- a rather complicated process, for which it is necessary to attract specialized equipment. At home, it is advisable to use equipment made by yourself. In this case the best option there will be a shock-rope method of drilling. For the manufacture of this equipment, you do not need to be a professional and it is enough to use simple and inexpensive materials.

Design features of the equipment used

Percussion-rope drilling of wells implies the consistent destruction of the rock by crushing it. To perform the work, a Schitz drilling tool is used. It consists of a complex of parts.

Cup. When drilling wells by the shock-rope method, it is this tool that is used, which is formed from a pipe segment of a suitable diameter. Its end is sharpened, which improves the cutting of the soil during operation. Also at the end of the pipe may be sharp teeth. This facilitates the process of resolving soil that is formed from wet clay or a mixture of clay and sand. As a result, the soil sticks to the walls of the glass and is removed outside.

Bailer. It is a piece of pipe equipped with a valve. It allows the soil to penetrate inside, but does not let it out. This allows you to clean the well from the rock destroyed during drilling.

It is used for do-it-yourself percussion-rope drilling of wells when it is necessary to destroy rocky soils.

It is installed to facilitate the descent of the impact glass, which ensures the drilling process.

Frame with impact rod. It looks like a tripod. For effective operation, the height of the structure must exceed the length by 1.5 m or more.

Cable. Provides movement of the cutting glass to the required depth. The cable is usually made of steel. It must have a diameter greater than 12 mm. This provides a sufficient margin of safety. The cable must withstand loads of non-standard sizes that may appear during the drilling process.

Advantages and disadvantages of the method

The technology of percussion well drilling has many advantages over other methods:

• using this method, it is possible to qualitatively open the aquifer and exploit it. The life of the well exceeds 50 years;
• percussion drilling does not require the use of water or special drilling fluid. This is very practical;
• using this method to form a well, you can even drill a rock that absorbs flushing fluid very easily;
• the operation of the well can be started immediately after the completion of the whole complex of works;
• impact drilling does not pose a threat to the aquifer. After carrying out the whole complex of works, its clogging is excluded;
• do-it-yourself impact drilling of wells is carried out with the formation of a hole with a large initial diameter;
• with the help of this drilling rig, it is possible to carry out exploration work. The excavation of the rock is carried out throughout the depth.

At the same time, the impact method of drilling wells is not without drawbacks. It is characterized by a low speed of carrying out the entire necessary set of works. Also this method not suitable for areas where loose sandy soils are present, or if it is necessary to form a well of considerable depth.

Features of drilling in different soils

When carrying out cable-percussion drilling with your own hands, depending on the types of soils found, a number of recommendations should be followed.

Soft, non-friable soil

The easiest way to work is with a driving glass. A winch lowers it to the surface of the soil. When a sufficient amount of rock is collected inside the glass, it is removed outside.

loose soil

A bailer with a valve is used. It prevents the spillage of rock, which is extracted only on the surface. In this case, it is mandatory to strengthen the walls of the face. For this purpose casing pipes are used. They go deep into the soil under the influence of their own weight, which allows you to extend the life of the well.

The diameter of the casing pipes should be slightly larger than the drill string, which ensures its passage to the desired depth.

rocky rock

A chisel is used to crush the soil, and a bailer is used to extract it out. To expand the diameter of the well, the use of a casing string is not enough. To do this, use a special expander with moving cutters. It is lowered through the casing pipe. When it reaches the desired depth of the face, the cutters unfold. They cut the soil, which facilitates the movement of the casing string.

Methodology for the manufacture of some designs of a drilling rig

For the effective operation of a homemade drilling rig, it must be equipped with parts.

Small drilling rig

Casing

It is made of plastic, asbestos cement, cast iron or other metal. It begins to be installed at a depth of 4 m. To connect the individual parts, threads are cut at the ends of the pipes or welding is resorted to. If their diameter is less than 50 mm, couplings can be used.

shock rod

For its manufacture, solid steel blanks are used. To make them heavier, concrete is poured inside. Individual structural elements are connected with bolts or flanges. Threading is not allowed. With a strong impact, such a connection is destroyed, which makes it impossible to further use the impact rod.

Bailer

For the manufacture of a part with the simplest design, a pipe section with a diameter of 90 mm, a ball from a bearing, and a steel transition should be used. The last two elements are carefully rubbed with sandpaper. This ensures a tighter fit of the ball to the transition. To weight the bailer, concrete is poured into its upper part.

For its manufacture, several elements are used - a metal case (several holes are drilled to remove water), a support washer, a sleeve.

A comb is installed in the upper part of the castle. In an emergency, with its help, the rope can be lifted to the surface.

The support washer is necessary to protect the body from destruction during impacts on the ground.

The end of the cable is pulled into the sleeve, disconnected into parts and fixed by pouring a light metal alloy.

Drilling technology

It is installed only on a site prepared for work. Mounting homemade device goes into a small hole - a pit. It should have a depth of 2 m and dimensions - 5x1.5 m. This will prevent the collapse of loose soil, which is usually located on the surface itself. The walls of the pit are reinforced with plank shields.

Only on the prepared site is the installation of a tower operating on the principle of UKB. At the same time, the verticality of the installation of the main structural elements is carefully checked. The slightest curvature of the trajectory of the driving projectile will make it impossible to install the casing pipe and further operation of the created structure.

The destruction of the soil begins with the help of a home-made glass from a pipe trim. With a shock rod, it is sharply lowered to the surface from a height of 1.5 m. Using a cable with a winch, the glass is pulled out and the process is repeated from the beginning. If necessary, the driving projectile is changed to a bailer or a chisel, the soil is moistened or a little dry rock is added.

Video: Rope percussion drilling

Percussion-cable drilling of wells- This method is used by specialists very often. This is because it is very simple and has many advantages.

1. procedure percussion-cable drilling of wells can be carried out in absolutely any soil. It is possible to work even in permafrost, in rocks that absorb flushing fluid, and boulder-pebble deposits. This item is one of the most important pluses for any owner of the site.
2. The owner of the site will be able to drill a well using this method on his own. But, if there is no experience and necessary knowledge in this area, it is better to seek help from professionals who will conduct everything necessary work qualitatively and in the shortest possible time.
3. This method does not require heavy equipment. Special installations that will be required for percussion drilling can be almost completely done independently. The only exceptions are some parts that can be purchased at any specialized store. In addition, such installations are quite light and compact.
4. There is no need to supply the units with clay and water.
5. After drilling a well in the shortest possible time, you can use it for its intended purpose, because the shock-rope method allows you to leave aquifers completely clean.
6. Ability to drill wells with a large initial diameter.

It is very interesting that this was known to mankind several millennia ago. It was actively used more than 4 thousand years ago in China. Since then, a huge amount of time has passed, working conditions have changed, new materials, methods and technologies have appeared, but this way drilling is still relevant, efficient and in demand.

Its main characteristics are reliability, the ability to complete the work in a short time and simplicity.

Rope percussion rig

What parts are included in a special installation designed for drilling a well with a shock-rope method?
It consists of a driving glass (this is one of the most important parts), a winch, a shock rod, a strong rope or cable, a block, an installation frame.

driving glass

The driving glass is the main element of the entire installation for percussion drilling. It is made from a piece of pipe. At the bottom of the glass there is a cutting edge, and on it a bevel is made inside the driving glass itself. And on top was an anvil. It is on it that the shock bar hits. This allows you to drive the glass deeper into the ground. The next element - the winch drives the driving glass. She raises and lowers it. With the help of the cutting edge, the glass cuts deep into the rock and captures a certain amount of soil, and then the structure rises to the surface.

shock rod

As a result of several blows of the shock rod, the glass is filled with soil, and the friction force holds it inside. Having raised the glass to the surface, the workers empty it, and then this procedure is repeated the required number of times. True, as a rule, a driving glass is used only in the process of working with non-flowing rocks. Since otherwise there is not enough friction force between the rock particles, and they are not kept inside the glass. For example, sand cannot be lifted to the surface in this way. In this case in the process of percussion drilling another part is used - a bailer. At the bottom of the bailer there is a special valve that the driving glass does not have. This valve opens when the bailer plunges into the ground and, for example, sand gets inside it. Next, the workers perform similar actions - the bailer is lifted up, thoroughly cleaned of loose soil and again repeat the procedure the required number of times.

Drill bit

If specialists work with hard and rocky soils, then an even more durable part is used - a drill bit. Such a chisel hits hard rock and crushes it. At the same time, small rock particles fall to the bottom of the well, and from there they are already removed using a bailer.

Rope and cables

It is worth talking about such important detail like a rope or rope. In order for it to withstand all the loads and cope with its task, you should choose a powerful, durable cable. After all, it is difficult to accurately calculate in advance the degree of load on the cable or rope during operation. After all, he not only lowers both the empty driving glass and the shock rod into the well, the cable also receives an additional load, raising the glass hammered into the ground to the surface. Besides with cable-percussion method of drilling The sleeve can also get stuck in the well if, for example, solid rock particles get between its wall and the sleeve. That is why the diameter of the rope or cable must be at least 10 millimeters.

So that the owner of the site does not have to worry about all these details, it will be much easier to seek help from specialists from a well drilling company. different ways, true professionals will always have .

A private house or a country cottage should be provided with water. Life-giving moisture is needed for growth cultivated plants, which delight the eye with lush flowering and full fruiting.
Do-it-yourself percussion rope drilling of wells, with a seemingly grandiose process, is quite realistic for the possibility of extracting water. Such work can be done independently without the use of heavy drilling equipment.
The article proposes to get acquainted with how the percussion cable method of drilling wells takes place.

What types of water wells are available

So:

• built with a depth of 8 - 12 meters. It differs from an ordinary well in that the top water does not enter the drinking water. It also does not penetrate dirt, dust and various foreign elements.
• On the sand, the well is deepened from 15 to 30 meters using the auger method. In this case, the water well device has the form of a pipe, at the end of the structure there is a section with perforation.
  It is wrapped with a metal mesh made of stainless steel. The filter (perforated section of the pipe) is mounted in coarse sands mixed with pebbles.
  In a small country house or cottage, the need for water allows you to cover the flow rate of the well for sand with two points of water intake. Such structures serve no more than 5 years in operation with periods and up to 15 years - with a constant load.
  Flushing is carried out after siltation or a new trunk is drilled nearby.
• From 15 to 200 meters, depending on the occurrence of limestone, an artesian is drilled. Its construction makes it possible to provide water from one to several country houses.
  Service life up to 50 years. The well is made by depth, which depends on the place where the aquifer is located.

Basic drilling technologies

At the dacha or personal plot a well for water can be drilled by one of the methods:

• Shnekov.
• Rotary.
• Shock-rope.

The listed drilling technologies differ from each other in the methods of destruction of the rock occurring inside, and in the methods of extracting soil from the shaft of the structure.
In each option, it is necessary to use certain equipment that affects the quality of well drilling in different ways. The final price of the work also depends on this.

Shock-rope method

The easiest and most affordable way is percussion cable drilling.
Its peculiarity is that the process can be carried out without the use of heavy special equipment. You can install the installation yourself, in a short time.
Do-it-yourself percussion drilling is the most popular drilling method. It allows you to open aquifers directly from the surface.

The photo shows percussion cable drilling of wells. The technology of this method has been known since ancient times.
This process is mentioned in the writings of Confucius.
In order to drill wells, you need to purchase:

• Glass for driving.
• Cable.
• Winch and block.
• Barbell.
• Installation frame.

The main element of the installation is a driving glass.
Its main elements:

• A piece of steel pipe that is beveled inward and has a strong cutting edge at the bottom.
• On the top of the driving cup there is an anvil, which is hit with a barbell.

When working with a winch, the driving glass is raised and lowered.
The installation action is as follows:

• The rock that enters the glass, due to the force of friction, is held in it.
• To penetrate the ground as deeply as possible, a shock rod is taken, which is thrown onto an anvil.
• When the glass is filled with soil, it rises to the top,
• Cleared.
• The operations are repeated until the required depth is reached.

Tip: Drive-in cups are best used on soft, clayey, non-flowing soils.

How to drill a well in loose soil

If there is loose soil on the site, a bailer should be used. This is a steel pipe, at the bottom of which is a check valve.
When the bailer is lowered into the soil, the valve opens, soil enters the pipe. When the element is lifted, the valve closes. The bailer, after being removed, is cleaned and the process is repeated again.

Tip: To prevent soil spillage during drilling, you need to use casing pipes that clog when deepening. On the first element of the casing pipe, an expansion shoe having the shape of a cone should be located. For unhindered movement of the sleeve barrel inside, its diameter must be less than the diameter of the casing pipe.

How to drill a well in rocky hard ground

A well in such soil is created using a chisel. Grinding of solid rock occurs under its blows.
Subsequently, it is extracted to the surface with a bailer.
On such soil, when installing casing pipes, an expander should be used, which provides the structure with the required diameter.
Driving is carried out in a layer of soil, which is located below the level of the aquifer. Then the accumulated liquid is pumped out and the bottom of the well is cleaned from a mixture of water and soil using a bailer.

Advice: When percussion-rope drilling of a well using a driving glass, it is necessary to add soil before starting work. This will create a more viscous mass and facilitate the drilling process.

The strength of the cable is of great importance. It depends on its reliability whether it can withstand the load when the glass is jammed for driving. A steel cable is well suited, its diameter should be at least 12 mm.

Tip: When constructing a well, its verticality must be strictly controlled. At the slightest deviation, the casing pipes will not lower, and work cannot be continued. Facilitates the process of drilling driven glasses up to two meters long.

What to consider when installing casing pipes

An additional casing is required for a dug well. It can be made in one piece from an asbestos-cement pipe and individual cuts from asbestos pipes.
The process of working with cuts requires special attention to the equal diameter of the pipes in order to ensure the free immersion of the entire structure in the future. All pipe links are kept from slipping and secured with staples.
These elements are then covered with strips made of stainless steel.

The water well can be “lined” with plastic or steel pipes.
The instruction indicates that the "casing" of the pipe is needed for:

• Prevention of wall shedding during drilling.
• Exceptions for clogging operation.
• Overlapping aquifers of the upper layers, where there is bad water.

The pipe with the filter sinks to the bottom. The filter is made of fine mesh, which does not allow grains of sand to pass through and provides water filtration.
The pipe, lowered to the desired depth, is fixed with a clamp. This will prevent spontaneous subsidence.
The above-ground part of the structure, with the correct arrangement of the well for water, is covered with a caisson or cap. It protects the source from contamination.
Made in the form of a tank with a hatch, the diameter of which allows you to freely penetrate to the water well.

Advantages and disadvantages of the shock-rope method

Benefits include:

• Long service life.
• You can build sources of large diameter.
• There is no risk of harmful impurities entering the water during drilling.
• To control the water content of the horizon and the water level in it.
• Economic efficiency of drilling in winter.

The disadvantages include:

• Limited penetration depth of wells in places of loose soils.
• When drilling wells to a greater depth - low speed of passage of rocks.

What is air percussion drilling

Drilling with the use of a pneumatic hammer as a working body - pneumatic percussion drilling. In this case, the downhole motor is immersed in the well and the unit operates from the energy generated by compressed air.
DTH hammer can drill wells for various purposes open rocks high and medium strength with a diameter of 110 to 152 mm. It can also be abrasive, destroyed and fractured soils, which can be drilled to a depth of 30 to 150 meters, which depends on the working pressure of the energy carrier created at the exit to the pneumatic hammer, which, together with the drill bit, constitutes the working body of the drilling machine.
This is a pneumatic percussion device with a spoolless air distribution system, having a central supply of compressed air to the working chambers of the cylinder and a central exhaust of previously exhausted air through the drilling tool channel to the bottom of the well.
The main advantages that pneumatic percussion drilling of wells has:

• Easy drilling.
• There is no jamming when drilling through fractured and destroyed rocks of drill bits.
• Efficient bottomhole sludge removal.
• Convenient and quick tool change.
• Pneumatic hammers have high durability and high drilling performance.

With the use of stationary drilling rigs, pneumatic percussion drilling of deep wells is carried out, and for explosive drilling, light, medium and heavy drilling rigs are used. For machine tools, compressed air is supplied from stationary or mobile compressors.
The dust that is generated during drilling is suppressed by dust collectors or an air-water mixture.
How wells are drilled with the percussion cable method can be clearly seen in the video. This article discusses only some of the recommendations for the construction of wells.

The simplest and most acceptable way to construct a hydraulic structure is percussion-rope drilling. The main feature of this method of performing work is that it does not need to use complex specialized equipment. In addition, the assembly of the drilling rig is carried out in the shortest possible time. All these features have led to the fact that this technology is very often implemented by the owners of suburban areas to make a water well with their own hands. Using this technique, it is possible to open surface water horizons with the highest quality.

• a winch with a block for lifting and dropping a projectile;
• drill rod;
• special driving glass;
• drilling rig frame;
• a cable that is attached to the glass and the winch.

The main working tool in this technology is a glass. If you do the work yourself, then it can be made from a piece of thick-walled steel pipe. This product must have sufficiently high strength and significant mass. In this case, the lower edge of the pipe may have notches or be sharpened to facilitate loosening of the rock. The driving glass in the upper part has a special anvil, on which blows are made with the help of a rod.

As the glass is hammered into the ground, rock accumulates in it, which is held there due to the force of friction. Periodically, the glass must be removed from the face in order to remove the accumulated soil from it. To do this, you need a winch with a cable.

The impact rod allows you to plunge the glass deeper into the rock. To do this, the bar is dropped from above onto the anvil. Such actions are repeated many times until the glass is completely filled with rock. After that, it is removed to the surface, thoroughly cleaned of soil and lowered into the face again.

The whole procedure is repeated until the penetration reaches the aquifer. As you can see, percussion well drilling is a fairly simple technology that can be implemented by hand. What's more, you don't need to buy expensive equipment to work, a conventional drilling rig is easy to DIY, which will save you a lot of money.

Advantages and disadvantages

The percussion method of drilling wells, like any other method, has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of this technology include the following:

1. In the process of performing work, separate rock samples can be taken.
2. The peculiarity of the technology makes it possible to perform wells with a significant initial diameter - more than 50 cm. To do this, it is necessary to make a glass of the appropriate size.
3. The well can be operated immediately after the work is completed, since they do not use flushing solutions that can pollute the water in the horizon.
4. The opening of the horizon occurs with the highest quality (without clogging with rock and clay from the washing solution), so the water in the source retains its original characteristics.
5. Drilling operations can be successfully performed in pebble-boulder layers and rocks that absorb flushing fluids.
6. Since no washing liquids and water are used during the work, the working tool is not so heavily soiled and worn out.
7. This technique allows you to most quickly and efficiently open and test the aquifer.
8. The service life of a well created by this method is significantly increased.
9. During operation, it is possible to control the water level in different rock layers.
10. Economically high drilling efficiency in winter.

Despite such a large list of advantages, this technique has its drawbacks, among which are the following:

1. Shock-rope technology drilling can be carried out only vertically.
2. When arranging wells of considerable depth in the course of work, certain difficulties may arise.
3. In sandy soils, this drilling technology does not allow work to be carried out. Even using a special tool does not solve the problem.
4. The most significant drawback of this method is the low speed of work.

Used tools and equipment

Main working tools and devices:

• a chisel is used to destroy the soil;
• to extract the destroyed rock to the surface, you need a bailer;
• a drilling projectile is also needed, which consists of a shock rod, special scissors, a lock and a rope.

Important: you also need an auxiliary tool to work. With its help, the assembly and installation of the drilling projectile is carried out. This includes a wrench and open-end wrench, a screwdriver, a long ratchet.

To work with casing pipes, you will need special tools, among which are a driving head, shoe, clamps and shells.

Extender

When drilling in hard rocks, a special expander is used. It helps to cut the rock from the walls of the well. The reamer has movable cutters that fold in as it travels through the casing. After the reamer reaches the desired location in the penetration and is in contact with the rock, the cutters open thanks to a special spring mechanism.

Attention: when the reamer cutters cut the rock from the walls of the penetration, the diameter of the hole increases.

To pass through the intermediate aquifer, casing pipes are installed. They are clogged below the aquifer. As this layer passes, water is pumped out and the mixture of soil and water is removed from the bottom of the penetration with the help of a bailer. If a driving glass is used, then the mixture at the bottom must be given the necessary density. For this, soil is poured into the face.

Casing

• These products protect the well from rock shedding from the walls during drilling, accompanied by mechanical action.
• Do not allow water from the upstream water horizons to enter the well.
• Protect the bottom of the well from contamination during operation.

Casing pipes are clogged simultaneously with the deepening of the penetration. The first section of pipes must be equipped with an expansion cone-shaped shoe. In order for the driving glass to move freely inside the pipes, their cross section must be greater than its width.

Bailers

With the help of a bailer, you can scoop liquid from the bottom of the well, supply cement mortar or take water for analysis when passing an intermediate water horizon.

There are three types of bailers:

• A pipe with a concave or flat valve located at the bottom. On top of the pipe there is a handle for attaching the cable.
• A bailer with a piston that sucks in a mixture of water and soil at the moment of impact with the rod.
• Pneumatic bailer, consisting of two chambers (sand and air). The filling of this product occurs due to the occurrence of the necessary pressure in the chamber.

In turn, the bailer of the first variety is called a valve bailer and can have one of three types of valves:

• Using a flat valve, the well is cleaned of silt. It can be rubber, steel or a combination.
• A ball valve with metal teeth welded to it can grind the rock well.
• carburetor valve.

Features of drilling in different soils

The technology for performing drilling operations using this technique is directly related to geological conditions. Consider the main stages and subtleties of drilling in sand, clay and gravel.

Sand

To work in sandy soils and quicksand, a bailer equipped with a flat valve is used. At the same time, the walls of the penetration are simultaneously reinforced with casing pipes.

In clean and water-bearing sandy soil, bailers with shortened shock rods are used. Technological features of work in such rocks require the frequency of impacts to be reduced to a minimum.

Important: it is strictly forbidden to lower the product below the fixed casing shoe by more than 0.5 m. Otherwise, a collapse may occur with the capture of the bailer itself in the process.

When drilling in sandy rock, the bailer is filled with a mixture of sand and water. It is important to ensure that the bailers do not overflow. Otherwise, the rock will be thrown up and lead to jamming of the product. When working in quicksand, they try to carry out the whole process as quickly as possible without stopping.

Gravel

To perform drilling in gravel or gravel rock, an I-bit is used. In this case, only a bailer with a flat valve, as well as a low-set shoe, is suitable.

When the penetration depth reaches 15 m, any suitable bailer can be used. The drilling machine can be used when drilling in gravel-sandy soils. In this case, the bailer can be without a valve.

Clay

In viscous clay, work is carried out with the help of a chisel with blades welded at the end, from which the product acquires a cruciform shape. When working with such a tool, five liters are added to the well aqueous solution. The drilling procedure itself lasts no more than a few minutes, after which the well cuttings are removed with the help of a bit.

Important: if boulders are encountered along the way, they are crushed with a weighted chisel.

One of the main problems that owners of country houses have to face is the water supply of the site. If it is possible to use the services of a special company that will drill a well, the problem is solved quickly.

If this is not possible, you have to do drilling work yourself. And first of all, you need to decide on the technology of drilling a well. One of the most common and affordable is the shock-rope method.

Shock Rope Technology

Percussion wireline well drilling technology is quite simple. Therefore, it has long earned popularity among homeowners and drillers. Its main advantages are the simplicity of the design of the installation itself and the ease of work. Even a fairly deep well, it is quite possible to do it yourself. And this allows you to significantly save the budget.

The principle of percussion drilling is to use a heavy hollow projectile, which is also called a bailer. It is dropped into the well and, due to its own weight and falling speed, crashes into the ground. In this case, the soil is collected in the cavity of the bailer.

Shock-rope installation

Drilling principle:

• a small pit is torn in the place where the well is drilled. It is needed for the subsequent arrangement of the pit, and also so that the top layer of loose soil does not fall into the well;
• a tripod of a drilling rig is installed above the pit;
• a projectile is suspended from it on a thick rope. It is advisable to take the thickness with a margin of safety, otherwise the bailer may break, and it will be problematic to get it out of the well;
• the projectile rises above the hole and is dropped down;
• then, the same operation is repeated several times;
• after that, it is removed and cleaned of the accumulated soil.

Thus, the drilling process is quite simple.

Pros and cons of technology

Naturally, any technology has its pros and cons. Unfortunately, we cannot do without this, the ideal has not yet been invented.

Advantages of the method:

So, the main advantages of the technology are the simplicity and cheapness of the work.

Flaws:

• the drilling process is slow;
• the method is not suitable for some types of sandy soils;
• only strictly vertical wells can be made.

It turns out that the main drawback of the technology is the low speed of work. However, with self-drilling, this is unlikely to become a serious obstacle. Another disadvantage is the difficulty in making holes that are too deep.

Necessary equipment

As mentioned above, the design of the installation is quite simple. It includes:

• tower, which is made in the form of a tripod. In height, it must exceed the length of the projectile, otherwise it simply cannot be pulled out of the well. Also, in the manufacture of the tower, the height of the casing should be taken into account - it will protrude from the ground;
• projectile for drilling;
• rope or winch to lift the projectile.

The tripod is made of steel pipes. It is advisable to use a material with thick walls, because. She will have to withstand a lot of stress. Also, it is worth initially considering a collapsible option. This will make it easier to store and transport.

projectile

The most important element of the installation is the drill tool. In fact, it is a piece of round steel pipe. It must have the following characteristics:

• be heavy - the drilling efficiency depends on the weight. Therefore, it is made from a thick-walled pipe and, if necessary, is additionally weighted;
• long - the size of the pipe is 1.5-2 meters;
• have cutouts for easy extraction of collected soil.

Depending on the type of soil, the following can be used as a projectile:

• driving glass - for loose soils;
• bailer - for loose and watery layers;
• chisel - for the passage of hard rocks.

driving glass

This type of projectile is used for soft and not too loose soils. Of all existing species, it has the simplest design. It is quite simple to make a driving glass for a well with your own hands. In fact, this is a simple piece of a round pipe. Pointed edges are made at the lower end so that the glass enters the ground more easily. Another option is to cut small teeth.

driving glass

A strong hat is made on the upper edge, it is also called an anvil. It is needed so that the projectile can withstand the blows of the drill rod, due to which the glass is driven into the soil.

Due to the fact that the soil is dense, it is kept in the driving pipe without any problems and does not fall out of it when it is taken out.

Bailer

If drilling is done in sandy soils or watery layers are passed, then the driving glass cannot be used. All due to the fact that the sand does not have a high density and will simply spill out of the pipe.

In this case, a projectile called a bailer is used. By the way, it is also used when it becomes necessary to clean a silted well.

It is a segment of a round pipe with a valve at the bottom.

They are of two types:

1. Petal.
2. Ball.

The end of the pipe is sharpened in the same way as in the case of a driving glass. The principle of drilling using a bailer is that when it hits the bottom of the well, the valve opens. At the same time, soil is collected inside the pipe, and when the projectile is raised, the valve closes and the contents are held inside the pipe.

Bit

For the passage of hard stony soils, versions with a driving glass and a bailer are not suitable. In these cases, a special drill bit is used.

Thanks to its tips, the rock splits, and then rises to the top with the help of a bailer.

Application of shock-rope technology on different soils

One of the advantages of this technology lies in the fact that it is suitable for almost all types of soil. The only exceptions are some sand types, however, the use of special technologies is required here.

However, for the passage of different soils, it is required to change the equipment, i.e. the projectile itself. The very principle of operation remains unchanged. How to do percussion cable drilling of wells with your own hands can be seen in this video:

Sand

As already mentioned above, a bailer is used for sandy soils, because. from the driving glass, the sand will simply spill out.

Drilling technology is as follows:

• the bailer is thrown down and due to the impact on the ground, the valve opens and a little soil is collected into it;
• then the operation is repeated, however, in contrast to the version with a driving glass, the bailer does not rise too high. Usually the rise is done by 30-40 cm;
• for 3-4 repetitions, the pipe is filled, after which it rises out.

When passing sandy soils, there is a high probability of shedding of the walls of the well. Therefore, in parallel with drilling, the hole must be reinforced with a casing. At the same time, its diameter must exceed the diameter of the bailer, otherwise it will simply get stuck in the well.

At the lower end of the first part of the casing, a slight expansion is made. This allows it to cut off some soil from the walls of the hole when moving down. Because the sandy layers are soft, there are no problems with this.

Hard ground

When rocky soils are encountered, a chisel has to be used. In this case, the drilling technology looks like this:

• when it hits hard rocks, the equipment of the installation changes;
• a chisel is lowered into the well, with which stones are crushed;
• then with a bailer, crushed stones are taken out.

As in the case of sand, the well is reinforced with a casing. However, one must take into account the fact that the pipe will not be able to cut off excess soil from the walls of the well. Therefore, a special chisel with an expander is used. The expander is a folding teeth, which are driven by a spring mechanism.

Those. when folded, it easily passes through the inside diameter of the casing and then expands. This makes it possible to cut off the rock that interferes with the passage of the casing string.

Features of percussion drilling

Like any other technology, it has its own nuances:

• when passing sand layers and especially quicksand, the bailer must not be allowed to completely sink below the casing. Otherwise, it can move a lot, and in this case it will be very problematic to get it.
• the cable for hanging the projectile must be steel and have a margin of safety;
• It is advisable to ensure that the bailer does not overflow. If the soil starts to get stuck between the projectile and the column, it may jam;
• in the manufacture of an impact projectile, it is necessary to provide hooks. They are needed in order to be able to get it out of the well if the cable breaks;
• if a deep well is being made, it makes sense to equip the installation with a motor with a gearbox through which a winch can be connected. This will greatly facilitate the work.

Thus, the impact method allows you to independently make wells on a personal plot. Moreover, this does not require the involvement of special equipment, and the installation can be done without problems on your own.