in the bath on your own. However, if there is a great desire, then it can be done without the involvement of third-party specialists. The only thing in which the help of the masters may be needed is the drawing up of a diagram. If you understand all the nuances, then everything can be done safer and better than hiring inexperienced craftsmen who pretend to be specialists.

Today, everyone can afford to have their own steam room on personal plot or cottage. But, in addition to the pleasant prospects provided by the bath, a number of questions arise about how the wiring in the bath is organized with your own hands. The main stumbling block in this matter is the high humidity and temperature in the room, which classify it as especially dangerous in accordance with clause 1.113 of the PUE.

Under such unfavorable conditions, electrical appliances and other items electrical network very quickly collapse and fail, and dielectric materials are covered with a layer of conductive moisture. Which creates a significant risk of electric shock in emergency situations. Therefore, in order to carry out electrical wiring and other electrical work in the bath in accordance with applicable standards, it is necessary to study the requirements of the PUE.

Requirements according to PUE 7

According to clause 2.1.4 of the Electrical Installation Code, electrical wiring can be installed in an open or hidden way. This division of wiring in the bath is relevant for various types walls, when it is possible to develop strobes or in the absence of such.

Due to the fact that some rooms are fire hazardous, and damp rooms contain a large amount of condensate, when laying wires in an open or hidden way, all lines must be protected from non-combustible material in accordance with clause 2.1.42 and from moisture, clause 2.1.43 of the PUE.

With open wiring, for example, along wooden walls the non-combustible lining underneath should protrude 10 mm to each side. It is also necessary to observe a gap of 10 mm from the wire to combustible materials in accordance with clause 2.1.37 of the PUE. For hidden wiring, a fireproof coating is located along the entire length in accordance with clause 2.1.38 of the PUE. But it is strictly forbidden to place wiring in a metal pipe or corrugation in accordance with the requirements of 7.1.40 PUE.

In order to maintain safety, all metal structures - housings of lamps, heating furnaces, household appliances, etc. must connect to protective earth in the wiring of the bath, the conductors have double insulation, the elements of the circuit are inaccessible. To protect a person from electric shock, an RCD must be installed in the electrical panel. These measures are subject to the requirements of clauses 1.7.50 and 1.7.51 of the PUE. It should be noted that when lighting fixtures and other devices are powered by low voltage in accordance with clause 1.7.53 of the EMP, it can be performed without arrangement.

What mains voltage to choose?

Due to the different need to provide the desired level of power, the wiring in the bath can power both lighting fixtures, and then in small rooms, and powerful equipment. Because of this, the type and level of voltage used differs:

• Single phase network e - is used at an average level of load on the wiring in the bath from 1 to 14 kW. In this case, the entire bath is powered by single-phase networks voltage 220 V.
• Three-phase network- used to load the wiring in the bath from 20 to 40 kW, when an electric furnace, underfloor heating and other powerful electrical devices(water heating boilers, pumps, etc.).
• Single phase reduced- allows you to power the bath with a safe voltage of 12 V or 36 V, which can be used to illuminate the steam room in the bath without endangering a person. Actual for small baths with low ceilings, in which the lighting system is the only consumer for leashes.

After selecting the voltage level, a wiring diagram is drawn up, taking into account the locations of all consumers.

circuit design

To draw up a wiring diagram in a bathhouse, you need to determine the number of connection points to it - lighting devices, sockets for specific equipment, switches, etc. It should be noted that the switches, as well as junction boxes, are strictly forbidden to be installed in the steam room, they must be located in the locker room or dressing room. Washing is also not suitable for this due to the presence of moisture. The wiring in the steam room should not be brought closer to the stove or chimney closer than 80 cm, these requirements must be taken into account at the design stage.

Picture 1: simple circuit wiring in the bath

Look at the picture, here is one of the simple examples bath electrification. The wiring is connected by two independent outputs, each feeding its own socket and a group of lighting lamps. This option will help you calmly leave the room if there is a problem in one of the sections. short circuit, because the sources natural light are often absent.

If you plan to install specific equipment, such as a water heater or a washing machine, they should have a separate line in the wiring diagram with a larger conductor cross section than for a lamp. The washing machine and boiler must be installed in dry conditions. In this case, they should also be displayed separately on the wiring diagram.

Selection of wires, switches, fixtures

For the compiled wiring diagram in the bath, all its components are selected: wires, sockets, switches and lamps. The brand of cable is selected in accordance with the conditions in each of the bath rooms (high temperature and humidity).

According to the material of the current-carrying core, the wiring in the bath can be copper and aluminum, but due to where the best mechanical and electrical parameters are, the choice should be made in favor of copper wires. The main parameter for any of the cable brands is the wire cross section. The size of the section is selected based on the load connected to the corresponding section of the wiring.

How to choose wires and sockets according to the load?

For example, you are going to connect two 100 W light bulbs, plug in a 1 kW electric kettle and a 4 kW electric floor heating. Thus, to calculate the cross section, add the power consumption of all consumers P = 0.1 + 0.1 + 1 + 4 = 5.2 kW. It is necessary to add 20 - 30% margin of safety to the obtained power value, for our example we get 6.24 kW. To select a specific cross-sectional area for wiring according to the power of the consumer or the value electric current you need to use our or table data:

Table 1: wire size selection

Look at the table, for a power of 6.24 kW, copper wiring with a core cross section of 4 mm 2 or aluminum wiring of 6 mm 2 is suitable. If you have drawn up a power supply circuit with wiring separation for various consumers, then it is advisable to perform the section calculation procedure for each individual section, but the conductor material for wiring should be the same.

The socket, like wiring, has a certain amount of current carrying capacity. Therefore, the choice of nodes for connecting to the mains voltage should be made in accordance with the connected devices. For example, for a refrigerator, it is enough to install a 10 A socket, but for a boiler, depending on the power, you will need 16 or 24 A.

For the steam room

The requirements of GOST R 50571.12-96 establish such a division of the steam room into zones:

Rice. 2: division of steam rooms into zones

Look at the picture, all zones are rebuilt in accordance with the location of the stove, even electric, even solid fuel. In relation to laying the wiring cable and installing other equipment, these areas have the following requirements:

• The first is intended exclusively for the stove, if it is an electric heater, then the wiring for connecting it;
• The second is considered the most loyal in terms of wiring requirements; no norms are provided for it;
• For the third zone, there are requirements for equipment that must normally withstand temperatures of 125 ° C or more, and wiring 170 ° C or more;
• Only lamps, sensors and regulators can be installed in the fourth zone, but their wiring is selected, as for the previous bath zone.

For internal wiring in the steam room, heat-resistant cables, for example, PVKV, PRKS or PMTK, should be used.

Lamps in the steam room must have a metal case to which grounding is connected, a sealed glass cover with at least IP24. Models with a plastic body or parts should not be chosen for connecting fixtures, as they can melt and deform, due to which moisture will penetrate inside.

Rice. 3: steam room light

For dressing rooms, changing rooms, rest rooms

These rooms are characterized by much less stringent requirements for location and wiring characteristics. But they must also comply with all the requirements of the PUE for saunas.

It is also better to use sealed lighting devices with a degree of protection of at least IP24, but models with a polymer case or Plexiglas can also be used, since the temperature in these rooms is much lower. Good for wiring. Sockets must have a protective locking device that prevents the free penetration of moisture from the environment.

Entering the wiring in the bath: air or underground?

According to the method of cable entry into a stone or wooden sauna, air or underground laying is distinguished.

Rice. 4: air line laying example

The first option has a number of advantages - installation by air is carried out quickly enough and at a lower cost, except in cases where you need to install supports before wooden building. For air laying, it is most relevant to use a self-insulating wire (SIP), the number of cores in which is determined by the choice of three-phase or single-phase electrical wiring. The following distances must be observed:

• Between supports no more than 25 m;
• The height of the SIP cable entry into the building is at least 2.75 m;
• The distance of the sling boom to the ground is not less than 3.5 m.

Due to the fact that underground entry requires the development of a trench for laying the cable, such a procedure takes much more time than air laying. But when laying underground cable entry, the line itself is much less exposed to atmospheric factors and wind loads, so it lasts much longer.

Rice. 5: example of cable laying underground

When laying underground input, the following requirements must be observed:

In addition to the long laying process, the underground placement of the cable also requires additional measures to protect against accidental damage during earthworks near its route.

Wiring method: open or hidden?

The advantages of open wiring in the bath include ease and speed of installation, the absence of labor-intensive preparatory work, and accessibility for repairs. The disadvantages of the open method of laying wiring include its damage and interference with the interior of the bath.

The advantages of hidden wiring include much higher reliability and security of wires throughout their entire length. Among the shortcomings of internal wiring, lengthy preparatory work and wall chasing are distinguished, which is not always possible to perform.

Installation and connection step by step

The whole process of wiring installation in the bath can be divided into three main stages. Compliance with the above sequence will allow you to perform work efficiently and without unnecessary loss of time. Get started with installation:

switchboard

Sockets and switches

lighting devices

Be sure to check the performance of all devices in dry conditions before starting operation. Make sure that the protection automation is working, this will save you from the consequences of mistakes made even before the start of operation of both the bath itself and the wiring in it.

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