Impregnation primers deep penetration, for example, "Tex Universal", and the like, are intended for priming concrete, plastered, plasterboard, brick, wood and other porous surfaces before subsequent painting with water-dispersion paints, puttying, cladding ceramic tiles and wallpaper stickers inside dry rooms and rooms with high humidity, such as: kitchens, bathrooms, corridors and others. It is recommended for facade priming before applying "Paints for outdoor work VDAK-101 class" Tex Universal ".
As you can see from the description of the purpose of the Tex Universal impregnating deep penetration primer, it is not intended to protect concrete structures from capillary penetration of water into the foundation body.
Not so long ago in capital construction in order to protect concrete structures and structures, such as: foundations, underground and hydraulic structures, tunnels, pools and others - from the destructive effects of soil, thawed, Wastewater and aggressive environments, the technologies of gluing and coating waterproofing were mainly used. At the same time, the work was reduced to a waterproofing device using welded materials with their subsequent protection from mechanical influences. That is, a waterproof coating is created on the surface of the concrete structure. The main problem that arises during the further operation of the concrete structure is as follows: in the event of a possible destruction of such a coating, nothing prevents water from penetrating deep into the concrete mass, into the structure through existing capillaries.
Currently, without disregarding the old methods, new ones are being used, for example, penetrating waterproofing. The fundamental difference between the technology of penetrating waterproofing and traditional methods is the formation of a waterproofing layer not on the surface of concrete, but in its mass. Thanks to this, the protection will not be damaged by any impact on the surface of the concrete structure. In addition, treatment can be performed on any side of the structure (including towards the leak) and on wet concrete, which makes it possible to repair leaks in buried rooms very simply.
The service life of penetrating waterproofing is comparable to the service life of the concrete itself. This is due to the work of penetrating materials not on its surface, but inside, as an integral part of the concrete mass. The crystals formed in the capillary channels are chemically and biologically resistant, maintaining water tightness under the influence of aggressive environments.
An example of such penetrating waterproofing is the materials of the Penetron group, which, after application, become an integral part of concrete, forming with it a single mass that resists impact. external environments. Waterproofing and protective system Penetron is 100% compatible with concrete.
Concrete structures, as you can see from the car window when driving over a bridge over a river or canal, also work in the aquatic environment. However, they were not built from the concrete from which you made the foundation of your summer house. Due to prolonged exposure to moisture, especially in the autumn-spring period, when alternate freezing and thawing of moisture occurs in the mass of concrete, the foundation structure will become unusable. In addition, moisture from the foundation will be sucked in by structures located above, with all the ensuing results.
To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to install drainage systems, which are divided according to the purpose of drainage into:

1. wall water-reducing drainage systems designed to compensate negative impacts groundwater on the foundations of buildings and structures, such as:

• crack formation in structures;


• deformation phenomena;


• Uneven sedimentation of soil under the sole;


• corrosive phenomena due to the aggressiveness of water;


• flooding of basements and basements.

1. stormwater linear drainage systems designed to collect rain and melt water from roofs and blind areas of buildings with their subsequent diversion by gravity or by means of a drainage pump.


2. areal drainage systems for the surface of the site, designed to prevent the flooding of the territory by the upper waters formed as a result of snow melting and large amounts of rainfall.

Added: 02/21/2012 01:36

Forum discussion:

It was advised to treat the strip foundation with a deep penetration primer for concrete surfaces "Tex", is there any benefit from such treatment? There is water under the foundation, because. the groundwater level is high, will the foundation not collapse because of this, what and how can I do to divert water from under the foundation?

Despite the fact that modern concretes are highly durable, they remain subject to different kind corrosion. In most cases, this is the impact of aggressive chemical environments and groundwater contaminated with acids and alkalis.

Also, do not forget about acid rain, which often falls in industrial areas. It is also slowly destroyed due to exposure to sulfates and phosphates, chlorides and other strong electrolytes.

If the foundation is built above the freezing zone, then it is also affected by strong pressure from the frozen soil, uneven displacement of the layers occurs and the sole is deformed.

Types of concrete corrosion

• First view. The destruction of concrete occurs due to the impact of various aggressive media contained in groundwater. Due to corrosion of the upper surface of the foundation, there is a slow dissolution of the cement mortar. Also, groundwater may contain bicarbonate, which is soluble in water, but at the same time it has a strongly alkaline reaction and negatively affects concrete sand. If the influence of groundwater occurs in winter near the border of the freezing zone, then there is practically no chance to save the foundation.
• In another type of corrosion, chemical reactions metabolism, in which the filling of the foundation slowly dissolves, as well as the destruction of the reinforcing layer. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to add machine oil or various saturated fats to them while pouring concrete using concrete mixers.
• The most dangerous is the third type of corrosion. It occurs in the process of replacing concrete salts with metabolic products, for example, sea water. In such cases, mechanical expansion of concrete pores, destruction of the bearing layers and filling with hydrates occur. In most cases, this is a classic stage of destruction due to sulfates and carbonates, and the corrosion rate of concrete depends on its porosity, grade and permeability.

If we take into account all possible types of concrete deformation, then it immediately becomes clear that the key medium, due to which the destruction of the base occurs, is groundwater and rainwater.

Therefore, the main way to protect concrete from the effects of aggressive environments is high-quality waterproofing.

You also need to initially build a base with a sole below the boundary freezing zone.

Protection of foundations from the impact of aggressive groundwater

As a rule, the impact on the foundation is not so much superficial as complex.

After all, there are also internal moments that also lead to the destruction of load-bearing structures. This, for example, is the natural rusting of metal reinforcement.

If you allow the penetration of water into the reinforcing layer, then it is no longer possible to stop the process of internal destruction. The resulting iron oxide reacts with the concrete components, replaces them and forms huge open spaces.

Methods for neutralizing corrosion of the metal of the reinforcing layer

1. During the construction of the base, all reinforcing bars are completely poured with concrete, and any possible contact with the environment should be eliminated;
2. Adhere to the rules for laying reinforcement, because it must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 cm from the surface;
3. When pouring concrete mortar, eliminate air pockets and use only fine gravel;
4. If the reinforcement is also installed in the soil freezing zone, then special compounds and minerals are added to the concrete, which block the metal corrosion process. They also cover the metal itself with a thick layer of oxide and create an additional protection barrier.

It is also recommended to carefully read the composition of cement, especially its quantitative components. As a rule, it is forbidden to allow the concentration of calcium chloride at a level of more than 2% of the total mass of cement.

Although it is an important mineral component, it reacts with carbon dioxide to form chalk. And over time, under the influence of even weak acids, it dissolves. Accordingly, the destruction of the reinforcement is inevitable, because liquid calcium chloride is very active.

If the concentration of calcium chloride is allowed to be exceeded, then only specialists of a narrow profile are able to stop the destruction of the foundation, and the financial costs will be huge.

Secondary protection of the foundation from corrosive factors

Such protection involves the application of special protective paints or varnishes to the outer surface of the base.

As a rule, impregnation is done here to the maximum possible depth, but there are many factors that affect the stop of the concrete deformation process. First of all, it is:

1. An anti-corrosion coating does not always guarantee a process stop;
2. Without the presence of special inhibitors in the concrete, the external coating will not always be effective enough;
3. The time factor plays an important role, because the internal corrosion of the metal cannot be stopped by coatings;
4. The effectiveness of the impregnation depends on the composition and consistency, therefore it is recommended to use a liquid mixture for the deepest possible penetration into the material. On the other hand, the consumption of liquid mixtures is huge, and viscous formulations are easy to apply, but penetration is minimal.

Features of protecting the base of the foundation from corrosion in the freezing zone

Considering that in the freezing zone the bud is especially susceptible to harmful effects, then it is necessary to choose the right protective substances and compounds.

First of all, here you need to do external impregnation with frost-resistant anti-corrosion compounds. They are made on the basis of mineral substances and epoxy resins.

The depth of impregnation of concrete at the freezing depth should be at least 10 cm, and the reinforcement should be located at a distance of at least 5 cm from the outer surface of the foundation.

It also practices the coating of reinforcing bars with polymer resins, and mineral ingredients are added to the concrete that can withstand the effects of low temperature groundwater.

Protection principles

As a rule, the most severe destruction of concrete occurs through the action of three key factors at once: moisture, electrolytes and frost. Therefore, concrete is subject to strong destruction in the zone of soil freezing, on such horizons it is necessary to use frost-resistant and moisture-resistant concrete mixtures.

Additional anti-corrosion treatment of the sole is also carried out, subject to its availability. Columnar structures are not treated with anti-corrosion compounds, here only the choice of the right concrete and the presence of a high-quality waterproofing layer can solve the problem.

Thus, concretes in this zone are protected by two methods at once: by internal structural changes in the characteristics of concrete and by external processing. Only a combination of these methods can save the foundation from destruction.

In construction specialized stores, you can always buy organic and mineral additives that increase the strength and resistance of concrete to aggressive environments.

It is recommended to carry out secondary treatment with expensive hydrophobic compounds, as well as polymeric liquid mixtures. The main purpose of such protection is the filling of air formations and pores of concrete with compounds resistant to external aggressive environments.

Also, in the process of applying the compositions, a strong protective film is formed on the concrete surface itself. The coating is used at the stage of laying the foundation or in the process of its repair.

What is internal foundation protection

It is done at the stage of laying the future foundation. As a rule, the essence of protection is right choice concrete mix, as well as increasing its characteristics by adding special ingredients.

Now chemical modulators are popular, and it is recommended to buy and use them deliberately. For example, lignosulfonate is used to protect concrete from high sulphate groundwater.

Also, the destruction of the cement base can be stopped using amorphous silica. This is a conventional modified sand, produced by chemical methods and characterized by high hygroscopicity.

Silica in concrete replaces calcium oxide and forms silicates that are resistant to acids and alkalis. And the use of electrolytic additives accelerates the process of concrete hardening and gaining brand strength, neutralizes oxides.

The most popular and cheapest are soda ash, potash and alkali metal bicarbonates.

In the construction of foundations, where it is necessary to obtain high structural strength below the freezing depth of the soil, chemical additives with a plasticizing effect are actively used.

Mylonaft improves waterproofing performance and frost resistance, and sulfite-yeast mash promotes rapid hardening. The organosilicon solution GKZH-94 increases frost resistance three times at once.

External treatment of foundations with anti-corrosion compounds

The following materials and compositions are actively used here:

1. Aerosol thin coatings of varnish or paint.
2. Mastic coatings.
3. Adhesive films.
4. Polymer lining.
5. Liquid impregnation.
6. hydrophobization method.
7. The use of biocides.

Lacquer coatings protect against the effects of liquid and gaseous media. Such a film only protects the concrete from external factors, it also serves as a barrier to microorganisms and rodents, and also neutralizes the effects of moisture.

Mastics based on epoxy resins and bitumen are very popular now. Apply the compositions with a brush or spray gun, the drying time depends on the composition and temperature environment, the depth of penetration into concrete depends on its structure and can be up to 10 cm or more.

Sealing films are recommended for use in soils with a high content of groundwater, as well as in the vicinity of industrial plants with high volumes of aggressive wastewater. For example, columnar foundations, immersed in water, are additionally pasted over with polyisobutylene films and plates.

It also has high efficiency polyethylene film and rolled oil bitumen (roofing material).

How to increase the waterproofing performance of the foundation

Any existing methods protection of concrete from corrosive destruction will not be effective if the surface is poorly waterproofed. Therefore, you must first increase the waterproofing characteristics of the foundation, and for this special hydrophobilators are used:

• Powders: bentonite, polymer emulsion.
• Salts: metal stearates and oleates.
• Plasticizers are resins.
• Hardening activators - chlorides

So the protection concrete foundation is especially important in terms of ensuring the reliability and safety of the entire structure as a whole. Waterproofing is applied in a thick layer at a height of at least 15 cm from the sole and rises to the top edge of the ground.

For such purposes, roofing material, pine mastic and slaked lime are excellent. All finished coatings are additionally impregnated with antiseptics.

Instruction

Wetting the foundation can lead to its complete destruction. The degree of danger depends on the hydrogeological conditions of the region in which the building was built: the level of groundwater, soil density, freezing depth, and others. The main factor that destroys the concrete base of the building is the hydrodynamic expansion of moisture accumulated in the foundation during freezing. Erosion can bring no less problems to homeowners, because high humidity is always accompanied by the appearance of microorganisms that slowly but surely destroy the very structure of concrete from the inside. With a low soil density, the accumulation of moisture in the foundation area can lead to uneven shrinkage of the soil, due to which the foundation will receive additional load and may simply burst. Based on the foregoing, it can be unequivocally stated that an individual approach should be provided in all cases to protect the foundation from moisture.

The main method of protecting reinforced concrete foundations from oversaturation with moisture is waterproofing. By its type, it can be moisture-proof, used at a foundation depth of less than one meter, and pressure water-resistant, which is used for structures laid to a considerable depth. According to the principle of application, waterproofing materials also come in different types. Tape or roll insulation is a wide tape of water-repellent material that is attached to the outer surface of the foundation. Coating insulation is a hydrophobic paste or mastic that is applied to the surface of a concrete structure. Penetrating waterproofing closes the pores in concrete and forms a thin film on the surface, which together prevents the penetration and accumulation of moisture. The use of such materials solves the problem of wetting the foundation in most cases.

At high level groundwater and heavy rainfall, you need to think about the design of the drainage system. It is an intricate network of pipes through which excess moisture is removed from the house and discharged into the soil or into a specially prepared well. Protecting the foundation from water by this method shows very good results in practice, but is often associated with serious material costs. Equip drainage system only in exceptional cases and, as a rule, after complex geological studies.

The source of moisture in the foundation area is not only groundwater, but also precipitation. To avoid leakage of rain or melt water under the foundation, it is required to build a blind area around the entire perimeter of the building. Is it cement or concrete screed, from 60 centimeters to several meters wide, forming a monolithic structure with the foundation. The main function of the blind area is to protect the foundation and the soil around it from moisture seepage, dropping it onto the soil at a safe distance. Often, only this measure is enough to keep the foundation dry throughout the year.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing - modern and reliable way protection, based on the ability of special compounds to fill the pores of concrete with water-insoluble crystals, thereby creating a hydro-barrier while maintaining the vapor permeability of the material.

The principle of operation of penetrating waterproofing

Concrete is a porous material, which is why it absorbs water. The smallest channels, called capillaries, pass water molecules to a considerable depth. Moisture-filled microcracks expand when water freezes, and the capillary permeability of concrete increases. Concrete ages, collapses, begins to flow. In the presence of water and air, the reinforcement inside the structures rusts, and the corrosion products contribute to the further destruction of the material.

The most difficult conditions are structures that are in direct contact with the ground, for example, the foundation of a building: in addition to water, it is affected by weakly alkaline or acidic soil components. Proven and popular foundation waterproofing methods, such as or, protect only the surface of the foundation, and at the slightest damage they begin to let water through. That is why, in addition to waterproofing, they equip drainage to remove moisture from the foundation walls.

Penetrating waterproofing has a completely different principle of operation. The components of waterproofing solutions and mixtures interact with calcium and aluminum ions contained in concrete, forming complex crystalline hydrates. Pores and capillaries in concrete are gradually overgrown with needle-like crystals, leaving small gaps through which water molecules can penetrate in the form of vapor. In this case, the capillary suction of water becomes impossible due to the surface tension of water droplets.

Filling the pores and capillaries of concrete occurs with the direct participation of water, so penetrating waterproofing can be carried out on wet foundations. The waterproofing layer is not limited to the concrete surface: the growth of crystals continues and, with sufficient moisture, can penetrate to a concrete depth of up to 0.6 meters. Thanks to this property, it is possible to carry out waterproofing of the foundation both outside and inside the building, which is especially convenient when repairing the foundations of old buildings.

Types of penetrating waterproofing

Used for various waterproofing works different types penetrating waterproofing:

• Aqueous solution for brushing or spraying intact concrete. Mainly used on new constructions;
• Mixture for application with a spatula. Creates a layer up to 2 mm, recommended for the restoration and waterproofing of old concrete structures;
• Seam waterproofing. Quite a thick mixture designed for repairing and waterproofing seams. Used in combination with a liquid solution;
• Compositions for repair and elimination of strong leaks. Apply when necessary to repair damage in concrete.

Foundation treatment technology with liquid solutions

It is used when processing new concrete block or monolithic foundations, both outside and inside the building. After processing, a durable waterproofing layer is formed, during operation, upon contact with water, crystallization resumes.

1. The surface is cleaned of dust, dirt, stains of grease and bitumen. For better penetration of the solution into the pores of smooth concrete, it can be sandblasted or cleaned with a wire brush. The protruding parts of the reinforcement are cleaned of rust. The surface is washed with water under pressure until the concrete is completely wetted.
2. The composition is mixed according to the instructions on the package, pouring water into the dry mixture and mixing thoroughly. You should get a mixture with the consistency of liquid sour cream.
3. The composition is applied with a wide brush in two layers, the exposure time of the first layer is from 2 to 6 hours. When applying the second layer later than after 6 hours, the surface of the first layer must be cleaned with a brush. Application of the composition is possible both from the side of the street and from inside the basement. For waterproofing the destroyed foundation structures, the solution is diluted to a thick pasty consistency and applied with a spatula, with a layer of about 2 mm.
4. Applying a decorative coating is possible no earlier than 21 days after the penetrating waterproofing of the foundation.

Technology of penetrating waterproofing of joints and seams

It is used for processing seams, joints, cracks together with liquid penetrating waterproofing. It can also be used to restore a damaged concrete surface.

1. The concrete surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, washed with water. The cracks are expanded, removing the remnants of the cement mortar, at the joints, strobes of 2.5x2.5 cm in size are made using a grinder or a perforator.
2. Copiously moisten cracks and strobes with water using a brush or spray gun. Cracks are treated with a liquid solution of penetrating waterproofing and kept for 2 to 6 hours.
3. Mix the required amount of dry mixture with water to the consistency of plasticine. Lay the mixture in cracks and seams, by hand or with a spatula. If it is necessary to repair large cracks, fine gravel must be added to the solution. When waterproofing concrete structures with traces of destruction, the mixture is applied with a spatula in a layer up to 13 mm, in several layers.

An hour after the waterproofing mortar has set, it is necessary to treat the seams with a liquid waterproofing solution.

Foundation repair technology using penetrating waterproofing

This technology is used to eliminate leaks with a strong hydrostatic head, it is based on the property of the mixture to quickly form a waterproof concrete plug at the site of damage to the foundation.

1. A crack or damaged seam must be expanded, deepened, shaped into a cone expanding inward.
2. A solution of a thick paste-like consistency is prepared so that it can be molded into a plug in the shape of a hole in concrete. All work must be carried out very quickly: mixing - no more than 2 minutes, sealing a crack or hole - 3 minutes.
3. Insert the resulting plug into the gully and press firmly with your hands or an improvised object for 1-2 minutes. During this time, the solution seizes, and active crystallization begins.
4. The surface of the repaired gully is leveled with a joint and seam mortar, and then treated with a penetrating waterproofing grout.

There are also tools used in the construction of a concrete monolithic foundation: they are introduced into the finished concrete in the form of an aqueous solution in the calculated amount. Concrete with such additives is resistant to moisture, mechanically strong, inert to aggressive liquids.

All work on the application of penetrating waterproofing must be carried out in durable rubber gloves, glasses, avoiding contact with solutions and pastes on the skin. To repair the foundations of old buildings made of brick, concrete, natural stone, injection penetrating insulation is also used.

How to protect concrete from moisture? In this article, we will analyze several popular solutions that are applicable both for waterproofing foundations and basements, and for protecting capital walls from precipitation and seasonal fluctuations in humidity.

Our goal is to give concrete hydrophobic properties.

Classification

All waterproofing materials are divided into three main categories.

Useful: roll and coating materials are usually applied from that side of the foundation or building envelope, with which there is excess static water pressure. Otherwise, there is always a risk of delamination of the protective layer, violation of its integrity. Penetrating waterproofing is devoid of this limitation.

Obviously, we are most interested in the last category of waterproofing. It is with her that we will get to know each other better.

Possible Solutions

Ironing

The simplest and most cheap surface treatment (applying cement laitance on it). Cement penetrates into pores and microcracks, completely or partially blocking them. Of course, such waterproofing is not enough for the foundation; but the ironing of the cement plaster of the facade will significantly reduce the absorption of water.

Liquid glass

If you add sodium liquid glass (aqueous solution of Na2O (SiO2)) to the cement-sand mortar in a ratio of approximately 1:10, you will get moisture-resistant concrete with a very short (no more than half an hour) setting period. This recipe is often used to seal sewer and water wells, block foundations and cracks in basement floors.

In the photo - domestically produced sodium liquid glass.

Processing with liquid glass is quite capable of reliably waterproofing the surface of a finished reinforced concrete product. It is more than easy to do this work with your own hands: the material diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 is applied to concrete with a brush, roller or sprayer.

Hint: undiluted liquid glass, applied in one layer, penetrates concrete by an average of 2 millimeters. If the processing is carried out aqueous solution and in several steps, the impregnation depth will increase to 15-20 mm.

Water repellents

How to treat aerated concrete from moisture if it is used to build the external walls of a residential building?

In this case, silicone-based water-repellent primers will come to the rescue. The instructions for their use are also extremely simple: ready-to-use or diluted with water in the concentration indicated by the manufacturer, the composition is applied to the surface of the facade in two or three layers without prior drying.

Protection of aerated concrete from moisture with the help of a hydrophobizing solution solves several problems at once.

To clarify: silicone-based water repellents are intended not only for aerated concrete. They can process all porous materials: heavy concrete, limestone, plaster, etc.

The composition is applied to a dry base. A moisture meter for concrete will help to assess the moisture level of the structure - a simple electrical device that measures the resistivity of a surface area.

The average price of Russian-made water repellents is 150 rubles per kilogram. The only drawback of the solution is the limited adhesive qualities of the facade after processing: it can be painted only after six months.

Crystallizing compounds

Penetron, Crystallisole and their numerous analogues differ from the solutions listed above by the principle of operation: in simple terms, they do not transport material to fill pores through capillaries from the surface, but create it in place ().

Chemical additives cause accelerated crystallization of calcium salts (the main component of Portland cements) upon contact with water. Crystals reliably fill concrete pores.

What is the result?

• The most obvious result is the impossibility of moisture penetration into the thickness of concrete during external processing of the structure. If the basement walls are treated with the same Penetron from the inside, groundwater will no longer find its way into the room: the impregnation penetrates the concrete by 40-60 centimeters.
• About efflorescence and mold, of course, you can also forget. Moisture is necessary for their appearance.
• Frost resistance of concrete increases by an average of 100 cycles. On the practical side, this means an increase in the service life of the main walls by 150-200 years.
• Finally, impregnation for concrete from moisture increases its compressive strength: the absence of pores prevents the material from crumbling under load.

Curiously, Penetron and its analogues provide a kind of self-healing waterproofing. Where water begins to penetrate into concrete through new cracks and pores, the growth of calcium salt crystals immediately resumes. What is especially pleasing is that waterproofing measures can be carried out with damp walls or foundations.

Where do new cracks in concrete structures come from? The main reasons are movements and frost heaving of soils, as well as installation work. When perforating technological holes and openings, shock vibration is destructive for concrete.

What to do?

1. In the first case, the problem is solved by reinforced reinforcement of structures. The foundation, connected by reinforcement into a single rigid frame, will not be deformed by any movement of the soil.
2. In the second - the use of less destructive methods of conducting work. So, cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels, and rebar - with a gas cutter or an ordinary abrasive wheel - is much less destructive than using a jackhammer. Diamond drilling holes in concrete is much more preferable than working with a hammer drill.

Conclusion

As part of a short review, we have listed only a small part of the possible solutions. As usual, the video in this article will offer the reader Additional information ().