How to plant rowan from seed. Growing rowan: video

Reproduction of mountain ash is possible by shoots and cuttings, less often by seed methods and grafting, branches. Cuttings give seedling results much faster than root shoots or grafting, however, the latter is no less successful in terms of growing quality.

For cuttings of mountain ash, annual shoots up to 20 centimeters long are used. They must have up to four branches and, accordingly, kidneys. At first glance at the cuttings, it is worth immediately determining how prepared they are. The ideal cuttings for rowan propagation will be half-woody shoots, which, in turn, have retained a green, young, elastic part.

It is worth cutting rowan cuttings in advance - not in the planting season. They are usually removed from mountain ash in the fall, approximately by the end of September, then they are prepared, marked and sent for storage. Too long shoots are best cut into two parts, if allowed, into three to save stock. nutrients and easier to store, care for them. The cuttings are cut from the middle part of the mountain ash. The apical part, the cuttings of which do not bear fruit, remains without attention.

Preparation of rowan cuttings for propagation includes pruning, processing and planting in the soil mixture or in open ground. Pruning cuttings of mountain ash includes the upper and lower sections. The first one is carried out horizontally and is only a rejuvenating cut, but the lower one is done a centimeter below the kidney. The cut of the lower part of the handle must be made oblique - this contributes better development roots. Pruning of rowan cuttings is carried out on the day of planting.

Preparation consists in treating the bottom of the cutting with preparations to form the root system. It is worth acquiring those that include protection against diseases and pests. Cuttings are planted at an angle (about 45 degrees).

The soil mixture is also prepared in advance for the adoption of cuttings. First, it is worth removing the weeds and digging up the site, then level it. The approximate distance between rowan cuttings is 15 centimeters, and between rows is 70 centimeters. A prerequisite is the presence of kidneys in the cuttings. At least two buds should be on the surface, not in contact with the soil mixture. In order for the rowan cuttings to be stable, the ground around the cutting is well rammed and pressed with a hand. After planting, the area with the rows should be watered. If the soil settles in places, exposing the previously formed voids, it is worth additionally adding the soil mixture and compacting it again.

Moderate watering and constant loosening will help efficient breeding rowan cuttings. The soil mixture should be allowed to dry out a little, but the ground should not be completely dry. Rowan care affects the growth and development of cuttings. With optimal care, the cuttings form small seedlings by the beginning of autumn. If the planting material took root at home or in greenhouse conditions, then it is at the beginning of autumn that seedlings can be transplanted into open ground. You should not delay the process of transplanting rowan, otherwise the seedlings will not have time to take root in the cold and may suffer from sudden changes in temperature. AT winter time rowan seedlings must be insulated.

Mountain ash does not succeed on ordinary rootstocks, but shows good results after grafting on pear wilds. If mountain ash is propagated by seeds, they are sown in spring or autumn with stratified seeds: about 150 pieces are sown per 1 linear meter. Before stratification, last year's or dried seeds are soaked for 3-4 hours.

rowan fruit close up

Unlike wild rowan, garden rowan requires regular feeding, processing of tree trunks, pruning, and watering. Otherwise good harvest don't wait. Rowan is very fond of fertilizers.

Secrets of growing garden rowan in the country

With age (and therefore - with active fruiting), the need for them increases. In the first half of summer, mountain ash, like other garden crops, needs mineral nutrition - at this time, the shoots grow intensively, flower buds are laid, and fruits are formed.

Variety name	Characteristic
Titanium	The variety was bred by crossing the pollen of a pear and a red-leaved apple tree. From this came a strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits weigh 2 g. They are sweet and sour, juicy with yellow flesh, pinkish near the skin. They can be consumed fresh as well as processed. In Russia, the harvest is plentiful.
Liquor
Pomegranate
Dessert
Burka
Scarlet large
Finnish
Nevezhinskaya

Rubric "Question-Answer"

Question number 1.

Question number 2.

Question number 3.

The elegant beauty of mountain ash is sung in literature and poetry for good reason. The decorative appeal of the curly tree is backed up useful properties fruits.

Rowan: planting and care, types and varieties

The elegant beauty of mountain ash is sung in literature and poetry for good reason. The decorative appeal of the curly tree is backed up by the beneficial properties of the fruit. Since ancient times, our ancestors served dainties from mountain ash to the table: candied fruits, in honey, jam or spicy soaked berries. Also noteworthy healing properties plants. Among the people, berries and tree bark are used for lack of vitality - beriberi, fruit tincture has a hemostatic property, has a diuretic effect. Well, and, probably, there is no such Russian who would not have tasted the noble rowan liqueur prepared at home.

In Russia, mountain ash is a tree-amulet, magical properties were attributed to it, planted at the entrance to a house or courtyard. Modern gardeners also favorably treat this tree, which releases phytoncides, they want to decorate their landscape with it. personal plot. Before planting rowan in your yard, it is advisable to choose the most suitable type of tree. In total, more than a hundred of them are known, about 40 winter-hardy species freely grow in our strip. They differ in height, crown shape, fruit color. Depending on the design tasks, large-sized or undersized species, shrub varieties or with a spreading crown are chosen.

Designers recommend compatriots to plant mountain ash cultivars: "Bead", "Burka", "Black-fruited", "Ruby", "Pomegranate", "Sorbinka", "Titan". This choice is supported by the unpretentiousness of these species, early fruiting, high taste qualities of fruits. The fruiting of the ignorant mountain ash varieties "Yellow", "Kubovaya", "Red" comes late. The astringent tannins of raw berries give the fruits a bitter taste. Some of them acquire a pleasant aftertaste only after the first frost, the rest only after processing.

The picturesque tender beauty rowan belongs to the category of long-livers trees, the duration of its life can reach hundreds of years. The question of how to plant a mountain ash correctly so that it pleases several generations is appropriate.

The first thing to know: the place should be chosen unshaded, the soil should be nutritious, with good drainage.

Second: mountain ash is an excellent neighbor for shrubs, flowers and herbs. A deep tap root absorbs moisture at depth, does not take away nutrient moisture and plants with roots located close to the surface. Plants do not compete in relation to sunlight, on the contrary, light foliage obscures, protects from scorching rays.

Pruning is not needed for the tree - it looks great with the natural formation of the crown. In some cases, it may be necessary to treat with insecticides from pests.

Mountain ash belongs to the genus of deciduous frost-resistant trees and shrubs from the Rosaceae family. It grows on any soil, is not afraid of the shade, but, growing in sunny places, it brings large yields. Rowan loves moisture, but does not tolerate waterlogging. It is self-fertile, so several varieties should be planted on the site at once. We will tell in the article how to plant mountain ash, at what time, how to care for seedlings.

How mountain ash breeds: ways

There are about 80 varieties of mountain ash and many more hybrids. Rowan is a tree with openwork leaves and red-orange fruits. There are trees reaching 2 meters in height, and there are also undersized shrubs - no more than 2 meters high. The fruits may have the most different colour: orange, red, burgundy, cream, pink, yellow, white.

Rowan - a tree that is easy to grow and plant

In wild-growing species, the fruits are bitter, in garden ones - sweet. Many of them reproduce by seeds. In the wild, seeds are carried by small animals and birds - rowan shoots sprout from their droppings. How to grow mountain ash from seeds? Usually seeds are collected from berries, then they are ground, washed, and dried. Seeds are sown in September-October to a depth of 2 centimeters. Sprinkle them on top with humus and earth.

Shoots usually do not appear in the coming spring, but in the next. Usually mountain ash is planted before the buds swell - in the spring, or two to three weeks before frost - in late autumn. Specific varieties of mountain ash are grown from seeds, and ornamental varieties are grown by grafting onto common or Finnish mountain ash, which has a more powerful and deep root system, and those plants that are grafted on it are less affected by dry soil.

Tip #1 It is good to use common hawthorn as a stock. Budding is carried out with a sleeping eye in late July - early August.

Mountain ash does not succeed on ordinary rootstocks, but shows good results after grafting on pear wilds.

Rowan ordinary - planting and care in the open field

If mountain ash is propagated by seeds, they are sown in spring or autumn with stratified seeds: about 150 pieces are sown per 1 running meter. Before stratification, last year's or dried seeds are soaked for 3-4 hours.

Crops carried out before winter must be insulated with fallen leaves. Rowan seedlings grow quickly, and by autumn they can already be planted in a school for growing and shaping. Growing planting material from seeds is much easier and often more convenient than propagation by grafting - a cutting or a dormant bud. But it is necessary to take into account the degree of variability of species, and the fact that during seed reproduction, the entry into the time of flowering and fruiting of plants occurs later.

Some mountain ash - for example, elderberry, large-fruited, Finnish, sweet-fruited, Moravian, Burka, Nevezhinskaya and others - when propagated by seed, produce offspring that are no different from maternal forms and are in no way inferior to those plants obtained by grafting. Rowan shoots grow quickly and usually mature. ".

Young plants are planted in a permanent place in the fall. Between vigorous species leave 3-4 meters, between small ones - 1.5-2 meters.

Where to plant rowan and how to care for the soil

Rowan is unpretentious. However, it grows and bears fruit best on fertile loamy soil with good, but not excessive moisture, as well as on sandy loamy soil. If it is acidic, then liming must be done in advance. It is better to plant mountain ash in open sunny places - in this case, its crown will be more spreading, and the harvest will be richer.

Rowan will not like places near garbage dumps, swampy places. It does not tolerate alkaline soils and soil compaction near the trunk circle. It is very important to monitor the soil in the near-stem circles. Namely - to produce watering, loosening, mulching, applying fertilizers to the topsoil in three steps - in spring, before flowering, in summer - ammophoska. After harvesting, in the fall, - only phosphorus-potassium. Grafted mountain ash should be regularly removed wild growth, which is unsuitable for reproduction.

How to grow rowan from seeds: step by step instructions

This method of growing a crop is very long and troublesome.

The fruits of mountain ash are carefully kneaded to the consistency of gruel, which must be left warm for 1-3 days.
Using tweezers, seeds are removed from it.
Wash them in a gauze bag.
A little dry and sown in a pot, filled from the bottom by 2/3 with soil, from above - by 1/3 with coarse sand.
Seeds are placed in pre-moistened sand.
The pot is kept warm for several days, then either at a temperature of +5 degrees, or deep in the snow for stratification.

rowan fruit close up

Shoots will appear either in the spring or a year later. In this way, only species plants are propagated - rowan Kene (with white fruits, forest). Varietal mountain ash (sweet-fruited, pomegranate, rose-fruited, etc.) reproduces only with the help of vaccinations for wild animals - this is much faster and more efficient. ".

Preparation of seeds for germination in mountain ash lasts 90-180 days - it depends on the weather during the growing season. Seeds that have formed in wet years usually have a short stratification period, in dry years it is longer. This dependence is less noticeable in chokeberry. Excellent seedlings come out of seeds that are laid for stratification immediately after harvesting, without drying. If they germinate prematurely, they should be stored under snow or in a place with a temperature of 0-3 degrees.

Tip #2 The earth is periodically moistened moderately, but so that the seeds do not germinate prematurely and do not rot.

In early spring, seeds are sown to a depth of 1.5 centimeters, in well-fed soil. organic fertilizers. In autumn, unstratified seeds can be sown if they are first soaked in water for a day. After sowing, the beds are immediately mulched with humus so that the soil does not dry out. In dry weather, especially if shoots have appeared, the plants need to be watered. During the summer you need to spend three watering.

Seedlings are thinned out so that there is a distance of 4-5 centimeters between them. Rowan is budded in the same way as a pear and an apple tree. For a rowan transplant, at least two years must pass. The rowan tree is unpretentious - if the root system is dug out carefully, it quickly takes root in a new place. Even if his leaves have fallen, most likely, next year it will come to life.

Rowan trees from seeds grow easily when planted properly.

How to plant rowan cuttings according to the rules

Rowan is planted in spring or autumn. The distance between plants should be 3-4 meters. There should be several mountain ash trees on the site: the mountain ash is self-fertile, which is why several are needed different varieties. This will ensure a good harvest. If this is not done, then very few berries will be born.

The parameters of the landing pit must correspond to the parameters of the rowan root system: 80x50 centimeters or 60x100 centimeters (diameter and depth). 500-600 grams of superphosphate, 10-12 kilograms of humus, 70-130 grams of potassium salt are added to the pit. It is necessary to make a drainage layer of crushed stone of 10-20 centimeters. The distance between the trees should be 4-5 meters. The root neck after the soil has settled should be at ground level.

Step-by-step instructions for planting rowan

Cuttings should be rooted in fertile soil in February and watered systematically. For a month, fertilize twice with complex mineral fertilizers.
Plant plants in cloudy weather immediately after the snow melts and the soil warms up to the optimum temperature. Planting can be carried out in the fall, at the end of September, on the eve of stable frosts. Autumn cuttings are carefully covered with foliage and wrapped with roofing material. When the first snow falls, sprinkle and compact the plantings.
Rowan planted in groups - 5-6 plants at a distance of 4 meters from each other.
The first two years it is necessary to regularly water the plantings, cultivate the soil around the plants, and feed them with complex mineral fertilizers.
From the third year, rowan does not need care - the plants have already grown stronger and grow on their own. They have enough rain. In dry summers, it is necessary to water them 2-3 times per season.
Care for seedlings is the same as for cuttings. Only they do not need to be rooted, but immediately planted in prepared pits fertilized with humus. If humus is not allowed, then it is enough to feed the seedlings with complex fertilizers at least 3 times per season.

Care, fertilizers, feeding mountain ash

Unlike wild rowan, garden rowan requires regular feeding, processing of tree trunks, pruning, and watering. Otherwise, do not wait for a good harvest. Rowan is very fond of fertilizers. With age (and therefore - with active fruiting), the need for them increases. In the first half of summer, mountain ash, like other garden crops, needs mineral nutrition - at this time, the shoots grow intensively, flower buds are laid, and fruits are formed.

Do not forget that rowan, although a resistant plant, also requires top dressing and fertilizers with essential trace elements.

In autumn, it is desirable to apply potash and phosphorus fertilizers, and easily soluble nitrogen fertilizers in spring. Phosphorus-potassium top dressing can be transferred to the spring, but the results will be obvious only after a year. If before planting mountain ash it is good to fill the soil with organo-mineral fertilizers, then in the first two years in the spring only nitrogen fertilizers (25-30 g / sq. M) are applied to the near-trunk circles.

Once every two or three years, for the last tillage in October, 40-50 g/sq. m of superphosphate and 20-30 g / sq. m of potassium salt.
In the early years, it is better to fertilize the tree trunks. When the row spacing is completely filled with roots, fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the entire area.
If you increase the doses of nitrogen fertilizers, this will increase the yield by almost 2-3 times, but will reduce the content of vitamin P in the berries.

How much water does rowan need? When the shoots and ovaries grow intensively, and the summer is dry, young mountain ash is watered at 20-30 l / sq. m, fruiting - once a week for 40-50 l / sq. m. In the near-stem circles of young and fruit-bearing rowan trees, the soil must be constantly loosened, weeding out.

But in the aisles, it must be processed no deeper than 18-20 centimeters, in the near-trunk strips - 5-6 centimeters. In this case, deep processing can cause abundant root shoots in grafted trees, which appear throughout the life of plants, but more intensively in young ones. Shoots grow from the base of the trunk or from the roots. And because they have favorable nutritional conditions, they develop quickly, inhibiting the growth of trees.

If the root growth is not removed in time, by 5-6 years it will finally crush the tree. It is cut with a sharp knife or secateurs. The cut must be made close to the trunk or in the top layer of soil - so as not to leave stumps. Otherwise, even more indomitable growth will form from sleeping buds.

The most common varieties of mountain ash

The most popular varieties of mountain ash are presented in the table:

Variety name	Characteristic
Titanium	The variety was bred by crossing the pollen of a pear and a red-leaved apple tree. From this came a strong tree with dense foliage. The fruits weigh 2 g. They are sweet and sour, juicy with yellow flesh, pinkish near the skin. They can be consumed fresh as well as processed. In Russia, the harvest is plentiful.
Liquor	This is a hybrid of mountain ash and chokeberry. The berries are large, sweet, dark in color.
Pomegranate	To obtain this variety, an ordinary mountain ash and a blood-red hawthorn were crossed. The berries are very large, dark red. Suitable for all types of processing. Harvest from one tree - a maximum of 60 kg.
Dessert	The height of the tree reaches 2 meters. The five-sided fruits have a bulbous shape. The crop is harvested as soon as it ripens, otherwise the berries will lose their presentation. Their taste is tart, sweetish-sour. Suitable for making compotes.
Burka	A hybrid of alpine chokeberry and common mountain ash. The tree is compact, low growing. Berries are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins. Designed for recycling.
Scarlet large	The variety was obtained by crossing pear pollen and Moravian mountain ash. The fruits are rich in vitamin C. Abundant fruiting occurs annually.
Finnish	The mountain ash of this variety is similar to the mountain ash. Color difference. Raspberry fruits become transparent as they ripen. The berries are neither bitter nor tart.
Nevezhinskaya	This is the most popular variety. Has sweet fruits. The variety is divided into varieties: "Red" with sweet fruits; "Kubovaya" with sweet and sour berries; "Yellow" with fresh berries.

Remember that mountain ash is not only a beautiful plant, but also useful, both for people and for birds.

Rubric "Question-Answer"

Question number 1. Is it possible to plant black rowan next to the red rowan?

Can. There is no need to be afraid of cross-pollination. However, given that red rowan is usually taller than chokeberry, it is advisable to plant them so that the first does not obscure the second. chokeberry branches well, but it is better to grow no more than 3-4 trunks from a bush, and cut the rest directly from the ground. After 10 years, it will be necessary to change the old trunks for young ones and every year leave only 1 most powerful, vertically growing shoot to replace the old one. It is better to grow red mountain ash in one, maximum three trunks.

Question number 2. A lot of mountain ash grows on the site, and in autumn the whole garden is covered with its leaves. Can I leave them to dig in the spring along with the soil?

Rowan practically does not get sick. Therefore, the leaves can not be raked. They are perfect in the spring as groundbait for the soil. Another use for rowan leaves: they can shift vegetables and fruits prepared for storage for the winter - this will protect them from mold and bacteria.

Question number 3. Is it possible to transplant rowan seedlings in early June?

If you can not damage the root system and ensure regular watering, then such a transplant is quite possible. When transplanting, use Kornevin.

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Planting mountain ash in autumn

The tree is frost-resistant, the fruits are processed into juices, wine, jam, marshmallow or ground with sugar.

Also, the fruits of mountain ash are used in folk medicine.

Rowan is a light-loving plant, but at the same time the place must be protected from through winds. When choosing a landing site, preference is also given to moist, but not stagnant soils.

Otherwise, the plant may die due to damage to the roots and bark.

How to plant rowan in spring

Planting mountain ash in autumn

Rowan has long been one of the symbols of Russia. The ancient Slavs even had a belief that the mountain ash has the ability to protect from the evil eye.

The tree is frost-resistant, the fruits are processed into juices, wine. jam, marshmallow or rubbed with sugar. Also, the fruits of mountain ash are used in folk medicine.

Rowan is a light-loving plant, but at the same time the place must be protected from through winds. When choosing a landing site, preference is also given to moist, but not stagnant soils. Otherwise, the plant may die due to damage to the roots and bark.

Rowan trees are planted in autumn: in September-October, a month before frost or in early spring. Planting too late can cause the seedling to get sick and lag behind in development the next year.

In autumn, you can more carefully approach the issue of planting mountain ash in the “right” place and soil.

It is better to choose a two-year-old seedling - it will be stronger and stronger. You need to choose a two-year-old with at least three strong root branches, the length of which should reach forty centimeters. One-year-old is also possible, but it is necessary to consider the parameters specified above, their consideration is important at least partially.

There are, of course, cases that winter comes earlier, and the seedlings have already been bought - then the trees are dug in. For this, a small hill is chosen, a traditional trench is dug - approximately forty centimeters.

Rowan does not tolerate acidic soil, in such cases it is limed in advance with the help of slaked lime, then the seedling is laid in such a way that the top looks south.

Rowan does not like soil compaction and weeds, so it will be necessary to clean the near-stem circles from weeds and necessarily loosen the soil surface - deep soil contributes to the appearance of root growth, which slows down the development of the tree. Therefore, if it appears, it must be cut out without leaving stumps.

Such a location should save the mountain ash from the burns of the February and March sun. Cover the roots and about half of the trunk with soil, trample down and water abundantly. After water has been absorbed, peat or earth is poured in the form of a mound to protect the root system from winter frosts. When there are many mice in the garden, the pit is covered with spruce branches and the snow is periodically trampled in winter.

How to plant rowan

Mountain ash grows on any soil, is not afraid of shading, but gives large yields in sunny places, it is moisture-loving, but does not tolerate waterlogging. Mountain ash is self-fertile, so at least 3 varieties should be planted on the site.

When to plant rowan

Rowan is planted, as a rule, in the spring - before the buds swell or in the fall - two to three weeks before the onset of stable frosts.

rowan planting technique

Landing pits are prepared in advance. Ideally, for spring planting, the holes should be dug in the fall, and for autumn planting, 2-3 weeks before planting. Optimal size pits for trees - 1 m in diameter, depth up to 0.8 m. For shrubs, a pit 0.6-0.8 m in diameter and 0.5 m deep is enough. Such a large volume is necessary so that the young and still weak roots of the seedling, developing, at least for the first year or two, do not waste strength on breaking through dense layers of untouched soil. When digging a hole, first remove the upper, fertile layer of soil to the depth of a shovel bayonet and put it on the edge of the hole. The lower, infertile layer is taken out and folded separately. Fertilizers are laid in the pit: 1-1.5 kg of double superphosphate, 50-100 g of potassium sulfate, the same amount of potassium chloride, up to 1 kg of wood ash, up to 1.5 kg of fluffy lime, 1-2 buckets of compost or well-rotted manure . All fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with half of the earth taken out of the top of the pit. A third of the mixture mixed with fertilizers is again taken out of the pit and then used when planting a seedling along with the remaining soil. If the soil in your garden is heavy enough, add a couple of buckets of sand to the soil removed from the pit.

Rowan: planting, growing, care

For light, sandy soil, fill the bottom of the hole with clay or loamy soil.

rowan breeding

Mountain ash is propagated by root offspring, layering, cuttings, grafting on rowan seedlings, and to obtain dwarf plants - on chokeberry, seeds. Fresh seeds are sown in autumn or spring. The main method of reproduction is grafting or budding on winter-hardy rootstocks of mountain ash. Grafted seedlings begin to bear fruit at 4-5 years, offspring of mountain ash - at 6-7, elderberry - at 2-3 years. In the first years, fruit buds are laid on fruit twigs, later annuli become the predominant fruit formations.

rowan fertilizer

Caring for mountain ash is not so complicated. It is necessary to regularly remove shoots from the root neck, water and fertilize the soil. Loosening the soil is another important condition in growing mountain ash. In spring, mountain ash grows very actively, so at this time you need to feed and trim, and as soon as possible. In young plants, broken or weak shoots can be cut, long stems are made shorter. Weak plants are pruned to 2-3 year old wood, so new shoots will grow faster. In the third year of life, plants need to be fertilized, and mineral fertilizers are suitable for this purpose. In the spring, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied. In summer, the soil is fed with the same fertilizers, only in smaller quantities. And after they harvest, only phosphate and potash fertilizers are applied in an amount of 10 grams per square meter. Fertilizers do not need to be heavily embedded in the soil, then slightly dig the soil and water it with plenty of water. DON'T BE GREED, SHARE THE ARTICLE WITH YOUR FRIENDS.

RECIPES FROM BERRIES AND FRUITS

We planted rowan behind the "outskirts" in the country, framed by flower beds. Revered by the Russian people, a symbol of beauty, love and purity of feelings is our ordinary red mountain ash. We planted as many as four mountain ash 15 years ago, hoping only to admire them, but over time, having gained experience, we began to indulge in jam from its berries and bite off a liqueur with liquor.

How to grow mountain ash in a summer cottage

Rowan planting

Our tree is wild. Snowless, icy. windy Far Eastern winters endure at times. We brought tiny rowan seedlings to the site from the forest in the spring, planted them in the most lit place, at a distance of about two and a half meters from each other. Holes were dug, corresponding to the size of the rhizomes, they poured good earth so that she would not feel outcast, shed well, and by autumn it was already clear that everything was in order with her. Like all wild ones, like bird cherry. trees in our dacha, we do not bypass the mountain ash, feeding in the spring with a nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium mixture.

Rowan ordinary - beautiful ornamental plant, successfully complementing landscape design dachas. With a pyramidal, rounded crown, graceful leaves, multi-flowered inflorescences, bright red and orange fruits. The tree looks especially wonderful during the fruiting period, when the brushes are fully ripe.

rowan care

Caring for mountain ash, we constantly cut out the root shoots, remove top shoots, carry out sanitary pruning to remove old and dried branches. We lighten the crown by removing branches that are densely growing and directed inward to the crown. We formed trees with a trunk at a height of 50 - 60 cm and left five to six skeletal branches on each.

Of the diseases, sometimes you have to deal with rowan aphids and mites. Spark DE (15 g per 10 l of water) and colloidal sulfur (40 g per 10 l of water) serve us against them. Red rowan almost does not get sick. But for prevention, we spray in the spring with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

The word "rowan" often goes together with another word - "bitter". Indeed, the berries lose their bitterness only after the first frost or special treatment. In our Far Eastern summer cottage, we harvest the fruits in late September, early October. Cut with brushes. By the way, they can be stored in a cool place, in the basement. They will last until March.

Red rowan berries contain carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin P, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine, sorbic acid. But, since our article is not on a medical topic, we will simply manage with a brief list of the elements listed above.

From the fruits of mountain ash, jams, marmalades, marshmallows are prepared. Dry berries are part of therapeutic vitamin preparations, and fresh compote promotes bile secretion. Soaked berries are a good seasoning for game dishes.

A tree with bright berries will decorate your country cottage area and become a source of vitamins. It is quite simple to grow mountain ash from seeds, but with this method of breeding, some features must be taken into account. What to do to get a viable tree and why do your efforts sometimes fail? Try a breeder-developed and proven method to get a strong plant from a small seed.

If everything is done correctly, the rowan from the seeds grows large and beautiful.

How to extract rowan seeds and prepare them for planting

In nature, new trees grow from berries that have fallen into the ground, but the percentage of seedlings is not very high. In order not to waste time in vain and increase the likelihood of obtaining new plants, it is better not to use berries, but carefully selected and prepared seeds:

Berries for sowing must ripen, so they should be harvested in the fall, when they turn bright red and the leaves begin to fall off.
Rowan fruits are carefully kneaded, poured with plenty of cool water, saturated with moisture for an hour and washed. High-quality seeds at the same time sink to the bottom.
Successful propagation of mountain ash by seeds will ensure their stratification. For this, peat, sawdust or any loose substrate is used. Well-washed wet seeds are mixed with it. The mixture is placed in an even layer in an open container, moistened, aged for no more than a month at room temperature. After that, the container is removed until spring in a cool place.

Such preparation increases the germination of grains and accelerates their growth in the spring. Some seeds are not viable, so it is advisable to take their quantity with a margin.

How to grow rowan from seeds

Neutral soil is best suited for planting, although there are no special requirements for acidity. It is important that the landing site is well moistened and adequately lit. In early spring, the seeds, along with the substrate, are planted on a prepared and fertilized bed. It is not necessary to deepen them much, it is enough to cover them with a layer of soil of 5 mm.

The distance between rows is chosen at least 25 cm, and the sowing density is several seeds per 1 centimeter, taking into account low germination. After the emergence of seedlings, excess plants break through. Seedlings grow rapidly and by autumn reach half a meter in height. The growth rate is different for different soils.

Now the strongest plants are selected and transplanted to a permanent place. Rowan is unpretentious and, with a careful transplant, takes root well and takes root.

Mountain ash (Sorbus) is a genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of the Rosaceae family, uniting, according to various sources, from 84 to 100 species. The Latin name comes from the Celtic word "sorb" - bitter, thus hinting at the tart taste of the famous fiery scarlet fruits. The most famous and valuable representative of the genus is the common or red mountain ash, the specific name of which translates as "to lure birds." Enterprising hunters, knowing about the passion of birds for a bitter berry, used it as a bait.

In Russia, mountain ash has a special relationship: poems, fairy tales, songs, proverbs were dedicated to it, and they call the beauty in different regions of the country in their own way - yarembina, hornbeam, mountain ash, gorobina, gerzhenbina, orobina. For a long time, liqueurs, kvass, jams, pie fillings and healing decoctions have been prepared from its ripe berries. And in the old days, numerous magical properties were attributed to mountain ash: it was believed that a tree planted in the front garden would protect the house from witchcraft and dashing people, and a staff made from it would save the traveler on the road. Today, the magical abilities of mountain ash are considered prejudice, but in garden culture, she is still a welcome guest. Well, no wonder! The closest relative of the apple tree and cherry is unusually good-looking, unpretentious in maintenance and perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of the middle lane.

In addition, mountain ash is very plastic and easily propagated by all known methods. So if you have a tree in mind, an exact copy of which you would like to get, then it is not at all necessary to spend money on purchased seedlings. After all, it is much more interesting to grow a slender amulet tree on your own. It's not at all difficult to do this.

Growing from seed

For generative (seed) propagation of mountain ash, collect the ripest large berries at the end of the season, mash them with a fork and fill with clean water. When the pulp emerges, rinse the seeds, sow them in dug up fertile soil to a depth of 5-10 mm and cover the crops with fallen leaves.

If you plan to sow mountain ash in the spring, then the collected material should be carefully prepared:

Dry the washed seeds to a free flowing state.
Spread the seeds on wet gauze or filter paper, place in a container with a hermetically sealed lid and store at a temperature of +12 ... +15 ° С.
In early January, that is, about 4 months before the start of sowing, put the container in the refrigerator, where the material should be stratified until spring at a temperature of 0 ... +1 ° C.

Immediately after the snow melts, the cold-treated seeds are planted in slightly moist soil to a depth of 6–8 cm and the surface of the bed is mulched with humus or sawdust. When the first pair of leaves is formed in the grown seedlings, a pick is carried out, during which a distance of 3-4 cm is left between neighboring plants. The next time, young mountain ash is planted in a phase of 4-5 leaves with a step of 7-10 cm.

In summer, seedlings are regularly watered, fed with weak organic infusions, weeded and loosened the soil of the tree trunk. With the onset of autumn, the trees are transplanted to a special school bed, where they are grown for another 2–3 years. Your mountain ash will bear fruit in the fourth or fifth year. The seed method is very good, but unfortunately, it is applicable only to species representatives of the genus. Valuable varietal mountain ash of hybrid origin is recommended to be propagated vegetatively to preserve maternal characteristics.

cuttings

It is very convenient to grow mountain ash from cuttings, lignified or green. In the first case, the preparation of material and planting work begin in the second half of September:

From the selected rowan tree, one or more annual shoots are taken, growing on two to four-year-old branches.
Cuttings 15–20 cm long are cut from the lower or middle part of the shoot; the top with unripened wood is not suitable for this purpose. The upper cut is made oblique, the lower one is straight, immediately under the eye. Each cutting must have at least 5-6 healthy viable buds.
The cuttings are planted on the bed at an angle of 45 °, leaving only 2 upper buds above the ground, after which they are pressed with soil, watered and mulched the soil surface with dry peat.

For green cuttings of mountain ash during the active growing season, young tops of shoots are cut off from any part of the crown. The further course of action is as follows:

Cuttings 10–15 cm long are cleaned of lower leaves, and 2–3 leaf blades at the crown are shortened by 2/3.
The lower sections of the cuttings are immersed for 6–12 hours in a solution of a root-forming preparation (“Heteroauxin”, “Kornevin”), after which they are rinsed under running water.
The cuttings are planted in a cold greenhouse obliquely with an interval of 3–4 cm. The best substrate for rooting is a mixture of peat and sand (1: 1).
Plantings are sprayed with settled water and each future mountain ash is covered with a transparent cap (a 5-liter plastic bottle with a cut-out bottom is suitable).

With systematic watering and high (95-100%) ambient humidity, green cuttings take root in 3-4 weeks. They are left to spend the winter in a greenhouse, and in the spring of next year they are transplanted to a school garden.

Budding

If you are lucky enough to get a sprig of varietal mountain ash, you can try the method of grafting a bud (eye) on a native root seedling:

Prepare the stock: wipe the stem from dust with a damp cloth, then make a T-shaped cut in the bark on the north side at a height of 5–8 cm from the ground.
Clear the varietal shoot from foliage and cut off a well-developed bud with a fragment of bark and wood (heel) from it. The optimal heel length is 2.5–3 cm, width is 0.3–0.5 cm.
Gently insert the bud with the heel into the incision of the rootstock, crimp the bark with your fingers and wrap the grafting site plastic wrap so that only the kidney remains outside.
After 2–3 weeks, the bandage can be removed, and in March-April next year, cut off the upper part of the rootstock, leaving a spike 5–7 cm high above the bud.

Fruiting in grafted seedlings occurs early - for 3-4 years, however, the budding method has a significant drawback - the branches from which you will take the buds must be cut from the mother tree on the day of vaccination. In extreme cases, the cuttings can be put in the refrigerator for 1-2 days.

Landing in the ground

When choosing a place in the garden, it should be noted that the mountain ash loves the sun and does not tolerate prolonged stagnant moisture. It is desirable that the site from the side of the prevailing winds be protected by buildings or strong mature trees. The best soil for cultivation is light or medium loam, moderately moist and nutritious.

Planting is carried out in the spring (before the awakening of the kidneys) or in the fall (1.5 months before the soil freezes):

Dig a hole in the area with a depth of 0.8 m and a diameter of 1 m for a tall rowan or a depth of 0.5 m and a diameter of 0.8 m for a seedling of a small variety.
fill the hole nutrient soil mixed with humus or peat (2-3 buckets). Add superphosphate (200–300 g) and potassium salt (100–150 g). When planting in acidic soil, the fertile mixture should be diluted with lime (1 kg).
Plant plants with a deep root collar of 4–5 cm.
After planting, pour 2 buckets of water under each tree.
Cut the skeletal shoots of young mountain ash by 1/3 of the length, and shorten the central conductor so that it rises 20–25 cm above the branches.
The final stage of work is mulching the trunk circle with peat or humus.

Note! For better pollination, experts recommend having 2-3 mixed rowan trees in one area. Low-growing trees are planted after 2-3 m, between medium-sized and high trees, a distance of 4-4.5 m should be maintained.

Mountain ash propagates by root shoots, seeds, green cuttings, layering and grafting of cultivars on the stock of wild forest mountain ash. When grafted onto forest rowan, the tree begins to bear fruit in the 3-5th year, and when propagated by layering and root shoots, in the 5-7th year.

Reproduction of mountain ash ordinary seeds.

Seeds are isolated from crushed, ripened fruits.

Seeds are planted in the fall, in September-October (immediately after collecting the seeds) or in the spring, as soon as the soil allows (the collected seeds are placed in wet sand in the fall for the winter and stored until spring in the basement).

Seeds are evenly sown in the soil in the selected area in bulk or in grooves 6-8 cm deep and covered with 1-1.5 cm of coarse-grained washed sand (sand is good drainage, ensuring a uniform supply of moisture to the soil). The surface is leveled with the reverse side of the rake and watered abundantly with a fine strainer. Seeding rate of seeds is 200-250 pieces per square meter.

To obtain good planting material, the seedlings are thinned out for the first time when two true leaves are formed, leaving a distance of 3 cm between them, the second time - in the phase of four to five leaves at a distance of 6 cm. The last thinning is done in the spring of next year with a distance of 10 cm.

Propagation of mountain ash by cuttings.

Propagation by woody cuttings.

For propagation by woody cuttings, well-ripened annual shoots are taken (from 2-4-year-old branches).

Shoots for cuttings are best cut in the fall in the second half of September.

On the same day, the shoots are cut into cuttings 15-20 cm long, with 5-6 buds. The uppermost part of the shoot should not be taken for cuttings. The upper cut on the handle is made oblique, on the kidney, the lower one is under the kidney. Landing is carried out on the day of harvesting cuttings.

In well-prepared soil (dug up, weed-free, leveled), cuttings are planted in rows with a distance of 60-70 cm between them, and in a row of 10-15 cm obliquely at an angle of approximately 45 °. At the top, 2 kidneys are left, and one of them should be at the level of the soil. The earth around the cuttings is tightly compressed so that there are no voids, watered well and mulched with clean peat.

If the planting of the cuttings is transferred to the spring, then it is better to prepare them from autumn to spring in the basement, in wet sand. In spring, cuttings should be planted as early as possible, as soon as the soil allows.

For good and fast rooting of cuttings, the soil in the garden should always be kept moist and loose. This is especially important in the first month after planting. At good care by autumn, a standard seedling suitable for planting can be grown from a cutting.

Reproduction by green cuttings makes it possible to accelerate the production of rowan seedlings, since already one-year-old plants have an excellent fibrous root system and a well-branched aerial part.

Cuttings are cut from the tops of all tree branches in early summer.

The green stalk is cut 10-15 cm long (depending on growth). After cutting, the cuttings are prepared for planting: the lower leaves are removed, leaving 2-3 upper ones. For better and faster rooting, a light longitudinal incision is made above each kidney, and 3-4 such incisions are made in the lower part of the cutting. Before planting, for better rooting, the lower ends of the cuttings are immersed in a growth stimulator solution for 6-12 hours. Then the cuttings, washed in clean water, are planted in pre-prepared cold greenhouses.

Cold greenhouses for green cuttings are prepared in advance. On a dug up clean layer of earth in greenhouses, before planting the cuttings, coarse sifted well-washed sand is poured with a layer of 7-10 cm.

Cuttings, cut and planted in greenhouses before mid-summer, by the end of summer will have a developed root system and they can be transplanted to grow in a separate area.

The cuttings should be planted obliquely almost close to each other at a distance of 3-4 cm. Between the greenhouse film and the cuttings there should be a free space 15-20 cm high. After planting, the cuttings are carefully and plentifully watered from a watering can with a very fine strainer. It is very important that the water does not flow in a continuous stream, but splashes. After watering, the greenhouse is covered with a film.

The main care for the cuttings is regular watering (at first it is important that the air in the greenhouses is warm and humid) and airing the greenhouses when the temperature in them rises above 25 °.

Three to four weeks after planting, the cuttings in greenhouses take root well. Then the film is slightly opened during the day, and when the cuttings have undergone some hardening, the greenhouse is left open for the night. 7-10 days after the rooting of the cuttings, the film is removed altogether.

Three week old cuttings proper care form a good fibrous root system. The survival rate of cuttings in certain varieties of mountain ash reaches 70-100%.

A month after rooting (by the end of summer), the cuttings from the greenhouse are transplanted for growing. As soon as the seedlings take root after transplanting for growing, they are liquidly fertilized with nitrogen mineral fertilizers (30 g ammonium nitrate per bucket of water) or slurry diluted with water 6-8 times.

During the entire period of rearing, loosening of the soil and weeding of weeds are carried out, and in dry weather, the soil is watered abundantly.

The following autumn, rowan seedlings are dug up and planted in a permanent place. Seedlings suitable for planting should have well-developed roots and strong shoots.

Reproduction of mountain ash ordinary root offspring.

Reproduction by root suckers, which grow in large numbers annually near the tree, is the main method of propagation of mountain ash.

The number of root offspring depends on the variety, soil moisture, nutrient content and plant care. By the next spring, the shoots reach normal development and have their own root system. They are separated with secateurs or a shovel and transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of mountain ash by ordinary grafting.

Grafting is the joining of two parts. different plants, as a result of which they grow together and continue to grow already as a single organism.

One component of the graft, called the graft, is part of the stem of the plant to be propagated. It is grafted onto the root system of another plant, called a rootstock. Methods of vegetative connection of plants are called grafting.

For successful grafting, it is extremely important to correctly connect the various tissues of the scion and rootstock so that they grow together as quickly as possible and last as long as possible in this form in the future. Under the bark of the stem is an actively growing layer of cambium. It is important to arrange the scion and rootstock in such a way that their cambial layers overlap or have as much contact as possible.

The success of the grafting also depends on how quickly and cleanly the cuts are made - the cut surfaces must be connected with a minimum of delay.

The result of vaccination is largely determined by the creation of the necessary conditions for the growth and development of tissues, and hence for the healing of the junction. In practice, this means the need to reduce water loss and provide warmth to the grafted parts, which is achieved by carefully covering them until they grow together.

The grafting site is tied with a transparent polyethylene tape 1-1.5 cm wide. Its use makes it possible to securely cover the junctions of the grafting parts, as a result of which water loss is reduced to a minimum.

After the grafted parts have grown together, the further development of the new plant will depend on the prevention of its competitive relations with the rootstock. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately remove the shoots formed on the rootstock.

Theoretically, vaccination can be done almost all year round, best time That's what spring is for.

Rowan ordinary is often propagated by grafting into a split.

In the middle of winter (in a mild climate, cuttings are harvested from a tree from the growth of the past year. They are tied in bunches and stored in an upright position, dug 15 cm in the ground or sand, so that the cuttings will not dry out, and staying in the cold will delay their development .

At the beginning of spring, a plant is selected for a stock - a one-year-old seedling, or a part of the root of a plant with powerful growth is separated. The rootstock is dug up and the earth is washed from it.

Any species of this breed can be used as rootstocks for cultivated varieties of mountain ash in the country, since there is no grafting incompatibility of tissues among the species of this genus. Due to its high winter hardiness, early maturity, annual stable yield, immunity and ecological adaptability, rowanberry is a valuable stock in all areas of fruit growing.

The grafting is carried out in the top of the root ("root neck") or in the bole of the seedling (hypocotyl). With a sharp knife, the rootstock is cut horizontally. Then, in the middle of this cut, a vertical cut (or split) is made about 3 cm deep.

Scion cuttings are dug. Select one with well-developed healthy buds and the same diameter as the rootstock. An oblique cut is made with a sharp knife above the upper kidney of the cutting, and a horizontal cut is made about 15 cm below. A wedge is formed from the lower end of the handle with two oblique cuts about 4 cm long: one of them starts near the kidney, the other from the opposite side.

The graft is carefully, but with some effort, inserted into the split on the rootstock. Part of the cut of the scion remains outside. This kind of "window" will contribute to the development of callus.

The junction of the stock and scion is tightly tied with a transparent plastic tape. The top of the scion is coated with garden pitch to reduce evaporation.

Grafted plants are dug in a box with a mixture of sand and peat so that the junction is just above the surface of the substrate. The box is placed in a cold greenhouse, a closed chamber or on a rack in a greenhouse. The higher the temperature, the faster the parts of the graft will grow together. But you also need to be careful not to dry them out.

When the components of the graft grow together, callus formation will begin on the exposed parts of the sections. This can be observed in the "window" directly above the rootstock cut. The callus formed here increases the strength of the joint.

When the graft grows well enough, the plastic tape is cut and removed. The grafted mountain ash is planted in open ground. The shoots formed on the rootstock are cut out.

Reproduction of rowan ordinary layering.

For reproduction by horizontal and arcuate layering, well-developed annual shoots are bent to the ground at young tree or bend down shoots of root growth. Layering is best done in early spring, as soon as the soil allows. The soil in the place intended for layering must be well dug up and leveled in advance.

After that, shallow grooves are made in the soil from the base of the tree, into which young shoots are bent and pinned. The tops of the latter are slightly pinched. When 10-12 cm young green shoots develop from the buds of the allotted branches, they are sprinkled up to half the height with moist fertile soil or humus. After 15-20 days, when the shoots grow another 10-15 cm, the powder is repeated.

Rooted cuttings can be separated from the tree and transplanted to a permanent place either in autumn or next spring. It is preferable to separate the layering next spring.