Almost all country mansions have autonomous water supply. People who have earned enough money to furnish their homes the way they want do not want to depend on chance. They necessarily equip their own well for water and in the future do not even think about planned repairs or breaks in rotten pipes.

Wells for water are not cheap, as well as their installation, they are unlikely to quickly pay for themselves. But for residents of the private sector and for the rural population, their arrangement is often a necessary measure due to the lack of centralized water supply. In the country, you also want to have uninterrupted access to water, it is needed for irrigation, cooking and hygiene procedures.

There are different aquifers. Types of wells for water depend on the depth from which you will extract it.

Scheme of occurrence of aquifers and placement of water intake facilities relative to them.

sand spring

Usually, the depth of water-bearing sand does not exceed 50 m. Summer construction of a well for water will solve the issue of supplying a small house, suburban area, watering the garden and orchard.

If the average daily water consumption does not exceed 1.5 cubic meters per hour, the installation of a shallow water intake is just what you need.

A sandy summer well has the following advantages:

• low cost;
• high speed of installation work;
• the ability to install a well for water with your own hands;
• no need to use large equipment;
• the water in the sand layers is cleaner than in the well.

The disadvantages include:

• the depth of the water horizon of 50 m is not a guarantee of the purity of drinking water - it contains the more impurities and aggressive compounds, the closer Industrial Zone or a large settlement;
• poor performance;
• short service life - it is used for about 10 years.

This option for arranging a well is good in the country, in order to serve a large area or a large family, it is not suitable.

Artesian source

It is best to equip an artesian well on a large area, which must be equipped at a depth of 100 m or more. If it produces about 10 cubic meters of water per hour, this will be enough for irrigation and for the needs of a large house.

Advantages of an artesian well:

• high performance;
• long service life (about 50 years);
• high degree of natural filtration.

Flaws:

• high cost;
• the need to involve qualified specialists for drilling and installation at all stages of well improvement.

Abyssinian well

This method of water intake is also called "well on the sand." It is distinguished by its use as a casing pipe of small diameter - inch (inner diameter - 25 mm). The Abyssinian well pumps water from a sandy aquifer with a depth of 10-18 m according to the principle of suction. Her virtues:

• lowest cost;
• the ability to build a well on their own in 5-10 hours;
• with a small thickness of the aquifer sandy layer, a large-diameter pipe simply cannot “catch” it;
• service life - about 30 years;
• compactness.

The disadvantages include:

• the impossibility of building in places with a low level ground water;
• the quality of water is lower than in artesian or sandy sources, which is associated with the ingress of groundwater into it;
• low productivity - from 0.5 to 3 cubic meters per hour.

Well Equipment

Before you equip a well for water, you need to choose the right equipment. We note right away that excessive savings in this matter are fraught with trouble and huge costs in the future. It is better to use reliable equipment from trusted manufacturers for the well right away, so that later you do not have to spend money on repairs or replacements.

Buy only new parts. Pay attention to the presence of hygiene certificates, warranty cards and technical documentation of devices. This is especially important if you will carry out at least part of the installation work yourself - all instructions and diagrams will be required.

Water has always been and is one of the necessary elements life. And even the very first settlements tried to create on ...

Approximate list of equipment

A fully equipped water well primarily consists of:

• protecting the mine from the collapse of the casing pipe;
• a caisson or other shelter designed to protect automatic equipment from flooding and pollution of the well;
• well head;
• a pump, without which water simply will not flow through the pipes;
• pressure pipe.

In addition, you will need:

• control system and control devices;
• submarine cable in a hygroscopic braid;
• stainless steel cable;
• fasteners for cable and cable;
• manometer;
• pressure meter;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• shut-off valves;
• cranes;
• filters.

Pump equipment

The main element of the equipment for a water well is a pump. It is he who provides the rise and uninterrupted supply of water from the well. The set of equipment must necessarily include a pumping station or a submersible pump.

Pumping station

In areas with close groundwater, it is best to install a pumping station. It is a whole set of external equipment for the well - the pump itself, a hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 10-500 liters and automation.

The water reservoir is divided by a rubber membrane and equipped with a relay that regulates the pressure in the tank. At full capacity, the pump turns off, and when the water flow is turned on. It can work both by supplying water directly to the system, and when the liquid level in the tank drops below a certain level, periodically replenishing its “reserves”.

The pumping station is used in such cases:

• at a well depth of up to 10 m;
• the casing is narrow, it is not possible to find a submersible pump of the right size;
• the water level is less than necessary for the installation of a deep pump.

Of course, the pumping station is noisy, the depth from which it can draw water is limited.

Submersible pump

It will be needed for a well whose depth exceeds 10 m. When buying a deep pump, it is not enough to choose a reliable, high-quality device. It is necessary to correctly calculate the necessary characteristics - performance and maximum pressure. They depend on the depth and diameter of the well, the length and diameter of the pipes, the peak water consumption in the house and on the site during irrigation. For smooth operation, you may need a pump with a working pressure of 1.5 to 3.5 atmospheres.

The well is one of the most important suburban communications. It serves many purposes: household needs, watering the garden, ...

Hydraulic accumulator

A water tank may be included with the pumping station, or it may have to be purchased separately. The main purpose of the accumulator is to maintain the working pressure of the water in the system. Thanks to him, the pump works with less stress. From the well, water is pumped into the tank, and from there, under pressure, it enters the connection points. When the liquid level in the tank falls below a certain minimum, the pump is switched on again.

All currently produced devices have approximately the same design and functions, differ only in the material from which they are made (stainless steel or food grade plastic) and volume (10-1500 l).

By volume, hydroaccumulators are:

1. Membrane - small volume tanks equipped with a check valve and a pressure gauge. Their task is only to ensure normal pressure in the plumbing system.
2. Accumulative - large containers that can not only maintain working pressure, but also provide the family with the necessary supply of water in case of power outages.

The accumulator must be placed high - on the second floor (if any), in the attic. If necessary, the tank must be insulated to prevent it from freezing in winter.

Caisson

The arrangement of a well for water with your own hands implies the mandatory protection of equipment from external influences. The caisson is a simple and practical waterproof structure that protects the water intake system from pollution, freezing and provides access to the well.

You can buy it, or you can make it yourself. A caisson is a sealed container similar to a barrel, most often 2-2.5 m high, with a diameter of about a meter. It usually houses filters for water purification, automation, a diaphragm accumulator, pressure gauges, relays and other equipment, which saves space in the house. Sometimes a pumping station is placed in the caisson.

Most often, most of the structure is placed underground and equipped with a cover that provides tightness.

The caisson can be plastic or metal. Previously, its functions were performed by reinforced concrete rings. Of course, they are durable, but it is impossible to install them without special equipment, besides, the weight of the rings causes the soil to sag.

Well head

This design closes the upper part of the casing and is a kind of cover that protects the well from debris, melt water. A submersible pump is attached to the head on the cable, power cables and a pressure pipe pass through it. For well design, steel, cast iron and plastic are most often used.

Accessories:

• protective cover;
• rubber ring;
• plastic or metal flange;
• carbine;
• fixture.

Which pipes are better

When arranging on the water supply site, one should not forget about the pipes for the well. When drilling, a casing string is mounted, which protects against collapse of the well wall and from the ingress of goaf into the wellbore. Pipes for water wells are hermetically interconnected and prevent poorly treated water from entering the water supply from the upper horizons.

The casing during operation withstands heavy loads and must have mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and withstand high pressure. Great importance has the material from which it is made. Let's look at this issue in detail so that you can determine which pipe is best to use.

Asbestos-cement pipes

Pipes made from asbestos cement are one of the longest and most frequently used pipes for the construction of water pipes. Their main advantage is corrosion resistance. Let's look at other alleged benefits:

1. Low cost. Yes, they are cheap. That's just the delivery of asbestos-cement pipes to the site will cost you a pretty penny. As well as their installation. And also under asbestos-cement pipes wells of the largest diameters are needed, since they have very thick walls for strength.
2. Durability. The question is certainly interesting. If everything goes well, then these pipes will stand for more than the declared 50 years. But asbestos cement is very fragile, after installing the structure, any work in them is excluded. Whether the aquifers shift, whether the well silts up, you can’t do anything.
3. It is believed that asbestos cement is safe for health. But when buying products from it, you must make sure that the brand allows the use of pipes for drinking water.

Due to the characteristics of the material, asbestos-cement pipes are used only as casing strings in artesian wells up to 100 m deep; they cannot be used on sands.

Steel pipes

If we talk about which pipes are better for a well, the answer is unequivocal - made of steel, with a wall thickness of at least 6 mm:

1. Their service life is 50 years. The well is usually developed for the same amount of time.
2. When interacting with water, the metal does not emit elements harmful to humans. Even if rust gets into the water, it is easy to remove it with a simple household filter.
3. It is difficult to damage a metal pipe during installation and operation.
4. It can be installed in deep groundwater and on sands.
5. Drilling operations can be carried out inside steel pipes.

Their only drawback is the price that increases every year.

plastic pipes

Plastic has recently begun to be used as a material for pipes:

• uPVC - unplasticized polyvinyl chloride;
• PP - polypropylene;
• HDPE - low pressure polyethylene.

Plastic pipes have a number of advantages:

• low cost;
• resistance to corrosion;
• ease of installation.

It is non-toxic and does not break down in the ground.

Flaws:

• plastic pipes are fragile;
• they are not suitable for so-called "difficult" soils, including sands;
• after installation in plastic casing pipes, no work is allowed;
• the maximum depth of the well is 60 m.

Stainless steel, galvanized, enamel

As for galvanized pipes, let's say right away - their installation is allowed only in wells for technical water. It has long been established that when oxidized, they emit zinc oxide, which is dangerous for humans.

Enamelled pipes are made from thin-walled pipes that are coated with enamel. It is impossible to install them without damaging the fragile coating, therefore, such by no means cheap pipes will rust very quickly.

Installing stainless steel pipes as casing is simply wasteful. They are very expensive, it makes sense to use them only in cases where the possibility of corrosion should be absolutely excluded.

Arrangement of wells for water

After the casing pipe is installed in the well drilled under water, you can proceed to its arrangement.

Well piping

So that the well does not create problems for the owners and serves for a long time, it is necessary to protect it from dirt, melt and rain water, exposure to low or high temperatures. At the same time, the hydraulic structure must have free access for repair and maintenance. To ensure these conditions, a set of measures is carried out, called piping a well to water.

Of course, if there is a heated room nearby in which to hide all the equipment, the strapping is not needed. Sometimes in large mansions a well is made simultaneously with the construction of the house, and it is located in the basement or in one of the outbuildings.

stone pit

The most budgetary option for protecting a well is a pit similar to the simplest cellar with protected walls and a ceiling (preferably concrete, lined with brick or plastic). The pit is easy to make yourself from improvised materials. The main thing is to correctly calculate the volume, because it should not only fit all the equipment, but also the person performing the service.

For areas where groundwater rises above 3 m, the pit is not suitable, since in spring it can simply be flooded.

Downhole adapter

One of the newest inventions for arranging water wells is the brass borehole adapter. One part of it is fixedly attached to the casing, and the other is connected by a coupling to a water pipe, to which the pump is also suspended. All equipment is installed directly in the column, which makes the well invisible.

But to use the adapter, the following conditions must be met:

• the casing pipe must also be a production pipe, drilled in one string;
• the casing pipe can only be steel, since asbestos-cement pipes cannot be used as operational (water pipes), moreover, it is impossible to crash into them, and plastic is easily deformed;
• water pipes should be at a depth below the freezing level of the soil.

Please note that the adapter will need to be cleaned occasionally.

Caisson installation

By and large, a caisson is a factory-made pit. For him, first of all, they dig a hole of such a size that, after installation, at least 30 cm remain to the walls. The neck should rise above the ground by at least 10 cm (so that melt and rain water does not get inside).

Holes are cut in the caisson for pipes: casing and plumbing. Concrete is poured at the bottom of the pit with a layer of about 15 cm and the container is lowered from above so that it stands level and the holes are in the right place.

The casing pipe is cut, water pipes are brought. In a metal caisson, all the junctions of the tank and pipes are welded, in a plastic one they are hermetically connected with special heads.

Empty places from the sides are covered with soil or poured with concrete, if necessary, insulate the neck.

Installation of equipment

If all the previous work can be done independently, then it is better to entrust the installation of devices to professionals. Equipment is expensive, if installed incorrectly, breakdowns cannot be avoided, and the combination of water and electricity is very dangerous.

Pump installation

First of all, you need to clean the well and pump dirty water. This is done until absolutely clean, non-sedimentary water comes out. A submersible pump cannot be used for this. Take a pump or other less expensive equipment.

The pump is lowered into the casing pipe on a stainless cable, which will then be attached to the head. It must be completely immersed in water, but not reach the bottom of the well for at least a meter. At the same time as the pump, a water intake pipe is installed and power cable in a sealed sheath.

head mount

Only after installing the pump, it is possible to mount the head, on which the cable with the pump is attached with a carabiner. A pipe is passed through it for water intake.

The head is mounted on the casing pipe and fastened with eyebolts, two are on the outside of the cover, one is on the inside.

Installation of a hydraulic accumulator

As noted above, the water intake tank can have a volume of 10 to 1500 liters. Naturally, the storage tank must be equipped in the house, and the membrane one - in the caisson or pit. The main thing is that it has free access for maintenance.

Together with the installation of a hydraulic accumulator, a check valve. To reduce vibration, it is good to strengthen the tank with a rubber seal.

Installation of the control system

If there is the slightest doubt that you can install the automation yourself, entrust the work to a specialist. It is better to entrust the installation of the control system to the seller, so that if a malfunction is detected, there will be no complaints about the installation.

In order for the source to serve you for the maximum period, you must also remember to correctly calculate its debit or productivity. To do this, take into account the static and

On the personal plot country house Water is needed constantly - both for water supply to housing and for technical needs. But the central water supply does not always pass near the site, street wells are not a way out, and then the only way to provide yourself with water is to drill a well, equip it in accordance with all the rules, stretch a line from it to the house, and also dilute water around the site. You can drill a hole, carry out a qualified arrangement of a well with your own hands without a caisson, and this will not require too much labor, time and financial costs.

How to equip a well for water

The mine must be equipped with all the necessary instruments and mechanisms to operate correctly and reliably. Technological equipment of a well for water implies the presence of such structures, assemblies, elements, mechanisms and devices:

1. Casing pipes to protect the mine from collapse of the walls and deformation of the hole under the influence of water - melt, rain and soil;
2. Construction of a caisson for a well (a caisson is an insulated pit), which serves to protect the upper part of the mine and installed mechanisms and units from soil landslides, erosion and seasonal temperature fluctuations;
3. Submersible or surface pump - the model of the unit depends on how deep the well is drilled;
4. Well head - a cover for sealing the well and hanging the pump.
5. Hydraulic accumulator for accumulating water and creating working pressure in pipes, for even distribution of pressure along the piping;
6. It is obligatory to equip the well with an adapter - a unit that regulates and controls the lifting and transportation of water, and also performs the role of automatic protection against overloads and short circuits.

Caisson installation

Before you independently equip the well with a caisson, you should check whether it is needed in a particular case. If the well is drilled near a warm extension, a heated building or a room with heating, then all the accompanying mechanisms can be installed there, the caisson is not needed in this case. This solution will save you money and time.

Otherwise, a caisson for a well with an adapter will still have to be dug and equipped. You can concrete the pit or lay it out with bricks, or you can purchase a ready-made tank of a suitable size (about 1.5 meters for each side, or a round container) and dig a pit along it. Such containers are made of thick-walled plastic or metal.

The steel container after welding must be coated with anti-corrosion compounds.

The technical arrangement of the caisson is carried out in almost the same way for tanks made of any materials. The operational arrangement for each design will be different.

The sequence of installation operations is as follows:

1. A pit is dug, the size of which should be 50-70 cm larger than the dimensions of the container - for insulation and backfilling with soil. The depth of the pit is chosen taking into account the finished tank, or so that it is possible to conveniently equip the neck or hatch;
2. The bottom of the pit is poured with concrete, having previously created a small crushed stone and gravel cushion, which will help cushion the device during seasonal ground fluctuations. The thickness of the concrete bottom is 15-20 cm. Immediately upon pouring, 6-10 reinforcement bars are inserted into the concrete, to which the caisson body will be attached;
3. A hole is made in the bottom of the tank according to the diameter of the well casing pipe under water. If the caisson is intended not only for warming the head, but also for placing appliances, then the hole is made closer to the edge of the container. Immediately make a hole for the exit of the pipeline;
4. It is necessary to bring the caisson into the pit slowly, watching the alignment of the holes, and after installation, check its position with a level, if necessary, align it. You provided a place to work with a gap of 50-70 cm (it was mentioned above);
5. The casing is cut to the required level, a hydraulic accumulator and other accompanying equipment are connected. All joints, joints, seams and threads are covered with sealant or bitumen. Wellhead connections are protected by special caps;
6. The last step is backfilling the previously excavated earth into the space between the pit and the reservoir. It is carried out in layers, with a layer thickness of 20-30 cm, each layer is moistened and compacted tightly. If the soil on the site is rocky or clayey, then instead of soil, the free space can be filled with concrete mortar with building rubble.

When installing a steel tank, all inlet and outlet connections on pipes and the caisson are made by welding.

After carrying out all the installation work on installing a caisson in a country house or in a private house, it is necessary to equip, decorate or ennoble the well with your own hands.

Installation of pumping equipment

For a deep well, a deep water pump is needed. The power of the pump is calculated based on the daily water consumption of the residents and the depth of the water shaft. Installing such a pump is simple - a cable or cord is tied to the lugs on the body, the equipment is lowered into the water, but not to the very bottom, and not bringing one meter to the bottom so that silt is not captured.

Mounting submersible pump accompanied by the observance of certain mandatory conditions, namely:

1. The pump is connected with a three-core cable with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm 2, which is placed in the HDPE pipe to protect it from water. If there are connections along the length of the cable, it is better to make them not by twisting or soldering, but collapsible, and placed in a separate sealed enclosure;
2. After turning on the pump, the first water intake must be drained into the ground, as it will be dirty. That is, the first time you need to pump out the well completely, but you need to direct the flow of water not to the main, but simply to the site, for example, to water the garden or vegetable garden;
3. In addition, it is recommended that the first pumping be done not with the pump that will constantly work in the well, but with another, cheaper one, since dirt can quickly disable all seals and gaskets in the unit. The permanent unit is lowered into the well only when the water goes clean, without impurities;
4. The pump must be equipped with a coarse filter, which is mounted on the suction. The fine filter is installed already at the outlet of the highway, before the entrance of the route to the house;
5. If the pump is held on a cable, then the cable is selected from stainless steel or with a protective synthetic coating. If a cord is used, it must also be synthetic and reinforced.

After lowering the pump into the shaft, the hole of the well is covered with a head, the end of the cable or cord is attached to the head.

Hydraulic accumulator operation and control system

A hydraulic accumulator is a storage tank that creates pressure in the water supply system:

1. The pump supplies water to the tank until it is full;
2. From the battery, water goes to the house or through branches to the site;
3. After a critical water withdrawal, the pump automatically turns on to fill the tank.

The maximum volume of the storage tank is from 10 liters to one ton. It all depends on the amount of water consumed by the consumer. In addition, the arrangement of the battery is also the equipment of the protection system, which is mounted last.

ASUP ( automatic system instrument control) turns the pump on and off depending on the mode of its operation and the water level in the accumulator, it is equipped with protection against pressure and voltage drops, from surges in the water level in the casing. All commissioning work associated with the installation and testing of equipment should be carried out on an experimental pump in order to subsequently ensure that the well works correctly.

Finishing work:

1. Staircase to enter the caisson;
2. The installation of automated control systems is not in the well, but in the house. Then you will not have to go down into the pit often;
3. Insertion of pressure gauges between the accumulator and the pump. Devices are recommended to be connected to the automated control system, and then their readings can be read in the house;
4. Collector equipment for additional water distribution in the area and outbuildings. The collector is assembled and installed on the highway to the hydraulic accumulator;
5. Instead of a caisson, you can lay out the walls of the pit with bricks, you get a warm underground room for a pumping station with support equipment. This is the most expensive, but also the most convenient solution in terms of well operation, saving space in the house, and in terms of equipment maintenance.

Conclusion

In conclusion, about how to equip a well for water after drilling. Most often, ennoblement consists in planting flowers around the caisson. Also, a low-growing shrub is planted around the well or a gazebo is made directly above the caisson.

After acquiring a plot or a country house without a central water supply, the new owner has to take on the construction of a well for water. Is it worth it to drill a water intake with your own hands? Without extra expenses, it is possible to provide technical water for the first time: a shallow source (a well or a well-needle) with a good flow rate is quite sufficient for irrigation and construction needs. But such a solution is temporary, because groundwater intake is not distinguished by stable performance and a long service life. The maximum useful life of surface sources does not exceed 10 years.

Over time, you will have to deal with the arrangement of a new, more productive well with clean drinking water. The rule applies: the deeper the water intake is, the cleaner and safer the source.

Choice of type and depth of the well

Scheme: arrangement of wells at different levels of aquifers

The fundamental difference in the device different types wells - in the depth of drilling. Deep artesian sources require deepening up to 200 m, depending on the depth at which the aquifer limestone occurs in a particular area. Sandy, drilled to 2 - 3 layers of water-bearing sand, are usually equipped with a water intake at a depth of up to 25 - 40 m. Surface sources provide water from the first sandy horizon, located 12 - 15 m below ground level.

Depth of aquifers and types of wells

Drilling and arranging deep wells is the right move in terms of safety and longevity of the source. The water that is in the limestone rock almost never requires additional filtration: the rock acts as a natural filter. Surface water contaminated with sewage, chemicals, oil products does not penetrate to great depths. The cost of drilling an artesian well is significantly higher than a shallow sandy one. But such a source has several advantages:

• Does not require regular cleaning, does not silt.
• The performance is sufficient for uninterrupted water supply of several houses with swimming pools.
• The flow rate is stable, does not depend on the amount of precipitation, there are no seasonal fluctuations in the amount of water.

From a deep well, a sufficient amount of clean water is supplied at any time of the year.

• Durability: with regular use, the source lasts from 60 years.
• All-season arrangement: water intake can be drilled at any time of the year.

The main drawback is the need for careful preparation and obtaining special permission for the arrangement. We will have to develop and approve technical documentation.

Assistance with the execution of permits will be provided by specialists who are engaged in drilling. Mobile drilling rigs are used for punching.

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For the operation of equipment, it is necessary to organize the possibility of access to the installation site

Independent drilling of shallow wells: materials and equipment

Owners who decide to equip a well in a country house or a plot of a country house with their own hands need to decide on the depth of the source. It is more expedient not to save, but to drill a source for sand: the flow rate will be higher, and the water can be used for drinking. You can manually punch a surface well with an ordinary bailer, but the process is long, laborious, and in summer there may not be enough water even for irrigation.

A productive sandy well is drilled with compact installations: one day is enough for the whole job. MBU ( small installation) can be rented. The equipment is easy to assemble and transport. Advantage: a 3x3 m area is enough for the operation of the installation, the soil is not damaged.

Photo: do-it-yourself arrangement of a sand well for water on an uneven area

In addition to installation, you will need pipes with a threaded connection to form the trunk, and backfill material.

Drilling and installation of casing and depth filter

Before starting work, they dig a recess - a pit. In the future, the pit is used as a recess for a caisson or pit; at the drilling stage, it protects the trunk from shedding into the soil. The width of the pit is up to 2 m, the depth is from 1 m.

Protective pit around the wellbore

They assemble the installation and dig 2 tanks at a distance of 1 - 1.2 m from the pit, interconnected by a trench: one for filtering, the other for washing the mine. At the beginning of drilling, using the building level, they check the angle of entry of the drill into the ground: it is necessary to achieve a strictly vertical tie-in, because with deepening, the angle of inclination will increase.

As the shaft deepens, a casing string of pipes is formed. It is preferable to use thick-walled (2 - 4 mm) metal pipes with ready-made threaded connections. Plastic pipes are cheaper, but subject to deformation, and an asbestos-cement pipe crumbles under load. Threaded pipe pieces are easier to connect, no need to waste time on welding. The weld is unreliable and loses its tightness over time.

Arrangement of a casing shaft (column) of a well for water is best done with a steel pipe

The lower section of the trunk is equipped with ready-made or homemade filter. Holes are drilled at an angle to the wall surface of 45 °, with a step between the elements up to 3 - 5 cm. From above they are wrapped with a fine-mesh metal mesh, which is fixed with wire, soldering or clamps. The filter will protect the barrel from contamination and silting.

factory filter on plastic pipe

After installation of the column, the well is flushed until clean water is obtained.

Do-it-yourself caisson: which design to choose

After drilling, you can start equipping the well with a pump and automation. Water supply automation includes:

1. Arrangement of a caisson (pit) to accommodate automation and wiring.
2. Selection and installation of pumping equipment.

The device of a well for water with supply to the house and the pool

Finished containers made of plastic and metal

The caisson can be equipped in a pit formed before drilling, deepening the pit to the required level. You can calculate the depth according to the data on soil freezing: if the equipment is placed below the freezing point, in winter there will be no problems with pipes bursting from frost.

The easiest way is to buy a ready-made tank. Manufacturers produce caissons made of metal and plastic of various sizes. Plastic containers are not subject to rotting and corrosion, completely sealed. Plastic does not require winter preparation: the material perfectly insulates equipment from frost. New models are equipped with stiffeners. Inside the tanks there are ready-made ladders and pre-installed sealed sleeves for pipe installation.

Fast and convenient: ready-made tank

Metal structures are produced different shapes. The metal must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound, the container requires sprinkling and laying thermal insulation material along the outer surface of the walls.

Metal containers with sealed seams treated against rust

Do-it-yourself caisson arrangement

To construct a water well on a personal plot, you can build a caisson with your own hands from brick or concrete. Ready-made concrete rings are also used. Their disadvantage is that they are bulky and heavy, which makes installation difficult.

It is much easier to make a brick tank on your own than a concrete one. The bottom is examined - if the soil is hard and dry, you can simply backfill with building gravel of medium fraction. In areas with a high risk of groundwater flooding, it is better to perform waterproofing: make concrete screed with the addition of moisture-proof additives on top of the bulk layer.

Gravel padding at the bottom of the pit

The walls of the well form brickwork or concrete mortar. A brick caisson is better protected from freezing, a concrete one will have to be insulated.

Laying is carried out along the entire height of the pit, controlling the verticality of the wall with a level

As a roof, slabs with a prepared hole are used or concrete mortar is poured over the formwork. It is necessary to leave the hatch of sufficient width. Close the manhole with a metal door or garden hatch.

Finished brick well with a metal lid

Equipment: installation of the pumping group and wiring

The final and most important stage in arranging a home well for uninterrupted year-round water supply is the selection and installation of equipment. The heart of the system is the pump. Experts recommend choosing submersible devices for sandy and limestone sources. You can accurately calculate the required power depending on the productivity and intensity of well operation. Surface pumps are noisy but easier to repair and install.

Surface pumps are mounted on a wooden base

Installation of submersible equipment

To equip a new well with a submersible pump, you need to know how to choose the right device. Criterias of choice:

• Well diameter: the pump must be free to sink into the borehole without touching the walls.
• The power of the device is calculated based on the flow rate of the source.
• The dimensions of the pump are compared with the water level in the barrel: the device must be completely hidden in the water.

In addition, it is necessary to connect the pump with a check valve. Fittings and adapters are used to connect to the outlet pipe. The safety cable is tied around the base with special ears: it will prevent the device from breaking into the barrel.

Connecting the submersible to the pipe

The equipment is lowered in the center of the casing pipe in a strictly vertical position. The minimum distance from the bottom is 70 - 100 cm, the height of the water above the top of the device is at least 100 cm. A hydraulic accumulator is installed in the caisson - a metal tank and automation that controls the condition of the equipment.

How to connect a hydraulic accumulator and automation

The procedure for arranging a well for water and equipping it with a tank and automation is schematically shown in the photo

A metal tank with a volume of up to 150 liters is installed in a caisson. The tank will protect the equipment from frequent switching on when opening taps in the house, and completely eliminate the possibility of the pump failing due to water hammer.

Automatic protection comprises:

• Pressure switch, switches.
• float system.

The float chambers are equipped with relays that open/close when the water level changes. Some pump models are supplied with factory float protection. Pressure switches control the water pressure indicator: when the pressure drops, the pump automatically turns on, when the preset indicator is exceeded, the equipment turns off.

Video: installation of the pumping group

A detailed video tutorial on arranging a water well with a pump.

Consultations of a specialist for those who decide to install expensive equipment on their own are mandatory. Errors at each stage can lead to equipment failure, and installation flaws can lead to the need to drill a new source.

Decorating the ground part: how to ennoble a well on a site

The final touch is decorating the head of the caisson and masking the wiring on the surface. Improvement of the output of the well does not require large investments and special knowledge. You can use all the remnants of building materials: boards, stones, river pebbles. The hatch can be closed with a decorative stone.

A plastic cover imitating stone will hide the hatch on the lawn

Fans of country-style decor will love the wooden windmill made of boards. This design is easy to install and masks the head of the well.

Inside the mill - the exit of the caisson to the surface

The top decorative cover for the winter can be insulated with a layer of foam, mineral wool or roll insulation. Decorating is the only stage when you can build a unique landscape corner without instructions and diagrams.

The lack of a centralized water supply is not a reason to forget about high-quality water supply and comfortable living in a private house. This is an occasion to think about your own. An autonomous source of water can become your reality even without the involvement of a professional team and fabulous costs, because practice proves that if you take every stage of well construction seriously, you can do all the work yourself. So, if you want to make your home independent in terms of water supply, then we offer to understand in detail with the video the main stages of organizing a well for water: from drilling to connecting automation.

Drilling a well

The first step is to create a well. Best for drilling shock-rope method A: It's simple but effective.

First, prepare the main working mechanism - a support tripod with a driving glass: weld from metal pipes tripod structure and use a winch with a special cable to fix the glass on it. The height of the support is determined by the length of the driving device used: the tripod should be 1.5-2 m higher than the glass.

Shock-rope well drilling technology

When the mechanism is assembled, start drilling:

• with pressure, drive the glass into the designated working area;
• take the soil with a glass;
• raise the glass and free it from the ground;
• repeat the steps until the required depth is obtained.

Advice. When determining the depth of the well, consider two factors: the level of occurrence of the aquifer in the adjacent area and your economic and domestic water needs.

After drilling, place the casing in the well. It can be either made of steel or plastic, but always with a threaded connection. It is also important to fix the pipe well - it should fit as tightly as possible to the ground.

We mount the caisson

In order for the well to successfully cope with its tasks, its contents must be protected from a number of negative external factors: siltation, freezing, penetration of groundwater. It is for this purpose that a caisson is used - a cylindrical product made of durable plastic or steel. The diameter and length of the device are selected individually for the dimensions of a particular well. But the thickness of the walls of the cylinder in any case should be no less than 5 mm.

Before installing the caisson, it is recommended to insulate it - the material used must be non-combustible. Additionally, it is desirable to protect the cylinder with bricks or plastic panels. These two measures will make the caisson more resistant to external influences and thereby increase its service life.

Metal caissons

The caisson is installed according to a simple scheme:

• cut a hole in the bottom of the cylinder of the same diameter as the previously fixed casing;
• lower and fix the caisson into the well - the product should protrude above the top of the well by no more than 15-20 cm;
• cut the casing pipe and weld it to the opening of the caisson.

Important! The caisson must have a sealed cover with prepared holes for pipes and other working equipment.

We fix the pump and filters

Next mandatory step- installation of the pump. Its role for an autonomous water supply system is extremely important - the device directly makes it possible to supply water from a well. When choosing a pump, focus on four factors:

• casing diameter used;
• well depth;
• pressure of water supply in the well;
• planned water costs.

Do not use pumping equipment whose power is higher than the productivity level of the well, otherwise during the operation of the water supply system you will encounter such an extremely negative phenomenon as the “dry” running of the pump.

Advice. Choose a pump with a diameter 15% smaller than the diameter of the installed casing - this way you will keep the possibility of convenient maintenance of the device.

Direct installation of the pump includes the following steps:

1. Fix a safety cable on the fixtures of the device - it will protect the pump from emergency lowering.
2. Install a check valve on the pump - thanks to it, the return flow of water will be blocked.
3. Connect the main water pipe to the device.
4. Connect the power cable to the pump. Using plastic clamps, fix the latter to the water pipe.
5. Lower the pump into the casing. Using a cable, fix the device at a height of about 1 m from the bottom of the well. Fix the other end of the cable to the top of the well.

Well construction

After arranging the pump, install coarse and fine cleaning. If necessary, they can be supplemented with softeners or carbon filters. These devices are mounted in a pipe, which will be responsible for the supply of water from the pumping equipment to the accumulator.

We install automation

Not a single individual water supply system can do without a whole range of auxiliary automatic devices that are designed to maintain its uninterrupted functioning. These include: a pressure gauge, a pressure level sensor, a relay - thanks to them, the system is started and the main indicators of its operation are regulated. All these devices are connected to a hydraulic accumulator, which, in fact, occupies a central place in the entire complex of auxiliary equipment.

The hydraulic accumulator is designed to provide a constant water pressure, protect the pumping device from water hammer, and also create a water reserve. Outwardly, it is a standard storage tank - it is regularly filled with water under pressure provoked by a pump.

To connect automatic devices to the accumulator, a fitting is used that has five outlets - one each for: a pressure gauge, a pressure level sensor, a relay, a water pipe and a pipe from the pump.

Autonomous water supply scheme

For management automatic devices already in the process of subsequent operation of the plumbing system, a remote control can be used - it must be included with the accumulator and connected devices.

So, before you are the main stages of arranging a well for water: drilling, installing a caisson and a pump with filters, as well as connecting automation. After carefully understanding each step and following all the procedures according to the instructions, you will receive an absolutely functional autonomous source that will provide you with water no worse than a centralized water supply system.

Arrangement of a well for water: video

Do-it-yourself well: photo

In the country, the organization of autonomous water supply is a very troublesome and responsible business. This is a whole range of activities, which includes drilling a well and its arrangement.
It is better to trust the first to specialists, especially in the case of planning to get water for drinking, and the second, perhaps, to do it yourself. When arranging a well for water, it is necessary to correctly install special devices to ensure a constant supply of water.

How to ensure the smooth operation of the well

How to properly equip a well can be clearly seen in the video. This article deals with general rules well construction for its normal, permanent operation.
This can be provided, which is an insulated waterproof container with the necessary equipment inside.
It usually installs:

• Pump.
• Locking fittings.
• Measuring instruments.
• Filters.
• All kinds of automatic devices.

Caissons are made from different materials.

Their advantages over other types of such devices are:

• Excellent thermal insulation. In this case, without additional insulation, the temperature inside the caisson is maintained at 5C.
• Long service life.
• Good waterproofing characteristics, eliminating the additional cost of insulating work.
• Reasonable price compared to other options.
• Light weight, which allows the owner of the site to mount the system, without additional involvement of lifting equipment.

The main disadvantage of the design is low rigidity. This can lead to deformation of the structure and equipment failure.

Tip: You can increase the rigidity of the structure by pouring a container around the perimeter with a cement mortar, with a layer thickness of 80 to 100 millimeters.

The most common arrangement of a water well with such a design.
This is due to the fact that:

• From the material, you can make a caisson of the desired shape without much effort.
• To do this, it is enough to weld the parts together.
• Treat the finished structure with a special anti-corrosion coating inside and out.
• For the manufacture of a reliable container, a metal sheet with a thickness of 4 mm is taken.
• If you have sufficient funds, you can purchase a finished design.

The disadvantage of steel structures is their reduced corrosion resistance.

Reinforced concrete caissons

Not so long ago, these were the most common settings. These are quite strong and durable devices. But, the existing shortcomings do not allow them to be widely used in the presence of other types of caissons.
These include:

• Very high cost.
• Installation can only be carried out using special equipment, due to the large weight of the equipment.
• The same reason is the subsidence of the concrete caisson during long-term operation. There is a deformation of the pipelines inside it.
• Concrete has low thermal insulation properties, which can cause freezing of water in the pump during severe frosts, and insufficient waterproofing due to the hygroscopicity of the material.

What scheme is used to install equipment in the caisson

The photo shows the approximate placement of devices in the caisson and bringing communications to them.

Work instructions include:

• Pit preparation. A hole is dug, with a diameter of 30 centimeters larger than the diameter of the caisson. The depth is calculated so that the neck of the structure rises about 15 cm above ground level. This will protect the tank from flooding during floods and heavy rainfall.
• Sleeve device. A hole is made in the bottom of the container. Traditionally, it can be centered or offset, for ease of installation of equipment. A sleeve 15 cm long and with a diameter larger than the casing pipe is welded to the hole.

Tip: Be sure to check the ease of putting the sleeve on the pipe.

• Installation of nipples through which water pipes are discharged. Parts are welded into the wall of the container.
• Caisson installation. The casing pipe is cut at ground level.
• The container is placed over the pit on the bars in such a way that the sleeve is “dressed” on the pipe at the bottom of the container.
• The coincidence of the axes of the caisson and the casing is controlled.
• The bars are carefully removed.
• The device is carefully lowered down the casing.
• The container is installed strictly vertically in the pit, and fixed with bars.
• A pipe is welded to the bottom, while the caisson is sealed.
• Through the nipples, water pipes are brought into the structure.

How to fill a building

Before the caisson is filled up, it is “put on” on the casing pipe and gently lowered into the pit.

Tip: Arrangement of a well is possible without a caisson, if there is a heated building near it, where equipment can be placed. In this case, all nodes are easily accessible, but they take up a lot of space in the room, and create a lot of noise.

How to choose and install a well pump

After installation in the country, you need to choose a model of a submersible pump. To begin with, its performance and maximum head are calculated.
This takes into account criteria such as:

• Well depth.
• What is the length of the plumbing.
• How many floors in the house.
• The number of draw points.

During installation, the pump is lowered into the well to a mark below the static water level.
Simultaneously with the pump, the following are lowered:

• A plastic pipe, through which water will flow upward.
• Corrosion-proof cable, for pump lowering insurance.
• Cable, to control the operation of the motor pump.
• The cable is fixed on the head of the well.

Tip: A pipe and cable can be brought into the house if automation systems and water-lifting equipment are placed directly in the room.

How to install a hydraulic accumulator

A hydraulic accumulator or pressure tank is installed in the basement of a house or in a caisson. Its volume can be from 10 to 1000 liters.
With the help of a hydraulic accumulator (see), a constant pressure in the system is maintained and, if necessary, the load on the pump is reduced. The device accumulates a supply of water, to replenish the reserves, the pump turns on automatically.

How to install and configure automation systems

The last stage of work on the arrangement of the well is the installation and configuration of the automation system, which includes a control panel and a pressure switch.
So:

• The relay allows you to set the desired pressure level in the system.
• The pump on/off control is carried out by the automation control panel. In addition, the remote control is needed to ensure the operation of the pressure switch, the "dry running" sensor and the thermal relay sensor. It also protects equipment from power surges.

Proper arrangement of the well will be the key to its long and proper operation.