Today, everyone knows how important compounds called are for our body. One such compound is threonine. And although it is part of almost all the human body, threonine is not synthesized in the human body. That is, it comes to us only with food or with food additives. This amino acid is especially important for children, their need for threonine is greater than for an adult.

Why is threonine useful for us? Most importantly, it is necessary for the synthesis of the amino acids serine and glycine, which in turn are involved in the synthesis of collagen and elastin, the proteins of connective and muscle tissue. and elastin are necessary for muscles, and for tendons, and for ligaments, and for the elasticity of blood vessels, skin, and normal heart function. Naturally, children need threonine in larger volumes than an adult, because their body is just being built. If there is not enough building material, problems with the spine may develop - scoliosis, dislocations of the cervical vertebrae, with muscles - flat feet, muscle dystrophy, with teeth - the development of caries, with nails, hair. Perhaps even visual impairment. An adult also needs threonine, as an adult's body is constantly updated. And for a good condition of the skin or teeth (and threonine is part of the tooth enamel), you need a constant intake of threonine in the body.

Increased doses of this amino acid are necessary for recovery after operations and various injuries.

Threonine is also essential for healthy liver function. In combination with methionine and aspartic acid, it takes care of the processing of fats and fatty acids. This means that it prevents the development of fatty liver disease - hepatosis.

Threonine is also needed for the normal functioning of the digestive tract. It is part of some digestive enzymes, such as pepsin, which is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach.

Threonine supports the functioning of the body's immune system, promotes the elimination of toxic substances, therefore it is very important during pregnancy - it reduces toxicosis in the early months.

It is used in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, depression, improves mood, increases concentration, and performance. Threonine is also used in the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction.

Vitamins B3 and B6, as well as the trace element magnesium, contribute to the absorption of threonine by the body. For a full-fledged high-quality muscle protein, threonine must be consumed in combination with methionine and aspartic acid.

As a rule, there should not be a lack of threonine with good nutrition, but if a person consumes a small amount of protein foods (meat, fish, mushrooms), a lack of this important amino acid can manifest itself in muscle weakness, depression, hair loss, poor skin condition, nails and teeth, developmental delay in children. The lack of threonine leads to a lack of all amino acids for the synthesis of which it is necessary. In medical practice, cases have been recorded when threonine is not absorbed by the body. Then, for treatment, increased doses of glycine and serine, which are formed as a result of the synthesis of threonine, are prescribed.

Excess threonine in the body leads to the accumulation of uric acid. When using nutritional supplements with this amino acid, it is necessary to monitor this, since both excess and deficiency of threonine is harmful to our health.

What foods contain threonine? In protein products - meat, poultry, eggs, cheese, oily sea fish, seafood, and mushrooms. Plant foods also contain threonine, but in smaller amounts, it is present in lentils, beans, wheat, rye, buckwheat, and nuts. Threonine deficiency can be experienced by vegetarians who limit the consumption of animal foods.

The daily requirement of threonine for an adult is 0.5 g, for children - 3 g. The need for threonine increases with the active growth and development of the body, with increased physical exertion, during sports, with depression, and, as we have already said, vegetarianism. But with age, the need for threonine decreases.

For athletes, this amino acid is of great importance, as it promotes growth and

Threonineis an essential amino acid. It is obtained from food: beans, brewer's yeast, dairy products, eggs, fish, molasses, meat, nuts, seafood, seeds, soy, whey and whole grains.

As well as other amino acids, threonine is important for the formation of proteins: however, it is especially necessary for the production of tooth enamel, collagen and elastin. Threonine promotes fat metabolism and prevents the accumulation of fat in the liver; it is also useful in intestinal disorders and digestive disorders.

The role of threonine in the prevention of aging

Threonine can help stabilize blood sugar levels, since it can be converted to glucose in the liver during gluconeogenesis. People with burns, wounds, or surgery have higher than normal levels of threonine in their urine. This indicates that this amino acid is released from tissues after injury. Recent studies indicate that taking threonine during these periods may help the recovery process.

In addition, studies have been conducted that found that threonine has the ability to reduce muscle spasticity, which often occurs with multiple sclerosis; however, this use of threonine has not received clinical confirmation.

Deficiency symptoms

Unknown.

Side effects and contraindications

Unknown. People with liver and kidney disease should consult their doctor before taking threonine.

Literature:
Klatz Goldman Beat time.

Opening L-threonine fell on 1935. This is an essential monoaminocarboxylic amino acid, which is found in the muscles of the skeleton, heart, and in the cells of the central nervous system. It is needed to maintain good immunity. The substance is not produced by the body, but is found in food: meat, eggs, sea fish, beans, nuts, buckwheat, mushrooms, etc.

There are amino acid isomers: D-, L- allothreonine, as well as D-, L- threonine. The latter is considered the most valuable for the body, as it takes part in the formation of proteins, is an integral part of elastin and collagen. This is a substance that helps preserve the enamel on the teeth. To improve the digestibility and absorption of threonine, you should also eat foods rich in B vitamins and magnesium.

Threonine Health Benefits

Threonine brings the following benefits to the body:

• Favorably affects the digestive system, fights gastric ulcers.
• Reacting with methionine and aspartic acid, it leads to the breakdown of fats that accumulate in the liver.
• The use of this amino acid leads to relaxation and calmness, therefore it effectively fights depression.
• Promotes healing of wounds, scars, raising muscle tone.
• Supports immunity, contributes to the proper functioning of the heart and central nervous system.
• Included in proteins and enzymes.
• Maintains the beauty of nails and hair.
• Protects the skin from dryness, helps smooth out wrinkles, is part of many cosmetics.

Threonine for athletes

Threonine is used as a dietary supplement in sports nutrition. Athletes need it for:

• muscle strengthening;
• increase endurance under heavy loads;
• fast recovery after training.

What causes a lack of threonine?

Lack of this amino acid is rare, and manifests itself in the following:

• Tooth enamel deteriorates, hair falls out, nails become brittle, skin loses turgor.
• It becomes difficult to concentrate.
• There is depression, anxiety, oppression.
• Muscle mass is lost.
• There is weakness in the muscles.
• Children have growth retardation.

Daily allowance and side effects

Threonine should be taken at 0.5 g per day. If too much threonine accumulates in the body, this leads to an excess of uric acid, which can negatively affect the functioning of the liver and kidneys.

The product is not a drug.
We do not recommend the use of products by persons under 18 years of age.
Before you start taking any product, be sure to consult a specialist!

He dictates his own rules. People are increasingly resorting to diet correction and, of course, sports, which is understandable. Indeed, in the conditions of large cities it is very difficult to provide yourself with the necessary level of physical activity. In an effort to health, many additionally introduce sources of amino acids (AA), in particular threonine, into the menu.

Description of the amino acid

Threonine has been known since 1935. The pioneer was the American biochemist William Rose. It was he who created the structural characteristics of the monoaminocarboxylic amino acid and proved its indispensability for human immunity. Threonine is present in the muscles of the heart, skeletal muscles and the central nervous system. At the same time, it is not produced by the body and comes exclusively with food (- Wikipedia).

There are 4 threonine isomers: L and D-threonine, L and D-allotreonine. The most important is the first one. It promotes the synthesis of proteins, is an integral part of elastin and collagen. Needed for the process of formation and further preservation of tooth enamel. The best digestibility of this isomer is observed in the presence of nicotinic acid () and pyridoxine (). For proper absorption, the proper level of magnesium in the body is required.

Note! Known genetic diseases caused by the body's immunity to threonine. In such cases, it is necessary to ensure the intake of drugs containing glycine and serine.

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Threonine: benefits and properties

This amino acid is necessary at any age. It ensures the correct functioning of the physiological systems of the body. Toddlers and teens need AK to grow. With its regular intake, normal development is ensured. One of the most important functions is the synthesis of antibodies to provide immunity.

In the adult body, the amino acid has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract and helps to cure peptic ulcer (in English - the scientific journal Gastroenterology, 1982). Moreover, reacting with methionine and aspartic (aminosuccinic) acid, it promotes the breakdown of fats in the human liver, improves the absorption of dietary protein. It has a lipotropic effect. For therapeutic purposes, this AK activates muscle tone, heals wounds and postoperative scars, affecting the exchange of collagen and elastin.

Note! Threonine deficiency causes growth retardation and weight loss (- scientific journal Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, 2012).

The main functions of threonine:

1. maintaining the correct action of the central nervous system, immune and cardiovascular systems;
2. presence in proteins and enzymes;
3. ensuring growth;
4. assistance in the assimilation of other useful elements;
5. normalization of hepatic function;
6. muscle strengthening.

Sources of Threonine

The record holder for the content of threonine is protein food:

• meat;
• eggs;
• dairy;
• fatty fish and other seafood.

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Herbal AK Suppliers:

• cereals;
• seeds;
• mushrooms;
• nuts;
• leafy greens.

The above products, as a rule, are always available, therefore they must be constantly present in the diet.

Daily rate of threonine

The daily requirement of an adult human body for threonine is 0.5 g. For a child, it is more - 3 g. Only a varied diet can provide such a dose.

The daily menu should include eggs (3.6 g) and meat (about 1.5 g of amino acid per 100 g of product). Plant sources are characterized by a lower content of AA.

Deficiency and excess of threonine: dangerous violations of harmony

If the level of threonine is exceeded, the body begins to accumulate uric acid. Its excessive concentration leads to dysfunctions of the kidneys, liver and increased acidity of the stomach. Therefore, the content of AA should be clearly controlled, avoiding oversaturation with it.

Amino acid deficiency is rare. It is noted due to malnutrition and mental disorders.

Symptoms of threonine deficiency are:

• decreased concentration, loss of consciousness;
• depressive state;
• rapid weight loss, dystrophy;
• muscle weakness;
• retardation of development and growth (in children);
• poor condition of the skin, teeth, nails and hair.

Interaction with other elements

Aspartic acid and methionine combine perfectly with threonine. Complete absorption of the amino acid is provided by the presence of pyridoxine (B6), nicotinic acid (B3) and magnesium.

Threonine and sports nutrition

The amino acid is invaluable in the context of sports nutrition. Threonine helps build and strengthen muscle mass. Helps to withstand increased loads and quickly recover from them. AK is indispensable for weightlifters, runners, swimmers. Therefore, constant monitoring and timely correction of amino acid levels are important factors in sports success.

Note! Threonine provides stimulation of brain function. It also facilitates the manifestations of toxicosis of pregnant women.

Health and beauty

Physical health and external attractiveness without threonine are impossible by definition. It maintains excellent condition of teeth, nails, hair and skin. Protects skin from drying out. Thanks to the synthesis of elastin and collagen, it helps to delay the appearance of wrinkles.

Threonine is declared as a cosmetic component of many well-known brands. At the same time, it must be remembered that a brilliant appearance and good health require comprehensive support.

Professional creams, serums and tonics, along with a balanced diet, will help you achieve stunning results.

In 1935, William Cumming Rose discovered the amino acid, which later became known as threonine. As it turned out, this substance is able to support the immune system of the human body, contributing to the production of antibodies.

general characteristics

Threonine is an essential monoaminocarboxylic amino acid, and therefore not produced by the body itself. High concentrations of the substance have been found in the heart, skeletal muscles, and cells of the central nervous system. Threonine enters the human body exclusively from food.

There are 4 optical isomers of threonine:

• L-threonine (used by the body);
• L-allotreonin (rarely found in nature);
• D-threonine (not so important for humans);
• D-allotreonin (of minor importance).

The more scientists explore the possibilities of this amino acid, the more beneficial properties they discover. Like any other substance in this group, threonine is necessary for the formation of proteins. In addition, it is a constituent of collagen and elastin, as well as an indispensable component for the formation of healthy tooth enamel.

By maintaining the proper balance of protein in the body, this amino acid contributes to normal growth, which is why children and adolescents need to increase their consumption of foods rich in threonine. And by combining with methionine and aspartic acid, this substance helps the liver "digest" fats, which prevents the accumulation of lipids in the tissues of the organ. In addition to all of the above, threonine has a beneficial effect on the digestive system and intestinal tract, and also has a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body. There is evidence that this substance also has anti-ulcer properties.

Threonine, along with cysteine, lysine, alanine and aspartic acid, activates the body's antibody production process, which ultimately strengthens the immune system.

The fact that this amino acid is essential for the adequate functioning of the nervous system is indicated by the presence of a high concentration of the substance in the cells, in particular the central nervous system. A beneficial effect on the psycho-emotional state allows it to be used as a remedy for certain types of depression.

In medicine, the amino acid is used as a drug to relax muscles during convulsions. Also, threonine has found its application in the treatment of atrophic and multiple sclerosis. Preparations containing this amino acid help maintain the strength and elasticity of connective tissues and muscles. By the way, a similar effect is noted on the heart, in the tissues of which the amino acid is contained in a fairly high concentration.

In surgery, threonine is known as a drug that accelerates wound healing after surgery or injury.

So, after analyzing the role of threonine for humans, we can say that this amino acid:

• plays an important role in maintaining the normal functioning of various body systems (central nervous, cardiovascular, immune);
• beneficial effect on liver function;
• takes part in the creation of glycine and serine - amino acids necessary for the production of collagen, elastin and muscle tissue;
• is a component of proteins and enzymes;
• an excellent tool for combating fatty degeneration of the liver (however, excessive consumption of amino acids affects this organ negatively);
• promotes the growth of the thymus;
• helps to produce antibodies, which supports the immune system;
• promotes easier and faster absorption of other useful substances;
• important for maintaining mental health;
• effective in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Daily rate and rules of consumption

But when taking an amino acid in the form of a bioactive supplement, you should be aware that high doses of the drug can cause liver dysfunction, increase the level of urea in the body, and therefore ammonia, which has a toxic effect.

Lack of amino acids causes emotional arousal, confusion, indigestion and fatty liver. In addition, the lack of this substance leads to an imbalance of all that are produced on the basis of threonine.

People who are actively involved in sports, or whose work involves hard physical labor, should take care of an additional intake of amino acids. Also, a higher concentration of the substance should be maintained in a growing organism. Useful threonine and people suffering from depression. A small increase in the daily allowance will help them cope with psycho-emotional disorders. But for vegetarians, whose diet is extremely poor in proteins, it makes sense to think about taking threonine in the form of a dietary supplement.

Over the years, the body's need for this amino acid decreases slightly. It is also believed that in some cases, threonine can cause a decrease in lung performance. Meanwhile, there is no exact scientific evidence of this yet.

food sources

Threonine is an essential amino acid, and in order to provide the body with it, it is necessary to introduce meat, dairy products, and eggs into the diet. Vegetarians can replenish their supply of matter from nuts, grains, beans, seeds, and some vegetables.

Sources of animal origin: almost all types of meat (lamb, beef, horse meat, chicken, turkey, black grouse), dairy products (many varieties of hard cheese, cheese), fish (sea, fatty) and eggs.

Plant sources: leafy vegetables, lentils, barley, wheat, buckwheat, beans, mushrooms, sprouted grains, rye, seeds, nuts, leafy vegetables.

How is it absorbed by the body

Usually, the body easily absorbs threonine, but for this it needs the presence, in particular, and are the most useful for this. In addition, it is important to monitor the concentration in the body, since the correct assimilation of the amino acid also depends on this.

Meanwhile, in some individuals with genetic diseases, threonine from food may not be absorbed at all. In such cases, it is important to take more intensively and - amino acids, for which threonine actually serves as a "precursor".

Other applications of threonine

In European countries, threonine is actively used as a dietary supplement for animal feed. In this area, the amino acid is known as a means of promoting the faster growth of animals and poultry. The results of many studies have shown a significant increase in weight in animals whose diet was enriched with amino acids.

Threonine is found in abundance in human plasma. A particularly high concentration of the substance is observed in newborns, which is not surprising if we recall the role of the amino acid as a “growth agent”. Threonine deficiency in the human body causes neurological disorders. And regular consumption of foods rich in amino acid complex will prevent the development of multiple sclerosis, keep you in good shape and have a beneficial effect on almost all systems in the body. Meanwhile, laboratory studies of this substance continue. Perhaps scientists will discover new secrets of threonine, and we will learn even more about its role in human health.