Figure 1. General Manager Reception Plan
Figure 2. Reception lighting groups Director General and office of the Secretary
During the day, when changing natural light, I constantly had to be distracted, approach the switches and turn on / off the light, or put up with excessive illumination and the high voracity of halogen backlight lamps. Additional inconvenience was caused by a large number of buttons, it was rather difficult to remember which switch was responsible for what.
The proposal to automate the lighting of the Reception and the Secretary was received with enthusiasm.
Lighting automation
For each switch box different ways neutral wire has been connected. All mounting boxes were equipped with single-channel and two-channel relays from Fibaro. At the entrance, a pocket with a remote control from Aeon labs was placed next to the door.
Figure 3. Aeon labs lobby lighting control panel
Duwi switches were installed in the locker room and toilet.
Figure 4. Locker room switch by Duwi
The following scenarios were hung on 4 buttons of the Aeon labs remote control:
Arrival - the right lighting turns on, and the locker room
Workplace - Workplace lighting turns on, all other lights turn off
Meeting - Turns on the lighting above the meeting table
Extended meeting - on especially cloudy days, side lighting around the perimeter of the office is additionally turned on
The entrance to the dressing room is separated from the office by a sliding door. A z-wave door opening sensor from Everspring was installed on it. This sensor was associated with the locker room switch. When the sliding door is opened, the dressing room light turns on, when the door is closed, it turns off. When leaving the dressing room, the door closes and the light turns off automatically.
The Directors installed an Aeon labs z-wave opening sensor on the toilet door. The principle of operation of toilet lighting is described in the article “Overview of z-wave door / window opening sensors”.
Figure 5. Aeon labs door sensor
In the secretary's office, they limited themselves to installing Duwi switches for lighting, because due to low natural light, the main lighting is on throughout the working day. They also installed a switch to control the lighting of the area next to the waiting sofa. In the corner, to cover the attached area, a Multi Motion/Light/Temp Sensor was installed. Z-wave EZMotion. His role is to automatically turn on the light in low light for people waiting in line to the director.
Figure 6. EZMotion multi-sensor for waiting area lighting automation
In addition, a scheme of manual and automatic control illumination of this zone for more accurate operation of the sensor and additional comfort for visitors. If the secretary was in his place, he set the Manual mode and turned on the light if necessary. Before leaving his workplace, the secretary set the automatic mode for the attached zone.
In two washrooms in a common area with washbasins, Everspring SP103 motion sensors were installed, associated with Duwi switches. Upon entering toilet room the light in the toilet turns on and burns for at least 3 minutes (as long as there is movement plus 3 minutes).
Figure 7. Everspring SP103 Motion Sensor for Washroom Lighting Automation
Due to frequent visits by the staff of the Archive room (specifics of the work of the organization), the ExpEzmotion multi-motion/light/temperature sensor was installed in it, associated with the Fibaro relay (installed in a junction box behind a conventional switch).
Figure 8. EZMotion multi-sensor for archive lighting automation
Energy management and savings
To control the consumption of electricity consumed for lighting, a 3-phase electricity meter was installed in the electrical panel. Thanks to it, you can monitor in real time the current power consumption of lighting and the power consumed since the beginning of the month (The accumulated data is reset at the beginning of each month).
Figure 9. 3-phase power meter installed under the electrical panel
To control the corridor lighting at the entrance to the office, a conventional switch was replaced by a switch from Duwi, at the other end of the office, a Duwi Everlux Z-wave radio wall transmitter associated with the main switch was installed at the service exit, so that corridor lighting can be controlled from two places.
The cooler for cooling and heating water in the reception room was connected through a Z-wave socket switch with an electricity sensor. Measuring the accumulated electricity consumption showed that during non-working hours (from 5:30 pm to 8:30 am), the cooler consumes an average of 0.88 kWh (11W continuously, 510W during heating/cooling). During a non-working day, about 1.408 kWh is wasted.
Given that in 2012 there were 248 workers and 118 public holidays, you can calculate the annual energy overrun by one cooler: 248*0.88+118*1.408=384 kWh. Given the cost of kWh for Moscow 4.02 rubles, we get an overrun in rubles - 1550 rubles.
Thanks to the configured scenario of automatic shutdown of the cooler by the socket module at 17:30, and switching on at 8:30 only on weekdays, the excess consumption turns into savings. Using this scenario, up to 384 kWh of electricity or almost 1,550 rubles will be saved annually. For this money, you can buy a Z-wave Everspring socket switch or a TKBHome Z-wave socket switch.
Graphical interface for remote control
At the moment, the office automation system is under the control of the HomeSeer program. The HStouch interface configurator has developed an interface for managing and monitoring the state of the office.
Figure 10. Layout of the office space in the HStouch program
On the plan, you can see the status of all motion sensors, as well as remotely control and manage the lighting groups included in the system.
Also, using the software interface, you can see which computers are turned on, i.e. essentially remotely monitor discipline in the office. The configured script automatically turns off all computers that are not turned off 2 hours after the end of the working day.
A turned on office computer without load consumes about 50-60W, so one turned on computer left overnight will consume about 0.8 kWh.
The last employee to leave the office automatically turns off all lights in the office.
The system automatically accumulates information about the current office lighting power consumption, reception room temperature, and the number of switched on computers. According to these indicators, you can get a graphical representation of data for several hours, a day, a week or a month.
Figure 11. Graphs of changes from top to bottom: current power consumption of lighting, number of computers turned on, temperature of the reception room.
Conclusion
The total cost of the equipment was 60,750 rubles.The described automation system has been successfully functioning for 9 months. The system turned out to be very flexible and easily scalable; if necessary, it is quite easy to expand it. In general, this project turned out to be very interesting and in demand.
INTELLIGENT LED LIGHT
(Automaticremotelighting control)
Purpose
1.1.1 Intelligent LED lamp (hereinafter - system automaticremotelighting control) is designed to organize controlled lighting in a separate room of a building or structure.
1.1.2 The basis of the technical design systems automaticremotelighting control the method of lighting control over power networks 220 V, 50 Hz using PLC technology, as well as the transmission of control commands in the IR range and over a radio channel organized according to the MiWi protocol, is laid down.
1.1.3 System automaticremotelighting control solves the following tasks:
- automatic switching on / off of lighting upon the presence / absence of people in the room; time intervals of the delay timer for turning off the lighting from the motion sensor can be set by the user during operation or correspond to the manufacturer's configuration;
- automatic level control luminous flux lamps depending on the level of illumination in the room; the dependence of the level of the luminous flux of the lamp on the level of illumination of the room can be set by the user during operation or correspond to the manufacturer's configuration;
- configuring the system settings and remote control of the luminous flux level, both for all the luminaires in the room, and for each of the luminaires individually, using an infrared remote control;
- saving the configuration settings of the intelligent power system in non-volatile memory;
- stabilization of the supply current of the LED lines with the required direct voltage drop on each of the LEDs of the lamp in the operating range of the input voltage of the supply network 220 V 50 Hz.
1.1.4 The composition of the automatic remote lighting control system is presented in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 - Composition of the automatic remote lighting control system
|
№
|
Part of an automatic lighting control system |
Purpose |
Quantity |
|
Intelligent Power Supply (IPS) |
Providing a stabilized power supply for LED strips with the required direct voltage drop on each of the luminaire LEDs in the operating range of input voltages of the mains 220 V, 50 Hz, as well as receiving commands to control the level of the luminous flux of the luminaire and configuration commands via the wires of the mains 220 V, 50 Hz |
Number of lights in the room |
|
|
The device for converting the infrared signal of the remote control into a radio signal for controlling the power supply system of luminaires (UPIR) |
Conversion of user's primary control signals (infrared control channel, TCP/IP local network) into UPRS radio signals, provides storage of system settings in non-volatile memory |
One per room |
|
|
A device for converting a radio control signal into an interface signal that provides data transmission over the wires of the power supply network 220 V, 50 Hz to each of the lighting fixtures in the room (UPRS) |
Conversion of the radio control signal from the UPIR into an interface signal that ensures the transmission of control commands over the wires of the power supply network 220 V, 50 Hz to each of the lighting fixtures in the room |
Corresponds to the number of phases of the supply network 220 V, 50 Hz |
|
|
Infrared remote control (IR remote control) |
User control of the automatic lighting remote control system |
One per room |
1.1.5 The control of turning on and off the lamps, adjusting their brightness, as well as selecting the operating mode of the automatic lighting control system is carried out by the user with the IPDU.
1.1.6 The device can be operated around the clock in closed heated and unheated rooms, excluding direct exposure to atmospheric precipitation.
Climatic version of the device: U, location category 4, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15150-69, for operation at temperatures from minus 10°С to plus 45°С
1.2 Specifications automatic remote lighting control systems
The main technical characteristics of the automatic remote lighting control system are given in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 - Technical characteristics of the automatic lighting control system
|
№
|
Characteristic name |
Meaning |
|
Permissible supply voltage range 50 Hz, V |
||
|
Operating temperature range, ºС |
||
|
Number of supported IPDU commands |
||
|
The number of phases of the power network - lighting control lines, pcs. |
||
|
Maximum number of fixtures connected to one phase, pcs. |
||
|
Maximum number of motion sensors supported, pcs. |
2 (built-in and external) |
|
|
Luminaire brightness adjustment range, % |
||
|
The step of adjusting the brightness of the lamps in manual mode: |
||
|
The range of timeout values for the operation of lamps after the motion sensor is triggered, s |
||
|
Type IP address for WEB interface |
static, IPv4 |
|
|
TCP port number for connecting to the WEB interface |
80 (standard for http) |
|
|
Maximum number of users connected to the WEB interface |
||
|
The period of updating information through the WEB-interface, s |
||
|
Light sensor polling period, s |
||
|
Time to bring the control command from the IPDU to the luminaires, s |
||
|
Maximum radio communication range between UPIR and UPRS: |
10…15 |
|
|
Maximum human detection range by built-in motion sensor, m |
||
|
Adjustment range of output currents of the SMPS (LEDs of each of the lamps), mA |
||
|
The instability of the output current of the SMPS over the entire range of operating temperatures and supply voltage, no more than,% |
||
|
Maximum LED luminous flux, lm |
||
|
Direct voltage drop on each LED of the lamp, V |
||
|
Ripple factor of the output current of the SMPS (LED power supply current), no more than, % |
||
|
Efficiency of SMPS, % |
||
|
Power consumed by SMPS, W |
no more than 40 |
|
|
Power consumed by UPIR, W |
no more than 10 |
|
|
Power consumed by UPRS, W |
no more than 10 |
|
|
MTBF, hour |
at least 40000 |
|
|
Service life, years |
at least 6 |
1.4.1 The device of the system of automatic remote control of lighting
1.4.1.1 The hardware of the automatic lighting control system includes 4 functional elements:
– intelligent power supply;
- a device for converting the infrared signal of the remote control into a radio signal for controlling the lighting power supply system;
– a device for converting a control radio signal into an interface signal that provides data transmission over the wires of the power supply network 220 V, 50 Hz to each of the lighting fixtures in the room;
– infrared remote control.
Operating Limits for Automatic Lighting Remote Control System
1.4.2.1 The system of automatic remote lighting control ensures continuous round-the-clock operation and is recoverable and serviceable.
1.4.2.2 The automatic remote lighting control system remains operational when exposed to:
elevated temperature environment up to plus 60°С;
low ambient temperature not less than minus 30°С;
increased relative air humidity up to 98% at a temperature of plus 25°С;
sinusoidal vibration in the frequency range from 10 to 55 Hz with a displacement amplitude of up to 0.35 mm (in any direction) in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12997.
1.4.2.3 SMPS, UPIR and UPRS of the device must be installed in a place where they are protected from the effects of precipitation, mechanical damage and access by unauthorized persons.
Operation of the automatic remote lighting control system
The operation of the automatic remote lighting control system is to automatically control the on / off lighting in the room, as well as adjust the luminous flux of lamps in order to optimize the lighting characteristics in the room.
Structural scheme automatic lighting control system is shown in Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1 - Structural diagram of the automatic lighting control system:
1 - UPIR; 2 - administrator of the lighting system (power supply);
3 – user with IPDU; 4 - UPRS of phase A; 5 - UPRS of phase B; 6 - UPRS of phase C;
LED lamps based on CLN6A series LEDs are used as fixtures. AT LED lamps the luminous flux is formed as a result of the passage electric current through the p-n-junction zone in the semiconductor. Depending on the material of the semiconductor, the color of the illumination may vary. For operation, the LED consumes a small amount of electricity (supply voltage - units of V, currents - tenths of A), which makes it advantageous compared to incandescent lamps.
Appearance LED lamp shown in Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2 - Appearance of the LED lamp of the automatic remote lighting control system
To ensure the functioning of the UPIR, it contains a built-in multisensor of the EcoSvet 500LI type, which includes a light sensor, a motion sensor and an IR receiver. The red LED on its body serves to indicate the reception of signals (lights up for 0.5 s) when a command is given from the IPDU. The red LED on its body serves to indicate (lights up for 0.5 s) when a command is given from the IPDU.
Light sensor measures the brightness of the ambient light in the room, converts the measured value into a normalized low-voltage DC signal and transmits it to the UPIR.
The motion sensor is designed to detect a person in a room and is a passive IR motion detector, which is based on the measurement of thermal radiation from moving objects. When the threshold value of the thermal radiation of the object is exceeded, the sensor generates a signal of a constant low voltage voltage in the UPIR.
If necessary, to increase the zone of human presence control, an additional (external) motion sensor can also be connected to the UPIR. The presence of a person in the room is determined by the operation of either the main or additional motion sensor.
The IR receiver of the multisensor receives the IR control signals of the IPDU, converts them into signals of a constant low voltage voltage and transfers them to the UPIR for processing.
In UPIR, signals are converted into digital form, their decoding, algorithmic processing and conversion into a radio signal.
Further, the control signal via a radio channel organized according to the MiWi protocol is transmitted to the UPRS of phases A, B and C, which convert the radio signals into control signals for the operation of luminaires.
Direct adjustment of the luminous flux of the lamp is carried out by power networks 220 V, 50 Hz using PLC technology.
PLC (Power Line Communications) technology lines of force), also called PLT (Power Line Telecoms), is based on the use of power grids for high-speed information exchange. The basis of the technology is the use of frequency division of the signal, in which a high-speed data stream is divided into several relatively low-speed streams, each of which is transmitted on a separate subcarrier frequency (up to 84 in the range of 4 ... 21 MHz), with their subsequent combination into one signal.
The main advantages of PLC technology are:
compared to wired internet– no traffic costs; no cable laying, enclosing it in boxes, drilling walls and supporting structures;
compared to wireless Internet (based on networks GSM ) – no traffic costs;
compared to last mile wireless technologies: does not require settings; more stable connection; greater information security; the quality of communication is not affected by the material and thickness of the walls in the room; in the Russian Federation, registration of equipment with Roskomnadzor is not required.
The basis for regulating the illumination of a room is the principle of proportional-integral formation of a control signal, and the functional element that implements this principle is called a PI controller.
The value of the current illumination in the room, measured by the light sensor, is converted into digital form in the UPIR and normalized to the range of 0 ... 100%. The normalized digital signal is compared (by subtraction) with the value of the room illumination specified during the ISS setup (the “Required illumination (0 ... 100%)” parameter on the “Settings” WEB-interface page). The resulting value - the deviation of the current illumination from the set one - in the block for generating the control action is multiplied by the gain of the controller (engineering setting) and corrected for the power value, individual for each lamp (taken as specified by the parameter "Correction for a given lamp (-100 ... 100% )" on the page of the WEB-interface "Settings"). The resulting value is added or subtracted (depending on the sign of the deviation of the current illumination from the set one) from the current luminaire power, which, thus, gradually asymptotically approaches the required current luminaire power.
Automatic lighting remote control system and its lamps can work in one of four modes.
1. Manual- the power of the luminaires is set from the IPDU or via the WEB-interface and the settings are stored in non-volatile memory. When the lighting is switched on with the room switch, the lamps turn on at the set power.
2.Manual with motion sensor– the operation is similar to the previous mode, but the lights turn on only when the motion sensor is triggered, remain on for the specified timeout, and then turn off. When the lighting is turned on with the room switch, the lights turn on at the set power, remain on for the set timeout, and then turn off until the motion sensor is triggered.
3.Auto- the power is periodically (every 5 s) set according to the law of regulation depending on the illumination in the room, its value is stored in non-volatile memory and when the lighting is turned on with the room switch, the lamps turn on at this power.
4.Automatic with motion sensor– the operation is similar to the previous mode, but the luminaires turn on at the power calculated from the illumination, only when the motion sensor is triggered, remain on for the specified timeout, and then turn off. When the lighting is turned on with the room switch, the luminaires turn on at the set power, remain on for the set timeout, and then turn off.
EXTERNAL VIEW OF THE EQUIPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC REMOTE LIGHTING CONTROL
Figure A.1 - External view of the SMPS automatic lighting control system 
Figure A.2 - Appearance of the UPIR system for automatic remote control of lighting (on the right - UPS-1A source)
Figure A.3 - Appearance of the UPRS of the automatic lighting control system (on the right - the UPS-1A source)
DESCRIPTIONWEB-interface AND CONFIGURATION OF THE SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC REMOTE LIGHTING CONTROL
B.1 Setting general parameters Internet ProtocolTCP/ IPautomatic lighting control systems
In the address bar, type the IP address of the fixture of the automatic lighting control system, and click the "OK" button in the "Settings" panel. local network”, after which the main page of the WEB-interface of the automatic lighting control system will appear in the browser window (see Fig. B.3).
Figure B.3 - Appearance of the main page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting
B.2 Parameter settingautomatic remote lighting control systems
The parameters of the automatic remote lighting control system are configured using the WEB-interface menu, which contains 7 items:
"Home";
"Control";
"Settings";
"Configuration";
"Education";
"Network TCP/IP";
"Those. support".
Each of the menu items is a link to a separate WEB-page and with its help a certain group of ISS parameters is configured.
When you first enter any of the menu items for the current session of the Internet browser, except for "Main" and "Tech. support”, you need to pass authorization in the authorization form window that appears (see Fig. B.4).
In the "Name" line, enter the value "Admin", in the password line, enter the password (factory setting "start"), which can be changed later if necessary.
For security purposes, it is recommended to uncheck "Remember password".
Click the "OK" button in the authorization form window.
For further navigation through the WEB-interface of the automatic lighting remote control system, a password request is not required until the current session of the Internet browser is completed (the browser is closed and reopened).
Below are descriptions of the WEB-interface pages of the automatic lighting remote control system, as well as the parameters set on them when setting up the automatic lighting control system.
The appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Control" is shown in Figure B.5.
This page sets the current power of any luminaire or all luminaires at once, when operating in the "Manual" or "Manual with motion sensor" modes.
The choice of a luminaire is carried out in the table "Select a luminaire:", while by setting marks in the appropriate fields, its number and phase must be indicated. If all fixtures are selected, a check mark is placed in the "All" field. This table is repeated on the next two pages of the WEB interface.
Figure B.5 - Appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Control"
The top line of the page displays the number and phase of the selected luminaire. This line is repeated on the next page of the WEB-interface of the automatic lighting remote control system.
The second line on the left shows the status of the communication channel (“Ready”, “Transmitting” or “Error”), and on the right - the device name and the status of the WEB interface connection (connected or how many minutes there is no connection). This line is repeated on all pages of the WEB-interface.
In the "Select an action:" table, on the drop-down tab in the "Set lamp operation mode" field, set the lamp operation mode and click the "Apply" button on the right in this line. In the "Set power (0...100%)" field, set the power of the luminaire and click the "Apply" button on the right in this line. This value corresponds to the power set for manual modes and can also be set from the IPDU. When the luminaire is turned on, it works with this power in the "Manual" or "Manual with motion sensor" modes.
The appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Settings" is shown in Figure B.6.
Figure B.6 - Appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Settings"
On this page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting, addresses and additional parameters for controlling lamps are set.
The appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Configuration" is shown in Figure B.7.
Using this form, you can change the address and number of the phase repeater (UPRS) that works with the luminaire.
Figure B.7 - Appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Configuration"
To configure the lighting system, it is necessary to assign addresses to all luminaires, and it is imperative to assign addresses sequentially, starting from one on each phase. Factory settings - phase "A", address 60.
It is allowed to assign the same address to several luminaires, in which case their operation will be subject to a single group policy.
Once all page settings have been configured, click the Apply button.
The appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Training" is shown in Figure B.8.
Figure B.8 - Appearance of the WEB-interface page of the automatic remote lighting control system "Training"
On this page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting, the IPDU is trained - it is prepared for controlling the operation of lamps.
The following luminaire control commands can be set for the IPDU.
1) turn on the lamp;
2) turn off the lamp;
3) select the previous lamp;
4) choose the next lamp;
5) select all fixtures for all phases;
6) increase power by 10% (for manual modes);
7) reduce power by 10% (for manual modes);
8) set manual mode;
9) set manual mode with motion sensor;
10) set automatic mode;
11) set automatic mode with motion sensor.
The appearance of the page of the WEB-interface of the automatic remote lighting control system "TCP / IP Network" is shown in Figure B.9.
Figure B.9 - Page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting "Network TCP / IP"
On this page of the WEB-interface of the automatic remote lighting control system, the network parameters of the UPIR ISS are configured
Appearance of the page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting "Tech. support” is shown in Figure B.10.
Figure B.10 - Appearance of the page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting "Tech. support"
This page of the WEB-interface of the system of automatic remote control of lighting is informational and contains a description of the modes of operation of the lamps.
X10 is a widely used standard in home automation.
X10 defines the method and protocol for transmitting control signals-commands (“turn on”, “turn off”, “brighter”, “darker”, etc.) via power wiring to electronic modules to which controlled household and lighting devices are connected.
In total, up to 256 groups of devices with different addresses can be combined.
From the point of view of the X10 networking logic, all devices can be divided into two large groups: controllers and executive modules.
The controllers are responsible for generating X10 commands and, in addition to manual push-button control, may have a built-in timer or a specialized device for inputting external influences (light sensor, infrared radiation photodetector from the remote control, etc.).
Executive modules execute commands transmitted by one or another controller, controlling the power supply switching of a household or lighting device, playing the role of a “smart” switch.
The most common modules are of two types: lamp (lamp module) and instrument (appliance module).
Lamp modules are thyristor power controllers and provide, in addition to the on and off functions, smooth adjustment (function, from English word dimmer - “rheostat”, “dimmer”).
The instrument modules are equipped with an electromagnetic relay for power switching and are not intended for smooth adjustment of the power supplied to the load.
From a functional point of view, the X10 network includes the following components:
transmitters- allow you to transmit special command codes in X10 format over the mains. Such devices are: programmable timers that send signals at the right time; computer modules that execute specified programs for controlling electrical appliances; temperature, light, motion sensors, etc., which, when certain events occur, send appropriate signals to receivers.
Receivers- receive X10 commands and execute them: turn on or off the light, adjust the lighting, etc. Each receiver has selectors for setting its address: 16 possible house codes (A - P) and 16 possible module codes (1 - 16), that is, a total of 256 different addresses. Several receivers can have the same address, in which case they are controlled simultaneously.
Transceivers- receive signals from infrared or radio remote controls and transmit them to the power grid, converting them to X10 format.
Remote controls- provide remote control of X10 devices via IR or radio channels. The most convenient are universal remote controls, with their help you can control both X10 devices and audio / video equipment.
Line equipment- signal repeaters/repeaters, surge or current filters, anti-interference filters, signal blockers. These devices are used to improve the reliability and reliability of the system as a whole. Although it is possible to achieve excellent results in simple systems without the use of these tools, it is always better to play it safe.
Measuring equipment- used to measure the levels of useful X10 signals and interference in the power grid during installation and commissioning.
How X10 works
Each electrical appliance to be controlled is connected to the network through an individual receiver. The receivers can be built into the circuit breakers, as individual micromodules or as DIN-rail modules. There is a large range of these receivers, covering almost the entire range of home electrical and electronics.
X10 control signals are transmitted to the receivers through the same power wires as the 220 volt voltage.
The transmitter can be a telephone controller, a timer, a multifunctional alarm/control interface, a security system panel, a computer interface, etc.
There are also wireless remote control transmitters (remote controls, key fobs, sensors, etc.), they use a 310 or 433 MHz radio signal. The radio signal is received by a special receiver and converted into X10 control signals.
Let's look at some examples of control:
Light control example
The MT10E mini timer makes it possible to control all lamps connected to the LM12 lamp module. Manual control (buttons on the case) and according to a pre-set time are available. Control signals are transmitted via power wiring. The following functions are available: “on/off”, “darker/brighter”, “turn on all lights”, “turn off all”.
Example of remote light control
Since the remote control is universal “8 in 1”, you can also control audio-video equipment. The remote control can be used in any room, the radio signal passes through walls and ceilings.
To convert radio signals into X10 control signals, we need a radio transceiver. The best choice here will be - TM13. It is both a transceiver and a controlled relay module. We will connect an electric heater to it. We will replace the standard switch with the LW11 lamp module, now the light can be controlled manually and from the remote control.
Using a home computer
You can pre-record several series of commands (scripts) into the CM11 computer interface. For example, such as “receiving guests”, “watching a movie”, “night mode”, etc. After saving the scripts in the interface, the computer can be turned off. The scenario is launched by pressing one button on the remote control. The transceiver receives radio signals from the remote control, converts them into X10 control signals and transmits them over the network to the computer interface.
The CM11 interface can realistically simulate the presence of the owners in the house, using the time delay and taking into account the sunset/sunrise. All modules included in the network can be controlled from the remote control, manually and from the computer screen.
Operation of X10 modules with various types loads
Loads that can be connected to X10 devices can be divided into two large groups: “linear” and “non-linear”.
Another large group is made up of electronic devices that do not have a transformer at the input - televisions, radios.
In addition, this group includes fluorescent lamps.
Linear loads have only active resistance and practically no reactive (inductive or capacitive). Examples are incandescent lamps, included directly in the lighting network and electric heaters (heaters).
Non-linear loads have significant reactance. These types of loads include, for example, electric motors and transformers.
It should be borne in mind that in modern electrical engineering, the use of various electronic devices embedded in product cases and designed for “intelligent” load control (for example, for smoothly switching on incandescent lamps) is common. Such devices cannot be considered linear loads.
Please note that lamp modules with dimmer option (LM12, LD11, LM15S…) are designed to control linear loads only!
Controlling electronic devices (eg TVs) with dimmers can damage these devices!
Only X10 device modules with relay output (AM12, AM12W, AD10) can be used to control electronic devices.
Thus, certain X10 modules are designed for each type of load.
smart lighting
Consider a couple of options for controlling lighting and electrical outlets using an example typical kopeck piece Khrushchev times.
First option.
The existing electrical wiring is used, which does not require major reconstruction. The only thing that will need to be done is to replace the old switch boxes and sockets. This is the best place to start. In the switchboard, at the entrance to the apartment, we install the FD10 filter (presses all external noise).
We change ordinary switches to “smart” ones. Two-gang PLC-R 2204E for bathroom and toilet, the rest are single-gang PLC-R 2203E.
All switches are dimmable and remember the last brightness level. Glue the radio motion sensor MS13E to the front door with Velcro. The light will turn on by itself as soon as you enter the apartment. We install all sockets in the apartment of the European standard.
It's a good idea to install a couple of PLC-P 2027G relay modules (for example, to remotely control a TV in a nursery and a stereo system). The scenario controller CM11 will not interfere in any way.
And the final touch - we plug in the PLC-T 4022G radio base (transmits control commands to the executive modules).
For remote control, the UR24E universal remote control is quite suitable (it controls lighting, sockets, TV, CD, DVD, and so on).
|
№ |
Type of |
Description |
Qty |
Price |
Sum |
|
FD10 |
DIN-rail Filter |
||||
|
PLC-R 2204E |
Two-gang switch |
||||
|
PLC-R 2203E |
Single key switch |
185$ |
|||
|
MS13E |
|||||
|
PLC-P 2027G |
relay module |
||||
|
CM11 |
Scenario controller |
||||
|
PLC-T 4022G |
radio base |
||||
|
UR24E |
Universal remote "8 in 1" |
In total, in the amount of 553 c.u.
Second option
Sometimes it's easier than making the house really smart. In order not to have to drill something again in a year, it is necessary to install an apartment automation panel.
From each group of sockets, each switch and each group of lamps, stretch a three-core cable directly into the shield (on the power panel), without any connections in the rooms. If you suddenly change your mind about making the house smart, you can connect the wires so that the circuit becomes classic, with a switch that simply opens the phase line. But in the future, such wiring geometry will make it easy to return to the plan.
Do not forget to stretch the cable from the input call button and the intercom. It is advisable to make the wiring of information wires, at least television, telephone and computer, centralized and also bring them together in the automation panel.
For wiring a television signal, it is better to take the cable of the highest quality possible, preferably silver-plated and with a fluoroplastic dielectric. And connect it to antenna outlets, and not just bring the ends out.
telephone line, as computer network it is better to breed with a twisted pair cable of the fifth category (Cat5e), and install RG-45 sockets both for connecting computers and for phones.
We install one RCD in the automation panel (device protective shutdown) for the whole apartment, preferably “ABB”, “Legrand” or “Siemens”. One FD10 filter.
Seven lamp modules LD11, according to the number of lighting groups. Remember the last brightness level, support the commands "on / off", "darker/brighter", "turn on all the lights" and "turn off all". Two relay modules AD10, to control the sockets in the rooms. Support "on/off" and "off all" commands.
Instead of conventional switches, we install push-buttons, and instead of ordinary sockets, sockets with protective earth. Many manufacturers offer such wiring accessories on our market, Legrand (France) has a good design.
As in the first option, for automatic start light in the corridor we use the radio motion sensor MS13E. To create scenarios - controller CM11. For remote control - PLC-T 4022G radio base and UR24E universal remote control.
|
№ |
Type of |
Description |
Qty |
Price |
Sum |
|
RCD |
Residual current device |
||||
|
FD10 |
DIN-rail Filter |
||||
|
LD11 |
Lamp DIN-rail module |
357$ |
|||
|
AD10 |
Controlled DIN-rail module |
||||
|
MS13E |
Radio motion sensor - illumination |
||||
|
CM11 |
Scenario controller |
||||
|
PLC-T 4022G |
radio base |
||||
|
UR24E |
Universal remote "8 in 1" |
A total of 742 y.e.
/ Automation
Automation of lighting systems | Light control system
The decision of the world's leading manufacturers of lighting products to adopt a common protocol for digital addressable controlled luminaires has opened up almost unlimited possibilities for controlling artificial lighting. The adopted protocol is called DALI (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface).
With the right selection of individual components, a very wide range of customer requirements for a lighting system can be met, from a lighting control system to individual rooms to the lighting control system in entire office complexes, shopping malls industrial enterprises. There are no restrictions on the application of this technology, any light source can be controlled, including incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, HID lamps and even LEDs, whether installed in an office, restaurant or outdoors.
Possibilities of the DALI lighting system
Light dimming
To begin with, let's look at some differences in the light control system based on the protocol DALI from such usual switches. For example, let's take an ordinary corridor of an ordinary office building with the most common light sources, consisting of 4 fluorescent lamps 18 W each, suppose that 10 such light sources are installed in our corridor.
To begin with, let's make a simple calculation of our electricity costs:
Initial data:
10 light sources with a total power of 4 * 18 * 10 = 720 W / h = 0.72 kW / h
Let's take the cost of 1 kWh equal to 2.66 rubles. in daytime(from 7:00 to 23:00)
And the cost of 1 kW / h is 0.67 rubles. at night (from 23:00 to 07:00)
From here it turns out:
The annual electricity costs for these 10 luminaires will be
0.72 * 16 * 365 * 2.66 \u003d 11184.77 rubles. per year per day
0.72 * 8 * 365 * 0.67 \u003d 1408.61 rubles. per year per night
Total: 11184.77 + 1408.61 = 12593.38
Not a very large figure relative to the time period. But it is worth looking at it from the other side. As a rule, in reality, the matter is not limited to one corridor with ten light sources, moreover, electricity tariffs are constantly increasing. So it turns out that you have to pay a decent amount of money for virtually nothing.
This is where the question arises whether it is possible to save money on this. And saving money isn't even that hard. There are several ways to do this, let's look at some of them:
1. Let's assume that our corridor is a part of some office building with the work schedule of all offices known to us (we will accept it from 9:00 to 18:00). Consider the ideal case when, at the end of the working day, our employees, leaving the offices, turn off the light in the corridor. Now let's calculate the savings:
0.72 * 9 * 365 * 2.66 \u003d 6291.43 rubles. in year
And our savings will be: 12593.38 - 6291.43 = 6301.95 rubles. in year
Very impressive, considering that this is approximately 50% of the total costs. But here, then we come across a harsh reality, when one employee simply forgot to turn off the light, the other relied on a colleague and did not turn it off, and the colleague was just too lazy to go to the switch and press it. Hence it turns out that our lamps are burning and burning our theoretically calculated savings, reducing it to nothing.
2. Do the same manipulations with light that are described in the first method, but in automatic mode. To do this, we will need to upgrade our fixtures to work with the protocol DALI and install some kind of control system that no longer “forgets” to turn off the light at the end of the working day and, unlike on / off type control systems, “can” control the intensity of the glow of the lamps in the range from 1 to 100%. This is the easiest way to save on lighting our corridor. But it also has a number of disadvantages, for example: if any of the employees needed to stay late at work, then after 18:00 it is not very pleasant to walk along an unlit corridor, and to illuminate the corridor itself during working hours, when there are no people there, so as pointless as lighting it up at night.
3. Having considered the first two ways to save money, we come to the conclusion that the corridor should be illuminated only while people are there. Those. to the lighting system we have already upgraded, you need to add presence or motion sensors (also, if the corridor is illuminated daylight, then still a light sensor) and "light" our lamps only when people walk along the corridor, and the rest of the time, maintain the intensity of the glow of the lamps in the "standby (10-15% brightness) mode".
Based on the above information, savings can be up to 70-80%. Such lighting systems will be very useful in large premises (warehouses, hotel lobbies, restaurants, etc.).
Light scenarios in the system DALI
We already know about the possibility of lighting systems DALI control the intensity of the lighting. Now let's talk about the possibility of creating light scenarios. In system DALI up to 16 different lighting scenarios can be used for each DALI ballast, so for different times of the day or for different events, the light intensity in the room can be easily changed (for example, a “presentation” scenario in a conference room, or a “morning” scenario in a health centre).
Example of lighting scenarios:
Figure 1: Lighting scenario "DAY" in the exhibition hall
Figure 1: Lighting scenario "NIGHT" in the exhibition hall
Groups of light sources in a DALI system
As with lighting scenarios, up to 16 groups for light sources can be defined in the DALI system. As a rule, grouping of light sources is used to illuminate shop windows in shopping malls, to illuminate exhibition items in museums, or to illuminate shelving in warehouses. Previously assigned groups in the lighting system DALI can be easily overridden programmatically. Any DALI ballast can belong to several groups at once, this eliminates the need for additional costs for cable products, the cost of paying installation work for electrical personnel to reconnect fixtures to other switches and significantly increases the flexibility of the lighting system as a whole. Perhaps this is one of the most important advantages of the lighting system. DALI over conventional systems.
Lighting control system offered by NPK OLIL LLC
Areas of use
Lighting control system DALI from NPK OLIL LLC offers the possibility of simple commissioning and light control. It allows you to create convenient lighting scene control systems and save energy as a result of lighting control depending on daylight and the presence of people. The distribution of luminaires into groups is easy and can be changed at any time. Such a system is perfect for office premises, conference rooms, classrooms, sports and other halls, as well as for industrial premises (workshop, warehouse, etc.). lighting control system DALI can be represented schematically as follows, see Figure 2.
Lighting automation provides automatic maintenance of the expected level of lighting, depending on the type, weather conditions, time of day, the presence or absence of people in a particular room.
Automation options
automated home lighting can be of varying degrees of complexity and price level. The simplest systems include conventional timers. They serve to control light, the need for which is different at different times of the day. More complex systems include samples with remote control. They allow you to turn on / off the light in the premises using the touch panel.
Another variety is systems that respond to natural light and allow to save energy.
Automation of lighting systems can be integrated with alarms; in this case, the audible alarm will be accompanied by light signals. Natural lighting systems may use blackout curtains that react to natural light.
Automation of blinds, for example, allows you to adjust their operation to the level of ambient light, which will significantly reduce energy costs. AT winter time Such devices will help to keep warm, which will also reduce heating costs.
Benefits of Automation
At the forefront of automation of lighting systems, in addition to comfort and safety, is the need to save energy. Installation of such a system will give the expected effect both in production and at home. Automation of lighting allows not only to save electricity, but also extends the life of the lamps by turning off the lighting equipment for the period when it is not needed. Thanks to innovative technologies, it is also possible to automate lighting control.
Stages of lighting automation
If you want to ensure economy, comfort and safety of a home or other object in the lighting segment, then you need to delegate the entire scope of work to an experienced company. The whole complex of works will be carried out in stages:
Stage I - preliminary, includes a comprehensive study of the object, where it is planned to install a lighting automation system. A necessary condition is to determine the type of object, the burning time of lamps, the duration of people's stay in the illuminated area.
Stage II involves the choice by designers of the equipment used, the development of an economic justification, the development individual project focused on reducing energy costs.
Stage III - final, includes the installation of lighting automation systems, the implementation of a complex of commissioning, as well as electrical installation work.
Performs all of the above to perfection. We guarantee all customers long-term uninterrupted operation of the equipment installed by us. Thanks to the savings, you quickly compensate for the installation costs.
