Lesson type: combined

Target

formation of ideas about the natural satellite of the Earth - the Moon, its features.

Planned results

subject

Will learn: analyze patterns of motion of the Moon around the Earth; formulate conclusions about the causes of changes in appearance; talk about the study of the moon.

Metasubject

Regulatory: understand the learning task of the lesson, strive to fulfill it and evaluate their achievements.

Cognitive: simulate the shape of the moon; analyze the schemes in the textbook, draw conclusions; extract information from textbook drawings;

Communicative: build a monologue statement, listen to the interlocutor.

Personal Outcomes

Understand the whole picture of the world.

Basic concepts and definitions

Earth satellite

Preparing for the assimilation of new material

Let's find out what the moon is. Let's learn how to make a model of the moon.

Remember what you saw in the night sky, except for the stars.

Learning new material

Why is the moon different?

The Moon is the Earth's satellite. How do you understand it?

Explain with the help of a diagram.

Based on your observations, tell us how it changes appearance Moon. Why is this happening?

Sculpt a model of the moon from plasticine, showing its shape correctly.

Use the drawings in your textbook to describe how the moon is studied.

The moon itself does not emit light. It is like a mirror reflecting the light of the sun. Once
The moon itself does not shine, we can only see the part that is illuminated
Sun. At different times, the Sun illuminates the Moon in different ways. Therefore, it seems to us that her farm is changing.

Independent application of knowledge.

1. What is the Moon? 2. What shape does the moon have? 3. Why does the moon look different? 4. How do people study the moon?

Why does the moon come in different shapes?

why the moon is different presentation grade 1

Why does the moon look like it's changing?

Why We Don't Always See the Full Moon?

Why is the moon sometimes visible during the day and sometimes not?

Target: Target: To develop the cognitive interests of students; to form an idea of ​​the Moon as a satellite of the Earth; explain to children why people do not live on the moon using a multimedia presentation; educate children's interest in the world around them; to form friendly relations between students, the ability to understand themselves and others.

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Outline plan

open lesson on the world around

in 1st grade

Subject: Why is the moon different?

Target: To develop the cognitive interests of students; to form an idea of ​​the Moon as a satellite of the Earth; explain to children why people do not live on the moon using a multimedia presentation; educate children's interest in the world around them; to form friendly relations between students, the ability to understand themselves and others.

Tasks:
1. Expand and deepen students' knowledge of the Moon - a natural satellite of the Earth.
2. Develop ideas about the shape, size, color of objects; speech, attention, memory, logical thinking.
3. Develop an interest in astronomy.
Equipment:
Configuration: computers + multimedia projector,
Textbook, workbook.

Universal learning activities.

Regulatory: Cognitive logical:	goal setting, planning, forecasting, correction, evaluation, algorithmization of actions. analysis, synthesis, comparison, grouping, cause-and-effect relationships, logical reasoning, evidence, practical actions.
Communicative:	using the means of language and speech to receive and transmit information, participate in a productive dialogue; self-expression: monologue statements of various types.
Personal:	sense formation, moral and ethical orientation.

Organizational-orienting stage.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment.
- Today we have a lot of guests at the lesson. Turn around. Say hello.
- So, we tuned in, we work clearly, we think and reason.
II. Repetition of what has been learned.
- What did the Ant ask - Question in the last lesson?
- (About the sun and the stars).
- What is the Sun? (Great flaming ball). – What are the stars? Why does the Sun appear to us as a small circle? Why do stars appear to us as small dots? What does the sun create for us? (Day). What did people combine the stars into? (into the constellations). How are stars different from each other? (Color, size).

III. Definition of the topic of the lesson.

Ant looked at the sky and saw something else. Guess the riddles and find out what the Ant saw?

More recently, to our window

Shining white cake,

And now they suddenly burn in the window

Goby silver horns.

Alone in the sky at night

Golden orange.

Two weeks have passed

We didn't eat orange

But only an orange slice remained in the sky. (Moon, Moon).

Today we have towhy people don't live on the moon. And for this we will go to space trip. What are we flying?
(On a rocket, on a spaceship)
- And how can we be called? (cosmonauts).
- Before we go on a trip, I need to find out if our team is ready for the flight. After all, an astronaut must know the answers to many, many questions:

1. What is nature?
2. What groups is nature divided into?
3. Give examples of wildlife.
4. Inanimate nature.
5. What is characteristic of all living things? (grow, reproduce, move, breathe, die)
6. What conditions are necessary for all living things (air, light, heat, water, food)
- Let's start the countdown.
- What date do we start? (10)
- In chorus: 10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-start!

IV Explanation of new material.
If you try hard
If you really want
Can you go up to the sky
And reach the sun.
And seriously, not pretending,
Get to know Luna.
Walk around it for a bit.
And return home again!

Here we are approaching the moon.
Ever since man appeared on Earth, the Moon has been a mystery to him. In ancient times, people worshiped the moon, considering her the goddess of the night. Today we know much more about what it is.
- So what is the Moon?
The moon is not a star or a planet. Moon - natural satellite Earth. Because nature created. It rotates around the Earth and around its own axis. But it spins slower. And a lunar day is equal to two of our weeks. The moonlit night also lasts two of our weeks.
The Moon is the closest celestial body to Earth. However, when a rocket is launched from the cosmodrome to the moon, scientists are waiting for 3 days and 3 nights. That's how long it takes a spacecraft to get to the moon. (3 days - 3 days and 3 nights). There is no air, no atmosphere on the Moon.
- Even in ancient times, people noticed that the moon changes its shape all the time. Either it looks like a round plate, or it looks like a sickle, which they called the Moon. People could not explain this phenomenon and invented fairy tales, legends, myths. Listen to one such story.

(Shows a presentation on the topic)

And now, guys, I ask you to draw on the board the moon as you saw it in the sky. (Children draw

- Why is the moon so different? The textbook article on page 34 (reading the article) will help us understand this.

To see how the moon changes its shape, I suggest you do some practical work.

(Children under the guidance of a teacher with the help of tellurium and a mirror depict the path of the moon and watch the shadow from the mirror on the globe, see how the shadow changes its shape).

Now I will show you how the moon works (using a mirror, I direct the sun's beam at the globe).
Does the mirror itself glow? (No)
- And now, when I catch a ray of the Sun with it? What is this light? (reflection of a sunbeam)
- So we learned the secret of the moon. Since it does not shine, we can only see the part of it that is illuminated by the Sun.

Let's read the text: "The moon itself does not emit light; it, like a mirror, reflects the light of the Sun."
- When the Sun illuminates the side of the Moon that faces our Earth, we see it in its entirety. This is called FULL MOON.
And when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, the Sun illuminates the part of the Moon that we cannot see. At this time the nights are dark. NEW MOON is coming.
But soon the moon gradually moves, and its thin piece of MONTH begins to glow.

Now she is half grown.
Well, the bright part of the moon is getting bigger and bigger every night.
See how it has already become - almost completely round! Soon the full moon will come again, and then the moon will begin to decrease, more and more to go into the shadow, until it disappears completely. And this is repeated every month.

After finishing work, the children make a conclusion about the shape of the moon, the phases of the moon and the reasons for their change.

Presentation of the "Phases of the Moon"

The teacher concludes:
- To explain this, you need to know one secret of the moon. The secret is in how she shines. The sun is a flaming ball, it itself emits light, and the moon ...

In ancient times, people did not know how the moon works and thought that some monster swallowed it, and then a new one appeared. But we know that this is not so!
From Earth, the moon appears small. But actually it is not. If you draw the Earth with a watermelon, then the Moon will be an apple (the size of an apple). The Moon is six times smaller than the Earth.
Sometimes it seems that the moon has a face. This impression is created by mountains that cast a shadow on its surface. And the bright spots are the lunar seas. But in fact, there is not a drop of water in these seas. But people didn't know this before. That is why they are called seas.

So, we landed on the surface of the moon. Think about how you can call this action in one word? (landed)

American astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin were the first to walk on the moon.

During the day on the moon, the heat is up to 130 degrees, and at night it is 170 degrees of frost.
The entire surface of the moon is covered with a thick layer of dust. The moon looks like it hasn't been dusted for years.

Be very careful! Look under your feet, as there are many stones on the moon.
- Yes, and talk only on the radiotelephone (since there is no air on the Moon and you still won't hear each other). Even meteorites on the moon fall silently.
- And do not take big steps, otherwise you will bounce a lot.
- There are no flowers, no trees, no rainbows on the Moon, only sand and stones.
- And, most importantly, there is no water, no air, no atmosphere on the Moon. There is neither rain nor snow.
- No clouds, no fogs, only black sky around. True, there are still rains - meteorite, stone.
- Man cannot live on the moon.

The flight was long and you need to warm up.

V. Physical Minute

sun bunnies

Playing on the wall

I beckon them with my finger

Run all to me.

Well, catch it, catch it soon!

Jumping gallop! Jumping gallop!

Ran to the ceiling.

Let's open our laptopsand remember when completing the task all the knowledge that we took with us. (The guys complete the task "Moon", moving all objects of wildlife to Earth)

VI. Anchoring

What literary character went to the moon?
-Who wrote this book? (book display)
-He left a message for each of you. And until we do
we won't be able to return.
Set up your visual apparatus; eyes up, down, left,
to the right, (the teacher distributes tasks)

1. Where did we make a space trip today? (Moon)
2. What is the Moon? (satellite)
3. Who were we today? (cosmonauts)
4. What are the names of automatic machines that explore the moon? (moon rover)
5. Name the Earth, Mercury, Venus (planet) in one word.
6. What is the name of the powerful device in which the Moon is viewed? (telescope)
We're flying home.
I say a sentence if you agree "green", if not "red". With every offer we are closer to home.
1. There is no air on the moon (h)
2. The moon glows (to)
3. There is a lot of water in the lunar seas (k)
4. 1 lunar day = 2 our weeks (h)
5. Life is possible on the Moon (k)
Here we are at home.
- Fastened seat belts. We sit quietly. I turn on the brakes.
- How did you manage the flight?
- The flight went well! (in chorus)
- What is the most interesting thing you learned?
VII. Homework. Workbook page 23 #2, observe the moon and record your observations in a scientific diary.
(if time remains, we make a model of the Sun, Earth and Moon from plasticine)

Since ancient times, observing the sky, people have noticed that at different times of one month, the moon can be of different shapes.

Sometimes - the moon is round, sometimes - only half of the circle, and sometimes in general - a narrow strip from the circle

People thought that the moon was swallowed by an evil monster, and then a new moon was born and again grew to a whole circle. They even gave different names: the full moon is the moon, and the incomplete one is the month.

What is the Moon

The moon revolves around the earth. And the earth around the sun

The moon is a natural satellite of the earth

The Moon is a cosmic body that slowly revolves around the Earth.

One revolution around the Earth lasts 29 and a half days. A day on the Moon is 2 Earth weeks.

What is a satellite

A satellite is a celestial body that moves around another larger celestial body.

Satellites can be natural, created by nature, and artificial, made by man. They are launched for space exploration or some economic purpose of man.

What shape does the moon have in the sky

The moon itself does not emit light. We can only see that part of it that is illuminated by the Sun.

The shape of the Moon, which we see in the heavenly sky, depends on the degree of illumination of it by the Sun.

At different times, the Sun illuminates the Moon in different ways. Therefore, we see either a round disk, or a semicircle, or a narrow sickle.

Why does the moon come in different shapes?

Depending on which part of the moon the Sun illuminates, phases or quarters of the Moon are distinguished.

The phases of the moon are different parts of the visible moon

1 phase(or 1st quarter) - new moon. The moon is between the earth and the sun, the moon is not visible in the sky. This phase is called the new moon.

2 phase(or 2nd quarter) - waxing moon. The light of the sun hits the moon. At first, only a small piece of the circle of the Moon in the sky is illuminated by the sun. The lunar disk looks like the letter "C" upside down.

This piece gradually grows and becomes like a sickle. Part of the lunar circle, illuminated by the sun, grows and the semicircle of the moon becomes visible.

3 phase(or 3rd quarter) - full moon. The moon looks like a whole disk. Earth between Sun and Moon.

4 phase (or 4th quarter)- decreasing. Surface

less illuminated. The moon becomes a sickle again. The crescent moon in the sky looks like the letter "C".

Thus the cycle ends. The four phases of the moon make up a lunar month - 29.5 days.

Who are astronomers

Astronomers are scientists who study celestial bodies.

Astronomers follow the movement of planets, stars and other celestial bodies through a space telescope

A telescope is an optical instrument for observing distant objects, which gives multiple magnification.

Seas, mountains and craters on the moon

When observing the moon through a telescope, scientists noticed dark and lighter spots

In the old days it was thought that more dark spots on the surface of the moon, these are the seas. People thought that there was water on the Moon, just like on Earth. Now it is known that there are no seas and water on the Moon. But the old names remained on the map of the Moon - the Sea of ​​​​Clouds, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bRains and other seas.

Craters on the Moon

Light areas of the surface are lunar mountains, their height is up to several thousand meters.

Lunar craters are everywhere on the Moon. These are pits formed from impacts of meteorites - stones that fell from space. The edges of the craters are surrounded by high hills.

Who has been to the moon

American astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin were the first to land on the moon in 1969.

The astronauts were delivered by the Apollo 11 spacecraft. The astronauts took soil samples, took stones from the surface of the moon, and took photographs.

A lunar rover is used to study the moon.

This machine - a robot to work on the surface of the moon, controlled from the ground.

It has been established that there is no atmosphere on the Moon, no air, no water. People can't live on the moon

The entire moon is covered in dust and rocks from outer space. On a lunar day on the Moon, the temperature rises to + 130, and at night the temperature drops to minus 170 degrees. On the Moon, all objects are attracted with a force 6 times less than on Earth.

The moon has several main phases: new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter. Why is the moon different every day (or rather night)? Why, when she is very "thin", is she visible only a few hours before dawn or after sunset? Does it shine all night on a full moon? The answers to these questions lie in the relative position of the Earth, Moon and Sun.
The earth revolves around the fixed sun, and the moon revolves around the earth. Let's start with the time when the Moon is not visible to us (phase new moon - 1). At this time, the moon is facing us with its unlit side. It is during this phase that we can observe (though very rarely) solar eclipses .
After 2-3 days, after sunset, we can see a thin crescent in the still bright part of the sky, facing the "belly" towards the Sun. If you substitute a wand to the sickle, you get the letter "P" - born or early. This is a new month. Astronomers most of all like to "catch" this particular phase of the moon. After another 4-5 days, we can already observe half of the moon. This is the first quarter(2). At this time, the Moon is facing us both with its illuminated and unlit sides.
Approximately 7 days after the first quarter, the Moon enters the full moon phase (3). How many mysterious properties were attributed to the full moon by astrologers, magicians and wizards in ancient times! And how many poets sang it in their poems! At this time, the Moon and the Sun are on opposite sides of the Earth. And it is at this time that we can observe from Earth moon eclipse. In this phase, the moon is visible all night.
After another 7 days, the Moon enters a phase called the last quarter (4). We again see the half of the Moon, but already facing the other way, but facing the Sun anyway. After 4-5 days at dawn, you can see a thin crescent moon in the form of the letter "c" - the old one. And in 2-3 days the moon will not be visible again.

Some terms and concepts on this topic:

Distance from Earth to Moon is 384,400 km. Full turn The Moon makes 29.5 Earth days around its axis and around the Earth, so we always see only one side of the Moon.

Synodic month (lunar)- the period of complete change of lunar phases (between two successive new moons). Approximately equal to 29.5 Earth days.

Sidereal month (sidereal) is the time it takes for the moon to complete one revolution around the earth relative to the stars. Approximately equal to 27.3 Earth days

Terminator- the line separating the dark part of the visible disk of the planet from the light.

Ash Light- the light of the "dark" side of the moon. The Earth, reflecting the light of the Sun, illuminates the Moon, and she, in turn, sends this light to us, as if returning it. It is very well visible at a young month - a thin crescent shines very brightly, and behind it a faint outline of the Moon's disk is visible

Our planet is beautiful and amazing, there is no such planet in the entire universe. In its firmament, you can observe different luminaries. During the day, the sun shines brightly on Earth, warming all living things with its rays, and at night we see how Moon shines through the windows of our houses. The moon has always been mysterious, in ancient times people watched with fear and trembling as it changes its face. Eclipses evoked even greater horror in them, when the whole Earth was plunged into complete darkness for a short time.

The moon itself cannot emit light, it reflects the light of the Sun. Why do people think that the moon is changing? The moon is a satellite of our planet and revolves around it. We can always see the Moon only from one side, as if it were tied with a rope to the Earth. We can only see the illuminated part of the moon. For about four weeks, the Moon makes its procession around the Earth. What we observe as a change in the appearance of the Moon or phase is actually a change in the illumination of the Moon as seen from the Earth. In four weeks, a full cycle of changes in the appearance of the moon is completed. At the beginning of the cycle, the Moon is new and it is on the same side of us as the Sun.

The side of the Moon, which is turned towards the Earth, is dark and completely lost in the rays of the Sun, in this phase the Moon is not visible in the sky. This lunar phase is called - new moon.

The next phase has a name - the first quarter, and the Moon passes the fourth part of its path, then we see the half-illuminated disk of the Moon.

The third phase of the moon is called full moon, The moon is on the opposite side of the sun and we see the entire disk of the moon illuminated by the sun's rays. The final phase is the last quarter, and the disk of the Moon is also half illuminated.

To correctly determine what phase the moon is in, you need to know one thing interesting rule. If her sickle looks like a bow from the letter "P", then the moon is growing. When her bow looks in the opposite direction and resembles the letter "C", then the Moon is aging. This is very easy to remember and you can always tell if the new moon has just started its journey or the old moon is completing its cycle.

In the sky, sometimes you can observe amazing phenomena called eclipses.

Scientists call a solar eclipse a phenomenon when the disk of the moon completely and completely covers the sun. It is very interesting to observe such a phenomenon, but at the same time you need to take a piece of dark glass with you, through which the eclipse will be visible in all its glory.

Another interesting spectacle in science is called lunar eclipse. This happens when the Earth's shadow overlaps the Moon's disk and a dark circle can be seen instead of the glowing Moon's disk. If the orbits of the Earth and the Moon coincided, we could observe an eclipse of the Sun on a new moon and an eclipse of the Moon on a full moon with each rotation. This does not happen because the plane on which the moon's orbit is located is tilted by five degrees.