Installing a pump in a well is a very important process, the correctness and quality of which depends on the duration of normal and uninterrupted operation of the equipment. The well pump is installed after the drilling and surface equipment of the well or well is completed.

Most often, there is not much space in suburban areas, so drilling a well is preferred to digging a well. The well itself does not take up much space, which cannot be said about the well, which is its huge advantage.

Water supply from the well can be carried out using the installation. In order to ensure the rise of water from the well, it will be necessary to install a borehole pump. In order to install a submersible pump with your own hands, you need to know the features of operation and connection of equipment.

The main characteristic properties of submersible pumping equipment are as follows:

• the possibility of creating a water pressure at the level at which its optimal extraction from the well and supply to the water supply system is ensured;
• high duration of uninterrupted operation;
• the cylindrical shape of the body, which provides a certain convenience during the installation process;
• some models are able to pump out from a well that has impurities in the form of sand and clay; such devices are made from materials that have high wear resistance.

Deep pumping equipment is different good quality manufacturing and a high degree of reliability. These qualities have allowed these devices to gain high popularity and become in demand among the owners of country houses and summer cottages.

The use of these has become a popular way of organizing autonomous water supply for country cottages and private houses.

The main advantages of submersible pumps:

• large depth of water intake;
• low technical complexity of the installation;
• lack of rubbing elements, which increases general term service and increases wear resistance;
• low noise level;
• long service life.

Due to the reliability of this equipment, maintenance and replacement of a submersible pump in the well are very rare.

The choice of pumping equipment for the well

The choice and installation of a borehole pump depends on a large number of factors:

• the location of the equipment;
• required pressure;
• coefficient of water pressure loss due to the occurrence of technological friction in the pipeline;
• the value of the pressure difference when turning off and on;
• equipment reliability;
• ease of use;
• cost of equipment.

For subsidiary farming and autonomous or suburban area submersible pumps are selected according to the following parameters:

• dimensions;
• the power of the available power supply;
• performance;
• price.

The main technical criteria of the well:

• immersion depth, which is measured in meters, the value of this parameter characterizes the height to which the deep pump should raise water;
• the volume of water that enters the well per hour - an indicator characterizing the flow rate of the well, is measured in cubic meters, in accordance with this criterion, the power is selected.

The productivity should not exceed the productivity of the well, while at the same time the capacity of the equipment is sufficient to raise the water to the required height.

The reliability and durability of the operation of downhole equipment primarily depends on the correct installation in the well.

If you have the necessary amount of knowledge and skills, you can connect the borehole pump yourself. For do-it-yourself installation, you need to thoroughly study the methods and technologies for carrying out installation work and connection.

Each model has its own connection features. For this reason, the manufacturer attaches an installation diagram to the pump. The connection diagram contains sequential instructions for installing and connecting the equipment to the mains.

When making the connection, strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions. This will avoid difficulties and errors during the installation of the pump and breakdowns during operation.

Preliminary installation work

Before lowering the pump into the well, all its parameters should be measured. Main technical parameters are:

• depth;
• static and dynamic water level.

If everything is immediately clear with the depth and width, then not everyone knows what the statistical and dynamic water levels are. These terms are most often known only to professionals.

The dynamic potential affects the power of the device used and determines how much water the well is capable of delivering per unit of time.

The statistic indicates to what minimum height the pumping unit is capable of lifting water. It indicates the distance from the surface of the earth to the water level.

Before installing the pump in the well, you should decide how often the pump will be used. If frequent use is expected, then it makes sense to bring a stationary power supply line for pumping equipment. In case of occasional use, it will be enough to use an extension cord with a socket to power the equipment.

When connecting an extension cord, please note that the power consumption of the device is quite high, so the extension cord must have a suitable cross section to prevent overheating and, as a result, a short circuit and fire.

Rules for the installation work

In order for the device to serve for a long time, when installing it, you must follow the connection technology. Before carrying out all installation operations, it is necessary to compare specifications pump with well characteristics for their correspondence to each other.

After comparing the characteristics, you should take care of providing the equipment with power. Depending on the pump model, you may need a single-phase or three-phase current. Before starting work on installing a submersible pump, you will need to prepare the following tools:

• safety rope;
• kit for creating a head;
• clamps made of stainless steel;
• hose;
• HDPE pipe;
• a set of necessary fittings;
• ball valve.

The cable and hose should be prepared so long that it is enough for the entire depth of the well.

Additionally, during installation, a voltage stabilizer is required. This is due to the high sensitivity of the equipment to voltage drops in the network.

If necessary, extend the cable for the power supply. The cable pieces should be connected to each other by soldering, this is required in order to improve the electrical contact between the cable pieces.

When building a cable, carefully connect the wires in accordance with their color.

A ball valve is installed at the exit of the pipe from the well and is used to regulate the flow.

It should be remembered that in the absence of water in the well, turning on the device in the power grid is prohibited.

Installation of equipment in the well

Before connection, the casing pipe is checked for irregularities, narrowing and curvature. All identified defects affect the functioning of the device and complicate the installation of the pumping apparatus.

Before installing a borehole pump, the well must be cleaned and pumped.

On the video, the installation of a downhole pump in a PVC casing pipe:

The pump may only be installed after preparatory work. In the process of connecting the pump, if its design does not provide for a check valve, it is recommended to install it yourself.

For convenience, the hose, power cable and safety cable are connected together with electrical tape. To seal the well, a head is installed on the surface, to which a safety cable is attached, and the pipe and cable for power supply are brought out.

The pipe is connected to an autonomous water supply system. The laying of water supply from the house to the well should be carried out underground at least 1.5 m deep in order to prevent it from freezing in winter.

Pipes are connected without the use of threaded connections, which reduces the level of impact on structural elements of corrosion processes that damage metal structural elements.

If there is a well personal plot it is possible to provide the house with a full-fledged water supply, for this it is enough to install an inexpensive submersible pump of the “Kid” type in the well and install a pipeline system.

The submersible pump is installed directly into the water, immersed in a well or well, the pump motor does not overheat, as it is cooled directly in the water. The pump can be used all year round, being in a well in water, it is protected from freezing.
There are several types of submersible pumps for wells.
The most reliable and cheap vibration pumps, the vibration pump consists of a core with a winding and a rod with a piston that moves and sucks water into the inlet chamber and then pushes it into the pipeline. A simple pump mechanism with proper operation will last a very long time.
The most popular models of vibration pumps are "Kid", "Summer Resident", "Brook", "Aquarius", "Harvest".
Centrifugal submersible pumps - have an elongated shape in the form of a pipe, the design consists of a stainless steel housing, less often plastic, an electric motor and impellers.
Centrifugal submersible pumps are designed primarily for wells, and therefore have a narrow shape, they are more productive, they can also be used in wells. The cost of such pumps is several times higher than vibration pumps.
Which well pump to choose?
As practice shows, an inexpensive vibration pump is quite enough to pump water from a well. The depth of water in the wells is on average about 10 meters, and the volume of water is about 3 m³, the head of the vibration pump, depending on the model, is about 40 meters, so this type of pump can fully cope with pumping water from the well.
When buying a pump, you need to pay attention to the fasteners on the housing, very often manufacturers put ordinary metal bolts instead of galvanized ones, as a result, after 2 to 3 years of operation in water, the fasteners rust, the seals weaken and begin to let water inside the housing, as a result, the circuit and the pump can throw away.
Centrifugal submersible pumps have a noticeably higher performance compared to vibration pumps, the pump head is more than 100 meters, so they are used in deep wells and wells. If the water level in the well is not more than 1.5 meters, then it is not recommended to use a long-shaped centrifugal borehole pump.
How to install a submersible pump in a well.
The submersible pump is installed in the well in a suspended state using a galvanized cable, which is attached to a metal transverse frame or just a piece of a channel mounted on the head of the well.
The pump is connected to check valve using a fitting, we connect a pipe to the valve through a coupling.
The non-return valve prevents the return of water from the pipe to the well when the pump is turned off, due to this, when it is turned on again, there is already water in the tube and the load on the pump is reduced.
We attach the electrical cable coming from the pump to the pipe with plastic clamps in increments of 1 meter, so that it does not hang out in the well shaft. We attach the pump to the cable.
We carefully and slowly lower the pump with a cable, cable and pipe into the well shaft, it is more convenient to do it together. To lower the pump, you need to hold on only to the cable. When the pump hits the bottom, it must be raised from the bottom upwards by 25 - 30 cm, such a distance is necessary so that the pump does not also capture sand from the bottom of the well when taking in water.
In this position, when the pump is in the water at a distance of 25 cm from the bottom of the well, the tensioned cable is fixed to the mounting frame on the head of the well.
A submersible pump in a well is quite enough to provide water to a house or cottage, for summer shower and watering a small garden.
Although submersible pumps are not designed for automatic water supply systems, there are pumping stations for this, but they can also be connected to a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch.

Many owners of private houses, suburban areas, without access to central water supply, use wells or boreholes to provide water for everyday life.

For household needs, for watering the garden, the need for a large amount of water is obvious. Of course, it is possible to raise water from a well with a bucket, but with a large consumption, this is a rather laborious process. But how to bring water into the house? To solve the problem of raising water from the source, pumps are installed.

1 Characteristics and types of pumps

To organize an effective rise of water from a well or a well, the depth of which is more than 10 m, and which are located at some distance from the house, a submersible well pump is used. They are more productive than surface pumps, they raise water by 60-90 m under pressure, spending less energy on it.

The body of the unit is sealed, because the device is installed directly in the well, unlike surface devices that need protection from precipitation and exposure environment. They are also silent in operation, only the clicking of the relay is heard. In the cold season, the water apparatus immersed in the well does not freeze, it always works stably under any weather conditions.

In wells, several types of devices are used, which differ in the principle of operation. As a rule, in wells with a small depth, vibration pumps are used, with a greater depth, centrifugal pumps are used.

1.1 Vibrating

vibration devices. This type of machine has no rotating parts. In the middle of the case there is a core with a winding. The electric current supplied to the core forms an electromagnetic field around it. Under the influence of the field, a rod is attracted, which is fastened to the piston. A vacuum is formed in the intake chamber, and water enters it. The electromagnetic field disappears, and the rod, returning to its place, closes the valve at the inlet to the apparatus. The pressure of the piston pushes the water into the chamber behind the piston. When the rod is attracted to the core, water will flow into the pipeline.

The work of the rod is the vibrations from which the name of the devices came - vibration. This type of pump is not recommended for use in wells built on floating water, because vibrations adversely affect fragile soils. Also, the pump should be located at a distance from the bottom of the source, so that small particles of sand under the action of vibrations are not sucked into the pump. They are not high performance. However, they are considered reliable because they do not have parts that can overheat due to friction. But still centrifugal models more efficient.

1.2 Centrifugal

Centrifugal devices have a different device and principle of operation. In the casing there is an impeller with blades curved against the movement of the impeller. Inside there is also a motor that drives the impeller with a shaft. Rotating, the impeller creates a centrifugal force, under the influence of which water is sucked into the pump and then pushed into the pipeline. In the middle of the impeller, a reduced pressure is created, and at the periphery, an increased one. Due to the pressure difference, the liquid first enters the center, and then upwards, into the pipeline.

The submersible pump should only be used fully submerged in water to avoid "dry running". It will also save you from power surges or other emergencies. These devices are equipped with automatic equipment, signaling a decrease in the water level.

For the manufacture of the case of centrifugal devices, plastic or stainless steel is used; stainless steel devices are more durable and expensive. Such pumps can pump liquid containing sand particles up to 185 g/m 3 . They have high performance.

2 Features to consider when choosing a pump

When choosing a deep electric pump, you should pay attention to its technical characteristics.

2.1 Performance

The performance of the device is the volume of water in liters that it pumps per unit of time.

The required capacity of the machine depends on the water consumption. Water consumption is equal to the needs of residents in water. It is determined by adding the fluid flow from all consumers, for example, a bath, a washbasin, washing machine, toilet bowl, etc.

It is believed that for 1 person the rate of water consumption from a simple water pipe is 95 l / day. Using the bathroom increases the consumption to 150 liters, and the water heater - up to 190 liters. A shower increases consumption to 250 liters, an autonomous heating system - up to 360 liters / day, or 15 liters / hour.

However, these figures do not show real consumption liquids, because plumbing fixtures do not work all at the same time. For the device, it is only important to provide water to all points of consumption during peak hours, when residents want to cook food, wash dishes, take a bath, water the garden.

2.2 Head

The required pressure of the submersible apparatus is affected by the depth of the well, the surface of the water, the remoteness of the well from the house. To calculate this indicator, there is a formula:

H tr \u003d H geo + H losses + H free, where

• - H tr - pump pressure;
• - Н geo - difference between the depth of the source and the highest point in the pipeline;
• - H losses - the amount of pressure loss due to fluid friction in the pipeline. When calculating it, corner elements, tees, pipe material are taken into account.
• - H free - free pressure, necessary for the normal use of plumbing.

2.3 Power

The pressure also depends on the power of the mechanism. This characteristic indicates the amount of work produced by the device per unit of time. The more power, the higher the pressure created by the engine and the more liquid the pump pumps out. However, a well pump that is too powerful can also create problems. With excessively high pressure, it is inconvenient to use water. And when pumping out an excessive volume of liquid, the device will often turn off, which will affect its service life.

2.4 Other characteristics

Most models of pumps are small in size, which allows them to be used for both wells and wells.

When choosing a pump, its mass is also taken into account, because it must be lifted occasionally for cleaning.

The efficiency of the device is also an important characteristic.

3 Installation of a submersible pump

Different models of pumps have different properties, designs, characteristics. But installing a pump in a well, its principles are approximately the same for all mechanisms.

Installation of a submersible pump in a well should begin with digging a trench for the pipeline, making holes in the foundation of the house for pipes and cables. Then the pump is lowered into the source. Then you can install the battery, relay, and connect the cable.

3.1 Necessary materials and tools

Before starting work, you should draw up an installation diagram and select the pipe material. Popular today pvc pipes they are comfortable and practical. It is also necessary to prepare tools and materials:

• shovel, crowbar;
• puncher or electric drill;
• a hammer;
• tape measure, pencils, square;
• hacksaw for metal, grinder;
• pipe cutters, pipe benders;
• profile pieces;
• metal cable;
• pipes.

3.2 Trench preparation

Installing a submersible pump in a well begins with laying a trench. For the pipeline, it is desirable to choose a section where the pipes can be laid straight, without bends. The advantages of this are that:

They dig a trench about 1 - 1.5 m and a width of 0.5 m. The bottom of the trench is freed from foreign particles. Next, a layer of sand 10-20 cm thick is laid, which is covered with a geotextile sheet. They then wrap the pipes.

3.3 How to lay the water supply?

For plumbing, metal or polymer pipes are used, made of stainless steel or, if it is a polymer, then plastic and polypropylene. Sometimes a garden hose is used instead of pipes, but it is only suitable for temporary use, for summer plumbing.

Pipes are laid in a trench and connected. It is desirable to insulate the water supply by wrapping it with a heat insulator and placing it in an asbestos or sewer pipe. This design is laid in a trench. Insulation protects the water supply from negative external influences.

A hole is punched in the wall of the well for the pipe to enter. A sleeve is inserted into it, fixed with concrete and sealed. Then a layer of mastic is applied for waterproofing. The end of the pipe is inserted into the sleeve by 25 cm, a valve is installed on it for emergency draining of the liquid. The distance from the tap to the pump is measured and a pipe of the appropriate length is prepared.

3.4 Mounting the pump

How to install a pump in a well? Submersibles are lowered into the well on nylon or galvanized cables. It is not recommended to lower the pump into the source on steel cables, they quickly become unusable. The cable should be fixed with a strong steel frame. It is made from a corner. A hole is made in the frame through which a fixed cable is pulled.

The pump is placed at the end of the pipe, and the cable along it. If the pump does not have a check valve, it is installed on the outlet. A coupling is attached to the valve, and then a pipe. The cable is attached to the pipe with clamps or electrical tape. The wire must be firmly fixed, but not stretched.

3.5 How to lower the pump?

Installation of the pump in the well ends with the lowering of the apparatus with a cable and cable into the casing. Lowered to the desired depth, the pump is fixed with a cable for a steel frame. Next, the pipe should be connected to the tee sanitary ware. To do this, go down into the well shaft.

3.6 Do-it-yourself installation of a borehole pump (video)

4 Pump replacement

Replacing the pump in the well is necessary in the following cases:

• rupture of the fastening cable;
• incorrect selection of equipment (power or performance does not meet the requirements);
• cable pulling;
• wedging mechanisms;
• water leak.

4.1 Workflow

Replacing the pump in the well takes place in several stages. First, turn off the device from the power supply. Unscrew the fasteners and slowly remove the previously installed pump.

The next step is to install new hardware. How to fix the pump in the well is described above. The device is fixed on the pipe, the cable is connected, the wires are soldered, the coupling is installed and the pump is lowered into the well.

Laying communications is one of the most important problems for owners of country houses. The issue of water supply is no exception. It is solved, as a rule, with the help of a well in which the pump is installed.

How to properly install the pump in the well will be discussed in our article.

Types of pumps used

To begin with, we will consider two main types of pumps that are used to lift water:

1. Surface devices- they are installed outside the well. They have a very affordable price, but at the same time, they are not able to pump water from great depths. Therefore, they are rarely used in wells;

1. Submersible devices- placed directly in the water. Unlike the previous species, they are able to get liquid from great depths. This explains their widespread use in wells. In addition, they are protected from overheating, as they are cooled by the water passing through them.

Advice!
Purchase models equipped with a float switch.
It automatically stops the device if the water level becomes too low.
This prevents the device from running dry and its subsequent failure.

Pump installation procedure

As already mentioned, the most popular are submersible pumps. Therefore, below we will talk specifically about their installation.

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Preparatory work

Installation of a well pump begins with preparatory work. First of all, a recess is dug from the edge of the well to the wall of the house. Then a hole is made in the wall of the well at the level of the trench.

After that, the ditch is cleared of stones and other foreign objects. Further, a layer of sand 10 centimeters thick is poured there. It will serve as a pillow on which the pipe will subsequently be laid.

Then, the sleeve is taken and installed with its own hands in the previously made hole. Its diameter should be slightly larger than the circumference of the pipe, and the length should be 0.5 meters.

For the purposes of subsequent installation, a polyethylene pipe is purchased, as well as fittings, couplings and a connecting elbow. For cutting PVC pipes, you will need special scissors. In case of absence, they can be replaced with a hacksaw.

Advice!
Make sure that the diameter of the pipe and all connecting elements matches the size of the pump outlet.
Otherwise, you will not be able to connect the pipe.

A few hours before the start of installation, we straighten the pipe. This will make the subsequent installation process easier.

Pipe connection

The installation of the pump in the well continues with the connection of the pipe. To do this, first determine the distance between the point of the proposed placement of the pump and the hole in the wall of the well.

A tube is passed through the sleeve into the well, which is then brought to the surface again and laid out on the ground along its entire length. Along it is placed the cable coming from the pump.

If the pump is not equipped with a built-in non-return valve, then it must be connected and the coupling secured. Next, a chamfer is removed from the tube, after which it is attached to the device. Then, every 50 cm, an electric cable is attached to the pipe with electrical tape.

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Pump mount

Installation of a submersible pump in the well is completed by fixing it. For this, a cable is used, which is inserted into the eyes of the device and fixed at the top of the well.

The pipe is insulated and insulated. The apparatus is then lowered into the water.

Advice!
The device, being inside the well, should not come into contact with its walls.
This may damage the product.

The cable is fixed in such a way that it is he who, and not the pipe, holds the entire mass of the suspended structure. Otherwise, it will be damaged.

It is possible that you will not be able to install from the outside. In this case, you will have to solve the problem of how to install the pump in the well in a different way, namely, to go down inside the well.

A ladder is used to go down. It goes down to the required level, after which a bar is placed under one of the upper rungs, which should rest on the edges of the well.

For safety purposes, we use a strong rope, which should be tied around ourselves at the level of the torso. After that, you can get to work. The first step is to lower the pump string. Then, with the help of a knee, it is connected to the tube coming out of the sleeve.

Additional devices

The pump installation instructions would be incomplete without mentioning additional devices, the installation of which allows you to end up with a full-fledged pumping station.

These include:

• Hydro-storage tank - it is needed to maintain a constant pressure in the water supply. In addition, thanks to its use, you do not often have to turn on the pump. And in the event of a power outage, it will serve as an emergency source of water supply. The larger the volume of this tank, the better, although it is worth considering that the price of a product with a larger volume will be higher;
• Pressure switch - this device turns on the pump when the water level in the accumulator decreases below the minimum value. After reaching the upper mark, the relay automatically turns off the pump.

Conclusion

All pumps are divided into two types

• superficial and,
• submersible.

The most popular is the second variety, which is installed deep in the well. Its installation begins with digging a trench and making a hole in the wall of the well.

The first section of the pipe is passed through this opening, to which, with the help of a knee, the second section is connected, leading to the pump. The whole structure is suspended on a cable fixed at the top of the well.

To equip a full-fledged plumbing in country house or in the country it is not enough just to dig a well with good water, it is also necessary to organize the delivery of this water to the house or to other water points. If the depth of the well exceeds 8 - 10 m, and the well itself is located at a distance from the house, a submersible pump for the well is used to supply water. Such units can supply water to a height of up to 60 - 90 m under pressure, spending much less energy than surface pumps. Also, an indisputable advantage of submersible pumps for wells is the relative silence of their operation, you can only hear how the relay clicks. During winter operation, the submerged pump is protected from freezing, and it works more stably and smoothly at any time of the year. The most important thing when operating a submersible pump is to choose the right model for your needs and correctly install the pump in the well, firmly fixing it in a suspended state, and also observe some nuances.

Choosing a submersible pump for a well

The main difference between a submersible pump and a surface pump is that the submersible pump operates completely immersed in water, which cools the engine and the body of the unit. When the water level in the well drops to a critical level, the pump turns off to avoid the so-called "dry run" and not overheat. For operation in wells, both well pumps and borehole pumps can be used. They are arranged almost the same and differ only in shape, size and price. The submersible price for a pump for a well is slightly lower than for a borehole pump. This is mainly due to the fact that the well pump has an elongated cylindrical shape and a small diameter so that it can be immersed in a narrow well. But for a well, this is rather a disadvantage. To install a submersible pump, there is a rule that the water level above the pump and below must be at least 1 m. If you use a borehole pump 90 cm long and the well is shallow, then it is almost impossible to comply with this requirement. In any case, if you install the pump in a vertical position. But, despite this, borehole pumps are used in wells even more often than well pumps, simply by choosing the right sizes.

In total, there are several types of pumps that can be used in wells, these are centrifugal pumps, vortex, screw and vibration. They differ in the principle of operation.

The main difference between vibration pumps is that they do not have rotating parts and elements. Inside the pump housing there is a core with a winding. As soon as current is applied to the core, an electromagnetic field is formed around it. This field attracts the rod attached to the piston. At this time, water is sucked into the intake chamber, as a vacuum is created in it. After a fraction of a second, the electromagnetic field disappears, the rod returns to its original place. At this moment, the check valve at the inlet to the pump closes and, under the action of the pressure of the piston, water from the inlet chamber is pushed into the chamber behind the piston. When the next time the rod with the piston is attracted to the core, the water from the chamber behind the piston will be pushed into the pipeline leading to the consumer.

All movements of the rod, in fact, are vibrations, from which the name of the pumps comes from - vibration. These vibrations are not capable of harming the well, since there are no parts in it that can collapse. But if the well is built on quicksand, then the use of vibration pumps is not recommended, as they negatively affect fragile soils. Also, if the pump is not located too far from the bottom of the well, then it is likely that with its vibrations it will lift fine dusty sand particles from the bottom and suck them in. As a result, dirty water will flow from the tap. In other cases, vibration pumps can be safely installed in wells.

Vibration pumps are a cheap category, which is why summer residents often choose them for temporary use. It produces a vibration submersible pump for a well in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and China. The most common models are "Baby", "Brook", "Brook-1", "Harvest", "Aquarius", "Summer resident" and others. The average price of such pumps is $50.

Vibratory pumps are considered reliable as they have no parts that can overheat from friction, no rotating parts, and no bearings that need to be lubricated. However, a more solid choice would be a centrifugal well pump.

Centrifugal pumps have a fundamentally different structure and work differently. Inside the pump housing there is an impeller, on which the blades are fixed, which are bent against the movement of the impeller. Also inside there is a motor that drives the impeller with a shaft. As a result of the rotation of the impeller, a centrifugal force arises, which sucks water into the pump and pushes it to the outlet of the pump into the pipeline. In the middle of the impeller, a reduced pressure is formed, and closer to the walls of the blades - on the periphery - on the contrary, an increased pressure is formed. Under the influence of this pressure difference, water is pumped first to the center, and then goes up to the pipeline.

The centrifugal submersible pump must only be operated completely submerged in water. "Dry run" must not be allowed. Also, immersion in water is its thermal protection not only from “dry running”, but also from an accidental power surge or other emergency. Therefore, centrifugal submersible pumps are equipped with special automation or floats that signal a drop in water level to a critical level.

The housing of submersible centrifugal pumps can be made of plastic or stainless steel. More expensive and durable models are stainless steel pumps. They are not afraid of abrasive particles, sand and have excellent operational characteristics. Also, the advantage of such pumps is the ability to pump water with a sand content of up to 185 g/m3.

The price range for centrifugal submersible pumps is quite large: from $80 up to 700 USD depending on quality and manufacturer. It produces submersible pumps for wells in Italy, Germany, Denmark, China, Russia and Ukraine. The most expensive and reliable pumps are Italian Pedrollo and ZDS, Germanic Wilo and Danish Grundfos. Budget, but high-quality units are produced by domestic Water cannon. But whether or not to buy a Chinese-made pump is up to you. Perhaps it makes sense to buy a domestic pump, it will be no less reliable.

What performance submersible pump to choose

The required performance of the pump depends entirely on the flow of water in the water supply. It should equal or be slightly more than the needs of residents in the water. You can determine the required water flow by summing the flow from different consumers, for example, a washbasin, a kitchen sink, a shower and a washing machine. First you need to make a list of all plumbing fixtures that will be used, then look in table 1 for the value of water flow through them and sum them up.

The next step is to determine the actual flow rate per unit of time. After all, the inclusion of all plumbing fixtures at the same time is unlikely. Therefore, the real consumption will be less, it can be seen in table 2. Sometimes, instead of tables, the real consumption is determined by multiplying the consumption of all consumers by 0.6 - 0.8. This means that 60 - 80% of plumbing fixtures will work at the same time. But this way is not entirely correct, especially when it comes to the water supply of a large mansion, where there may be many plumbing fixtures, but few residents.

In the tables, the data are indicated in l / h, and in the characteristics of the pump, most often in m3 / h, so the resulting value must be multiplied by 3.6.

Pump performance calculation example:

If there are such plumbing fixtures in the house:

• Electric water heater - 0.1 l/s;
• Shower with mixer - 0.09 l/s;
• Watering tap - 0.3 l / s;
• Sink in the kitchen - 0.15 l / s;
• Wash basin - 0.09 l/s;
• Toilet - 0.1 l / s.

Let's summarize consumers' expenses: 0.1+0.09+0.3+0.15+0.09+0.1=0.83 l/s.

The value of 0.83 l / s corresponds to the value of 0.48 l / s according to table 2. We translate the value into m3 / h: 0.48 * 3.6 \u003d 1.73 m3 / h. If the pump capacity is indicated in l / h, then 0.48 * 3600 \u003d 1728 l / h ≈ 1700 l / h.

Among the entire range of submersible pumps for wells, suitable models can be distinguished Pedrollo 4SR 2m/7 productivity 2 m3/h, 63 Aquarius NVP-0.32-63U with a capacity of 1.8 m3 / h and a Chinese unit 80 Aquatica 96 (80 m)- 2 m3/h. It is possible to more accurately determine the model of a suitable pump only after head calculations.

Determining the head of a submersible pump

The required pressure of a submersible pump depends on the depth of the well, the water surface and the distance of the well from the house. To calculate the pressure, use the formula:

Htr- the required pressure of the submersible pump for the well;

Hgeo- height difference between the depth of the well and the highest point in the water supply system;

Hloss- the sum of all pressure losses in the pipeline from the friction of water on the material of the water supply system, in swivel joints and tees. This indicator is calculated individually for each project, which takes into account the number of tees, corner elements in the pipeline, pipe material. We will not bother too much and just add 25% to the calculations for losses.

Hfree- free pressure required for comfortable use of plumbing. So that when you open the tap there is a normal pressure, and not a thin stream. This indicator is usually taken 12 - 20 m, the minimum allowable value is 5 m.

An example of calculating the head of a submersible pump:

If the water supply in the house is arranged in this way:

• Well depth - 10 m;
• The height of the water in the well is 3 m from the top;
• Pump immersion depth - 8.5 m;
• The well is located at a distance from the house - 10 m;
• The house is two-storey, water supply to the second floor is 5 m.

Total, Hgeo=8.5+5=13.5 m.

We calculate the loss in a horizontal pipeline as follows: for every 10 m of a horizontal pipeline, 1 m of pressure is lost and we add 20%, i.e. head loss will be equal to:

Hloss=1+2=3 m.

Let's take 20 m.

Total Htr=13.5+3+20=36.5 m.

Conclusion: we need a submersible pump with a capacity equal to or greater than 1728 l / h and a head of 36 - 40 m. The following pumps correspond to these characteristics: 63 Aquarius NVP-0.32-63U,25 Sprut 90QJD 109-0.37, 80 Aquatica 96, 45 Pedrollo 4SR 2m/7 and many others. Almost all submersible pumps have a head of more than 40 m. As the reviews show on submersible pumps for wells, it is best to use Italian Pedrollo pumps, they have the smallest percentage of breakdowns.

Pump dimensions and other amenities

When choosing a submersible pump for a well, pay attention to its dimensions. As a rule, the diameter of the pump does not matter, but the length significantly affects the safety of operation. For example, if our well has the characteristics as described in the example above - a depth of 10 m, and water starts already from 3 m from the top, then any pumps can be used in it, including long borehole submersible pumps 90 cm long and more. After all, both above and below the pump there will be a sufficient layer of water. If there is not much water in the well, for example, only 1.5 m from the bottom to the top of the water, then long pumps cannot be used. In such cases, it is necessary to pay attention to submersible well pumps.

Compared to well pumps, submersible well pumps have better cooling and are less sensitive to sand and other solids. In addition, they are equipped with float switches that protect the unit from "dry running".

In submersible pumps for a well, the water intake hole is located at the bottom, there is also a filter that protects against large solid particles entering inside. But there are also models with a pipe that sucks water from the surface layer of water, a floating filter is installed on it, which is supported by a float. This is the most convenient pump option for a well with a small amount of water. Also, a similar intake method prevents the situation when sand is sucked from the bottom of the well.

After buying a submersible pump for a well, the question arises of how to install it in a well and how to conduct plumbing. In fact, these tasks are not so difficult, although there are some nuances that must be observed. It is better to install the pump together or even three together, a well is such a thing, you never know, and there will always be a safety net.

Excavation

First of all, even before the pump is directly installed in the well, it is necessary to stretch the water supply leading from the well to the house. To do this, we dig a trench from the house to the well. It is desirable that the trench does not have turns and bends, but is flat, this will ensure minimal pressure loss. The depth of the trench should be below the freezing level of the soil, i.e. approximately 1 - 1.5 m.

So, we dig a trench 1.5 m deep and 40 - 50 cm wide. At the bottom of the trench there should be no sharp stones, glass and construction debris. We carry out a sand pillow - we fill the bottom of the trench with sand with a layer of 15 - 20 cm. Next, you need to spread the geotextile in which the water pipe will be wrapped. Now you can start laying pipes.

Laying of water pipes

For street water supply, several types of pipes can be used - steel pipes, metal-plastic, stainless, polypropylene and ordinary garden hoses. The latter are suitable only for temporary water supply, which will be used to water the garden or garden in the spring and summer season. Steel pipes are susceptible to corrosion and there is a lot of trouble with them, so they use polypropylene pipes, stainless or metal-plastic.

• We connect the pipe segments to each other in length from the house to the well.
• Then we wrap them with heat-insulating material and put them into a pipe of a larger diameter. Usually use either asbestos pipe, or a plastic sewer pipe. In fact, the "sandwich" pipe-in-pipe system serves as protection against mechanical stress and protects the heat-insulating material from destruction.

• We lay the resulting sandwich pipe in a trench and mark the places for inserting the water pipe into the well and into the wall of the house. Next, you can temporarily remove the pipe to make holes in the wall of the well and the wall of the house or foundation.
• A hole with a diameter of 15 cm is cut out in the wall of the well. Inside, we insert a sleeve with a length of at least 0.5 m, cover the hole around the sleeve with a cement-sand mortar, and after drying, we waterproof it with bituminous mastic.
• Again we lay the pipe in the trench and draw its end through the sleeve. The water pipe must extend into the well at least 25 cm.

• At the end of the water pipe, we install a drain valve with a tee. A drain valve will come in handy in case of emergency draining of water from the water supply system. Turning the pipe down leads it to the pump installation site.

• Next, you need to calculate the distance from the drain tap to the installation site of the submersible pump and cut off a segment of the water pipe of this length.

We proceed to the installation of a submersible pump.

The submersible pump is suspended in the well with a cable. Since the end of the cable must be fixed to something, we first make a mounting frame. The easiest way is to weld a square frame from a 50x50 mm steel corner, which will be installed on the head of the well. A hole is made in one of the corners through which the end of the cable will be pulled and then fixed.

• We lay the pump at the end of the pipe section, which will connect the pump to the tee leading to the pipeline.
• We unwind the electrical cable connecting the pump to the network and lay it next to the pipe.
• Then we install a check valve on the pump outlet, if it is not installed at the factory. In this case, we use packing sanitary ware.
• We attach a plastic or brass coupling to the check valve.

• We attach the pipe to the coupling.
• Next, the electrical cable must be attached to the water pipe so that it does not hang out in the well. To do this, it can be tied to the pipe with electrical tape in increments of 0.5 m or plastic clamps can be used. It is necessary to wind the electrical cable with a slight sag.
• To suspend the pump in the well, you can use a steel cable, galvanized cable or nylon cable. It is pointless to use steel - it will quickly rust. Therefore, there are only two options - galvanized and kapron. You can take any. We thread the safety cable into the lugs on the head of the pump and fix it.
• Having laid it all out in a straight line: a pipe, an electric cable and a safety cable, we begin to slowly lower the pump into the well. This will require at least two people. Carefully lower the pump into the well, holding it by the safety cable. Lifting the pump by the power cable is prohibited.

• When the pump descends to the required depth, it is necessary to fasten the second end of the safety cable to our frame. To do this, the end is threaded through the hole and fixed.

• Now you need to connect the vertical pipe with a tee. To do this, someone must go down into the well and connect them with an American with tow and sanitary paste.
• The electrical cable is brought out through the top or also led into the trench if it is planned to lead it into the house in this way.

After installing the pump in the well, you can start laying the pipeline through the foundation and leading it to the installation site of the plumbing equipment - a hydraulic accumulator, filters and a boiler. When all the pipes are installed, the pipeline in the trench is wrapped in geotextile, covered with sand with a layer of 10 cm, and then covered with soil.

To automate the operation of a submersible pump and make it more comfortable, an automation relay (pressure switch) and a hydraulic accumulator are used.

The accumulator is a membrane tank, which is partly filled with water and partly with air. When the water tank fills up, the air pressure increases; when there is less water, the air pressure drops. In fact, the accumulator is a transshipment point for water between the well and consumers. To prevent the pump from turning on every time the tap of the plumbing fixture opens, a hydraulic accumulator is used. Its capacity is enough for several hours of use.

When the air pressure in the accumulator drops to a critical level, the pressure switch is activated and turns on the pump, which immediately fills the accumulator with water. As soon as the container is full, the pressure switch will give a signal to turn off the pump.

The pressure switch and the accumulator are installed indoors. The relay is installed horizontally from above so that condensate does not flow inside. The electrical cables leading to the relay are protected by a corrugation. The pressure switch is connected through an RCD with a leakage current of 10 mA and a 6 A cut-off switch.

Installing a submersible pump in a well is associated with only one difficulty - the fact that it is necessary to go down into the well to the level of the sleeve in order to connect the pipes. But this can be avoided if a flexible hose or pipe is used for the pipeline. Then all the work can be done from above without going down. Also note that if you do not have the opportunity to conduct water supply below the freezing level of the soil, then you can not bury the pipes, but wrap them with a heating cable so that they do not freeze.