Rafter system gable roof without puffs. Gable roofs: types and stages of creation

Housing construction today is so diverse that sometimes the structures being built take on a completely bizarre fantastic look. In particular, architects like to experiment with a roof that is made transparent, and in the form of tree foliage or a flower, and a skateboard area - in general, their imagination is completely limitless. But we are somehow closer to simpler options, for example, a gable roof. We will talk about what it is and what the gable roof truss system consists of in this article.

It is this type of construction that is most popular in the construction of residential buildings, since with its help a sufficient attic space is created that does not require additional insulation. In addition, a gable roof is not as difficult to install as, for example, a four-slope one, and also does not require huge investments for its installation.

A gable roof is a structure consisting of two rectangular planes connected in the upper part with each other, and in the lower parts with the walls of the house. The end part of such a building is usually built from the same materials as the walls of the building, sometimes the entrance to the attic is also built here.

Recently, it has become very popular to build an additional room in the attic space, often used as a summer guest room. The installation of a gable roof truss system and the subsequent insulation of the resulting room allow you to create a full-fledged room in which you can live both in summer and in winter.

All the advantages of gable structures

The main components of a rafter roof are the Mauerlat and rafter legs, in addition, various struts, racks, crossbars, stops and battens help to make the structure durable and reliable. The gable roof drawing also includes a layer of insulation, vapor barrier, waterproofing and the roof itself. Thanks to all these elements, a gable roof has several advantages:

simplicity of technical execution;
low probability of leaks, as the design is one-piece;
high profitability, because a relatively small amount of materials is spent on its construction;
the possibility of arranging a full-fledged residential area in the attic;
ease of repair in case of defects;
high strength and wear resistance.

The angle of inclination is an important component of a solid roof

The value of the angle of inclination is determined depending on the weather conditions of the region of residence, on the characteristics of building materials and on architectural requirements.

For example, in areas where heavy rainfall is normal, the roof is always made at a high angle. This is necessary so that snow masses accumulate on its surface as little as possible, which can lead to the collapse of the building. In regions with the strongest winds, sloping roofs are most often built, since the wind pressure on such structures is significantly reduced.

In whatever climate zone the dwelling is located, the gable roof truss system cannot be built at an angle of less than 5 degrees!

Recommendations for calculating the area of \u200b\u200ba gable roof

Roof area calculation - picture

Calculating is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance, but this painstaking process requires perseverance - all data must be double-checked at least three times. Agree, no one wants to spend money on building materials that are completely unnecessary to him.

In some cases, the measurement of the roof area can be complicated by some "obstacles", for example, the presence of an attic or an unusual shape of the roof - here it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without the help of a specialist. We will consider the calculation of the area on the classic version of the roof with two slopes:

First, we determine the length of each slope, it is equal to the distance between the lower edge of the ridge and the extreme point of the eaves;
We take into account all elements of the roof: parapets, overhangs, firewall walls and other structures that create additional volume;
We determine the type of roofing material for which we will calculate the area;

It should be borne in mind that in the case when the roof is covered with a rolled or tiled type of material, the length of each slope will become less by about 0.7 m.

Elements such as ventilation shafts, windows and chimneys are not taken into account;
When, taking into account all the details, the area of \u200b\u200beach slope is calculated, we calculate the slopes: we multiply the elements of the slopes by the cosine of the angle of inclination of the roof, and we calculate the area only by overhangs.

For the greatest convenience of calculation and obtaining correct data, it is best to calculate the area of \u200b\u200beach element separately, and then add the resulting numbers.

The roof area has been calculated, the roof has been decided - it remains only to understand in detail all the structural elements, such as rafters, Mauerlat, side / ridge runs, struts and braces, as well as diagonal connections, after which you can proceed to the calculation of a specific type of truss system.

Hanging and layered rafters

Of course, such a structure as a do-it-yourself gable roof truss system in the minds of many seems to be something very complex and time-consuming. But if you carefully consider the construction of such a structure and study in advance necessary material- the question will remain only in the "number of hands" that you will need for the construction process.

Let's start with such a component of the roof as hanging rafters. These bars have only two points of support - the walls, so the main loads acting on them are bending and compression. The weight of the roof, as well as the action of snow and wind, is transferred to the walls through the hanging rafters so that this pressure is compensated, the rafters are connected with a puff made of metal or wood. You can place it at any height, but the higher it is, the stronger and stronger it should be.

Laminated rafters are bars that have an intermediate support resting on inner wall at home. The main effect on such a structure is bending. The supporting structure of the roof is made only of layered supports, when the distance between them is not more than 6.5 m.

The same roof can consist of layered and hanging rafters at the same time: where there is an intermediate support, layered rafters are erected, and where not, hanging ones.

Mauerlat and runs

The lower part of the rafters in houses built of timber rests on the upper crown, and in buildings made of brick or foam concrete, on a special timber called Mauerlat. For its installation, a waterproofing material is placed on the inside of the load-bearing wall, on which the Mauerlat lies. The length of the beam can be equal to the length of the wall of the building, or it can be adjusted to the size of each rafter leg - this is even more economical.

Ridge run - a bar to which the upper parts of the rafters are fixed. That is, it is the ridge of the roof. Its length depends on the length of the roof, so both a solid array and several logs are used for its construction.

Side runs are needed for additional support of the rafters, their emphasis is also placed on the gables of the building. The ends of such purlins are sometimes released outside the gables, thus, unloading consoles are obtained, as a result, the pressure of the roof on the central part of the purlin is significantly reduced.

If the roof of a building is built from heavy materials, such as natural tiles, then the side girders are made in the form of a rocker, for this the logs are slightly hemmed and bent.

A little more about the important elements of the roof

Diagonal overlap - picture

Additional diagonal ceilings are called braces, with the help of which the gable roof truss system is strengthened, and the gables' wind resistance characteristics are increased. The upper part of the braces rests against the gables, and the lower part rests against the central ceiling.

Struts are necessary to reduce the load on the rafter legs, their installation at an angle of 45 degrees and above can significantly reduce wind loads and snow mass pressure on the roof, therefore, in the northern regions of the country, such roof elements are simply irreplaceable.

If the roof consists of slopes of different areas, then their angle of inclination will not be equal. Therefore, for the greatest strength of such a structure, vertical racks are erected at the “fracture” points, on which the side runs are supported. Most often, such structures are built for attic rooms.

In areas characterized by constant strong winds, truss systems are necessarily reinforced with diagonal ties, which are boards with a thickness of 25 to 50 mm. The lower edge of the board is fixed to the heel of the rafter leg, and the upper edge to the middle of the opposite rafters.

Correct calculation of materials for the gable roof truss system

Do not be afraid to independently make all the necessary calculations, because the dimensions of a gable roof, especially if it has the shape of an isosceles triangle, anyone can calculate without deep mathematical knowledge.

So, let's consider the calculation of the gable roof truss system using a specific example. The house for which it is required to build a similar structure has a width (W ir) of 4 m, a length of 6 m, and the angle of inclination of the rafters (Y) should be 120 degrees. The roof will be built of metal tiles, the distance between the rafters is planned to be 1 meter.

First, we find the height of the central support (C):

C \u003d 0.5? W ir / tgY / 2 \u003d 0.5? 4 / 1.73 \u003d 1.2 m

The length of the rafter leg (Ds) is calculated by the following formula:

Ds \u003d 0.5? W ir / sinY / 2 + 0.5 \u003d 2.8 m

0.5 in this formula is an allowance for the roof visor, it must be taken into account without fail!

Roof area (Pk) \u003d D? Ds? 2 \u003d 33.6 m 2

It turns out that exactly this number of sheets of metal tiles you will need for the roof.

The distance between each lath of the crate (Rp) is conditionally taken as 35 cm, which means:

Lathing length = Ds / Rp? D? 2 \u003d 96 linear meters

With a house length of 6m and a distance between the rafters of 1m, we need 7 rafter legs, which means that the amount of timber for them and for the Mauerlat is no less than:

Beam length \u003d (2? Ds + W ir + C) \u003d 75.5 p.m.

The required amount of other materials is calculated in the same way. When all the calculations have been made and the required amount of building materials has been purchased, we proceed to the direct construction of a gable roof.

We build a gable roof with our own hands

So, now we have come close to such a moment as installing a gable roof truss system. This process begins with the construction of beam ceilings.

There are only two mounting options:

If the attic space is not planned to be used as housing, then boards of size 50? 150 mm.
To equip the attic, you will already need a beam with dimensions of 150? 150 mm, and each of them fits exactly on the load-bearing walls of the building. This is the only way to create a truly reliable and durable attic structure, only the cost of its construction will be an order of magnitude more expensive than the construction of an ordinary attic. But the living area of the house will increase significantly - decide what is more important for you and think through everything to the smallest detail.

Floor beams are laid across the entire width of the building, leaving 500-600 mm per ledge from the bearing walls - this will protect the wall from water flowing from the roof slopes. Along the entire perimeter of the house, a board is laid on the beams, which will become the basis for the racks of the walls of the second floor - the attic.

For the construction of all roof elements, the following fastening materials are used:

screws,
nails,
self-tapping screws,
dowel,
wire,
metal corners.

Once the racks are installed, you can start arranging the rafters.

Such a do-it-yourself gable roof truss system is the simplest in technical execution. Why? Firstly, because it is not necessary to calculate the device of the rafters depending on the material and location of the insulation.

And secondly, we don’t need the dimensions of the section either.

The easiest way is to "tame" a gable roof of a regular triangular shape, because all its components will have identical dimensions.

In addition, this system has several other undeniable advantages:

the cross section of rafters and beams has a high margin for bearing capacity;
this form is very reliable, since the load on the structure is distributed evenly, and the risk of deformation of the rafter legs disappears;
the triangular truss system is an independent structure, therefore, in case of malfunctions in other elements of the building, it remains intact;
the beam, laid with a small protrusion, also serves as a frame for the entire weight of the roof - and this is an additional reliability of the entire building as a whole.

Attic truss system

It will only be about a single-level attic, since it is quite possible to build it with your own hands. It is recommended to entrust the construction of more complex structures to experienced specialists, since it is easy to make mistakes in the calculations without their help, and the result will be disastrous.

A board is placed on the beam, from which the lower part is sawn off - this is done so that there are no gaps between the beams and the rafters.

On the board (100 mm) you need to lay a beam, draw a line at the place of their joining. Then, along this line, the board must be sawn, as a result of which a beveled board should be obtained, which will fit snugly against all floor beams.

Again, we cut along this line, and so on. Performing these steps will ensure that the upper part of the truss system is firmly and accurately fixed, which can be installed. Using the overlay, fasten each row of rafters at the top (on the ridge), and finally fasten the resulting strapping with a special crossbar, which will act as an overlap for the ceiling.

The rigidity of the constructed structure directly depends on how firmly the rafters are fixed to each other. It is best to use special metal lining - so you can achieve the greatest strength of the roof.

When all rows of rafters are fixed, you can begin to check the correctness of creating gables - they must be located strictly at a right angle. Here a construction plumb line is useful - an indispensable thing for such situations.

When the correctness of the design is not in doubt, you can begin to fix all the parts together, this will help soft wire, nails or staples.

Now you need to stretch the twine along the top of the gables, so it will be more convenient to install the middle rafters at the same level.

To exclude the possibility of sagging of the rafter system, it is necessary to strengthen the middle rafters with special struts.

The installation of struts usually does not cause any difficulties: their lower part is fixed to the attic rack, and the upper part to the middle of the rafter leg, where you need to cut a groove of the required depth. To fix the structure, you need to choose nails from 200 mm.

That's all - do-it-yourself gable roof truss system is ready! It remains only to build a crate and cover the roof with a roof, but these are completely different technologies, which will be discussed in the next article.

The roof of the house is one of the main components of the house. It is the upper structure of the building, without which it is difficult to imagine a comfortable stay. The main functions of the roof are protection from snow, rain and other precipitation, as well as keeping warm in the cold season and protecting against overheating in the summer months. In our years, there is a wide variety of roofs for every taste and budget. However, the most common and popular at any time are gable roofs, which are versatile, inexpensive and easy to install. We will talk about how to properly make a gable roof with our own hands in today's article.

The design of a gable roof is the most common in private construction. As the name of this type of roof implies, it is made in the form of two slopes or, more simply, in the form of a triangle. Such roofs are easy and quick to install, they are quite durable and their appearance finds many admirers, as it combines the appearance of a Russian hut and a modern building. With the necessary knowledge, you can do it yourself using the available tools.

The device of the truss system of a gable roof

The rafter system of a modern gable roof consists of many elements, each of which evenly redistributes the weight of the structure and correctly transfers it to the walls of the house. The figure below shows the construction of a gable roof of a house with its main nodes and elements of the truss system.

Let's analyze each of the elements shown in the diagram separately:

The rafter leg is the main part in the design of the gable roof truss system, which is an inclined element laid through the entire roof. To create it, the most durable bars are selected, since the rafter leg, in addition to the weight of the roofing material and the batten, can bear the weight of precipitation in the form of snow;
Mauerlat - the so-called "foundation" of the roof, which is the main support for the entire structure, which distributes the load on the walls. It is a bar or a thick board on which the rafter legs rest and which is a “gasket” between the wall and the roof;
Puff (screed) - a spacer that lies at the base of the triangle, reinforcing strength. The puff performs a dual function, since the ceiling is mounted to its lower part;
Runs - ridge ones are attached in the upper part, side ones in the center of the rafter legs. The task of the runs is to keep the rafter legs from falling and "folding";
Rack - located in the central zone, directly under the ridge. Serves as a support, transfers the load to the tightening;
Lying - an additional element on which the rack rests;
Sheathing - boards that are mounted across the rafters. The crate is designed to lay roofing material on it (in the simplest case) and to provide additional rigidity to the entire truss system.

This roof scheme is universal for many buildings, but depending on the complexity of the structure, special elements can be added here to give stability and rigidity to the entire truss system.

The slope of the gable roof

Choosing an acceptable roof angle is a significant task, but for many builders it fades into the background, which is not true. The so-called gable structures with straight slopes are considered standard. The optimal angle of inclination of a gable roof is on average 30 ° -45 ° (the angle at the base of an isosceles triangle is taken as the basis).

The choice of the angle of inclination will determine how well the upper part of the house will withstand the following factors:

snow pressure;

the weight of an individual object on the roof, such as a person.

The first two points must be taken into account with particular care, since a miscalculation in the choice of roof slope can cost large financial and health losses in the event of a collapse.

Example: the larger the angle, the lower the load on the roof from precipitation, but the threat of wind damage increases due to the windage created (the roof can simply be blown off). The noise effect will also increase if metal is chosen as the roofing material.

Roll materials: the number of layers is pre-calculated. The more of them, the lower you can make the roof. Double flooring - from 10-15°;
Type-setting elements: these include tiles (including soft ones) and slate. The angle of inclination of the rafters is set from 20 °;
Metal tile: adhere to a slope of 14 °;
Decking: its sheets should be placed at an angle of 12 °;
Ondulin: it is allowed to adhere to an indicator of 6 °.

Thus, when designing a roof and choosing the angle of inclination, it is important to know in advance what kind of roofing material you will cover it with. As you can see, the minimum angle of inclination of a gable roof can be 6 °.

Types of truss systems for gable roofs

Most truss systems for gable roofs are divided into two main types - hanging and layered. The first type is the most common. Let's take a closer look at both types.

Hanging rafter gable roof system

This type of roof structures is used exclusively when the walls of the house are at a distance of up to 10 m from each other and there are no supporting floors between them. Rafters (legs) are joined only with the side parts of the house in the form of a Mauerlat. The downside of a gable roof with hanging rafters is the possibility of damage due to bursting load, since stretch marks are not provided between the rafters in this case.

Sloping roof truss system

The difference between layered structures is the presence of an additional support in the form of a wall or other support. The layered truss system is installed with supports that are attached to the intermediate walls. This design allows you to close large spans without compromising the rigidity of the entire truss system.

Separately, it is worth talking about several more types of gable roofs. By design, a gable roof can be made in the following versions:

symmetrical gable roof;
asymmetric gable roof;
double pitched roof.

The differences between these designs are clear from the name. Depending on the project of your house and on design solutions the roof can be asymmetric, that is, have different angles of inclination at the base. Such a roof is a little more difficult to install than a conventional symmetrical roof, which has an isosceles triangle at its base, but it will not be difficult for an experienced craftsman to build such a structure.

A gable sloping roof is also very common. The rafters of such a roof seem to be slightly broken off at the base. Such roofs practically do not retain precipitation and allow you to win in the attic space for.

Often, novice builders, before designing and calculating the purchase of material, have questions about how to find out the length of the gable roof rafters. To do this, it is important at the design stage to know what the width of the building will be in order to select standard-sized rafters so that they do not have to be spliced, sacrificing their bearing capacity. Along with this, you must not forget about the angle of the roof. All of these factors will eventually affect the length calculation.

So, to calculate the length of the rafters of such a roof, you need to divide the triangle formed by the rafter system into two right-angled triangles. Further, knowing the width of the building and the angle of the roof, you can determine the height of the gable roof ridge. Knowing the two legs of a right triangle and using the Pythagorean theorem, we can calculate the hypotenuse of each right triangle, which is the required length of our roof rafters.

As a result, to determine the final length, another 30-50 cm must be added to the obtained value to ensure roof overhangs.

All calculations made to determine the height of the ridge (it is also the height of the pediment) and the length of the rafters are clearly shown in the image:

From the foregoing, we can conclude that a gable roof is the cheapest and most versatile type of roof for a private house. There are examples when, with the help of improvised means, people erected a gable roof on their own alone. But still, we advise you to use the help of specialists in such matters, because a well-made roof over your head is comfort and coziness in the house.

Designing the construction of a gable roof of a house

The first and fundamental stage in the construction of a gable roof is its design. We have already said that the load perceived by the roof will depend on the choice of the angle of inclination of the roof, and, as a result, the choice of roofing material that can withstand precipitation and loads from these precipitations and winds.

On the this stage drawings of the structure of the future roof are created and all necessary calculations are carried out. This is necessary, first of all, in order to have an idea about the general appearance of the roof and its dimensions, as well as to take into account all the expected maximum loads.

After designing, you will have the entire package of documents in your hands, which will indicate all the dimensions of the future roof, its area for the purchase of roofing materials, and the full range of lumber used in the construction. The presence of a list with the nomenclature of lumber will allow you not to spend extra money on its purchase, since lumber is the main expense item during the construction of the roof.

After all are done design work, go directly to construction work. Do-it-yourself work saves half the budget that could go to pay the builders. At the same time, it is important to remember that all norms and rules are observed so that the end result meets expectations.

Construction of a gable roof step by step

Mounting the Mauerlat of a gable roof

Mauerlat takes over the entire load from the roof and transfers it to the walls, therefore, a fairly thick and strong beam is chosen as a Mauerlat. The thickness is chosen based on the thickness of the wall on which it rests. As a rule, the thickness of the Mauerlat beam tends to be chosen equal to or close to the thickness of the wall.

It is necessary to lay the Mauerlat flush with the outer part of the wall, firmly connecting them together. To connect the Mauerlat with the wall, anchor bolts or wire are laid (poured into the armored belt) even at the stage of wall construction. If wire is used as a fastener, then after laying the timber, it is tightly tied around with this wire and remains firmly fixed in this form. In the event that anchor bolts were immured into the wall, through holes are pre-drilled in the Mauerlat, with which the beam is mounted on the bolts and tightened from above with nuts with wide washers.

It is also important not to forget to lay a layer of waterproofing material in the form of a gasket between the wall and the Mauerlat. As a waterproofing, as a rule, roofing felt or similar materials are used. More information about fixing the Mauerat is described in this video

After the base has been prepared, they begin to assemble the gable roof truss system. Installation of rafters can be done in several ways: install rafters immediately on the roof or perform some structural elements on the ground, and then lift them to the installation site using special equipment. Correctly setting the rafters on a gable roof with your own hands without the help of a partner is quite problematic, so it’s better to use help so as not to make a mistake and nullify all efforts.

To make it easier to fasten the bars, it is worth marking the attachment points on each wall and connecting the opposite walls with beams (beds), on which racks will be installed to support the rafters. A ridge beam is installed on the racks, which is a guide for installing the rafter system. In order to connect the rafters as accurately as possible, so that the entire skeleton of the rafters is the same, use templates. So you can avoid failures and distortions in the roof.

After installing the ridge beam, they proceed to the most critical part - the installation of rafters (already fastened together or separately). It is important to constantly monitor the level and evenness of the installation. The rafters are fastened together, as a rule, on nails or with the help of iron staples. Common schemes for placing rafters on a gable roof and attaching them to each other are shown in the figure below.

After completing the roof frame, it is required to install auxiliary fasteners to improve the rigidity of the roof. To do this, install struts and medium skates.

We invite you to watch a video that clearly shows the installation of rafters with your own hands for a gable roof.

The lathing of a gable roof in the simplest case is the installation of transverse boards on rafters for laying roofing material on it. But, as a rule, modern roofing is a more complex cake of various layers.

After installing the crate, the roof is covered with a layer of waterproofing, the layers of which are mounted overlapping each other, and the joints are fastened with adhesive tape.

The next step is to fix the counter-lattice - strips fixed at an angle of 90 degrees to the main crate. This is necessary to provide a ventilated gap in the roof pie to get rid of moisture.

At the final stage of the installation of a gable roof, the roofing is laid, the choice of which, as mentioned at the beginning of the article, depends on several factors, including the financial component

External work on the installation of the roof ends with the arrangement of gables, if they are not part of the walls. After that, they move on to interior finishing work and, if necessary. We will talk in detail about roof insulation in the following articles.

It is worth noting that building a gable roof with your own hands is not so difficult, the main thing is to make the calculations correctly and follow the instructions step by step so as not to miss important points during installation.

A brief video instruction on the installation of a gable roof is presented in the video:

The gable roof structure is very convenient both in installation and in its operation. Such a design can serve not only as a reliable covering for the house, but also become an additional room, if you choose the correct internal structure and the optimal angle of the slopes. A do-it-yourself gable roof of a house can be installed if you have skills in working with wood and basic concepts of engineering design schemes, as well as if there are assistants who are ready to take part in this rather laborious process.

There are several types of gable roof designs, and before deciding and choosing the right one, you need to think about what will be located under the roof - just an attic or living space.

Do-it-yourself gable roof of a house - design options

Gable roofs can have a hanging or sloping structure. They differ from each other in the arrangement of retaining and fastening elements.

Video: the main elements of the roof truss system

Hanging truss roof structure

If there are no capital partitions in the house, and the truss system will rely only on the side walls, then a lighter hanging roof structure is used. It can be used if the distance between the walls is from 6 to 14 m. One way or another, hanging rafters give a sufficiently large load on the side main walls, therefore, in order to reduce it, various horizontal or diagonal connecting elements are used. They fasten the rafters together and have various titles: struts, puffs, headstock or crossbar.

The supporting elements of the system can be fixed to the rafters or the ridge beam anywhere in the system. For example, puffs installed at the bottom of the rafters can be used as building floor beams.

It should be noted that for rafters and puffs, you need to choose thick enough blanks, especially if there is a living space in the attic. Boards for rafters are selected approximately 55 × 200 mm in size, but only a specialist can accurately calculate the system and the cross section of all its elements.

Installation of the truss hanging system is carried out sequentially:

A waterproofing material is laid on the bearing opposite walls of the building - usually it is roofing material in several layers.
From above it is fixed with Mauerlat anchors. This is a powerful bar on which the rafters will rest and be fixed. A tightening bar is laid on it, which will also be a floor beam. Usually, the size for the Mauerlat is chosen as a bar with a section of 120 × 120 or 150 × 150 mm.
Further, at a distance of 500 ÷ 600 cm from each other, butt to the Mauerlat, on the load-bearing wall, attic floor beams are laid.
For the convenience and safety of further work, a boardwalk is laid on the floor beams. It will turn out an excellent platform on which it will be possible to fasten the rafters together.
Rafters can be fastened in two ways. In the first of these, the corners of these elements are cut at a selected angle and fastened with wooden overlays or fastening plates.
In the second case, half-tree grooves are cut at the ends of the rafters, which are superimposed on each other and fastened with a bolt. For rigidity, parts can be fastened with a crossbar. Sometimes the grooves are not cut, and the rafters are simply fastened together, also with bolts - this method is called overlap fastening.

When the first two rafters are fastened, they must be carefully set on the Mauerlat, since the evenness of the exposure and fixing of all other rafters will depend on this.
In order for the first and subsequent pairs to be installed correctly, a groove is cut out in them, which will allow the rafters to fit tightly on the Mauerlat.

In addition to the groove connection, for the rigidity of the installation of the rafters, they use metal corners, with which they are fixed to the Mauerlat using self-tapping screws.
After installing the first pair of opposing rafters, the second set the same "bundle" on the other side of the building.
From one pair to another, a cord is pulled on top - it will become the level by which it will be possible to equalize the rest of the rafter pairs.

In order for the article about the gable roof to remain a multiple step by step instructions we moved the step-by-step information on attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat into a separate step-by-step technology -.

1. Sheathing the system from the inside - it can be plywood, boards or moisture-resistant drywall. This layer will be fixed last.

2. A layer of vapor barrier film.

3. Rafter.

4. Insulation - usually one of the types of mineral wool in mats is used for this layer.

5. Waterproofing film.

6. Counter rails.

7. Slate (or other roofing)

A waterproofing material is laid on the rafters - this may be one of the modern composite membranes, of which a large number are produced today, and may be and regular polyethylene film high density.

It is stretched over the surface of the roof, overlapped by 200 ÷ 250 mm, and fixed with brackets using a stapler to the rafters.

On top of the waterproofing, a counter rail is stuffed on each rafter, having a thickness of 30 ÷ 50 mm. It will create a separating ventilation space between the waterproofing and the roofing material.

Further, crate is stuffed perpendicular to the counter-rails. The distance between its adjacent guides is calculated depending on the length of the sheets of material that will cover the roof.

Before you start laying the roofing material, holders in the form of hooks or a cornice strip are fixed to the bottom rail of the crate.

Then you can proceed to the flooring of the roofing material. They begin to lay it from the eaves, that is, from below, row after row, rising to the ridge. Roof sheets are overlapped from left to right on one wave and fixed to the crate with special self-tapping screws with an elastic nozzle, which will cover the holes formed from moisture penetration.

After the fixing of the roofing material is completed, the ridge roofing element is immediately installed and screwed. For each roofing material, its own version of the ridge coating is made.

After the roofing is laid, and the attic is no longer threatened by precipitation, you can proceed to the finishing work from the inside of the room.

Insulation is laid between the rafters, starting from the floor of the attic and gradually rising to the ridge. If the attic is residential, then the insulation is fixed in two or even three layers. To do this, a crate of bars is stuffed onto the rafters at a distance of the width or length of the insulation mats.

Laying insulation mats from the inner surface of the slopes
Further, the insulation is tightened with a vapor barrier film, which must be fixed with brackets on the crate.

Then the entire inner area of the roof of the attic is covered with a finishing material.

Gable roof insulation

The gable roof in the order of insulation resembles an attic.

If you are sure that the entire roof will be covered in one day and the rain will not wet it, you can proceed in reverse.

Working order "bottom-up"
A vapor barrier is stretched from inside the attic and fixed finishing material and the rest of the work is done outside.

It fits between the rafters, in the figure it is shown under No. 2 .

Further, a windproof, waterproofing material (3) is laid on top of the insulation. It is fixed with a counter rail (4).

Then the crate is stuffed (5).

This is followed by the laying of the roof covering (6).

Video: installation of an insulated roofing "pie"

Prices for popular types of heaters

insulation

If a soft roof is used to cover the roof, then the “pie” design will look a little different.

Sheets of plywood are fixed to the rafters according to the scheme shown in the figure. This method of fastening is designed for compensatory expansion of the material under the influence of temperature changes.

Then, a layer is laid on top of the plywood. For this version of the roof, overlapping roofing material is well suited. The canvases are laid from the bottom of the roof and nailed to the plywood along their upper side, and the joints between them (at least 100 mm wide) are smeared with mastic.

Laying a soft roof - flexible tiles
After the mastic dries, a soft roof is laid from the bottom of the roof slopes according to the pre-made markings. The material is overlapped and nailed with special nails. Each row begins to be laid on one side of the roof, for example, from left to right.

Having finished on both slopes of the roof, you need to carefully close the gap on the ridge.

Making a gable roof gable

Any roof will not look completeif the pediment of the building is not decorated. If the house is made of stone and has thick enough walls, then the pediment can also be built of brick or foam blocks. Very often, this part of the roof, if it is made of the materials mentioned, is erected even before the installation of the truss system and the installation of the roof.

A wooden house, on the other hand, requires a light gable finish, and it is most often done after the installation of the roof structure and roofing is completed.

If there is no necessary crate on the gable part, it must be mounted. The proposed diagram clearly shows the proportions of the device of such a crate, if the sheathing boards are installed vertically. With horizontal sheathing, the crate is fixed vertically. In the case when it is planned to install a window or door in the front part, this must be taken into account in the frame system of the crate - the necessary openings are left, which are framed with a bar.

Sheathing can be made with clapboard made of wood or plastic. If sheathed pediment of the attic, in which there will be a dwelling, it, like the roof slopes, will need to be thoroughly insulated.

When installing several layers of insulation, it will be necessary to mount another crate from inside the gable wall, between the bars of which the insulation will be laid, and fixed on the bars themselves interior decoration premises.

If selected plastic material for the external design of the pediment, it is best to install it on plywood, which is fixed to the crate with self-tapping screws. Since plastic has a high thermal conductivity, it can only be used as decorative material- He will not be able to cope with the task of thermal insulation.

We must not forget about the layer of windproof and waterproofing film. It is fixed to the crate before sheathing it with wooden or plastic clapboard.

The insulation, as well as on the slopes, inside the attic is tightened with a vapor barrier, and only the interior decoration is installed on it. All joints between the roof and the gable part must be well sealed. This can help polyurethane foam, tow or mineral wool, which is compacted to the limit in the slot. From above, the cracks for decoration must be sealed with putty on wood.

Video: pediment sheathing option

The construction of a roof is a rather complicated, time-consuming and even dangerous task, so it must be carried out by specialists who know the installation technology and safety rules when performing work. If the owner of the house under construction does not have this knowledge and experience, then it would be better to turn to professionals.

The construction of the roof is one of the most important stages in the construction of a house. The simplest designs include gable roofs with straight slopes. If it is decided that a gable roof will be built with your own hands, then you need to carefully read the step-by-step instructions and video. The functional parameters of the roof also depend on proper insulation, characteristics and quality of installation of the finishing coating.

Preparatory stage

To determine the configuration and size of the roof, it is necessary to take into account the snow and wind load in the existing climatic conditions - the smaller the angle of inclination, the better the design resists loads. But a small angle of inclination (40 degrees or less) does not allow full use of the attic space.

The shape and design of the roof are developed in accordance with the design plan of the house: the key points of support of the roof truss system must coincide with the lines and points of location of the supporting structures of the underlying floor. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the width of the house, the presence of a longitudinal load-bearing wall in the center. If the attic is not planned to be used as an additional usable area for permanent or seasonal residence, a reliable roof with layered rafters can be made. In this case, the rafters are attached to the ridge run, which is supported by racks resting on an internal load-bearing wall.

Hanging rafters are the most practical and economical option for light structures. In this case, the rafter legs are connected in pairs with crossbars - horizontal lintels, which provide the necessary rigidity of the structure. The hanging rafter system rests on the side walls of the structure.

If the width of the house exceeds 6 meters, in addition to the crossbars, which act as the basis for the ceiling, runs and racks are installed. The run is a horizontal bar that acts as an additional support for the rafters that form the roof slope. Installation of the run requires the use of racks. Racks, in turn, rely on beds - a special beam laid along the slope. Beds and racks perform the function of the frame of the walls of the attic room. Such a layered design allows you to make an attic or a spacious attic for household needs with your own hands.

If the construction of a simple and reliable roof is required, a gable construction with an angle of inclination of 45-50 ° is optimal. Such a truss system is suitable for installation on residential buildings and buildings. for various purposes. When calculating materials, it must be taken into account that the truss system must be light enough to avoid excessive load on the foundation, but at the same time strong. The cross section of lumber should be selected based on the dimensions of the truss structure.

Mauerlat installation

Consider step by step how to build a do-it-yourself roof with layered rafters and an attic. At the first stage, the installation of the upper strapping - the Mauerlat - is carried out on the longitudinal walls of the house. The strapping takes on the pressure of the entire roofing system and evenly transfers it to building structures - walls and foundations.

Mauerlat is made of timber (section from 50 × 150 to 150 × 150 mm), treated with special protective equipment to protect against decay and fire.

Mauerlat can be done in various ways:

in brickwork a rolled wire is embedded, through which the beam is fixed on the wall (the wire is threaded through specially made holes and twisted tightly);
long metal studs with a diameter of 12 mm or more are embedded in the masonry;
in the upper part of the wall there is a monolithic concrete beam with embedded steel studs.

Studs should be located with a step of no more than 120 mm. The height of the protruding end of the fastener should be 20-30 mm higher than the total thickness of the waterproofing and the beam, in which holes should be made in advance. The beam is put on the studs and tightly attracted by nuts with wide washers.

The construction of the truss system

The truss system, which you can do with your own hands, consists of a number of elements combined into a single whole. The A-shaped truss truss is a rigid structure that works "for expansion". If the roof is being built on a timber house, the opposite walls should be reinforced with 100 × 150 mm timber couplers at the level of the ceiling beams. This is done so that the walls do not move apart under load.

Beds are laid on the ceiling - additional elements from a bar 150 × 150 mm or more, which serve as a support for the racks and redistribute the point load on the floor surface. Do-it-yourself laying of beds should be done along the lines of the walls of the future attic space. If the attic is not going to be used, the bed can be laid directly under the ridge to mount support posts. If necessary, you can splice the timber, but only in places where the joint will lie on the beam. The spiked connection is reinforced with a bracket or a metal plate.

The repeating parts of the rafter system should be made completely identical to each other in order to build an isosceles gable roof, the weight of which will be distributed evenly even under atmospheric loads. For this purpose, templates of identical parts are made with their own hands.

Boards 50 × 150 mm are laid out on the floor of the house, a triangle of the required height is made from two rafter legs and a rack board (its length corresponds to the height of the future roof), connected by a nail. Together or three of us, the structure rises - the rack is installed on the central axis of the ceiling, the rafters are installed on the Mauerlat.

In the process of preparing the template, you can lengthen the elements by varying the height of the roof and choosing the most suitable option.

Having decided on the dimensions, it is necessary to make curly cuts on the rafters at the points of their contact with the strapping. The rafter leg should firmly rest against the Mauerlat. There are a number of mounting methods, you should choose the most convenient and reliable, it is advisable to use metal lining. The intricacies of the technology can be found in the video. The resulting truss structure subsequently acts as a template, and the support board helps to control the height of the installed trusses.

Gable

The pediment is a continuation of the wall, bounded by the slopes of the roof. If a gable roof is provided, the gables of the house are in the shape of a triangle. When installing the rafter structure, first of all, extreme trusses are installed, which later serve as a frame for the gables. It is necessary to strictly check the verticality of the structures and ensure that they have the same height. In the upper part of the gables, a ridge run is attached, to which the rest of the truss structures are subsequently mounted.

Usually the pediments are sewn up after finishing roofing works, but this can be done at an earlier stage. Installation of boards 50 × 100 or 50 × 150 mm is carried out in a vertical or horizontal direction. The pediment, which you can build with your own hands, is often equipped with windows.

It is necessary to provide for the insulation of the gables.

Roof insulation and roof installation

A crate is stuffed onto the truss system, the pitch of which is calculated based on the characteristics of the roofing material - its size and rigidity, installation method. If the use of flexible materials (bituminous tiles, PVC films, rolled bituminous roofs) is envisaged, it is necessary to make a continuous, even flooring.

Roof insulation must be taken as carefully as possible, since otherwise heat losses will be very significant. Usually, a gable roof is immediately carried out taking into account the use of certain materials for insulation - when building a rafter system with your own hands, the pitch of the rafters is calculated relative to the width of the sheet insulation. This allows you to build a roof with minimal economic costs, since the material for insulation does not have to be cut. In addition, this approach speeds up and simplifies the installation of the insulation and vapor barrier system.

In this high-quality video, you can see in detail how to make a gable roof yourself and make sure that there is nothing complicated about it.

double roof - the best option for an inexperienced builder, which you can do with your own hands. It is simple in execution, but at the same time reliable and can withstand significant loads from both wind and precipitation. She, of course, is not very beautiful, but in the baths she looks quite organic.

To do everything consciously, it is necessary to understand the structure of a gable roof and the purpose of all its elements. Let's start in order.

Mauerlat

This is a large bar attached to the load-bearing walls around the perimeter of the building. It is this element that accounts for most of the load from the roof. And it is the Mauerlat that transfers it to the load-bearing walls.

For this element, square bars with a size of 100 * 100 mm or 150 * 150 mm are used. They are connected to the walls with embedded studs. If the bath is wooden, then the upper crown usually serves as the Mauerlat. For all other types of walls, a reinforced concrete belt is made into which studs are embedded. Then the beam of the selected section is “put on” on the studs and attracted with nuts. Sometimes it is additionally fixed with long pins.

Since the thickness of the walls is often greater than the width of the mauerlat, it can be laid with bricks from the outside of the timber. This will make the system more reliable. Only wood needs to be wrapped with two layers of roofing material - to protect it from moisture and decay.

Rafter legs and skate

A ridge is a horizontal wooden block located at the top of the roof and connecting two slopes. Rafter legs or rafters rest on it and on the Mauerlat. Since the ridge has a rather large load, it must be made of a considerable section and wood of durable species should be chosen.

The height of the roof ridge is determined based on the slope of the roof and the width of the building. The angle of the roof slope is a value that depends on climatic factors: if there is a lot of snow in winter, then you need to make the slopes steeper. They will snow well. If in the region strong winds, a high roof will experience heavy loads and can be damaged.

For medium conditions, the optimal roof slope angle is about 35°-45°. They will not be heavily loaded by the wind, and the snow will not accumulate much. In addition, with such an angle, you can choose any type of roofing: any of the tiles, soft roofing, slate, metal tiles.

Also remember, the higher the ridge is raised (the steeper the slopes), the larger the roof area will be. And this will lead to the fact that the cost of purchasing roofing materials and the amount of work will be large.

Knowing the slope angle and the width of your bath, you can calculate the height of the roof ridge. To do this, the width of the building must be divided by two (if the ridge is in the middle, and not shifted to one side or the other) and multiplied by the slope angle tangent (the first formula in the figure). In order not to look for the necessary coefficient in mathematical tables, it is written out and summarized in a simple table.

Roof slope angle	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
Tg A (skate height calculation)	0,08	0,17	0,26	0,36	0,47	0,59	0,76	0,86	1	1,22	1,45	1,78
Sin A (rafter length calculation)	0,09	0,17	0,26	0,34	0,42	0,5	0,57	0,64	0,71	0,77	0,82	0,87

Multiply half the width of the house by this factor. Get the height of the ridge for your bath. For example, the width of the bath is 4 meters, the angle is 35 °. We consider: 4 m / 2 * 0.76 \u003d 1.52 m - the height of the ridge from the ceiling.

Now about the rafter legs. They are made from pine or spruce bars, or better - larch. Section 50*150 mm or 50*100 mm. The choice of bar thickness depends on:

The length of the rafter leg is also calculated according to mathematical formula: the height of the skate is divided by the sine of the angle of inclination (the second formula in the figure). The sines of the tilt angles are also in the table. Find the right value and count. For example, for the ridge we found is 1.52 m and the angle of inclination is 35 °, the rafters will need 1.52 m / 0.57 = 2.67 m.

Roof overhang and filly

But the roof does not end exactly above the load-bearing wall. It extends beyond the walls by about 40 cm. This ledge is called the roof overhang. This is done so that the water flows further from the foundation, does not wash it away. Therefore, the rafter legs are taken longer. If their length is not enough, they are grown with boards, which are called "fillies".

To organize the overhang of the roof, boards are added to the rafters - filly

Types of truss systems

Rafter systems come with hanging or layered rafter legs. The hanging ones rest only on the outer walls of the building (on the Mauerlat or the upper crown). In order to increase the reliability of the system, so as not to ruin the walls, they are connected by puffs (also called a jumper or crossbar). This type of rafter system is suitable for buildings of small width (less than 10 m) and in cases where there is no load-bearing wall running in the middle.

Two types of truss systems - with hanging and layered rafters

The second type of system is with layered rafters. They rest on a ridge beam and a mauerlat, but the load from the roof is also distributed to the middle load-bearing wall, through vertical bars - girders, which are installed with the same pitch as the rafters and rely on the lower puff.

Do-it-yourself installation of gable roof rafters

For most of the baths, the system is made with hanging rafter legs - the dimensions allow this. In this case, less consumption of lumber and less time is required for its arrangement. In this case, most of the work can be transferred to the ground.

They make one triangle from the rafters according to all the rules and sizes. They try it on, and then make the right amount of its exact copies. Finished rafters with puffs and crossbars, fastened and measured, are raised to the roof. There they are set strictly vertically in the designated places and are fixed to the Mauerlat and the ridge.

An example of how to make a gable roof with hanging rafters, see the video.

With a roof slope length of more than 4.5 meters, to increase the reliability of the system, vertical racks are installed, which support the rafter leg at one end, and rest against the floor beam with the other. This is done regardless of the type of installation of rafters: both hanging and layered. They also install slopes that make the structure even more rigid.

In any case, the rafters will need to be attached to the ridge beam, as well as to the Mauerlat. The figure below shows the mounting options for the ridge.

It will also be necessary to attach the rafters to the Mauerlat. How to do this - see the photo below.

Lathing device

Making a gable roof with your own hands ends with the installation of a crate for roofing material. To do this, a waterproofing film or membrane is rolled out on the outside of the rafters. Lay it in a horizontal direction. Starting from the bottom, moving up. The second and all subsequent rows are laid with an overlap of at least 15-20 cm. They are fixed with small nails or staples from a staple gun.

After installing the truss system, a film or waterproofing membrane is fixed on it, and on top - a crate

There are two ways - with or without a counter-crate. The counter-lattice is stuffed along the rafters, and on top there are already lathing bars. Thus, an air gap is formed between the waterproofing and the roofing material. This option is better from the point of view that such a roof will dry out better and faster. And this is very important for baths.

Without a counter-lattice, the bars are packed immediately over the waterproofing. There is also a gap here, but it is smaller, therefore, ventilation will be worse. But this option is also acceptable: less consumption of materials and work, too.

After the manufacture of the crate, it remains only to fix the selected roofing material.