Cherry orchard analysis according to plan. cherry orchard business plan

Analysis of the work

Chekhov conceived this work as a comedy, as a funny play, "wherever the devil walks like a yoke." But K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, highly appreciating the work, perceived it as a drama.

The external plot of The Cherry Orchard is the change of owners of the house and garden, the sale of an ordinary estate for debts. The businesslike and practical merchant Lopakhin opposes here the beautiful, but absolutely not adapted to life, nobles. The action of the play is the destruction of the poetry of the estate life, which indicates the onset

new historical era.

There is no conflict in the composition of the dramatic plot, since there is no outwardly expressed confrontation of the parties and a clash of different characters. Chekhov shows only the confrontation of different life positions.

The culmination of the external plot is the auction sale of the cherry orchard on August 22, which is also the denouement.

Thus, the way Chekhov chose to organize external action was not characteristic of classical drama.

The plot-forming beginning of this work is “mercilessly passing time”, its inexorable course permeates the entire action of the play.

In The Cherry Orchard, the external action has clear time limits - from May to October. Lopakhin controls time, proof of this is the author's constant remark that he looks at his watch. In the first act, almost all the characters are in some kind of average borderline state between dream and reality. They constantly remember the past, which becomes for them a much greater spiritual value than the present. Their ghostly world is alien to reality. The present requires not words, conversations and enthusiastic deeds, but actions that Chekhov's heroes are absolutely incapable of.

In the third act, there is a meeting with the present, which is useless to resist.

The inner plot of the play is what did not happen, did not happen. The loss of the estate turns out to be not such a big loss compared to the life lived, which he did not notice, as if he had not lived at all. The situation of meetings and farewells in the house is reflected in the deep conflict of the play - a person in the passing time, which turns the comedy " The Cherry Orchard into a play about life and death. Of course, conflict will eventually become inevitable,

before which everyone will be equal - not only the winners, but also the losers.

Plan

1. Ranevskaya's arrival at the estate. 2. Lopakhin offers a way out, how to save the estate. 3. Gaev offers his options for getting money to pay off debts. 4. The life story of Ranevskaya. 5. Talk about the future of Petya and Anya. 6. A ball in the house of Ranevskaya, while the estate is being sold at auction, where Lopakhin buys it. 7. Farewell to the house and garden.

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General description of comedy.

This lyrical comedy, as Chekhov himself calls it, is aimed at revealing the social theme of the death of old noble estates. The action of the comedy takes place on the estate of L. A. Ranevskaya, a landowner, and is tied to the fact that, due to debts, the inhabitants have to sell the cherry orchard so beloved by everyone. Before us is the nobility in a state of decline. Ranevskaya and Gaev (her brother) are impractical people who do not know how to manage. Being people of weak character, they drastically change their mood, easily shed tears over a trifling matter, willingly gossip and arrange luxurious holidays on the eve of their ruin. In the play, Chekhov also shows the people of the new generation, perhaps the future lies with them. These are Anya Ranevskaya and Petya Trofimov (former teacher of the deceased son of Ranevskaya Grisha). New people should be strong fighters for the future happiness. True, it is difficult to classify Trofimov among such people: he is “stupid”, not too strong and, in my opinion, not smart enough for a great struggle. Hope - for young Anya. “We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this...” - she believes, and in this faith she is the only variant in the play of a happy development of the situation for Russia.

1) The form: a) the problematic part (subjective beginning), the world of a work of art: Main characters (images): landowner Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna, her daughters Anya and Varya, her brother Gaev Leonid Andreevich, merchant Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich, student Trofimov Petr Sergeevich, landowner Simeonov-Pishchik Boris Borisovich, governess Charlotte Ivanovna, clerk Semyon Panteleevich Epikhodov, maid Dunyasha, footman Firs and Yasha, as well as several minor characters (passerby, stationmaster, postal official, guests and servants). In addition, we single out the "garden" as an independent hero, he takes his place in the system of images of the play. b) The structure (composition) of the work, the organization of the work at the macrotext level: the comedy consists of four acts. All of them are intertwined plot and chronologically, forming a single picture of events. c) Artistic speech

This work is a comedy, so it is very emotional. We note that the text of the play is full of historicisms and archaisms denoting objects and phenomena from the life of people at the beginning of the 20th century (lackey, noblemen, gentleman). There is colloquial vocabulary and colloquial forms of words in the remarks of the servants (“I’m good, what a fool I dumped!”, “Charming, after all, I’ll take one hundred and eighty rubles from you ... I’ll take ...”), there are also numerous borrowings from French and German, direct transliteration and foreign words as such ("Sorry!", "Ein, zwei, drei!", "The grand-rond is dancing in the hall").

topic - this is a phenomenon of the external and internal life of a person, which is the subject of study of a work of art. Work under study polythematic, because contains more than one topic.

According to the way of expression, the topics are divided into: 1) explicitly expressed: home love theme(“Children’s, my dear, beautiful room ...”, “Oh, my garden!”, “Dear, respected closet! I welcome your existence, which for more than a hundred years has been directed towards the bright ideals of goodness and justice”), the theme of family, love for relatives(“My darling has arrived!”, “My beloved child”, “I suddenly felt sorry for my mother, so sorry, I hugged her head, squeezed it with my hands and couldn’t let it go. Mom then caressed everything, cried”), the theme of old age(“You are tired, grandfather. You should rather die”, “Thank you, Firs, thank you, my old man. I am so glad that you are still alive”), love theme(“And what is there to hide or be silent, I love him, it’s clear. I love, I love ... This is a stone on my neck, I go to the bottom with it, but I love this stone and I can’t live without it”, “ You have to be a man, at your age you have to understand those who love. And you have to love yourself... you have to fall in love"; 2) implicitly expressed: nature conservation theme, theme of the future of Russia.

2) cultural and historical themes: the theme of the future of Russia

According to the classification of the philologist Potebnya:

2) Internal form (figurative structures, plot elements, etc.)

3) External form (words, text structure, composition, etc.)

The problem of the work.

The main problems of this play are questions about the fate of the Motherland and the duty and responsibility of the younger generation. The problem is implicitly expressed, since the author conveys this idea through the symbol of the cherry orchard, revealed from various aspects: temporal, figurative and spatial).

Specific issue: a) social (public relations, building a new life, the problem of a noble idle society); b) socio-psychological (internal experiences of the characters); d) historical (the problem of the nobles getting used to the abolition of serfdom).

Chronotop.

Straightforward, the action takes place in May 1900, immediately after the abolition of serfdom, and ends in October. Events take place in chronological order in the estate of Ranevskaya, however, there are references to the past of the heroes.

Characteristics of heroes.

It is worth noting that in the work there are no sharply positive or sharply negative characters.

Appearance The heroes are given very briefly, and only clothes are described. Not all characters are included in the text.

Lopakhin - "in a white vest, yellow shoes", "with a pig's snout", "thin, tender fingers, like an artist's"

Trofimov - 26-27 years old, “in a worn old uniform, with glasses”, “hair is not thick”, “What an ugly you have become, Petya”, “strict face”

Firs - 87 years old, "in a jacket and a white vest, shoes on his feet."

Lyubov Ranevskaya, landowner - “She is a good person. Easy, simple person”, very sentimental. Lives idle out of habit, despite being in debt. It seems to the heroine that everything will work out by itself, but the world collapses: the garden goes to Lopakhin. The heroine, having lost her estate and her homeland, leaves back for Paris.

Anya, Ranevskaya's daughter, is in love with Petya Trofimov and is under his influence. Fascinated by the idea that the nobility is guilty before the Russian people and must atone for their guilt. Anya believes in future happiness, new, better life(“We will plant a new garden, more luxurious than this”, “Farewell, home! Farewell, old life!”).

Varya is described by her adoptive mother, Ranevskaya, as "of the simple ones, she works all day long", "a good girl".

Leonid Andreevich Gaev - Ranevskaya's brother, "a man of the eighties", a man confused in words, vocabulary which consists mainly of “billiard phrases” (“I cut into the corner!”, “Doublet into the corner ... Croiset in the middle ...”) and complete nonsense (“Dear, esteemed wardrobe! I welcome your existence, which is now more for a hundred years was directed towards the bright ideals of goodness and justice; your silent call for fruitful work has not weakened for a hundred years, supporting (through tears) in the generations of our kind cheerfulness, faith in a better future and educating in us the ideals of goodness and social self-consciousness") . One of the few who comes up with various plans to save the cherry orchard.

Ermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin - a merchant, "he is good, interesting person”, he characterizes himself as a “man is a man”. Himself from a family of serfs, and now - a rich man who knows where and how to invest money. Lopakhin is a very controversial hero, in which callousness and rudeness are struggling with diligence and ingenuity.

Pyotr Trofimov - Chekhov describes him as an "eternal student", already aged, but still not graduated from the university. Ranevskaya, angry at him during an argument about love, shouts: “You are twenty-six years old or twenty-seven, and you are still a second-grade gymnasium student!”, Lopakhin ironically asks “How long have you been studying at the university?”. This hero belongs to the generation of the future, he believes in it, denies love and is in search of truth.

Epikhodov, the clerk of Ranevskaya and Gaev, is madly in love with their maid Dunyasha, who speaks of him a little ambiguously: “He is a meek person, but only sometimes when he starts talking, you won’t understand anything. And good, and sensitive, just incomprehensible. I seem to like him. He loves me madly. He is an unhappy man, every day something. They tease him like that with us: twenty-two misfortunes ... ". “You go from place to place and do nothing. We keep the clerk, but it is not known for what ”: in these words of Vari - the whole life of Epikhodov.

Portraits, as we have already described earlier, are brief - a dependent element of the work.

The interior is a valuable element in the work (i.e., it is necessary for the description as such), because, among other things, it creates an image of time: in the first and third acts, it is an image of the past and present (the comfort and warmth of a native home after a long separation (“My room, my windows, as if I had not left”, “The living room, separated by an arch from the hall The chandelier is on fire")), in the fourth, last act - this is a picture of the future, the realities of the new world, emptiness after the departure of the heroes ("The scenery of the first act. There are no curtains on the windows, no paintings, there is little furniture left, which is folded into one corner, Definitely for sale. There is a sense of emptiness. Near the exit door and at the back of the stage, suitcases, road knots, etc. are stacked. To the left, the door is open").

Thus, the interior performs a descriptive and characteristic function.

This gives rise to new shoots.

In old trees, the top is cut off by about 2 m, some of the branches hidden near the trunk inside the crown are removed.
Fruiting trees are pruned slightly in the spring in order to thin out an excessively dense crown. At the time of fruiting, the old parts of the shoots are removed.

Successful farm: cherry orchard as a serious business

Attention

Place under the garden So, where is the best place to plant trees? For a small garden, about 5 hectares will suffice.

In this case, the harvest will be good, and a lot of effort will not be spent on growing and harvesting it.
Cherry loves sandy light soil, you can rent a field with such soil for 2 thousand rubles a year.
More expensive black soil in this case is not needed. As a rule, farmers garden on their own land.
Then the cost of rent can be safely deducted. Cherry trees are placed in elevated areas, but at the same time in a place protected from cold winds, which, like frost, can kill plants.

Cherry is very fond of light, although it also bears fruit in the shade. But for good harvest It is worth taking care that the trees receive as much sunlight as possible.

The Cherry Orchard is a good option for a family business

The same is done with the crown, if it exceeds 3-3.5 m.

Bushy trees are regularly pruned lightly, that is, by removing damaged or weak shoots.
The crown is slightly thinned out. One-year growths on which the apical bud is formed are not removed.

Branches, at the end of which fruits have formed, are forbidden to be shortened.
You should act according to the principle of thinning.
Branches growing inside the crown should be removed while the tree is young.
Too long branches are moderately shortened.
Every three years, the cherry is “rejuvenated” by thinning out the branches.

Cherry cultivation. business idea

Some varieties of cherry trees have their own characteristics, so before planting a seedling, you need to find out what variety it is and what conditions will increase the yield.

Seedlings are best planted in autumn in October or early spring in April, although cherry is considered a frost-resistant tree, severe frosts can affect future harvest.

Info

You can buy seedlings in special nurseries, and large farms can offer to purchase almost ready-made trees of 3 summer age, which will delight the harvest next year.

The retail price of seedlings ranges from 250 to 550 rubles, while the wholesale price can be two times lower.
It is better to plant seedlings from each other at a distance of at least 5 meters, so that the grown trees do not then shade each other.

Growing cherries - making money from your garden

Osmium bumblebees or bees are the most effective. To prevent losses and increase the profitability of a business on sweet cherries, we recommend giving preference to varieties:

undersized;
with dry separation of fruits;
with resistance to cracking from rain (foreign varieties);
with dark red berries, 30-40 mm in diameter;
with the preservation of the presentation with a delay in collection for 5-15 days;
with high transportability and a shelf life of at least 3 days.

An example of selection of varieties for a cherry orchard As for the choice of rootstock, it is better to use seedlings on VSL-2 of Russian selection.

At correct formation crowns on it, commercial fruiting begins already in the 4th year and lasts 18-25 years.

2. Soil preparation and planting of seedlings.

Growing cherries as a business in a summer cottage

The cost of one cherry seedling is $5, sweet cherry - $10-12. If we take one and the other equally, then average cost one seedling will be equal to $ 8, the total purchase price of a batch of 1000 pcs. is about $8000.

Important

At the same time, up to 40 kg of berries can be harvested from one tree per season (naturally, somewhat less in the first couple of years).

At the moment, the average wholesale cost of one kilogram of cherries is $0.5, or even higher.
Thus, in one season, a cherry orchard of a thousand trees can generate an income of $20,000.
Advantages of "cherry" farming As noted above, the first harvest should be expected only after a few years.

For specially prepared seedlings, this period can be equal to 3-4 years, for ordinary ones - a little longer.

Growing cherries - a business idea in agriculture

You also need to choose a taxation system. Suitable USN or ESHN from a rate of not more than 6% of net profit.

For growing fruits and berry crops OKVED code 01.13.21 is selected.

Registration takes about 10-15 days. The payment of state duty is obligatory. In order to be able to officially sell agricultural products, it is necessary to obtain a GOST R declaration of conformity from the SES and a phytosanitary certificate from Rosselkhoznadzor. Cherry cultivation technology 1. How to choose a variety and rootstock? When drawing up a business plan for a cherry orchard, special attention should be paid to the choice of rootstocks and crop varieties. It is on this stage of project development that the future stability of crops and, accordingly, the amount of profit depends.

cherry orchard business plan

What about profit? The yield from 1 sweet cherry tree is about 80 - 120 kg, depending on the variety.

So for a season from a plot of 10 hundredths you can collect about 2700 kg of cherries (with an average yield from 1 tree - 90 kg).

From a plot of 1 ha, this figure will be already - 29,700 kg of crop.

The average wholesale price for cherries is $1 - $1.3 per 1 kg. The average retail price is $2.5 - $3.3 per 1 kg. Thus, from 10 hundredths you can make a profit: with wholesale - $ 2700, with retail - $6750.

From 1 ha, the corresponding amounts will be: wholesale - $29,700, retail - $74,250.

Conclusions. The cherry growing business is a very profitable business, but at the same time it is a long-term investment that will pay for itself in 4-5 years.

And many don't want to wait. Demand is high, so it makes sense to do this.

The culmination of the external plot is the sale of the cherry orchard from the auction on August 22, which is also the denouement.

Thus, the method of organizing external action, which Chekhov chose, was not characteristic of classical drama.

The plot-forming beginning of this work is “mercilessly passing time”, its inexorable course permeates the entire action of the play.

In the third act, there is a meeting with the present, which is useless to resist. material from the site

The inner plot of the play is what did not happen, did not happen. The loss of the estate turns out to be not such a big loss compared to the life lived, which he did not notice, as if he had not lived at all. The situation of meetings and farewells in the house is reflected in the deep conflict of the play - a man in the passing time, which turns the comedy "The Cherry Orchard" into a play about life and death. Of course, the conflict will eventually become inevitable, before which everyone will be equal - not only the winners, but also the losers.

Plan

Ranevskaya's arrival at the estate.
Lopakhin offers a way out, how to save the estate.
Gaev offers his options for obtaining money to pay off debts.
The life story of Ranevskaya.
Talk about the future of Petya and Anya.
A ball in the house of Ranevskaya, while the estate is being sold at auction, where Lopakhin buys it.
Farewell to home and garden.

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