The optimal dimensions of the fireplace for a room of 16 sq.m. Power, dimensions and other characteristics of the fireplace

In our time, people's desire for a comfortable life is understandable and can be explained. Owners of houses outside the city, cottages, summer cottages strive to make their home cozy, full of warm atmosphere, so that visiting it is a pleasure at any time. And nothing can be compared with a modern fireplace, which in the winter cold will provide an opportunity to warm up and enjoy the process of smoldering logs in the hearth.

However, before its equipment, it is initially necessary to decide on a number of issues that relate to the choice of a firebox for fireplaces and its installation. The quality of its heating, as well as heating costs, depend on which device will be installed in the room.

Why is choosing a fireplace insert important?

This is great if you are wondering which fireplace insert to choose. You are on your way to making the right choice. The choice is important because the combustion chamber can perform a variety of functions. Because of this, they are used:

or as the main source of domestic heat;
or as additional heating of housing;
or as a decorative element.

If you choose a combustion chamber, then you should initially proceed from its main purpose.

For example, if you need a device as an interior decoration, and not a heating agent, then it would be illogical to buy a high-power fireplace for a huge amount. And vice versa, if an important heating function is supposed to be assigned to the fireplace, then it is of paramount importance to study its technical characteristics that will help it perform its tasks well.

What are fireplace inserts?

Before considering the combustion chambers, it is necessary to remember what the fireplace as a whole consists of. This is the chimney, the outer lining and the combustion chamber itself.

Allocate:

open hearth fireplace;
closed hearth fireplace.

The design of the first type is the most comfortable and romantic. It is always a pleasure to spend time in front of an open fire on a cool evening and admire the burning of firewood in the hearth. However, it is worth remembering that this option is characterized by several disadvantages:

First, this heightened danger. Such a fireplace should not be left unattended.
Secondly, low efficiency. About 15% of the heat energy remains in the room, and the rest, unfortunately, is removed through the smoke paths.

It can be concluded that a fireplace with an open combustion chamber is a purely decorative luxury that allows you to create a warm and cozy atmosphere in a living room. Plus, it will not be possible to adjust the power of fuel combustion in such a device.

Adjustment can only be made with a view that allows you to open or close the chimney damper and control the draft. As a heating system, this fireplace will operate inefficiently.

In contrast, a fireplace with a closed combustion chamber will be highly effective in heating housing outside the city in winter time and during the off-season. It will be entrusted not only with the function of decor, but also with heating the room.

The high efficiency and good performance of these models is caused by a completely different principle of operation compared to the device open type. Thermal energy accumulates inside the combustion chamber and is not removed with the decay products to the outside. This ensures high thermal efficiency. If the fireplace is installed according to the rules, then the efficiency of the device can reach 92%.

Another advantage of a fireplace with a closed firebox is that it is equipped with a long burning system, due to which heat energy can be stored from 12 to 15 hours on a single fuel tab. It is both efficient and quite economical. You can adjust the oxygen supply, which affects the combustion force, using the knob.

Such a system does not require constant monitoring of the owner, the fireplace will independently and slowly radiate heat, and in the morning there will be an optimal temperature and atmosphere.

Also, the following points are considered the distinctive parameters of closed fireplace inserts:

Good economy in fuel consumption due to high efficiency.
Stable work.
Insensitive to drafts and sharp wind gusts.
Larger product range compared to open type fireboxes.
The ability to repair the structure without dismantling the fireplace.
Long operating period.
The ignition of the heated area is almost zero, since the fire does not enter the room directly.
Safe use. You can leave the fireplace and go to sleep peacefully without worrying about the possibility of fire.
Combustion control option by regulating the air supply to the fireplace.
If desired, you can find a fireplace with a minimum weight on the market.
The ash accumulates in a specially designated niche, so it does not stain the heated area.
Compared to an open firebox, a closed one does not require certain parameters of the smoke paths, which is due to the design itself.

As for the disadvantages, you can highlight the narrow glass in inexpensive models, which does not allow you to enjoy the view of the flame.

If desired, it is possible to convert an open fireplace insert into a closed one. To work, you will need to insert a closed cast-iron firebox into the overall design of the fireplace.

The combustion chamber itself is a fireplace insert (cassette), which is closed with a glass door. This insert is installed to the chimney, from where the combustion products are later removed.

Pros and cons of cast iron fireboxes

Having decided on the type of furnace design of the fireplace, it is necessary to make a choice of chamber material. The firebox can be cast iron or steel, or it can be lined with fireclay bricks. Compared to steel construction, cast iron combustion chambers are much cheaper and more practical. Which is better, it's not even worth thinking about.

Cast iron fireplace inserts are characterized by:

fire resistance;
resistance to deformation;
ease of installation;
low cost;
high efficiency;
excellent thermal conductivity;
chamber tightness;
the ability to heat a room up to 300 m²;
the ability to keep warm for a long time.

The special design of the cast-iron combustion chamber of the closed type allows you to save heat for a long time and gives up to 70% of heat into the room.

Outside, the combustion chamber is covered with a special protective paint that can withstand temperatures up to 700 ° C. The front side has a glass door that allows you to monitor the intensity of combustion, as well as load firewood.

The lower part has an ash chamber. Combustion products are sent here, namely tar, ash and ash. An ash pan is also needed for another process. It is well known that combustion cannot take place without oxygen. Air circulates through the ash niche into the cast iron furnace.

The disadvantages of fireboxes for cast iron fireplaces with glass include:

Weak viewing windows.
Rapid contamination of windows with soot.
All designs are available only in black, and this does not give the opportunity to choose the design of this fireplace.

However, the last point is easy to fix by installing a decorative grate on the fireplace in the form, for example, of a bronze openwork mesh.

Choosing a fireplace insert

After you have decided on the design features and material of the combustion chamber, it remains only to choose a model. The main parameters, based on which it is necessary to choose a firebox made of cast iron, are:

Power.
door material.
The shape of the combustion chamber.
glass door shape.
Price.

The size of the fireplace insert may vary. It all depends on the manufacturer and many other parameters.

Power

This parameter becomes decisive for the rationality of the purchase of the equipment itself. For the correct choice of a fireplace for this parameter, it is necessary to calculate the volume of the heated room, plus - to decide whether the fireplace will serve as the main source of heat in the home, or whether it will simply be a backup heater.

The power characteristics of the combustion chamber are indicated depending on its weight, dimensions, and material.

The required power of the equipment is calculated by the footage of the room. Rooms with an area of 50 to 100 m² require a combustion chamber with a power of 7 to 11 kW. For larger areas, apply the formula of 1 kW of power per 10 m² of heated space.

If it is not possible to choose one of several models according to this characteristic, then take the firebox with the lowest indicator. In practice, the heating capacity of the device is higher than prescribed, so in the model with the lowest power, the fuel will leave more rationally.

door material

The door is the most important part of the combustion chamber. In order for it to withstand an elevated temperature of 750-8000 ° C, it is made of quartz refractory glass or a ceramic crystal.

Fireplaces with a transparent glass door are made from refractory ceramics. While options with hazy glass with yellowness are made from quartz fire-resistant glass.

Currently, market offers are full of inexpensive models with a compact glass door, but if you wish, you can buy more expensive fireboxes with double-leaf and convex glass doors. Of course, the difference is only in the decorating functions, because it is much more pleasant to enjoy the smoldering of firewood when the fireplace is equipped with a combustion chamber with a large glass door. Modern fireboxes have doors with an automatic glass cleaning function. Due to the circulation of warm air, the glass is easy to wipe from dust, soot and soot.

Combustion chamber shape

The shape of the combustion chambers are:

Fireplace inserts are angular.
Standard / frontal.

Here the choice, of course, depends on the location of the device. The frontal version is also subdivided into "trapezium" and "rectangle".

The advantage of the standard design also lies in its budgetary cost and high efficiency.

This is due to the location of the chimney directly with the firebox, without any bends, the draft in this fireplace is better. The corner fireplace insert, in turn, does not have a similar performance due to the remote location of the chimneys.

glass door shape

Glass door shape:

rounded.
Flat.
Segment.

It is logical that the firebox with a flat door is considered the cheapest. However, if you want to make the design of the room more unusual, you can purchase interesting rounded options.

On the market, you can also find a universal type of door, in which one part is made of steel, decorated with decorative forging elements, and a view behind the flame is provided by a glass part.

Such a style decision of the window will make it possible to add a special cozy and antique shade to the design.

Price

How much a wood-burning fireplace insert will cost depends on the quality of the glass. It is necessary to take a responsible approach to the selection process of this product. It can have one layer or many.

It is also worth remembering about such characteristics as the operational period and heat resistance. The technical passport of the device always prescribes a guarantee of use (by the hour). The heat resistance of a window directly depends on its strength - this indicator is prescribed in the data sheet (in millimeters).

In terms of price / quality ratio, it is rational to purchase glass with a thickness of 4 mm.

How to increase the efficiency of an open hearth fireplace?

As mentioned above, an open hearth fireplace allows you to create a comfortable and romantic atmosphere for socializing and spending time indoors. Such design feature promotes air exchange in the room, makes it possible to observe the fire. And if you follow all the rules, then the fireplace will be quite safe in terms of safety.

At the same time, it is irrational to operate it as a heating device. The maximum thermal efficiency of an open-type combustion chamber is 15-20%. In addition, the impossibility of heating with the help of convection affects the fact that the fireplace heats only closely spaced objects and interior parts (ceiling, walls, floor). You can feel cozy only very close to the fireplace. And if through certain time there is a need to use an open firebox as a heating device, then it is necessary to carry out specific work on its installation.

For an excellent understanding of the need to re-equip an already existing fireplace into a highly efficient device, it is necessary to understand what the very open firebox is and what processes are carried out inside it when burning logs.

And now attention.

It is impossible to achieve highly efficient combustion of wood in an open-type furnace.

Since the cool air circulating into the combustion chamber from the room greatly reduces the combustion temperature. It turns out that in the process of pyrolysis, wood does not completely disintegrate, and in addition to ash, coals also remain.

Due to the low temperature at the top of the combustion chamber, high-quality oxidation of volatile hydrocarbons is not carried out.

Incomplete oxidation produces harmful carbon monoxide and low temperature water vapor. Smoke gases that enter the chimney contain unburned wood particles - soot, ash and are characterized by a low temperature of 100 ° C. Condensation occurs due to the low temperature of the flue gases.

And if there is no adequate thermal insulation of the upper part of the chimney, the pipe is slowly destroyed. The efficiency of open-type furnaces is maximum 15-20% of the theoretically possible amount of heat energy that is in wood.

To convert a real open firebox into a highly efficient heating device, you need:

Make the temperature in the combustion chamber higher by distributing warm air into the furnace in a dosed manner: 25% of air into the lower part of the structure for the pyrolysis process and 75% of air into the upper part of the structure for the oxidation of hydrocarbon bonds.
Provide convection in the room, which will carry warm air from the firebox and direct cool air from the room into the firebox.

Due to the fact that the combustion chamber of an open type requires a large amount of air during combustion, in order to eliminate drafts in the room, it is required to supply air to the furnace from the outside.

This issue can be rationally solved only by purchasing a convection cassette into the existing furnace.

To prevent the movement of air from the room directly into the chimney, the distance between the cassette and the open firebox must be insulated. When burned in a closed cassette, the temperature in the upper part of the structure will reach 700-750 °C. The secondary air masses that pass between the walls of the combustion chamber will move up the structure and effectively oxidize the hydrocarbon bonds released during the pyrolysis process. With the help of built-in cassettes, the air in the room will heat up with sufficient efficiency through convection currents.

When burning firewood in a closed cassette, the temperature of the smoke gases circulating in the chimney is 250-300 ° C, which in turn prevents the formation of water vapor.

The purchase of a closed cassette with convection channels for installation in an open combustion chamber makes it possible to increase the heat transfer of the fireplace up to 60-70% and turns it into a relatively efficient heating device.

Currently, the range of these products on the Russian market is quite large. And it is not difficult to choose exactly the model that will meet all the requirements of the user. It remains only to decide on the material for the manufacture of the fireplace insert, to be aware of each type of equipment, its features, advantages and disadvantages, plus do not forget about specifications and form. All this has been discussed above. Good luck with your choice!

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thrust

Air enters the furnace through the portal (window) of the fireplace. It is believed that to ensure the correct operation of the heater, the speed of air movement through the portal must be at least 0.25 m / s.

In practice, it is difficult to measure the speed value. Before kindling the fireplace, one can only determine whether there is draft or not by the deflection of the flame of the lit paper. How good or bad the draft (air flow rate) is, the user of the fireplace is convinced in practice by the smell of burning (smoke in the room) and the speed of burning wood.

The draft is influenced by many parameters, among which are the temperature inside and outside the room, the degree of heating of the flue gases, the condition of the chimney (the presence or absence of cracks in it, through which additional air is sucked into the pipe), type, quantity and humidity of the fuel.

But the most important condition for the correct operation of the fireplace, which ensures its functioning within a wide range of variable parameters, is compliance with the main dimensions and their ratios in the design of the heating device.

The main dimensions of the fireplace design include the height (B), width (A) of the fireplace window and its area (F), height (Htr), dimensions of the flow section, cross-sectional area of the chimney (f). Of course, all these sizes can be different, but a certain ratio must be observed between them, otherwise the fireplace will not be able to work.

It does not determine the efficiency of the fireplace, but the depth of the firebox © and the dimensions that determine the position of its side walls significantly affect the efficiency of its operation. No less than the parameters of the firebox, the efficiency of the fireplace is affected by the size and position of the fireplace tooth (protrusion), the height of the beginning of the protrusion from the hearth of the fireplace (L), the excess of the tooth above the upper border of the fireplace window (G), the width of the chimney opening that is not blocked by the fireplace ledge (M).

The remaining dimensions of the fireplace do not affect its performance and efficiency. The shape of the fireplace, the dimensions of the body, the position of the fireplace table (mantelpiece) should be chosen based on how harmoniously the fireplace fits into the overall interior of the room.

It was already mentioned in the article “Fireplace Device” that the area of the fireplace portal window is chosen depending on the volume of the room in which it is installed, namely, the number of square meters of the window area should be 20 times less than the number of cubic meters of the room volume. Based on the selected dimensions of the fireplace window, the cross-sectional area of the pipe is calculated not less than 1/16 of the portal area. If the fireplace is attached to an already finished chimney, then based on the required ratios, the calculation is based on the dimensions of the finished chimney, from which the allowable parameters of the chimney window are calculated.

The above reasoning and relationships are basically correct, but they do not take into account important parameters - the height of the chimney and the shape of its section.

The cross section of the chimney can be round, square or rectangular. Smoke (chimney gases) rises through the pipe not vertically upwards, but in ascending spiral streams. In a round pipe, the shape of the flow corresponds to the shape of the pipe, all its space is occupied by a single upward flow of gases.

In square pipes, vortices are formed at the corners, directed against the main gas flow, as a result, the upward movement of smoke occurs not over the entire cross-sectional area of the pipe, but only in its center, which practically leads to a decrease in the effective section of the pipe. The turbulences that form in rectangular pipes interfere even more strongly with the upward movement.

Due to the decrease in the effective cross-section of the pipe, depending on the shape, pipes of round, square and rectangular sections, having the same proportions in relation to the portal area, remove smoke from the fireplace with different efficiency.

An accurate engineering calculation of the parameters of a chimney is a task more for a theorist than for a practitioner, requiring not only taking into account many non-constant parameters, but also the possession of certain special knowledge in heat engineering.

In practice, they usually use averaged tables and diagrams calculated by specialists. Various specialized companies offer chimney calculations for their own products, so the exact values of the "proprietary" parameters may vary.

The figure shows a diagram developed by the German company Shiedel, linking the diameter of a round chimney of its own production with the height of the chimney and the area of the portal of an open fireplace.

The following diagram makes it easier to choose the height of a chimney with different opening geometries depending on the ratio between the area of the portal and the section of the chimney opening.

As can be seen from the graph, the difference in the height of the pipe required to provide thrust for the same values of the ratio of the portal area and section is quite significant. In practice, the ratio is chosen depending on the diameter of the pipe available, and during the construction of brick pipes, they are guided by the dimensions of the opening lined with whole full-sized bricks.

Another factor influencing the final height of the chimney is the placement of the chimney outlet above the roof. When the pipe is located near the roof ridge (up to 1.5 m), the upper cut of the chimney should be located at least 50 cm above the ridge. At a distance of 1.5-3 m - it should not fall below the ridge. At a distance of more than 3 m, the angle between the horizontal line passing through the ridge and the line connecting it with the upper cut of the pipe cannot exceed 10 °. If we neglect the recommendations, then the draft will be significantly reduced by the air flow formed by the atmospheric wind blowing from the side of the opposite roof slope.

The values of the pipe height and the relationship between the pipe section and the portal area given in the tables and diagrams are not absolute. The difference in figures obtained from different sources is explained by the fact that there are no clear boundaries between a fireplace that works correctly or with some minor flaws. In addition, as already noted, other factors, and not just geometric dimensions, also affect the efficiency of the fireplace. Therefore, it is impossible to practically determine (especially before the start of operation) how ideally the heating device will work.

If there is any doubt about the appropriateness of a particular figure, the best adviser is personal experience. Unfortunately, House master usually does not have it, so you can not do without consulting a professional.

We thank RETRO for their help in preparing the material. The company "RETRO" carries out the whole range of furnace works, is engaged in the manufacture, repair, restoration of stoves and fireplaces.

www.diy.ru

interior decoration

Nowadays, fireplaces have gained great popularity, they are installed not only in a private house. Modern bio-fireplaces have made it possible to use this unit in ordinary apartments. But such structures are intended primarily for decorative purposes, but today we want to talk about real wood-burning ones, the installation of which requires building a foundation.

Both warm and dry

Regardless of which fireplace is installed in the house, many perceive it as an attribute of decorating the room and do not think why this unit has been preserved almost unchanged from ancient times to the present day. But it is an excellent device for ventilation of the house.

With it, you can ventilate and dry the room, while this operation is carried out in a very short time, during which more than one heater will not be able to cope with this task. This unit is very good to use in rooms where there is no central, permanent heating.

For example, by flooding a fireplace in a private house used for periodic residence, you will dry and warm up the cottage very quickly. (See. Fireplace stove for a summer residence)

Size matters

But we must understand that all these advantages are effective only when the dimensions of the fireplaces for the home are chosen correctly. It's no secret that arranging it, many people care primarily about the appearance, location in the room. And only last turn their attention to such an important fact as the size of the fireplace.

Today we will just talk about how to correctly calculate a fireplace for a house and make a design drawing based on the existing tasks in order to ensure maximum efficiency.

Important aspects: what needs to be considered?

When you start designing a fireplace for a home, it is necessary to make a drawing (See Corner Fireplace Drawings) and perform calculations based on the size of the room. Firewood can be burned both in a special metal basket and on a grate, or maybe just on the bottom of the firebox.

Our regular readers know that for normal combustion, in addition to fuel, a sufficient supply of air is required.

in the case when the fuel will burn on a flat hearth and the dimensions of the fireplace inserts will be the same, the combustion on the grate will be much more efficient;
in both cases, the dimensions will be identical.

The fact is that the use of a grate provides additional air flow, in this case it is possible to reduce the size of the furnace without losing efficiency.

Double effect - warmth plus ventilation

Since we are talking about the air supply and the possibility of its intake different ways, it should be added that in some cases the air can be taken not only from the room in which the fireplace is located, but also from the next room or even from the basement.

Such a device allows you to achieve several positive points at the same time:

By taking air from the basement, you will significantly increase its ventilation, which in itself is a good result.
If air is taken from another room in the house, no vacuum is created in the room where the fireplace is located, and its absence does not allow cold air from outside to enter the heated room. The effect is obvious - the room warms up very quickly with minimal fuel consumption.
If it is necessary to ventilate the heated room, the external air intake is simply blocked. In this case, the combustion air begins to flow from the room where it is located, the room is ventilated.

We carry out calculations

But we didn't answer main question- how to calculate the size of the fireplace and make a drawing?

First of all, the furnace hole

First of all, you need to determine the size of the fireplace insert. To accurately calculate the size of the firebox, you need to measure the room in which the fireplace will be installed. Let's start by determining the size of the firebox opening. The ratio of the furnace hole to the area of the room is 1:50 .

In order to make it more clear, let's take a room of a certain size and calculate correct dimensions fireplaces that can be installed in it.

The area of the room is 20 m².
We carry out the calculation – 20/50=0.4 m², or 4000 cm², we have decided on the size of the furnace opening, these data can be entered into our drawing.

Determining Width and Height

In our case, it turns out 51X77 cm or 510X770 mm.
It's pretty easy to check this information. 51X77 = 3927 cm2, nearly 4000 cm2, as we see our calculations coincide with the requirements.

The important part is depth.

Depth is 2/3 of height.
We already know the height, it is equal to us 510 mm.
Making a calculation – (510/3)*2=340 mm – we have determined the depth.

This depth is ideal for a fireplace of this size.

if you increase the depth, the heat will simply fly out into the chimney;
decrease given size lead to smoke in the room.

For those who, for some reason, do not want to independently carry out all measurements and calculations, below we provide a table of the main parameters that will help to make a drawing. From them, knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, you can determine the standard dimensions of the fireplace that you need.

Chimney - special attention

When designing, it is important to correctly calculate the size of the chimney for the fireplace. It is calculated based on the area of the portal and should be in 10-15 times smaller than it.

Tip: knowing the dimensions of the fireplace inserts, of course, you can calculate the size of the chimney, but you should know that this is a very important undertaking. If you do not have much experience in this area, it is better to entrust it to a professional, because no one has canceled such a thing as reverse thrust. Carbon monoxide poisoning is deadly! Remember this!

You can get more information about chimneys by reading the relevant articles on our portal. There are detailed descriptions of various chimneys, including fireplace chimneys.

Dimensions and material - a direct relationship

When arranging a fireplace, the dimensions of the chimney and firebox are not the only ones you need to know. For example, someone is more interested in the question - how many bricks do you need for a fireplace? The question is not idle and quite understandable.

But before answering it, we want to add a little to all of the above. In our article, considering the methods of calculating and determining the dimensions of a particular part, we did not mention materials. Why are we only talking about this now? Because it is directly related to the issue of the number of bricks.

Choice of location and dimensions

Earlier, we calculated the furnace dimensions, the fireplace and its dimensions directly depend on the material from which it will be complex. Knowing the material, you can quite accurately calculate the dimensions and determine the place for the future fireplace.

On our pages, we have already described how to choose a place, so we will not repeat ourselves. The only thing to add: knowing the placement rules and correctly calculating the dimensions, you can install this unit in the best possible way.

Foundation

After determining the dimensions of the firebox and chimney, you should calculate what the foundation should be.

They build a foundation based on the weight of the future structure. If the weight of the fireplace is less than 700 kg, then the foundation can be omitted, however, often the weight of the structure is much higher, so the foundation is necessary.

When building a medium-sized fireplace, as a rule, a foundation is made with a depth of 0.75 to 1 meter. These figures are valid if it is planned to live in the house permanently and the ground under it will not freeze. When building a fireplace summer cottage, the foundation must be deepened to the depth of freezing of the soil.

Please note: it is extremely important that the foundation of the fireplace and the foundation of the house do not have dressings, as these structures can give different settlements, which will lead to cracking.

Basic Mistakes

Unfortunately, this does not always happen. In some cases, one or more rules are violated:

The right size fireplace for a particular room.
Proper placement in compliance with its dimensions for a particular room.

Knowledge is power

This knowledge is not necessary in the case when you will be engaged in construction with your own hands, they will be useful to you even when you hire outside workers for construction.

In our time, there are "specialists" who are able to build something that at first glance looks and works well, but upon closer examination, it turns out to be just another flaw. Knowledge will help you exercise proper control over the construction work in your home.

The number of bricks - we count the orders

As for the number of bricks, we will not give detailed calculations for one simple reason - they will not be useful to you at all. Indeed, for each specific case, a completely different calculation is required.

Nevertheless, we will try to explain in a nutshell how you can approximately determine the number of bricks. Knowing the dimensions of the fireplace, the dimensions of the brick and the thickness of the seam, you can quite accurately calculate its quantity.

In any case, when arranging fireplaces, its dimensions are transferred to orders.
Having orders in hand, use them to count the number of bricks.
Don't forget the seams. The thickness of the seam in this case plays an important role.

We have already described how to properly arrange the seams in articles about masonry on our resource, so we will not repeat ourselves. Adding the number of bricks in all orders, you get the total. If the base is made of brick, do not forget about it.

Our advice: add more to the amount of bricks received 10% .

put together

Having made a drawing of a fireplace, you must have made sure that compliance with the basic parameters is extremely important when building it, and appearance plays a secondary role in this case.

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Conditions for normal traction

Everyone has heard of such a term as traction. Even without knowing the definition, one can intuitively imagine what it is. There are opinions that this is a pressure difference or a temperature difference between the upper and lower points of the chimney.

However, such a representation is not entirely correct, because with a small pressure difference, thrust can be increased due to other factors. Therefore, draft should be understood as the speed of movement of air masses through the section of the chimney. It can be enlarged, reduced or normal. The average speed should be equal to 0.25 m/s.

It is impossible to measure the speed of movement of combustion products at home. Before lighting the fireplace, it is recommended to make sure that draft is present. To do this, one should observe the behavior of the flame of a burning piece of paper, and it is already possible to estimate the magnitude of this thrust by the behavior of the fireplace itself after kindling.

Bricklaying scheme

In order not to rely on chance, all factors that affect the amount of thrust are carefully studied. Among them are dynamic (atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind, damage to the chimney) and statistical, depending on what dimensions of the fireplace were chosen during construction, what is its width, height.

Basic fixed dimensions

Size standardization does not mean that all fireplaces have to be cloned from one. The fact is that among all the dimensions they determine those that affect its functionality. It is these dimensions that must be observed. Among them are the linear dimensions of the firebox, the area of the smoke channel, the distance from the floor to the lower edge of the fireplace window, the position of the smoke tooth relative to the hearth of the fireplace, the width of the channel in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tooth overlap.

The remaining dimensions do not affect the work and play a decisive role in the difference between the models from each other. For example, the dimensions of the portal are selected depending on the size of the furnace hole and on the space allotted for the fireplace.

Fixing dimensions does not mean setting them to an absolute value. The listed dimensions are depending on the volume of the room that will have to be heated. But a mathematical relationship has been established between them, which cannot be violated. When creating a project, you can use one of the many ready-made tables, which contains all the values \u200b\u200bnecessary for these conditions. Such a table is an everyday tool for any master.

Dimensions of fireplace elements

Despite the fact that such tables can be found in any source, every master, even a beginner, should have an idea of \u200b\u200bhow this data is generated.

Calculation of parameters

The starting point for calculating the structure can be the volume of the room or its area. To determine the area of the fireplace window, which is the front of the firebox, you need to divide the area of \u200b\u200bthe room by 50. All the necessary measurements for the house can really be carried out without special devices. Knowing the area of \u200b\u200bthe furnace hole, you will have to solve a small math problem. The ratio of the width and height of the window is expressed as a fraction of 2/3. Based on these conditions, the first specific dimensions are determined.

Theoretically, the gas flow rate should not depend on the depth of the furnace. But practice shows absolutely opposite results.

Excessive depth leads to increased speed. Such an outcome is considered unfavorable, since the heat will not have time to be transferred to the room and, together with the warm air, will leave the room through the chimney.
The shallow depth of the firebox is a direct cause of poor traction. The room will gradually begin to fill with combustion products.

The standard depth is tied to the height of the window. It is 2/3 of the value of the latter. The selected proportions have been tested over the years and are the truth, to which there is no need to adjust the theory.

Finished cast iron

A complete calculation of the fireplace involves the calculation of parameters for the chimney. But here the main indicators depend on the shape of the smoke channel. In cross section, the channel may be a circle, square or rectangle.

Convection currents rise through the chimney along a complex trajectory that looks like a spiral. As a result, air masses practically do not encounter obstacles in the channel of circular cross section. In the remaining two types of channels, microflows are formed at the corners, which, by their swirl, prevent the movement of smoke. In such chimneys, it is advisable to talk about an effective channel, with an area much smaller than the area of the smoke hole.

This theory is proof of the fact that with the same height of the chimney, the amount of draft depends on the shape of the channel section. The average parameters of the chimney can be set and adhered to during construction. The length of the pipe will be affected by the place of its exit through the roof. It is important not to respect the proportions, but the distance from the pipe to the ridge. If it varies within 1.5 m, then the pipe is erected 0.5 m above the top point of the roof.

Table based on chimney dimensions

The next range of distances, limited to three meters, corresponds to the equality of the levels of the pipe and the ridge. If the distance from the pipe to the ridge exceeds 3 m, it is necessary to apply geometric constructions. Mentally, you should draw a horizontal line through the highest point of the roof. From it, count an angle of 10 ° degrees and draw a beam. Our pipe should end at the intersection of the beam and the axis of the smoke channel.

We should not forget about the area of the channel. It should be 10 times smaller than the area of the fireplace window. If you make a channel with a larger area, then this will not lead to an increase in thrust, as it might seem at first glance. Too large an area contributes to the breakthrough of cold air flows from the atmosphere into the room. This phenomenon is called reverse thrust.

What has not yet been learned

All dimensions that were listed above are in a certain dependence on each other. For the starting point of the calculation, we proposed to take the area of the room, which is a completely reasonable decision. However, in some cases the problem has to be solved from the end. For example, if the house has a chimney that meets the requirements for fireplaces in terms of its functions. Then all calculations will have to start from the area of the channel.

There are certain indicators that are not related to mathematical dependence, but are decisive for normal operation fireplace.

The height of the fireplace window from the floor can be about 0.3-0.4 m (depending on the presence of a niche for storing firewood).
The podium for the portal protrudes from its borders in front by 0.5 m, and on the sides by 0.3 m.
The smoke tooth angle is 20° degrees.
The side walls of the furnace taper towards the chimney, forming an angle with the normal from 45° to 60°.

Now you know everything about the formation of the geometric dimensions of the fireplace. Is it more convenient to use this knowledge or ready-made tables to understand what should be the width of the fireplace, its height? Each master gives a personal answer to this question.

The optimal width, depth of the furnace and the height of the heating structure itself allow you to organize the high performance of the device. If you don't follow everything necessary requirements, to achieve the desired result simply will not work.

fuel hole shape

The dimensions of the fuel chamber directly depend on the area of the heated room. In order to find out its dimensions, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the fireplace is installed is divided by fifty. The height and width of the fuel hole depends on what the figure turns out to be. The chamber for firewood should not be too narrow and low. Experts recommend taking a proportion of two to three as a sample, while the width should be larger.

Full heating at low fuel costs is possible only with right choice the size of the fireplace insert and especially its depth. With a small depth of the chamber, smoke may occur in the dwelling. Thus, its depth should be two-thirds of the height of the entire hearth.

In order to make it clearer, we give an example of calculating the parameters for a dwelling of twenty-eight square meters:

28/50=0.56 sq.m. – a fireplace insert of this size must be installed indoors.
indicators of the fireplace are 61x92 cm.
we calculate the depth of the fuel chamber (610 2) / 3 = 406.7 mm. We round up to a whole number and get a depth indicator of 40 cm.

Features of the calculation of the chimney

To prevent the formation of condensate in the chimney system (a black liquid with an unpleasant odor dangerous for masonry), you need to install a good chimney, the outlet of which is one eighth - one fifteenth.

The chimney channel in this case is 20 by 26 centimeters, its area is 52 square centimeters, that is, 1/10 of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe chamber itself.

Among other things, you need to consider the length of the chimney channel. It should not be very high, that is, more than ten meters. Excessive height will reduce the performance of the heating structure. If you make the chimney too low, it will not be able to fully remove the volatile combustion products into the atmosphere, and this is smoke that is dangerous to human health. The most suitable height is four to five meters. If you have the opportunity, use a device supplemented with special knees and bends. A device used to remove carbon monoxide is usually installed at a distance of twenty-five centimeters from the main ceiling beams, as well as load-bearing walls and partitions.

Foundation calculation

For the depth of laying the foundation, there is also an optimal figure - fifty centimeters. If you are installing a fireplace outside the city, in a temporary dwelling where you are not going to come so often, the depth of the base should be increased to twenty centimeters from the level of soil freezing.

The foundation of the fireplace should not be connected to the foundation of the house, as they have different shrinkage and can destroy each other. Usually the distance between these two foundations is ten centimeters. The base should protrude beyond the hearth by five to ten centimeters on all sides.

Height adjustment

The height adjustment of the hearth is carried out with the help of special bolts fixed on the legs of the heating device. In some cases, supports are used. The required distance can be achieved by specially laid out several rows of bricks from the floor to the desired height.

The placement of the fuel chamber in height has the following requirements:

the distance to the floor should be thirty - forty centimeters,
in some models, a firewood is located at the bottom, then the distance is increased,
when calculating the position of the bottom of the furnace, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the floor, the way it is arranged. Moreover, you need to think about this in advance, even at the planning stage of the fireplace.

Extra options

In order to organize the safe operation of the heating system outside the city, the following additional parameters should be considered:

- side panels should be located at a half angle of forty-five to sixty degrees,
- the back wall of the fuel chamber should also have an angle of inclination (for more complete heat transfer) of about twenty degrees,
- the rear panel begins to tilt from about one third of the wall,
- for greater safety, a special pre-furnace sheet is used, which should extend beyond the boundaries of the fireplace platform by twenty to thirty centimeters,
- the protrusion of the base is brought out fifty centimeters in front of the portal, thus, it turns out to hide the shortcomings of the fuel chamber,
- on the sides of the portal organize a special protrusion of twenty-five - thirty centimeters

Calculations of the corner model of the fireplace

To determine the size of the corner fireplace at the very beginning, it is necessary to calculate its area. After that, the figure is divided by one hundred, thus, the desired value for the focus is obtained. We get 28 sq.cm.

The fuel chamber of the hearth is built in the shape of a triangle, as an option, a trapezoid. This configuration is considered the most convenient and productive.

Let us dwell on the design in which the bottom has the shape of a triangle. Thus, we calculate according to the following formula: B \u003d (√S) 2

In this case, the height indicator of the corner structure should be slightly larger than the width. The depth of the furnace is the value obtained by dividing the width of the chamber by 1.4.

Our combustion chamber width will be one meter, and the height can vary within one meter - one meter twenty centimeters. The depth will reach seventy centimeters on both sides.

Dimensions for decorative model

A decorative fireplace is used only for home decoration, so it can be installed anywhere in the house. If we consider the visual effect and the organic combination of the design with other interior items, then the area of \u200b\u200bthe hearth should not be more than 1/25 of the entire area of the room.

The specifics of choosing a metal fireplace

Metal fireplaces are especially relevant among residents of country houses. When selecting the necessary equipment, you should carefully read the passport, the recommended power of the device should be written there. Thus, the parameters of the focus should be correlated with these indicators. The choice of power depends on what area the fireplace will heat subsequently. The area indicator is multiplied by the height of the ceilings, and the resulting figure is divided by twenty. This will be the minimum power of the device.

Of course, the choice of a fireplace for your home is up to you, but after reading our article, take into account all the prescribed recommendations and draw conclusions that will help you purchase a heater.

Video: How to choose the optimal dimensions of the fireplace?

A fireplace is comfort, original design and a homely atmosphere. Currently, thanks to the variety of models, a fireplace can be installed even in a small house or living room, placing it compactly - in a niche or in a corner. The first question that arises among people who decide to build in the house is the size of the fireplace, as well as the material from which it will be made.

Corner fireplace dimensions

With the choice of material, as a rule, there are no problems, it is a matter of personal preferences, financial possibilities, as well as the design of the building. So, for example, the installation of a brick fireplace in a typical city apartment will require a serious reconstruction of ceilings, repairs and approvals from supervisory authorities. Therefore, apartment owners often prefer electric or bio-fireplaces that do not require the installation of a chimney, but rather perform a decorative function. If the main purpose of the fireplace is to heat a private house, then a metal or brick fireplace with a wood or gas firebox will be the best choice.

Naturally, with all the variety of models, corner fireplaces have a completely different sizes. For the size is determined based on the overall design and layout of the house, and for a heating fireplace, it is also necessary to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bheated rooms.

Decorative corner fireplace - maximum dimensions

Corner dimensions, choose based on the size of the room. So that the design does not look bulky, the area of \u200b\u200bthe corner fireplace should not exceed 1/25 of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. So, for a living room of 20 square meters, the optimal area of \u200b\u200bthe fireplace should be no more than 0.8 meters, and the length of its sides adjacent to the walls should not exceed 1.2 meters.

The design can be made lighter and not cluttering up the space, but at the same time functional, if shelves are attached to the false fireplace on both sides. These shelves can play the role of stands for books, souvenirs and knick-knacks.

Corner decorative fireplace with shelves

Similarly, the dimensions of the portal for a built-in electric firebox or biofireplace are calculated, but in this case it is also necessary to take into account the installation dimensions of the firebox, which are indicated in the passport. For example, for a biofireplace firebox with dimensions of 625x628x267 mm, the drawing of which is shown in the figure, it is necessary to select the dimensions of the portal.

Built-in biofireplace insert

Furnace overall dimensions

In order to calculate its width, it is necessary to add to the width of the firebox the width of the side frames and consoles of the portal, and to the height - the height of the woodshed, mantelpiece, decorative elements. It is also necessary to take into account the depth of the furnace. Let's take the width of the side frames 250 mm on both sides, the height of the firewood rack 400 mm, and the height of the cornice and mantelpiece - 300 mm. As a result, we get a fireplace width of 1125 mm, a height of 1328 mm. The width of the side walls of the portal, taking into account the depth of the furnace, we will take 250-300 mm. The length of the sides adjacent to the walls for a symmetrical fireplace is calculated as the width of the portal divided by 1.4 - in our case it will be 0.8 m.

The easiest way is to take a drawing of the firebox in three projections and draw a drawing of the portal directly on it, taking into account all distances, and then calculate the required dimensions. You can also purchase a ready-made portal, the dimensions of which correspond to the firebox you have chosen - specialists shopping center will help you with this.

Firebox installed in the finished portal

metal fireplace

Fireplaces made of metal come in several types: floor placement, in a finished building with decorative trim, or built-in fireboxes. They can work on wood, pellets, gas, depending on the model chosen. The dimensions of such fireplaces for a particular room are determined by the heated volume of air - this parameter is called power and is indicated in the passport for the fireplace. To select a suitable fireplace, you need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe house that you plan to heat, multiply it by the height of the ceilings, and divide the resulting volume by 20. You will get the minimum fireplace power you need to heat.

For example, for country house with an area of 60 square meters with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, the volume of the room will be approximately 160 cubic meters. You need to divide this figure by 20, you get the required power of 8 kW. For such a house, a fireplace stove with a power of 9 kW, shown in the figure, is quite suitable. Its dimensions are indicated on the drawing.

Stove-fireplace "Amur"

Dimensions and power of the Amur fireplace stove

For a built-in firebox, after choosing a model with the required power, the calculation of the dimensions of the portal is carried out in the same way as for decorative fireplace. An exception is the case when the firebox is placed in a prepared brick fireplace body. For such a fireplace, when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the standard dimensions of the brick in order to avoid additional fitting.

Dimensions of a brick corner fireplace

The most difficult case, requiring careful calculations, is the construction of a wood-fired. In this case, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary calculation of the minimum dimensions of the furnace and chimney, depending on the heated room, and then adapt the results to the standard dimensions of the brick.

To calculate, you need to know the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room or house. This indicator is divided by 100, the result is the area of \u200b\u200bthe furnace. The firebox in the corner fireplace is triangular or trapezoidal with a narrowing to back wall- this form contributes to better heat transfer.

For a furnace with a triangular bottom, the width of the front part is found as follows: Square root from the area value and multiply it by two. The depth of both sides is determined by dividing the width by 1.4. The height of the firebox for classic corner fireplaces is usually slightly larger than its width. The diameter of the smoke hole should be within 1:10 ... 1:15 of the furnace area. For example, it is necessary to calculate the dimensions of a brick for heating a living room of 30 square meters. To do this, divide the area by 100, get the value 0.3 square meters. Find the width of the furnace: take the square root of 0.3 and multiply the value by 2, get 1.1 m - this width corresponds to about 4 bricks. The depth of the sides will be equal to 1.1 / 1.4 = 0.78 m - 3 bricks.

To determine the dimensions of a trapezoidal firebox, you can use a ready-made table. Based on the results of the calculations, a suitable fireplace model is selected from those shown in the figures below, and the fireplace is placed in accordance with the order.

Corner fireplace with triangular firebox

Corner fireplace with an enlarged firebox

Corner fireplace with rounded firebox

Other Important Fireplace Dimensions

If your fireplace is installed on a separate foundation, some requirements must be observed when pouring it:

The concrete base should be 5-10 cm larger than the fireplace area on each side;
The foundation of the fireplace cannot be rigidly fastened to the foundation of the house, it must be at least 10 cm away from it, and after the concrete has hardened, this distance must be covered with a sand cushion;
The height of the foundation should be lower than the level of the finished floor by 2 rows of masonry, that is, by 15 cm. Before starting the construction of the fireplace, the foundation is waterproofed with roofing material in two layers and the base is laid out of brick according to the scheme of the first two rows of ordering on cement mortar.

It is also necessary to observe fire-prevention distances of 25 cm from the pipe to floor beams and walls, and to secure combustible structures near the walls of the fireplace itself with thick foil.

It is equally important to correctly design the area of the smoke hole and the height of the chimney in order to ensure good draft and eliminate smoke in the room. The area of the smoke hole should be within 1:10…1:15 of the furnace area. For example, the area of one brick is 0.03 square meters, which corresponds to the area of \u200b\u200bthe firebox 0.3-0.45 square meters. The height of the straight part of the chimney should be such as to provide stable draft - usually it is done in the range of 3-5 meters. If the height of the pipe at your fireplace is greater, you need to provide elbows with bends, otherwise the draft will be too strong and the firewood will burn out instantly. The height of the pipe above the roof level depends on its location relative to the ridge, it must correspond to the scheme.

There is an opinion that the device of the fireplace in country house can only be done by a professional. But this is not entirely true, such a heating design can be done with your own hands, for this you need to understand the principle of the fireplace device by studying the drawings and diagrams.

The most important preparation points

Preparation for construction sometimes takes more time than the installation of the heating structure itself. In this process, there are a few important things to understand:

The nodes that make up the fireplace

The design of the fireplace consists of:

Ash pan. In a simple way, it blew
The working platform of the firebox or in other words "under"
Firebox
Firebox mirror. oblique rear end firebox from which heat is reflected
Portal. Responsible for the appearance of the structure
smoke tooth
Khailo or otherwise smoke chamber
Chimney valve or, professionally, a damper, with the help of which the draft is regulated
Neck. This element is the transition of the fireplace to the chimney
Chimney connection
Chimney
Grate

Where to install a fireplace and how it should be

The device of a fireplace is much simpler compared to a stove. On the one hand, this is an advantage, because it is easier to fold and the material is spent much less. On the other hand, this design has a low efficiency, because it gives off half the heat of the furnace.

How to calculate the dimensions of the fireplace

The size of the furnace window should be related to the area of the room as 1:50. The height of the firebox should be related to the width as 2/3, according to the scheme it will be B / A. Further empirically we select the height of the fireplace window and find out the width of the firebox using the formula A \u003d 3xB / 2. It is important to pay attention to the calculation of the main parameters A, B, C. The next important parameter is the depth. It should be 2/3 of the height of the furnace window and is calculated according to the formula C \u003d 2xB / 3. If this parameter is increased, then the heat transfer will drop, and if it is reduced, then the fireplace will smoke. According to the fire safety rules, the shelf in front of the fireplace should protrude half a meter into the room. The height from the floor should be 80 cm.

If the length of the chimney from the grate to the top point is more than 10 meters, then at least one elbow must be made. Otherwise, the draft will be too large and all the heat will go into the chimney, plus all this will be an overrun of firewood.

The protrusion of the chimney above the roof can also be viewed according to the diagram, which gives the minimum requirements from which it is worth starting. If your country house not large, it is better to raise the chimney pipe higher. The higher the pipe above the ridge, the stronger the thrust.

Choosing a place for a fireplace

For this, there are instructions for designing:

The fireplace is not installed opposite the windows
Installation in walk-through rooms is not desirable
Do not use small rooms, because oxygen will be burned out. A generally accepted minimum of 12-15 square meters
The firebox should face the center of the room
Should not border on external walls
It is advisable to install next to a load-bearing wall

Of all the heating units currently in use, the fireplace is perhaps the oldest. It originates from an ordinary, open hearth. To improve draft and prevent smoke from filling the room, a pipe was built for the hearth. In ancient times, almost all buildings were made of wood and, to ensure safety, the hearths were lined with stones, so a fireplace appeared.