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A fairly important hydraulic operation is drainage on suburban area. The easiest way to improve the water balance of the soil should be mandatory, because the ratio of moisture in different periods of the year can change not only due to natural factors. Sometimes even a nearby construction site can upset the balance.

Uncomplicated system for draining water from the building

Soil drainage can be carried out using open trenches or specialized pipes placed in the ground. The first of them are simple in design, but do not look very aesthetically pleasing. In this regard, some developers create closed-type channels that do not violate the attractiveness of the landscape.

surface lines

Although surface collection systems are relatively simple, they effectively remove moisture from the site in the form of precipitation. Through special trays and depressions, water is directed to the central gutter or drain well. Among the advantages can be distinguished:

• high speed of construction;
• small costs;
• sufficient level of efficiency;
• ease of cleaning.

Useful advice! If we are talking about how to make drainage on the site with your own hands without unnecessary financial investments, then first of all you should consider the option with an open channel system.

Closed drains

Depth line systems are ideal for both storm water and ground water located in close proximity. Most often they are arranged using polymer pipes that are immersed in the ground for a certain distance.

In practice, two types of drainage with closed channels are well applicable:

• point (water is collected in one place);
• linear (moisture collection is provided throughout the pipeline through special holes).

Note! Within the same area, the presented species can be combined. For example, for the drainage system of a house, you can use a point collection, and for groundwater - a linear one.

Drainage at the dacha: the easiest way to device for specific conditions

Before you make a drainage system on the site, you must choose its type, based on operational features. It is worth considering the most optimal options for arranging water drainage systems, which are popular under certain conditions.

An example of site drainage with a high groundwater level

With a close occurrence of groundwater, a deep system of a linear type may be the best option. It will remove moisture from the entire site to a sewer, ravine or ditch located one level below. It is proposed to use perforated plastic pipes in the geotextile filter as the main elements.

One of the most simple ways drainage in a summer cottage with groundwater located near the surface is reduced to the following scheme:

• A trench breaks out to the distance of soil freezing. Its slope should be 2 cm per linear meter towards the liquid collection point. For leveling, a layer of sand is poured.
• Geotextiles are spread on the prepared bottom so that its edges overlap the walls of the pit by at least 1-2 m. A small layer of gravel is poured on top.
• Next, plastic pipes are laid, after which they are again covered with approximately the same layer of gravel. The ends of the geotextile roll up to form a protective barrier. The rest of the trench is covered with soil.

Note! Knowing how to properly drain around the site and on its territory with a close occurrence of groundwater, you can avoid serious problems associated with excess moisture.

Related article:

Do-it-yourself open drainage device on a site with clay soil

For land with clay soil, a system with an open channel arrangement is more suitable. With a closed piping system, water will not be able to seep through such soil and go to specialized septic tanks or other suitable places.

In places where water accumulates, ditches are dug with a depth of at least 50 cm. Their width should increase as they approach the place of reception. It is necessary to make the widest trench, which collects water from the ditches adjacent to it. To facilitate draining and protect the edges from collapse, the side walls are cut at an angle of 30 degrees.

Because open view trenches spoils appearance plot, it is necessary to decorate them. It not only allows you to increase the aesthetic properties, but also to strengthen the side surfaces of open lines. In this regard, the operation of the system is significantly increased.

Stones of various sizes can be used as material for decorating pits. The largest of them should be laid on the bottom, and medium and small - on top. If there are good financial opportunities, the surface can be covered with marble chips, which will give the branch lines a respectable look.

If with in cash tight, then ordinary brushwood can be a good option for decoration. It is necessary to find dry branches of any wood species that grow nearby. They should be tied in bunches and laid on special stands installed at the bottom of the ditch.

The thickness of the bunches of brushwood should be no more than 30 cm. It is better to place the branches so that the larger ones lie in the center, and the smaller ones at the edges.

Related article:

Average prices for turnkey site drainage

Many companies offer professional drainage services, but they don't come cheap. During the work, a double-walled pipe with a geotextile filter will be used.

Care rules

Drainage structures will function properly for many years if the basic rules are followed during operation.

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Not every landowner has a perfect location. More often in spring or autumn, during a period of heavy rainfall, the yard, and even the garden area, begins to be heated, which is very harmful for various vegetable and vegetable crops. fruit crops. This is where the difficulties begin. Owners dig channels, trying to remove as much moisture from the site as possible, which does not always help. Drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater can become a way out. With them correct location you can forget about such a problem. But how to place them, what they can be and whether it is possible to make them from what is left of the repair, we will consider today.

Most sites require a drainage system

Drainage pipes allow the removal of groundwater from the site or adjoining territory. They are corrugated thick perforated hoses, which are buried at a certain depth. The principle of operation of pipes for is quite simple. As you know, water always goes where the passage is easier. This law of physics applies to many areas and is never violated. Leaking through the perforation, moisture freely rushes through the pipe to where the master directs it. Thus, water does not need to seep through the ground. As a result, the soil dries up.

Good to know! If in autumn water stagnates in a garden plot in a certain place, then the soil, having not received the necessary oxygen, begins to die. As a result, next year in this place the harvest will be negligible, or it will not be at all.

Drainage is of particular importance for residential buildings. With an excess of moisture, the foundation of the house will quickly collapse, which will negatively affect the building itself.

Drainage pipes for groundwater drainage: main technical and geometric characteristics

The main difference between such products is the presence or absence of perforation in them. It is for this parameter that pipes for the removal of groundwater are selected. In one case, it is required to remove excess moisture from the soil (perforation is used), and in the other, it is simple to carry out the removed moisture, preventing it from being absorbed into the soil (in this case, the pipe will be solid).

The diameter of the drain is also important. It should be understood that the larger the pipe, the more intensive the removal of moisture will be. And on the other hand, if the product is not perforated and is used only as a diverting element, it makes no sense to use too large a diameter - it will simply be irrational.

And yet, of greater interest is the material from which perforated pipes for drainage are made. There are a lot of such materials, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as specific areas of application. Let's consider this question in more detail.

Materials for the manufacture of drainage systems for the removal of groundwater

The main materials from which such products are made can be called:

• Ceramics;
• Polypropylene;
• Asbestos cement (chrysotile cement).

A separate item can be called pipes with coconut winding, which have a higher cost. But knowing the materials of manufacture is not enough. It is necessary to understand what are the differences between them, and in which case the use of a particular pipe is justified.

Polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene: material advantages

Drainage pipes made of such materials are used only to drain water, they do not collect it themselves. Most often, such products are made in the form of an ordinary pipe, but recently flexible hoses have also been produced, provided that their diameter is large enough. Corrugated PVC drainage pipes with a diameter of 400 mm or more are now quite common.

Good throughput characteristics of such products are achieved due to the smoothness of the inner walls and the resistance to corrosion of the materials from which they are made. Such drainage pipes have a fairly long service life and are easy to install. Many home craftsmen, with such products at hand, make perforated drainage pipes out of them with their own hands. To do this, small holes are drilled along the entire length of the upper part in a chaotic manner. As a result, water flows freely along the lower part of the pipe, and excess moisture from the soil enters the drainage through the perforation made at the top.

The main advantages of plastic pipes are not only their long service life, but also ease of installation. You can handle it with your own hands without any construction equipment.

Ceramics is a more whimsical material

Ceramic drainage pipes are gradually becoming a thing of the past. The reason for this is not even their high cost, but rather the inconvenience of installation and less durability, compared with plastic counterparts. The warranty period of its operation is only 15 years, while plastic serves at least 50 years.

In the absence of other options, it is possible to drain the site with ceramic pipes, but it would still be better to use more modern materials, among which polypropylene would be the best.

Polypropylene products: what are they good for

The drainage of storm water with polypropylene drainage pipes is very convenient. They have a corrugated surface on the outside and a smooth inside, which does not allow dirt to linger on the inner walls. These are flexible products, and therefore very easy to install. The drainage pipes are connected to each other by inserting one into the other - for this we have a special socket on one side of each. Perforation along the walls allows you to collect excess moisture from the ground.

Large-diameter polypropylene pipes are usually covered on the outside with geotextiles, which prevent silting and, as a result, increase the service life of the drainage. Such products have a very low weight and a fairly low cost, which, coupled with their durability, provides them with such a high popularity.

Coconut winding of drainage pipes: what is it for

A relatively new type of filtration material - coconut coir - is the best way to protect the inside of the drainage from silting. Such a shell has proven itself perfectly in all latitudes of our country. Its density is varied, which allows it to retain dirt particles of various sizes. If we add to this the environmental friendliness of the material, then a slightly higher cost no longer seems unjustified. In addition, drainage pipes with such a coating do not require preliminary backfilling of the trench with crushed stone and sand. They are laid directly on the ground, which significantly reduces installation time and simplifies it.

Asbestos cement drainage pipes

Such pipes differ from conventional chrysotile cement pipes only in the presence of perforation, which can be done independently. But from the point of view of ease of installation and durability, such products need to be put only in last place. All pipe turns are carried out only with special corners and branches, their weight is quite large and their service life rarely exceeds 12-15 years. If earlier such material was used everywhere, then nowadays it is rare that anyone performs drainage with chrysotile cement products.

It is worth considering which material for the manufacture of a drainage pipe is suitable for a particular type of soil.

The choice of material according to the type of soil of the site

There are 4 types of soil, depending on which the drainage pipe is selected. Let's consider them in detail.

• crushed stone soil– it is possible to use perforated pipes without geotextile or coconut coir. Groundwater filtration is not required;
• sandy soil- a perforated pipe with a filter element is used to prevent sand from getting inside and silting up the drainage. It also requires sprinkling with crushed stone;
• Alumina- There are two options here. Either it will be a pipe wrapped in geotextile with crushed stone sprinkling, or laying a product in coconut coir in bare ground;
• Loam– only perforated drainage in geofabric with crushed stone sprinkling.

Features of drainage corrugated pipes with geotextile

The main advantage of geotextiles can be called its compatibility with any type of pipe, regardless of the material of manufacture. This material is vapor-permeable, which creates additional air exchange and prevents the development of mold and mildew. By itself, geotextiles do not absorb moisture, but only help to redirect it to the drainage pipe. It is resistant to living microorganisms contained in the soil and is completely uninteresting to rodents. It contributes long term service, almost equal to the durability of plastic and polypropylene pipes.

It should be noted that when used, the period between drainage cleanings increases by 4-6 times.

Why perforate drainage lines?

It has already been mentioned that perforation helps to remove excess moisture from the soil. But even here it is worth being careful - fanaticism has not yet led to anything good. If the drainage pipe is too large, and the perforation is very large and frequent, then there is a danger of overdrying the soil of the garden plot.

Good to know! Too large perforation creates the preconditions for the rapid clogging of the drainage with dirt and its silting. Even if the drainage main is clogged by a third, there can be no question of any high-quality outflow of water. Yes, and the well will have to be cleaned quite often.

Manufacturers and features of their products

There are plenty of manufacturers of such products on the Russian market. Each brand has its own distinctive features, in comparison with others, which means it is worth focusing on this. Today we will not list all the companies operating in this segment, so as not to burden the esteemed reader with unnecessary information, but the most famous ones are worth considering.

Drainage pipes "Perfokor" and their features

The technical characteristics of these products are quite good. The company itself positions its products as the best in this segment, although many may argue with this. As the saying goes, “there are no comrades for the taste and color”, and therefore we will give some specifications drainage pipes of this company.

Products of the company "Korsis"

According to the manufacturer, Korsis drainage pipes are manufactured according to a special Italian technology, which allows one and a half times to increase their service life. Installing them is pretty easy. And although there are models that require the use of couplings when connecting, products with a socket on one side are more popular, allowing for “butt” installation.

Turning to the opinions of Internet users, it can be noted that the drainage systems "Perfokor" and "Korsis" have much in common, including the ease of laying the drainage pipe. This means that advising here is a thankless task and home master personally will have to decide which of the manufacturers he likes more.

Pragma drainage pipes and their advantages

With the same two-layer structure, the manufacturer promises ease of laying the pipe even at a frost of -200 ° C, which allows you not to wait for the onset of the warm season. These products are able to withstand fairly large loads, which is quite convenient if the drainage of the courtyard of a private house is installed, where cars will drive in. The installation of drainage pipes of this manufacturer is carried out "in a joint", which eliminates the use of additional devices such as couplings.

Drainage "Soft Rock" from the company "Kanatex"

According to the opinions of Internet users, there are simply no negative qualities in the products of this brand. Easy to install, good quality and not too expensive.

One of the features of this drainage pipe is interesting. Between plastic and geotextile there is a layer of special filler, which provides additional filtration. It is for this reason that, regardless of the type of soil, such drainage pipes are laid without any backfilling in “bare” soil, which significantly reduces installation time.

Uponor drainage pipes: are there any differences from previous options

Drainage systems of this brand do not have any special differences from Perfokor or Korsis. Quality on high level, two-layer structure and various options perforations - everything can be called similar to competitors. The only difference is the black color of the outer layer, but this is more of a visual than a technical difference.

How to make a drainage system in your area

The type of drainage can be closed or open. The closed one involves the use of perforated pipes dug into the ground, while the open one is carried out using trays that can be covered with decorative grilles.

Let's analyze in in general terms how you can do both of these types of drainage with your own hands. In order for the dear reader to understand the algorithm of the whole work, we will present several photo examples with explanations.

Open drainage system and its installation algorithm

A photo	Action to take
	On each tray, which are interconnected by means of special locks, the direction of water flow is indicated. This arrow cannot be ignored. Otherwise, you will have to clean the open drain several times a year.
	At the end of the highway, a special sand trap is installed, where all the dirt that has fallen into the drainage will settle. This is especially true if the words will be produced in the sewer
	Using the mounting level, we derive the required slope of the drainage pipe towards the spillway. A slope of 1-3 cm / m is considered optimal.
	If it is necessary to turn the drainage channel, we mark the necessary area, which is cut out with the help of a grinder
	At the last stage, we fasten the decorative grille, which also performs the function of protection against large debris and foliage, to the special brackets that come with the kit.

Having understood in general terms how an open drainage is mounted, you can proceed to the backfill system.

Removal of excess moisture from the soil

A photo	Action to take
	First you need to dig a trench according to the marks where it is necessary to lay a drainage pipe. There is no point in digging too wide - this will only lead to overspending of rubble
	The trench can be brought outside the site into the gutter. If this is not possible, you will have to equip a drainage well
	We lay geotextiles on the bottom of the trench and pour a small layer of crushed stone. In our case, it was possible not to use bedding, because. a perforated drainage pipe will be laid that already has a geotextile sheath, but we decided that crushed stone would not hurt
	A drainage pipe is carefully laid, which is connected to the drain into the well. To do this, you can use simple screws
	After the work done, we again pour a layer of crushed stone, cover it with geotextiles and sprinkle with soil. Sod can be used to hide the location of the drainage line.

It turns out that the drainage device on the site is not such a complicated process, which the home master is quite capable of doing with his own hands.

Article

During the construction of buildings, one of necessary elements is a high-quality drainage system that will ensure a normal level of water in the area. Drainage pipes for the removal of groundwater allow you to create effective system which will protect the building from the harmful effects of moisture.

To date linear type drainage is of the highest quality, and has been used in construction for more than one century. In our time, these designs have reached the top of engineering technology, since they are made of modern materials created on the basis of frost-resistant plastics and polymer resins. For the fortress, reinforcing materials are used.

Drainage pipes for groundwater

To lower the groundwater level at the site, interconnected hollow products are used, which remove excess moisture into a centralized sewer or into a specially installed drainage well. Installing wells has its advantages, since these designs allow rainwater to filter and enter the soil fairly quickly.

As for the pipes themselves, they have significant differences in their structure and the material used for their manufacture. They may have filter elements or perforations. Nowadays, products made of ceramics and asbestos cement are practically not used, since they have a number of disadvantages:

• a lot of weight, which makes their installation very inconvenient;
• Installation requires specialized knowledge. An inexperienced site owner in this matter will not be able to build a drainage system with high quality;
• clogged with sand and small particles rather quickly.

The main advantages of modern plastic drainage pipes for groundwater drainage

• Long service life up to 60 years.
• High strength. The most reliable are two-layer varieties with external ribs, which allows you to evenly distribute the load.
• As you know, plastic structures are resistant to acids and do not lend themselves to corrosive processes.
• The smooth interior prevents clogging and the accumulation of small particles.
• When using filter elements that trap large particles, it is not necessary to clean the components.
• Light weight and easy installation.
• Depending on the maximum load, you can choose the most optimal diameter.

It should be noted that drainage pipes are significantly different from sewer pipes, since they can pass water through their walls. Depending on the height differences and the characteristics of the site, both two-layer and single-layer products can be used. Elements with two layers have increased strength, which allows them to be mounted at great depths. To drain large volumes of water, it is worth using varieties with a large diameter.

To create an effective drainage system on the site, it is worth making calculations and choosing the most optimal materials. Correct installation is also very important, because of this it is necessary to create slopes. Sometimes drainage is also installed along with storm sewers.

To purchase high-quality and inexpensive drainage pipes for draining groundwater, you should contact the Drainage Shop company. Our online store offers a wide range of products that will allow you to create an effective drainage system. Employees of the company can provide free professional advice and select products based on customer requirements. It should be noted that we provide delivery of goods throughout Russia.

The removal of ground and storm water from the foundation will significantly increase the service life of both the capital building and the summer cottage. A drainage system that is simple in design will protect underground concrete structures from gradual erosion, and basements from flooding. But it is extremely important to prevent the destruction of the very foundation of the structure, right?

A well-designed drainage scheme around the house will help to build an efficient system for collecting and discharging natural water. We invite you to familiarize yourself with carefully selected and verified information based on regulatory documents and the real experience of builders of low-rise buildings.

We will talk in detail about the types of drainage systems, the features of their device, the specifics of operation. We will give arguments in favor of choosing a particular type of drainage. The useful information offered to your attention is supplemented with photos, diagrams and video instructions.

When designing a drainage system, first of all, determine the goals that are planned to be achieved. They may consist in draining the entire site, in protecting the foundation and basement of the house from excess moisture.

Of the existing drainage systems, two main types can be distinguished - open and deep (closed). The first one can be used for needs Agriculture, for drainage from cultivated areas. Closed drainage is used to drain water in summer cottages and cottage areas, to protect buildings from negative impact high GWL.

The organization of the drainage system is necessary with a high groundwater table, which is especially evident during the flood period. Drainage to protect against the aggression of underground water concrete foundation and reduce the hydraulic load

Combined drainage systems are also used. They are often supplemented with storm sewer branches designed for the disposal of atmospheric water. Provided that they are properly designed, they can significantly save on the construction of each system separately.

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#1: Open Drainage Device

Open drainage is the simplest and most economical way to drain water, which can be used under the following conditions:

• the underlying soil layer is clayey, poorly permeable to water, which is why the fertile layer, located 20–30 cm from the surface of the earth, is waterlogged;
• the site is located in a lowland, into which rainwater naturally flows during a period of heavy rainfall;
• there is no natural slope in the relief of the site, which ensures the movement of excess water towards the street.

Open drainage is arranged in areas with high GWL, the mark of which is most often due to the location of the land allotment in a lowland or the clay composition of soils that do not pass or very weakly pass water into the underlying layers.

The drainage system, designed to drain excess groundwater, works great in tandem with a storm drain, the work of which is to collect and remove precipitation (+)

Planning a drainage scheme is best done at the design stage of a house. This will allow you to tie the work and place the storm water inlet under the gutters to the blind area.

Open drainage is considered the simplest and does not require a diagram. It is a trench 0.5 m wide and 0.6-0.7 m deep. The sides of the trench are at an angle of 30 °. They encircle the territory along the perimeter and direct wastewater into a ditch or pit, into a storm sewer.

Areas with a slope towards the street are easier to drain. For this, a gutter ditch is dug in front of the house, across the slope, which will retain water from the garden. Then they dig a ditch, it will direct the runoff towards the street, into a ditch.

If the site has a slope in the opposite direction from the road, then a transverse gutter is dug in front of the fence facade and another longitudinal one is made to the end of the site.

The disadvantage of such drainage is its low aesthetics and the need for regular cleaning of the gutters from silt and dirt, which periodically accumulates in them. This type of drainage is not recommended to be arranged under the road surface, as it leads to subsidence of the soil and deformation of the canvas.

The length of the lines for water flow, the number of wells and sand collectors depends on the area of ​​​​the site, its topography, and the intensity of precipitation in a particular area.

Drainage ditches can be strengthened from erosion with the help of reinforced concrete slabs, stone paving, turf with crushed bottom

If the site is considered to be more or less even, and its level of waterlogging is not too high, then the simplest drainage system can be dispensed with.

Along the foundation of the fence, at the lowest point of the site, they dig a ditch with a width of 0.5 m, a length of 2-3 m and a depth of 1 m. Such a drainage system, although it will protect against a high groundwater level, and cope with precipitation perfectly.

To prevent the edges of the ditch from collapsing, it is filled with rubble, broken glass and bricks. Having filled it, they dig the next one, it is also filled and compacted tightly. Excavated soil is used for filling low-lying places in the territory

Over time, this simple drainage system may become inoperable due to gradual siltation. To prevent this from happening, it can be protected with a geotextile. It is laid on the ground, after backfilling the ditch, the drainage layer is overlapped with it. From above, to hide the ditch, it is sprinkled with a layer of fertile soil.

#2: Building an Efficient Stormwater Drain

Storm sewerage is necessary for the accumulation and removal from the site of water that falls in the form of precipitation. It is equipped with point and linear catchment devices.

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The first type of water collectors is installed under organized risers. The second type of water collectors is located under the slopes of roofs with unorganized drainage.

Water entering the sump moves through an open or closed pipeline. It is diverted either to a common well-water collector, or to a collector well, from which it moves to a centralized sewer network or gutter.

The storm water inlet is a container for collecting water, equipped with outlets for connecting pipes of a linear drainage system. Devices are made of durable plastic or cast iron (+)

The elements of the storm system with point water collectors are also drains, drains, dampers. Some manufacturers provide for the possibility of connecting storm water inlets with roof drains, as well as with underground drainage systems.

In addition, ready-made production models provide for the presence of sand traps and waste bins, which simplify the maintenance of the system.

A device with a decorative grille installed should be located 3-5 mm lower than the level of the track, the ground

This is a system of gutters made of plastic or concrete, which are installed on the site in those places where the accumulation of water is most likely, but highly undesirable.

For a drainage well, choose the most distant place from the house, well, cellar. If there is a natural or artificial reservoir nearby, then water can be drained into it

The collector well in the example is designed to partially discharge the collected water into the underlying soil layers and to partially drain the excess outside the site into a public sewer. Drains from a septic tank, storm water and drainage will be connected to it. To drain excess water, a sewer pipe located below all will be installed.

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#5: Organization of combined systems

On the site near the house, you can also organize a combined drainage system. For example, runoff from drainage and stormwater can accumulate in the same collector well. In this case, the collector for collecting wastewater must be constructed taking into account the load from both systems. In addition, storm sewers may include point and linear water collectors.

With this scheme, storm water and drainage are laid independently of each other (in parallel). Only a collector collecting wastewater from both systems can be common

It must be remembered that mistakes made with a mixed type of drainage can even lead to a rise in ground water levels, flooding of basements and cellars. The main drawback is the discharge of water from the drainage system into the underground drainage system.

When these two systems are combined, water from the roof enters the drains and seeps into the ground. This is especially active during strong and prolonged precipitation. As a result, water, instead of leaving the system, seeps into the soil and saturates it with moisture.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1 Surface drainage scheme and its installation:

Video #2 Do-it-yourself trench drainage system around the house:

Video #3 The nuances of designing and building a drainage system:

When designing a drainage system around a private building, it is highly desirable to first consult a hydraulic engineer. Failure to comply with the rules and conditions of dewatering can lead to subsidence of the soil, houses, roads.

This is especially important to consider when arranging deep drainage. Therefore, it is better to draw up a drainage scheme around the house even at the planning stage, then all the nuances of construction and drainage will be taken into account in one project.

Those wishing to talk about their own experience in the drainage device are welcome to post comments. You can write them in the block below. Here you can ask questions and publish photos on the topic of the article.

If you want your site near the house to be constantly dry and clean, so that the foundation of the house is not exposed to moisture, does not rot and does not collapse, so that puddles do not form and there is no discomfort, then you definitely need drainage. Arrangement is one of the main tasks during the construction of the site with the help of landscape works.

• foundation drainage
• What you need to know when designing a drainage system
  • Installation of drainage pipes
  • Drainage wells
  • Drainage systems
• Types of surface drainage
• Linear water diversion and drainage

Drainage solves the problems of organized withdrawal of groundwater and rainwater to the drainage system. Organized rainwater drainage prevents water from entering through the adjacent groundwater in the basement of the house. There are two main options for water output - linear drainage and spot.

foundation drainage

In high humidity, in order to prevent damage to the house, we recommend that you equip foundation drainage personal plot. This is an engineering structure that protects the house from the action of moisture by removing excess water.

Having equipped drainage on the site, you will protect your home from damage such as:

• mold;
• frost;
• high humidity in the basement (flooding);
• icing and so on.

An effective drainage system and the correct installation of drainage pipes involve the use of material that does not retain moisture, such as crushed stone. A method of laying both drainage and storm sewers is possible. But the top of the edge of the pipes must be below the sole of the base of the house. Crushed stone is poured into the trench with a layer of about 15 centimeters, after which it is leveled according to the specified parameters and rammed. The slope for pipes must be accurately calculated. Turns, bends, etc., are set using flexible parts of the structure.

Seals in the coupling elements are not installed. For the drainage system to work properly, the pipe must be laid so that there is permeable material near it.

The trench of the drainage pipes is covered with earth, from which all stones must be removed. From the foundation to the surface there must be a layer of crushed stone or other material without water penetration. If the house has basements or basements, then it is necessary to waterproof the outer side of the foundation, for example, using a film. You will also be able to change the structure of the soil and adjust the absorption of moisture in this way. The earth and material should be covered at an angle of 1:50 in relation to the house.

Why does soil moisture increase?

Waterlogging of the soil can occur for a number of reasons:

• homestead territory is surrounded by houses with deep foundations;
• the backyard territory is located on a slope from where water flows (stream, groundwater, melted snow, etc.);
• homestead territory is located in a lowland.

What causes high soil moisture

In addition, high humidity can damage the vegetation in the backyard, it can also affect the buildings located in this area. In winter, the wet ground freezes and begins to expand. As a result, layers of soil begin to press on the base of the house. This leads to the fact that the basement becomes unusable, cracks form on the walls, the openings of windows and doors warp.

To prevent this from happening, an effective drainage system is needed. Excess moisture from the surface passes into pipes (drains) connected to each other, and then is removed outside the backyard territory. But this is a rather rough explanation of how the drainage system works, in reality, everything is much more complicated. There are several types of drainage systems that are installed taking into account the characteristics of the soil and the location of the immediate backyard area. For example, clay soil is quite poorly permeable to moisture, and this leads to stagnant water in the area.

Horizontal drainage systems

The most popular now horizontal drainage systems are deep and. To remove water from the roof of the house and drain it outside the territory, a linear drainage is installed.

Deep drainage is considered the most complex system. The state of the entire backyard territory will depend on how the deep drainage system is installed. For the arrangement of this system, you need to be very careful. Moreover, it is not necessary to abuse the shallow installation of drains, this can lead to uneven drainage of the backyard territory. Deep drainage can be laid in separate areas, it is possible throughout the territory according to the principle of parallel lines or Christmas trees. In many ways, the option of installing a deep drainage system implies the presence of all kinds of obstacles and interference on the territory (buildings, fences, trees, etc.). Drains must run perpendicular to the collector, which ensures the withdrawal of water.

What you need to know when designing a drainage system

Varian you the location of the drains and the composition of the soil are the main conditions, without taking into account which any drainage system will be just useless pipes. For soil that does not pass moisture well, systems with frequent drains are installed. For example, for clay soils, systems are installed where drains are every 11 meters, and for sandy soils every 52 meters.

The effectiveness of soil drainage significantly depends on how deep the drains are. Here you need to find a golden mean. So that groundwater does not flood the territory at the same time, and feed the plants. Here it is necessary to take into account not only the composition of the soil, but also the plants growing here. For example, for a traditional English lawn, drains should be installed to a depth of 25 centimeters. The slope with which the drains are laid into the ground depends on the thickness of the drains themselves. The thinner the drainage pipes, the more slope is required.

Installation of drainage pipes

The installation of soil drainage pipes is done in trenches specially made at a given depth. Moreover, the width of the trenches must be at least 3 pipe diameters. Geotextiles are placed on top of the drains, which are then covered with a layer of rubble. The thickness of the rubble must be equal to the diameter of the drain. Then everything is covered with sand and covered with fertile soil. Sometimes, if it is not possible to drain water into tanks or reservoirs, drainage systems are equipped with a pump and a well.

Before starting the arrangement of the ground drainage system, it is necessary to determine the level of groundwater (GWL). To an ordinary person without specialized equipment, it is almost impossible to do it yourself, for this you need to invite specialists who will make a topographic survey of the territory and detailed diagrams site. A specialist can calculate the level of groundwater for any time of the year.

Closed and open ground drainage system

Drainage systems are either closed or open. The latter are quite cheap and easy to work with. To equip an open drainage system, you just need to make gutters throughout the backyard and make sure that the ditches do not clog. Moreover, they must pass under a slope from the building outside the territory of the house.

The closed view has several varieties. A closed system is constructed quite simply: the main element of its installation is the conclusion of soft drains. To do this, you need to make ditches, pour a layer of sand or gravel, and a layer of earth on top.

different kind closed systems is a system of linear water drainage and arrangement of trays for drainage. This drainage system requires a specific definition of the load on the backyard area:

• class "A" - laying paths in the backyard;
• class "B" - arrangement of garages and parking lots for cars weighing up to 5 tons;
• class "B" - arrangement of garages and parking lots for cars weighing from up to 20 tons.

The choice of used trays, safety pads, gratings will depend on the load class. The number of drain lines will depend on the size of the area and the type of soil. The most popular option for installing drainage systems today is the laying of drainage pipes. Most often, polymer pipes are used, which are considered quite durable and reliable.

Drainage wells

No drainage system can do without a well. The drainage well can be rotary, absorbing or receiving. Rotary wells are placed in the areas of sewage turns, it is these wells that give the direction of movement for wastewater.

A water well is needed for withdrawal Wastewater outside the territory. Also, this well can be installed for irrigation of the site.

An absorbing well is installed to drain wastewater into the ground.

Drainage systems

it protective devices used to protect your backyard from the aggressive action of groundwater. Financial investments in these mechanisms are quite high, but the payback time of capital investments is quite fast. Restoration of damaged soil at a cost will be much higher than the price of direct drainage.

Drainage systems are a system of branched pipes connected to each other and have many holes on the walls along a place protected from water. Here comes the water flowing through the ground, which moves to the well for collecting water, located in the lowest part of the territory. The installation depth of the direct drainage depends on the boundary of the accumulation of water in the well.

The underground water accumulated with the help of the drainage system can be used to irrigate the backyard territory or go into the gutter. The absorption of water from the lower layers of the soil is inversely proportional to the depth of the well. According to the level of vegetation located on the site, the need for equipment of the drainage system is revealed. This system is really useful in case the vegetation cannot take root in the conditions, as a result of waterlogging of the soil. The carrying capacity of the soil, taking into account surface and groundwater, varies significantly, which is reflected in the soil.

This is a whole complex of interconnected subsystems and elements, which include a linear drainage system, point drainage, an underground drainage system, a collector well and sewer pipelines.

• Point drainage has two main characteristics: the first is the local collection of melt and rainwater, the other is protection against dirt. In the first installation method, storm water inlets are mounted under roof drains, under irrigation taps and in other places where local water collection is needed. In another variant, shoe-shine systems or mud-protecting complexes are used, which are installed in pits near the door.
• In places where you need an organized and quick removal of melt, rain and other excess (for example, in car washes) humidity, a surface linear system drains. This complex is a segment of successively fixed and buried sand traps and channels of various lengths. On top, they are covered with removable gratings, which have decorative and protective functions.
• Sewer pipelines in complex drainage systems play the role of moving the water collected in the backyard to the final tank (collector). Sewer pipelines are a system that consists of pipes for external sewerage, as well as from many transitional, rotary, connecting, in all kinds of locking and inspection fittings for them.
• An underground drainage system is a network of drainage pipes installed underground in a specific system. At the same time, underground drainage systems have observation wells that serve to control the operation of the system and flushing during flooding. There are two main uses for an underground drainage system: backyard drainage and building foundation drainage. Drainage of the territory of a personal plot can be shallow - to collect melt and rainwater, or deep - to reduce the overall level of groundwater in the territory. The drainage of the base of the house can also be of two types: ring and wall. Wall-mounted is used if the house has a basement or basement, ring - in their absence.
• The drainage system ends with a collector well. These wells can be: water absorption or water intake. The collected water is collected from the water intake well for subsequent irrigation or is discharged outside the territory. The absorbing well is placed without a bottom, and displays the water collected by the drainage system into the lower soil layers.

Also, a roof drainage system plays a very important role in collecting and removing excess water from the territory. It greatly complements the complex drainage system and makes it completely complete.

Types of surface drainage

Now, in addition to deep drainage, which is used to reduce groundwater, another type of drainage system is being installed - surface water drainage and drainage systems. Surface drainage for the withdrawal and collection of water on roads, sidewalks, lawns in backyard and summer cottages, cottages. This drainage, taking into account the use of water drainage elements, is divided into linear and point drainage.

Linear water diversion and drainage

Water diversion and linear drainage systems are installed to collect water over a large area. Their main advantage is that they do not need complex soil preparation. For linear drainage, it is only necessary to organize slopes on both sides of the drain. This linear water drainage allows you to cover a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site and reduce the length of storm sewers, which are much easier to install and maintain than surface water drainage.

So, let's summarize how profitable it is to install a soil drainage system. For most owners country house the drainage system seems like an unnecessary expense. In fact, a huge amount of earthworks, the purchase of polyethylene plastic pipe and protective membranes, install concrete wells for drainage - all these are essential and additional financial expenses. But without this, the house will not last long, it will require significant repairs, and constant moisture will cause serious problems.