Many people saw the picture of “Chinese electrician” on the Internet and laughed at the poor fellow with a huge garland of cables. Let's get to know each other better. This is SIP, which replaced the outdated overhead line power lines, where the wires were attached to insulators and spread apart to avoid overlap and short circuits. The new system is devoid of such shortcomings, each core is covered with insulation and connected together in one structure. For laying such a cable, special poles with insulators are not required, supports can be placed on greater distance, there is no such thing as overlapping wires in the wind. It is used in networks up to 35 thousand volts, for the electrification of residential buildings, street lighting and other needs. Consider the purpose and main specifications SIP.

How stands for

First of all, it should be noted that the decoding of the SIP marking is as follows:

• C - self-supporting;
• I - isolated;
• P - wire.

Please note that according to the abbreviation, this is still a wire, and not a cable, as many people think it is.

I would also like to note that the prefix "A" at the end of the marking (for example, SIP-1A) indicates that the zero core is covered with insulation. The prefix "n", in turn, means that the current-carrying conductors are made of aluminum alloy, and the letter "t" at the end of the brand indicates that the insulation is resistant to elevated temperatures of +90°C (for a short time +120°C).

Design

Before considering the SIP wire device, I would like to say that today there are the following conductor brands: SIP-1, -1A, -2, -2A, -3, -3, -4, -5. We will now provide the types and differences of each brand.

SIP-1 is produced for 380 V networks. This is a four-wire cable made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, three cores are covered with light-resistant polyethylene, resistant to ultraviolet radiation, and the fourth one without braid with a steel core acts as a carrier and neutral.

In SIP-2, all cores are insulated, including the carrier.

SIP-3 is a single-core steel-aluminum cable with a sheath made of cross-linked light-stabilized polyethylene.

In SIP-4, all four cores are insulated with thermoplastic light-stabilized polyethylene, but there is no separate carrier core.

SIP-5 also does not have a separate carrier core, the rest are covered with a sheath of cross-linked polyethylene, the number of cores is two or more.

According to the technical characteristics, SIP-1, SIP-2, SIP-4 and SIP-5 are designed for rated voltage up to 1 kV, SIP-3 up to 35 kV.

Of the other options, I would like to highlight:

• operating temperature range from -60 to + 50°С;
• climatic version UHL (moderately cold climate);
• installation of the line is possible at -10 degrees Celsius;
• warranty period of operation is 5 years;
• the declared service life is not less than 45 years.

For more details on the characteristics of SIP, such as the minimum bending radius, resistance, current load, mass and cross section of the cores, see the tables:

Laying conditions

Laying the wire does not require special skills. With the help of this, almost anyone can handle it, having familiarized themselves with the rules.

We will provide a superficial overview of the installation of a self-supporting insulated wire. Fasteners for anchors are installed on the support with special metal clips, which will hold special clips. SIP is started on the supports by the pulling method, pre-rolled rollers are installed on the poles, with a protective layer of plastic, preventing damage to the insulation of the cable being pulled, and it is stretched by a lead rope in advance, unwinding it from the reel.

During installation, dragging along the ground and tree branches should be avoided. Using a dynamometer, set the permissible line tension. After that, the wire is fixed in spans. Docking and withdrawal of the line is carried out by hermetic clamps. Electrical contact is made by piercing the protective layer with spikes. The connection can be carried out under voltage, the design allows this procedure to be carried out safely.

The installation process of the SIP wire is described in detail in the video below:

Overview of installation work

Application area

As we said above, self-supporting insulated wire It is customary to use in networks up to 35 kV. Most often it is used in highways overhead power lines, as well as for a branch from the overhead line to the entrance to the building. If you want, then in this case you just need a SIP wire, with which you can organize input in the country or in a private house. In addition, this conductor is used for outdoor lighting.

Their purpose and application.

Today's article is about SIP systems, brands and SIP characteristics wires.

All SIP wires are divided into 3 systems:

• SIP with "bare" (non-insulated) carrier neutral
• SIP with isolated carrier neutral
• self-supporting SIP system

Let's consider each type in more detail.

The main characteristics of the SIP system with a "bare" carrier neutral

The first system that we will consider is called the SIP system with a "bare" (non-insulated) carrier neutral. It is also called the "Finnish" system.

It consists of:

1 to 4 insulated phase conductors (material aluminium)

1 carrier uninsulated neutral conductor (material - aluminum or stele-aluminum alloy)

Phase insulated conductors are twisted throughout their entire length around a neutral bare conductor.

The insulation of the phase conductors is made of thermoplastic polyethylene, which can withstand a temperature of about 60-70°C for a long time. In such insulation is able to withstand temperatures up to 125 ° C.

SIP-1 (Russian-made)

AMKA (European standard)

Here is an example of a SIP-1 brand wire, consisting of 3 phase conductors and one neutral (PEN).

By the way, most of the SIP wires produced in Russia have the corresponding PUE () and the new GOST 50462-2009.

For example:

for the neutral conductor - blue

Insulated phase conductors have the same mechanical strength and, but the neutral non-insulated conductor has increased mechanical strength and is necessary for hanging SIP, i.e. when laying and tensioning the line, it is the neutral conductor that bears the entire load.

The overhead line made using the SIP-1 wire is very durable and reliable. It is able to withstand most mechanical external factors and impacts.

When designing a line, it is imperative to ground the neutral carrier (neutral) conductor on each support in order to exclude the occurrence of a life-threatening potential on it at.

Main characteristics of the SIP system with isolated carrier neutral

A system with an isolated carrier neutral is called a "French" system. It differs from the previous system only in that its carrying neutral conductor is insulated, and not "naked".

The CIP system with isolated carrier neutral consists of:

1 to 4 insulated conductors (material aluminum)

1 carrier insulated conductor (material - aluminum or stele-aluminum alloy)

Phase insulated conductors are twisted all the way around the neutral insulated conductor.

The insulation of the phase conductors and the carrier neutral conductor is made of silanol-crosslinked (light-stabilized) polyethylene, which can withstand temperatures of about 80-90°C for a long time. This insulation is able to withstand temperatures up to 240°C.

This system includes the following brands:

SIP-2A (Russian-made)

AMKA-T (European standard)

Here is an example of a wire of the SIP-2A brand, consisting of 3 phase conductors and one neutral (PEN).

The use of wires of the SIP-2A brand is advisable only for coastal (marine) areas, because. it is there that the need arises to protect the "bare" carrier neutral conductor from corrosion.

But this system has a significant drawback. The fact is that the entire mechanical load of the line is carried by an insulated neutral conductor, namely its insulation layer. Therefore, when designing a line using SIP-2A, it is necessary to reduce anchor spans in order to avoid breaking the wire insulation layer.

Note: Russian manufacturers of cable products, in addition to the main systems of SIP wires listed above, have developed additional systems:

• SIP-2

SIP-2 brand wire is an analogue of SIP-1. They differ only in the material of the insulation of the phase conductors. As I said above, SIP-1 uses thermoplastic polyethylene as insulation, while SIP-2 has insulation made of silanol-crosslinked (light-stabilized) polyethylene.

Wire brand SIP-1A is an analogue of SIP-2A. They differ only in the material of insulation of the phase and neutral conductors. As I said above, for SIP-2A, silanol-crosslinked (light-stabilized) polyethylene is used as insulation, and for SIP-1A, the insulation is made of thermoplastic polyethylene.

The main characteristics of the self-supporting SIP system

The self-supporting SIP system in Russia is called "Swedish" and it consists of:

1 to 4 insulated conductors (material - aluminum)

The material of all conductors is made of aluminum, therefore, the cost of the wires of this SIP system is somewhat less than the previous ones, because. aluminum in pure form lower cost than its aluminum alloy.

Such a system includes the following brands of Russian manufacturers:

SIP-3 (up to 20 kV)

Here is an example of two wires of the SIP-4 brand, consisting of 4 and 2 conductors.

All insulated conductors of this system are twisted together throughout the entire length, and have the same mechanical strength and conductor cross section. When laying and tensioning the line, the load is borne by all conductors, i.e. fastening is carried out immediately for all conductors. That's why this system in terms of mechanical loads, it has an advantage over previous systems.

Note: wires of the SIP-4 and SIP-5 brands differ only in the insulation material. For SIP-4, thermoplastic polyethylene is used as insulation, and for SIP-5, the insulation is made of silanol-crosslinked (light-stabilized) polyethylene.

SIP-3 brand wire is used for transmission with voltage up to 20 (kV), i.e. is high voltage. The conductor is made of aluminum with a steel core in the center. The insulation of SIP-3 is made of silanol-crosslinked (light stabilized) polyethylene.

Here is an example of a SIP-3 wire:

SIP systems. conclusions

At the end of the article, we will draw a reasonable conclusion from the whole variety SIP brands and their characteristics. To begin with, we systematize all the information from this article into tables.

I recommend: SIP-2 brand wire should be used for main power lines and linear branches from overhead lines. And the wire of the SIP-4 or SIP-5 brand is for branches for inputting or laying wires along the facade and walls of buildings.

P.S. In the following articles, I will tell you about SIP fittings and how to enter the house using SIP wires. In order not to miss new releases, subscribe (the subscription form is at the end of the article). Thank you for your attention.

Self-supporting insulated wire is a new generation of cable and wire products. It is used in networks of 0.4, 1 kV, 6-35 kV:

• highway construction;
• linear branches;
• construction of inputs to residential and administrative buildings.

General view of the SIP cable

Structure

SIP - twisted wire made of aluminum conductors, covered with light-stabilized high-strength polyethylene, not sensitive to ultraviolet rays. The shell is painted black. In conjunction with zero is a steel bearing element, aluminum wires are located around.

The structure of the SIP cable: 1 - conductive element; 2 - steel core; 3 - polyethylene sheath

• Phase cable. Made of aluminum (aluminum and steel core for SIP-3). Round shape. The number of aluminum wires is standardized by the specifications for the manufacture of each grade. Electrical resistance complies with current GOSTs.
• Bearing vein. It has a rounded shape, made of aluminum alloy. Absent in SIP-3, SIP-4 and SIP-5.
• Device. Phase wires are twisted around the neutral core. The direction of movement is clockwise.
• Shell. Made of light stabilized cross-linked XLPE (SIP 2, SIP-3, SIP-5) or thermoplastic polyethylene low pressure LDPE (SIP-1, SIP-4) .
  

• SIPn - the use of materials for insulation that do not support combustion;
• SIPg - the use of water-repellent materials;
• SIPng - "cross-linked polyethylene" with the introduction of water-retaining materials that do not support combustion.

SIP is used in power lines with radial circuits. The technical solution is a cheaper and high-quality alternative to bare-wire overhead power lines and cable lines laid on a cable.

SIP-X decoding:

• C - self-supporting.
• And isolated.
• P - wire.
• X - 1(1A), 2 (2A), 3, 4, 5

Suspension elements

When erecting VLI, fittings from various manufacturers are used.

For a four-wire system use:

• Tension clamps.
• Support clamps. Used for intermediate mounting on supports. Clamp bodies are made of corrosion-resistant materials.
• Several types for connecting isolated aluminum wires with aluminum, copper and SIP.
• Flat clamps. Necessary for interconnecting bare and insulated conductors.
• Other fittings: cable lugs, busbar clamps, components for the lighting network (surge arresters, fuses), fittings for laying SIP on building facades (remote clamps, wall hooks, multi-brackets), hooks and brackets for mounting on supports, hand tools.

The choice of fittings depends on specific typical recommendations.

VLI is built on wooden and reinforced concrete supports. Benefits given wooden materials, because their service life is more than 100 years, when such lines are dismantled, the supports are suitable for subsequent use. In domestic networks, reinforced concrete racks are widely used due to their low cost relative to wooden ones.

Deciphering the types of SIP

According to GOST R 52373-2005, there are several types:

• SIP-1 - cable with an uninsulated bearing element;
• SIP-2 - bearing element in an insulated shell;
• SIP-3 - designed for 6-35 kV networks, protected insulation;
• SIP-4 - cables without a bearing element;
• SIP-5 - each core contains a steel element.

Advantages of SIP

• reducing the cost of construction;
• stable operation of overhead power lines, no wire lashing and breaks;
• maintenance of VLI under voltage. New consumers can be connected without disconnecting the feeder;
• full insulation of cores;
• reduction of the security zone;
• light weight of the wire;
• joint suspension of 4 chains on a support;
• downsizing between high voltage lines and SIP;
• ease of maintenance;
• reduction of electricity theft;
• the possibility of using lightweight reinforcement;
• simplification of the construction of cable inserts;
• reduction of voltage losses at the end point of the line;
• frost resistance;
• the possibility of using anti-snow and anti-icing devices on the lines;
• the possibility of laying wires along supports, fences and facades of buildings (in accordance with the norms of the PUE);
• reduction of construction time;
• lower operating costs. With quality design solutions, maintenance costs can be reduced by up to 80%;
• stable operation in any weather - these brands can be used in areas with a cold climate without the use of additional protective equipment;
• increase in the service life of the line (low weight of self-supporting insulated wire and fittings increase the service life of supports);
• reduction in the number of accidents from electric shock.

• Execution of SIP 1, 2, 3 according to GOST 15150.
• The polyethylene sheath is UV resistant.
• The minimum bending radius is 10d.
• The service life of the overhead transmission line is at least 40 years.
• Warranty period - 3 years.
• The cable is labeled for each core.

See the table below for details.

Brand SIP-1, SIP-1A

Decryption:

• SIP-1. Phase wires are insulated from light-stabilized PE, the carrier core is bare;
• SIP-1A. All elements are sheathed in light stabilized PE.

The design of the cable brand SIP-1A

1. Phase cable.
2. Bearing vein.
3. Steel core.
4. Shell.

Peculiarities:

• the conductive core is made of stranded aluminum, cross section 16-120 mm 2 ;
• zero cable made of aluminum alloy with a supporting element made of steel, section 25-95 mm 2;
• sheath - "cross-linked polyethylene";
• operating voltage 0.6/1 kV;
• frequency 50 Hz;
• execution type I and II.

Area of ​​use:

• construction of highways and linear branches;
• building entry device.

brand

Decryption:

• SIP-2. Multicore insulated cables. The zero core contains a steel element, it is a bare cable.
• SIP-2A. Cables with insulated conductors.

Design areas:

SIP-2, SIP-2A is designed to carry out inputs into buildings, construction of VLI on the coasts of the seas, in regions with a cold climate, salt lakes, in places with a polluted atmosphere.

Cable brand SIP-2A

Peculiarities:

• operating voltage - 0.6; 1 kV;
• network frequency - 50 Hz;
• atmospheric version - type II and III;
• delivery - in drums.

Brand SIP-3

Single-core steel-aluminum insulated cable with protective insulation made of "cross-linked polyethylene".

Design:

• cable - multi-wire power cable, made of compacted aluminum alloy, contains a steel core. Cross section 35-240 mm 2 .
• shell - "cross-linked polyethylene" type

The structure of the SIP-3 cable: 1 - bearing element; 2 - aluminum wires; 3 - shell

Peculiarities:

• operating voltage 10, 15, 20, 35 kV;
• the declared service life is at least 40 years;
• execution according to GOST 15150 II and III.

Purpose:

• construction of main sections and power transmission taps in 10-35 kV networks;
• connection of equipment to overhead transmission lines (disconnectors, reclosers, metering points, etc.);
• laying routes in areas with a difficult environmental situation;
• installation of power lines near the seas, saline sands, salt lakes.

Brand SIP-4

SIP-4 - power cable without a separate carrier core. Sheath made of cross-linked polyethylene.

General view of SIP-4

Specifications:

• operating voltage 0.6; 1 kV;
• frequency 50 Hz;
• execution in accordance with GOST II and III.

Design features:

• phase conductors - aluminum from thin wire, compacted; section 16-120 mm 2;
• sheath made of light-stabilized thermoplastic polyethylene.

Application area:

• installation of branches to buildings;
• construction of highways and linear branches;
• input to metering devices;
• construction of power lines in regions with severe winters.

Brand SIP-5

SIP-5 - stranded power cable, without bearing element. The current-carrying elements are made of aluminum, the sheath material is cross-linked polyethylene.

General view of the SIP-5 cable

Purpose:

• highways and linear branches to VLI;
• branch device.

SIP testing

1. Polyethylene breakdown test (for protected wires): for a voltage of 20 kV it is at least 24 kV, for networks of 35 kV - at least 40 kV under power frequency conditions.
2. AC insulation test:
   • for a voltage of 0.4 kV - is 4 kV;
   • for 20 kV, the value is 6 kV;
   • for 35 kV the value is 10 kV.

Fixing the four-wire VLI-0.4 on the SV rack

1. Steel tape.
2. Clip for bandage tape.
3. Hook.
4. Plain clamp.
5. Collar.
6. Hook.
7. Tension clamp.

Dismantling the cable. Video

How the SIP cable is dismantled can be found in the video below.

Self-supporting insulated wires are the best solution for the construction of modern power lines. High performance, low construction costs and minimal personnel costs for line maintenance have made SIP one of the leaders in cable and wire products. The introduction of insulated new cable brands has reduced the number of accidents and emergency shutdowns household consumers.

The SIP-4 wire is intended for the construction of outdoor overhead power lines and for conducting branches to residential buildings and household buildings. It is suitable for operation in areas where moderate or cold climate prevails. The operating voltage of the cable can reach 0.6kV/1kV at 50Hz.

Wire sip-4 specifications

In the SIP-4 wire, aluminum is used as a conductive material, and thermoplastic light-stabilized polyethylene is used as an insulating material. The twisting of the conductors is carried out in the right direction, while the pitch should not exceed 45 cm. The operating voltage is 600 V (at 50 Hz). The wire can be used in the temperature range from -60 to +50 °C. The value of the bending radius is up to ten diameters. Service life of a wire from 25 years.

The construction of the wire consists only of self-supporting conductive aluminum wires, framed with thermoplastic light-stabilizing polyethylene. A feature of the design of the wire is that all cores, including zero, have an equal cross-sectional diameter.

SIP (self-supporting insulated wire) has a high margin of resistance to mechanical stress and aggressive adverse climatic environment. This allows you to carry out repair work with such a wire without disconnecting power lines.

In places where the laying of the wire is associated with an increased fire hazard, it is recommended to apply a special fire-retardant covering element to the SIP-4 insulation, which creates additional reliable protection against open flames and high temperatures.

Self-supporting insulated wire SIP-4 2x16 is used only for powering electrical receivers and end consumers. Not used in overhead power lines. In the design of the conductor, there is no carrier zero core, only conductive cores. SIP-4 wire 2x16 can also be used in lighting networks in public areas.

OKPO code: 35 5332.

Name decoding

Decoding SIP-4 2x16: self-supporting insulated wire; number of aluminum conductors 2-4; the cross-sectional area is 16 square millimeters.

Features and Benefits

• Wire SIP-4 2x16 eliminates the risk of a short circuit;
• Feasibility study: to reduce the cost of repair work. Due to which operating costs are reduced;
• Long service life. Subject to the requirements of manufacturers, the working period is at least 40 years;
• The overall dimensions of the suspension are reduced.

Application

SIP-4 wire 2x16-0.6/1 is used in air networks with a rated operating voltage of 20 and 35 kV at an industrial frequency of 50 Hz, room category 2 and 3 according to GOST 15150-69. Self-supporting insulated wire SIP-4 2x16 can be used in climatic zones marked Y and X (temperate and cold climate). It can also work in a chemically aggressive environment on the territories of industrial facilities and saline coastal marine and other areas.

Provides normal operation provided that the operating temperature is within the allowable range. SIP-4 is an environmentally friendly product, does not emit chemically harmful active substances into the environment above the maximum permissible concentration.

Wire Composition

• The SIP-4 2x16 cable is made of aluminum core, the twist pitch does not exceed 45 cm.
• The number of conductive wires varies from 2 to 4;
• The cores are round, sealed and multi-wire;
• The material of the carrier zero core is aluminum alloy. Stranded from round conductors;
• Twisting of insulated conductive wires goes around the carrier wire;
• The insulating material that is present on the neutral core and as a protective sheath of wires is light-stabilized cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE insulation).

Specifications

The main characteristics of the SIP-4 cable 2x16 mm2:

• Rated operating voltage - 0.6 / 1 kV;
• The maximum allowable operating temperature for emergency and thermal overloads is 130˚С;
• SIP-4 wire 12x16 mm 2 has a bending radius of not more than 7.5 times the cable diameter;
• The manufacturer's warranty is valid for 3 years from the date of commissioning of the conductors. Not later than 6 months from the date of manufacture;
• Scope of tests and verifications. conductors must withstand the test AC voltage industrial frequency of 50 Hz over the entire construction length for 5 minutes after being kept in water, the temperature of which varies in the range of 20 ± 10 ˚С for 10 minutes. For self-supporting insulated conductors - 4 kV, protected for a rated voltage of 20 kV - exposure 6 kV, for 35 kV - 10 kV. The breakdown test alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz of the protective insulating sheaths of conductors after being kept in water at a temperature of 20 ± 5 ˚С for more than 1 hour is: for conductors with an operating voltage of 20 kV - more than 24 kV, for 35 kV - more than 40 kV;
• Climatic modification type B, room category 1,2,3 according to GOST 15150-69;
• Permissible operating temperatures range from -60˚С to 50˚С;
• Installation and repair work is carried out at a temperature environment not lower than -20˚С;
• The specific ohmic resistance of current-carrying conductors at a temperature of 20˚С per 1 km of the conductor is determined in accordance with GOST 22483-77;
• The specific volume resistance of the insulating material at a long-term permissible heating temperature of the conductive core is more than 1 1012 Ohm∙cm;
• Conductive cores during operation withstand the permissible temperature for heating no more than 90˚С;
• Conductive conductors during operation in the mode short circuits withstand the permissible temperature for heating no more than 250 degrees Celsius;
• Conductors withstand intense ultraviolet radiation and aggressive environmental influences, including temperature + (70 ± 2) ° С, - (40 ± 2) ° С;
• Increased moisture resistance;
• The service life is approximately 40 years.