Few country or a private house boasts connection to the main heating system. In the vast majority of cases, the care of choosing and designing heating systems in such dwellings falls on the shoulders of their owners. There are a lot of options to choose from, but many of them also depend on external conditions. So, the lack of gas supply does not allow part to build a heating system based on gas boilers. Systems based on liquid fuel requires compliance with strict safety standards and special qualifications during installation and operation. A reasonable choice in this case would be the purchase of electric boilers for heating a private house. Modern industry produces a lot of modifications of such devices for any operating conditions.

Types of electric octoles for heating private houses

In order to understand what kind of electrically heated boiler can become the basis for the construction of a heating and hot water supply system in your home, you need to understand their fundamental structure.

The main elements of electric boilers

Regardless of the power of the electric boiler and its main purpose, it consists of the following main elements:

• The body, which serves as a container for all the components.
• Heat exchanger, which serves to transfer heat from the heating element to the heat carrier tank,
• Control, control and adjustment blocks.

A number of models of electric boilers, in addition, may have built-in circulation pumps to ensure the movement of the coolant, valves that redirect its flows.

A modern electric boiler is a high-tech device that heats flowing water with maximum efficiency, while operating in a completely autonomous mode. Even a child can operate such equipment - it is so safe and simple. Also, modern electric boilers have a fairly high efficiency, which will allow you to avoid extra bills for the electricity spent.

There is a great variety among the design of such electric heaters. They come in a variety of shapes, with wall or floor placement.

The principle of operation of electric boilers

Almost all electric boilers operate on the same principle: a heating element is placed in the heat exchanger, which, after being fed to it electric current starts to give off heat. The coolant entering the heat exchanger (usually simple tap water, and in closed heating circuits water with special additives or antifreeze) is heated after contact with the heating element.

By the way, water can be heated not only by a traditional heating element (that is, a heating coil enclosed in a protective casing), but also by induction or electrode methods. However, it is electric boilers with heating elements that have received the greatest distribution, both among imported and among domestic models.

The power supply of heating boilers is also the most diverse. They can be powered by standard household 220 volts, or they can have industrial power supply with three phases of 380 volts. There are even modifications powered by batteries.

What is bad and what is good in electric boilers?

The undoubted advantages of electric boilers designed for heating private houses include:

• Very simple installation, which is accessible even to inexperienced users.
• If there is good electrical wiring in the house that can withstand the required current, such a boiler does not require additional electrical work. It is also extremely simple and water distribution when installing an electric boiler.
• Such a boiler does not need to be installed in separate room. The security measures during its installation are quite gentle and it can be located in any utility room.
• Electric heating boilers differ in better side from their gas and solid fuel counterparts in weight and size.
• Such boilers are very easy to maintain, do not require constant cleaning and routine maintenance.
• The electric boiler does not emit combustion products and is an absolutely environmentally friendly device.
• The efficiency of modern electric boilers reaches 98 percent, which saves on heating.

But the operation of electric heating boilers carries some disadvantages:

First of all, a boiler powered by electricity is very critical to the quality of the electrical wiring in the house. Installation of such systems in old buildings may require additional costs for the installation of electrical wiring of the required section.

In some cases, the energy consumption of a heating boiler can lead to additional costs, especially in areas with high electricity tariffs.

What to consider when choosing an electric boiler

In order to correctly choose the model of an electric boiler for heating and hot water supply of your home, you first need to determine the required power of the electric boiler. On sale are both modest wall-mounted electric boilers with a capacity of 2.5 kilowatts, and stationary installations, the effective power of which is measured in tens of kilowatts.

To calculate the required power of the electric boiler, you can use a fairly simple formula - divide the area of ​​\u200b\u200bheated premises by 10. The resulting figure will show the required power of the electric boiler in kilowatts. So, if you plan to heat a house with an area of ​​​​90 square meters, then the minimum required power of the electric boiler will be 9 kilowatts.

Such factors as the material from which it is built, the degree of insulation and outdoor climatic conditions will significantly affect the figure of electricity consumption for electric space heating. All this can give significant adjustments to the required power. Automation of the heating process can also significantly reduce energy consumption - maintaining several temperature conditions automatically switched by timer. In this case, the heating will not provide maximum heating during your absence, but only maintain the minimum required temperature level.

The cost of electric boilers

The price range for heating electric boilers is as wide as their model range. The price of such devices depends both on the power and on the implemented functions. In addition, the final cost of installing an electric heating system is significantly affected by the purchase of additional equipment.

Several thousand rubles cost a small wall-mounted device that can provide an acceptable temperature in a small country house, but for an apartment building the price of such equipment will already be several tens of thousands of rubles.

How to install an electric boiler in a private house?

Modern electric boilers, despite all their high technology, are fairly simple devices to install. circuit diagram installation of a typical heating electric boiler is shown in the figure.

However, as the design of the boiler becomes more complex, the inclusion of additional circuits in the heating system, the installation of such devices becomes more complicated. Developed systems include not only heating circuits (of which there may be several according to the number of rooms in the house), but also a hot water supply circuit. Each circuit can be equipped with individual temperature sensors, drain and shut-off valves, inlet filter for heating water, circulation pumps.

Therefore, the installation of a heating system based on an electric boiler in a private house must begin with a detailed project. The project should reflect the required power of heating electrical equipment, calculate the required number and length of pipelines for organizing the circuits of heating and hot water supply systems, as well as all peripheral equipment.

After drawing up the project and calculating the power, an audit of the power supply system is carried out - if necessary, new wires are laid, a separate emergency switch is placed in the switchboard.

In the future, the installation of the heating and water supply system is carried out according to general rules building such systems. With self-assembly, at least at the stage of calculation and drafting of the project, we recommend that you use the advice of specialists.

Electric boilers for heating a private house: video

When choosing a heating system for their own home, the owners, of course, first of all considering installing gas boiler, since this type of heating is by far the most economical. But here's the problem - gas supply lines are still far from reaching all settlements, or it happens that gas wiring to the house is unaffordable in terms of financial capabilities and due to the mass of preparatory and conciliatory procedures. Heating on solid or liquid fuels is not always convenient - it requires special skills in handling stoves or boilers, compliance with increased fire safety requirements, construction of a chimney system in accordance with all the rules to prevent poisoning by combustion products. And besides, in some regions of our country, which are not rich in forests, the supply of firewood or coal can be a problem.

In this case, the most relevant is the electric heating of a private house. Surely, many immediately associate with oil-filled electric radiators or reflectors, which are neither particularly efficient nor economical. Of course, with this approach, at current electricity prices, heating will cost a lot of money. However, not everything is so clear. There are many ways to use electricity to heat your home, and some of them may well compete with gas systems.

The publication will consider the existing possibilities for organizing electric heating of a private house. Read, draw conclusions so that you can make a decision in favor of one or another option.

Just a few words about those electric heaters that are known to everyone, probably from childhood:

• Heating reflectors, usually with one or more spirals, placed in transparent quartz glass tubes. Such devices create a directed flow of thermal energy, but are only capable of heating either very small rooms, or a very limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. At the same time, it is impossible to call them economical - usually they do not provide for any automatic adjustments, except for changing the set heating level of the spiral.

Fan heater - not even considered as heating

• Thermal fans - drive the air flow through the heat exchanger (most often an open nichrome spiral acts as this). The heated air flow can only increase comfort in a certain area and for a very short time. Something that can be very good for a small office, in a residential country house will give no effect. In addition, prolonged operation of such a device burns quite strongly, dries the air in a closed room. Some modern models work on the principle of mixing air from outside, but all the same, it is impossible to consider such devices as home heating.

Oil cooler - good only for additional local heating

• Oil radiators are heavy heaters with a pronounced ribbed shape, similar to classic cast iron radiators. They can be mobile (many even have wheels to make them easier to move around the room), or permanently installed.

Such radiators are able to heat up to very high temperatures and give off energy in the form of direct thermal radiation and the creation of convection currents. Their ribbed shape significantly increases the area of ​​active heat exchange.

Oil radiators usually have step or smooth adjustment of the heating medium heating temperature, have good thermal inertia - even after turning off they are able to stay warm for quite a long time. However, their efficiency is low, and such devices are usually used as additional heating, to help the main one, when the need arises. It will simply be unprofitable to build the entire heating system based on oil coolers.

Water heating system with electric boiler

The organization is described in great detail in the corresponding publication of our portal.

The main feature of such a system under the conditions considered in this article is that the liquid coolant receives heating only from an electric boiler. This determines several parameters characteristic of it:

• Such a system should be designed exclusively for forced circulation. The reason is simple - the installation of a circuit for natural circulation will lead to significant losses in power, heat transfer rate, uneven heating of the premises, and in the end - all this will necessarily affect the unnecessary consumption of expensive electricity. The consumption of the pump cannot be compared with these losses.
• For the same reason, to avoid absolutely unnecessary losses, systems with electric boilers never done by open type, that is, an expansion membrane tank with the appropriate safety group must be installed.

Now - more about the types of heating electric boilers.

Boilers with heating elements

These units use the conventional resistance heating principle. metal conductor during the passage of electric current (a direct analogy with electric stoves, irons, incandescent bulbs, etc.) however, given that the heating elements are in contact with a liquid coolant, they are dressed in reliable insulation and a waterproof case. All this, of course, affects rather large energy losses, insufficiently high efficiency of such devices (usually around 80%). To ensure proper heating of a constantly circulating coolant, it is necessary either to sharply increase the power of the heating element, or increase their number, which reduces the overall efficiency of the heating system.

The layout of the boilers is different - from the usual rectangular shapes with controls on the front panel to cylinders with “bundles” of heating elements located inside and with a control unit placed in a separate box.

Designers are constantly improving their products, equipping them with automation that maintains the required level of heating, turns on the heating elements in stages as needed, and turns off the power when the required temperature is reached. But still, such boilers are among the most uneconomical, and their installation as the main heat generator will not be justified even by the low price of such devices.

Boilers of the electrode principle of operation

Of all the electric boilers, these are probably the most controversial. At one time, they were presented as practically no alternative in terms of performance and economy. However, a flood of critical remarks on their work soon followed.

The way they work is completely different. The coolant is not simple water, but brought to the state of an electrolyte - a conductive liquid. Frequency oscillations of the variable network (50 Hz) cause corresponding oscillations of the electrolyte ions, which gives it a quick heating.

The advantages of such boilers are as follows:

• They are small in size and do not differ in large mass, with a sufficiently high heating power.

This allows, for example, to combine their use by installing a kind of "batteries" from several small boilers, which can be included in the system as needed.

• Such boilers are completely insensitive to mains voltage surges within fairly large limits (± 15 ÷ 20% ). For their operation, the stability of the frequency of the alternating current is more important.
• They have fast heating and good efficiency (according to the manufacturer - 20% more economical than heating elements), while their cost is low. The declared efficiency of such a device is up to 98%.
• If the boiler is tied metal pipes, then this expands the ionization zone of the coolant and gives a noticeable increase in system performance.
• From the point of view of fire safety - such a boiler, in principle, cannot overheat, if suddenly there is no coolant in the pipes - it simply will not turn on.

However, a lot of criticism can be heard against such boilers:

• There are special requirements for purity and certain chemical composition coolant electrolyte. In case of non-compliance with such requirements, all the advantages of the boiler are simply lost.
• Power instability is one of the characteristic features t t of such equipment. The intensity of heating is very dependent on both the chemical composition and the temperature of the electrolyte, since when it changes in any direction, the electrical conductivity also changes.
• Such a system is very difficult to adjust and automate the heating process.
• Regular cleaning of the entire heating system is required, as it will tend to salt overgrowing of pipe cavities.
• At least once a year, it is required to clean the heat exchanger of the boiler itself and to correct the chemical composition of the coolant.
• Installation and operation of such equipment is not possible if electrical network home is not equipped with a reliable grounding circuit.

Boilers of the inductive principle of operation

These boilers are often considered the most advanced of all electric boilers. The principle of their operation is strikingly different from those described above. To understand it, you can remember the school physics course, and specifically, the operation of an electrical transformer.

If you do not go into details, then briefly it looks like this. If an alternating electric current passes through one conductor (primary winding), then a voltage is induced in the other, located in the resulting electromagnetic field (secondary winding). When the circuit of the secondary winding is closed, it also begins to flow alternating current, which causes resistive heating of the conductor.

• It is this principle that is applied in induction boilers of the SAV type.

The coil is hermetically sealed primary winding, which is nowhere in contact with the liquid. But the role of a secondary closed winding is an internal labyrinth system of pipes through which the coolant is pumped. Heating occurs very quickly and evenly, there is no energy loss, so the efficiency of such boilers approaches 100%.

The efficiency of the boiler is also increased by the physical principle of self-induction - currents passing through a closed secondary circuit generate so-called reactive additional power, and its values ​​\u200b\u200bare very significant.

Typically, boilers of this type are massive metal cylinders of various diameters and heights. So, the smallest boiler in this “line” is SAV -2.5, has a diameter of 120 mm, a height of 450, and at the same time weighs 23 kg. Its power (2.5 kW) will be enough to heat a room up to 30 m².

Installation of such a device is not difficult, as there are threaded pipes for inserting it into the system, a control unit for connecting to the mains.

• Induction tols are arranged and work somewhat differently. VIH(vortex induction heaters).

The mains supply voltage undergoes preliminary conversion to high-frequency, which gives a rapid increase in the strength of the electromagnetic field and, accordingly, the strength of the currents it generates. But there is no secondary winding in this circuit - everyone plays its role metal surfaces boilers, which are made of alloys with pronounced ferromagnetic properties. Induced surface eddy Foucault currents cause the effect magnetization reversal, which is always accompanied by almost instantaneous and very strong heating of ferromagnetic materials. It turns out that almost all massive parts of the device are involved in heat transfer, which determines its highest efficiency (efficiency - 99%).

Boilers VIH quite heavy: the smallest of them, with a power of 3 kW, weighs 30 kg with relatively small dimensions - a cylinder diameter of 122 mm and a height of 620 mm. Such a "baby" will cope with heating 40 m². If desired, you can purchase a more powerful device (the product line is quite wide) or install a “battery” of several VIN boilers, which will provide additional benefits when operating the heating system.

"Battery" of six boilers VIN

Summing up the boilers of the induction principle of operation - briefly about their main advantages:

• In such heaters, there is no formation of scale or salt deposits - the work is accompanied by high-frequency microvibrations, which do not allow precipitation to settle on the walls. The efficiency of the device in the course of even a very long operation does not decrease.
• Any liquid can be used as a heat carrier - there are no special requirements for its chemical composition.
• There are practically no vulnerable nodes in the design of the boilers - there is no contact between the coolant and the electrical part. There is simply nothing to break in them and their service life is limited only by the state of the welds, and this is tens of years.
• Warming up is very fast, and electronic control units make it easy to fine-tune the heating system. At the same time, induction boilers are the most “safe” in terms of fire and electrical safety.
• Both calculations and results practical application show energy savings using such boilers up to 35 ÷ 40%, when compared with cats of similar power, operating on a different principle (electrode or heating elements).

Among the shortcomings, the following can be noted:

• Some owners complain about a slight vibration noise during their work.
• The boilers are very heavy and require special attention when mounted on walls.
• The equipment is quite expensive - even the most low-power induction boilers cost about 30 thousand rubles. However, this should quickly pay off by saving electricity.

To finish the topic with a water cooling system from an electric boiler - one more important note. Whatever the unit is, it will be possible to talk about profitability only if the house has good thermal insulation and modern heating radiators with their own thermostats are installed. Old cast-iron batteries in this situation will simply ruin the owner.

Video: how to choose the right electric heating boiler

Electric convectors

The organization of a water heating system is always a large-scale work on laying pipelines, inserting batteries, installing circulation pumps, special safety devices and much more. Is it possible to do without all this if you plan to heat the house using electricity? Yes, installation of electric convectors will help to avoid such problems.

Outwardly, these devices most often resemble familiar heating radiators - they are installed vertically on walls or under window openings. Closed heating elements are located inside, which do not cause the effect of "drying out" of the air. The layout of the device is designed in such a way that cold air penetrates into it from below through the slatted bottom, receives heat from the heating elements and, leaving through the upper grate, creates a stable convection upward flow.

Convectors are always equipped with built-in thermostats that monitor the temperature in the room and turn off the heating when the values ​​​​set by the users are reached. This ensures a sufficiently high efficiency of such a heating system.

The use of convectors provides a number of advantages:

• There is no need to install complex piping, with all its risks of leakage, freezing, etc. The owner of the house can handle the installation of such a heating system quite independently.
• There is no need to equip a separate room for the boiler room.
• Converters can be installed in any room in the required quantity (the main thing is that a reliable power line of the appropriate power is installed).
• Special models are produced for wet rooms - they can be installed in bathrooms or home saunas (protection class - IP -24). For ordinary residential premises, class IP-21 convectors are suitable.
• The devices are extremely easy to operate - you just need to set the required temperature on the scale or display panel. Everything else will be taken care of by automation. If necessary, you can turn off the heating in certain rooms if they are not currently in use.
• The safety of appliances is also their hallmark. They never have any exposed heating elements, and the heating in the outer panel is negligible and it is impossible to get burned on it, which is especially important if children live in the house.
• A variety of models and their design should satisfy the most demanding taste of the owners. Such convectors fit perfectly into any interior, sometimes even adding special details to it.
• The operation of convectors is absolutely silent.

Convectors can be made in a portable or mobile version, that is, it is possible, if necessary, to create temporary zones of increased comfort.

There are others original solutions. One of them is the installation of special convectors in the thickness of the floor, for example, in front of doors or wide windows. The heated air rises through a special decorative grill and creates an effective thermal curtain against the penetration of external cold.

Convectors may have a mechanical thermostat, but some modern models are equipped with an electronics unit that allows you to program the operation of the device. So, you can set a lower heating temperature for a certain time - when everyone is absent from the house, but with the expectation that by the arrival of the owners the convector will reach the required power and a comfortable atmosphere will be created in the rooms.

Of course, such heating will become effective only with very high-quality thermal insulation of the house, otherwise expensive energy will be wasted. However, this is rather a problem of the building itself, and no no abundance of convectors.

Video: device and installation of an electric heating convector

Electric "warm floors"

Another way to organize the heating system of a private house from electricity is to install "warm floors". They produce several varieties of such systems.

• Heating cables - they are most often mounted in the thickness of the screed, which at the same time becomes a powerful accumulator of thermal energy. Cables can also vary - be single-core or two-core, work according to the usual resistive principle (heating of the conductor when passing electric current), or have a semiconductor matrix and have in connection with this effect of self-regulation of heating in each individual area.

• Heating mats are more convenient during installation. This is also a heating cable, but only reinforced on a fiberglass mesh base. The advantage of such mats is that they may not require a screed - for example, ceramic tiles can be laid directly on them, slightly increasing the thickness of the adhesive layer.

• Another type of heating electric mats is rod. Two conductors connected in parallel jumper rods having a special structure and working on the principle of self-regulation of heating. The convenience of this type is that the failure of any of their elements does not lead to the inoperability of the entire system as a whole. On such mats it is also possible to immediately lay ceramic tiles. As a disadvantage, it can be noted that the very high price of such heaters is still very high.

Regardless of the design, all electric "warm floors" are equipped with a temperature sensor, which is installed in the thickness of the floor, and a thermostat blog. Heating is carried out to a certain temperature, which is set by the owner of the house, and in the future the power will be turned on and off automatically to maintain this mode.

"Warm floors" are able to create a comfortable environment in the room with uniform heating of the entire volume of the room from the floor surface. However, this approach is not particularly economical, and can hardly be considered a complete alternative to other heating systems. Most often they are used in addition to the main sources of heat, to create zones of increased comfort.

Infrared heating systems

A modern solution to the problem of electric heating of a private house will be infrared heaters.

Such instruments and devices use the principle of wave energy transfer over a distance - you can draw a simplified analogy with sunlight. Specially selected emitter materials allow you to convert electrical energy in the beam, in the long-wave infrared range, invisible to human vision. The emitters themselves heat up slightly, and infrared waves do not meet air resistance, but, falling on an opaque surface, they are converted into thermal energy. Thus, it is not the air in the room that is heated, but all surfaces and objects that are in the path of the rays. But these surfaces already, in turn, conduct heat exchange with the surrounding air. There is uniform heating, which starts very quickly after turning on the power. This ensures optimal temperature distribution, in contrast to convective systems.

Significant energy losses do not occur, which gives a high efficiency of such systems and their high efficiency.

Such heaters can be made in a suspended ceiling version, very reminiscent of conventional lamps. daylight. They are placed above the places where the most intensive heating is required. They can also be portable, allowing you to direct the flow of energy into necessary time in necessary film radiant electric heaters. They are produced in the form of durable film strips of various widths and lengths. Between the layers of transparent heat-resistant plastic, the emitters themselves are placed (usually a special carbon paste or bimetallic foil plates), connected by conductive copper bars.

The thickness of the film is very small - no more than 0.4 mm. It is very easy to install in the right place - on ceilings, walls, attic roof slopes, etc., and can, if the owners wish, be closed finishing materials which will not significantly reduce the efficiency of the space heating system.

The film is heated to a temperature not exceeding 45 ÷ 50 ºС, and cannot cause burns or lead to a fire hazard. It is great for underfloor heating systems without using a screed - it can be placed under laminate, linoleum, parquet. Ingoda, simplifying their task, some owners simply cover such films with carpeting - for example, you can very quickly equip a particularly warm area for children's games.

PLEN is not afraid of dynamic loads, moisture ingress. Such heaters are easy to dismantle and move to another place - the main thing is not to damage the integrity of the film coating. Energy costs for such electric heating are considered the lowest of all existing types. Such a system is especially convenient for houses where the owners come periodically, for example, on weekends - you just turn on the power, and intensive heating of the necessary premises or areas immediately begins. In addition, many medical experts assure of the special usefulness of such heaters, as they ionize the air to the extent necessary for human health and even eliminate unpleasant odors.

Video: advantages of the PLEN heating system

So, the main possibilities for organizing electric heating of a private house were considered. This type of heating has many advantages - absolute environmental friendliness, simplicity and accuracy in management, no need to create fuel reserves. Nevertheless, it is not necessary to expect too high efficiency effect - electricity is not cheap. That is why the requirements for insulation of all elements of the building in this case should be increased.

A modern electric boiler is a good solution to the issue of heating, as well as hot water supply to your home. Having a number of advantages in comparison with other boilers, they are increasingly becoming the choice of the Russian buyer when it comes to an autonomous heating system. However, the electric boiler must still be installed correctly, and although this is not the most difficult task, it nevertheless needs separate lighting.

Advantages of an electric boiler

Flanges and couplings;

Pipes suitable in size;

Cable having a certain cross section;

Hardware with which the boiler is attached to the wall;

Mounting plate;

A diagram showing the correct installation of an electric boiler.

Installation diagram of an electric boiler with instantaneous water heater

Installation process in the right order (video)

So, after checking the wall to which the boiler will be attached, and making sure of its ability to carry the necessary load, we leave some free space for access to the boiler (usually indicated in the instructions) and install the unit, checking its evenness with the help of a level.

The wall on which the boiler is attached must be made of non-combustible materials.

The mounting plate is useful for proper installation of the boiler. Pipelines must be selected based on which pump is installed in the system.

Basically, the installation of an electric boiler is simple, however, as in any business, there are some interesting points here. So, boilers with low power always work well in a conventional network with a voltage of 220V. Another thing, if the model is powerful enough, you need to connect it to three-phase network. That is why it is so important to correctly calculate the cable cross-section. A properly selected cable is able to withstand the power of the unit and pass the current of the desired value without failure.

After the boiler is installed, pipes are brought to it heating system and water supply systems. This is where couplings and flanges come in handy.