What infertility is not treated. Signs of infertility in women

Infertility can be absolute, and this condition is associated with congenital underdevelopment or poor functioning of the genital organs. However, infertility is much more common as a result of a disease - inflammation, adhesions, impaired sperm motility in men, endocrine disorders. Folk recipes will help to cope with such a problem.

Izmagen (woolly panzeria) is a herbaceous perennial that grows mainly in Eastern Siberia. The wealth of medicinal properties of this plant has made it popular not only among herbalists. The people call izmagen grass-flying grass. Its unique composition is actively used to treat women's and men's problems associated with impaired reproductive function. The herb is useful for infertility and this is not its only advantage.

Medicinal properties and composition of izmagen

The composition of the plant has not yet been fully studied, the probability of discoveries is very high. But even those medicinal properties that have already been proven and actively used deserve attention. Izmagen is an excellent antitoxic, tonic, sedative and general tonic.

The grass contains alkaloids, malic acid, tannins, water-soluble essential oil, flavonoids and a large number of biologically active substances. Preparations, which include woolly shell, treat cardiovascular nervosa. They are used for atherosclerosis, Graves' disease, blood pressure and rheumatism. And yet, this plant has gained the greatest popularity as a remedy for infertility.

Ismagen and infertility

For the sake of fulfilling the dream of becoming parents, many couples are ready to use any means and methods. Most often, infertility occurs due to various diseases. These can be endocrine disorders, inflammation of the genital organs, impaired sperm motility in men. Modern methods of treatment very effectively solve these problems, but the significance and popularity of traditional medicine recipes is not lost. Medicinal plants are still actively used and help get rid of gynecological diseases. Ismagen with his unique properties among the leaders among herbs that are involved in the treatment of infertility. It quite actively affects the restoration of reproductive function, since its action is aimed at restoring hormonal levels and eliminating inflammatory processes.

As part of the phytopreparation "Ismagen" the only component is the herb panaceria woolly. This plant has a sedative effect. Its medicinal properties contribute to the normalization menstrual cycle, prevention of uterine bleeding, getting rid of uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts.

How to use?

Most often, a decoction of izmagen or herbal vodka tincture is used for medicinal purposes.

Decoction. Chopped grass (1 teaspoon) pour a glass of boiling water and hold on low heat for 5 minutes. Cool, strain and take before meals, 3 times a day, 2 tablespoons.

Tincture. Grass (20 gr.) Pour vodka 200 gr. (proportion 1 to 10). Insist 10 days and take 3 times daily for ½ teaspoon. The course of treatment is 1 month.

Sage for infertility

An infusion of sage seeds helps both men and women. But in women, in addition, the “suction” reflex of the cervix increases, and frigidity also significantly decreases or completely disappears. All these problems disappear completely if linden is added to the infusion of sage. This is why sage is an effective fertility treatment.

Due to the fact that sage contains many hormones, some of which are an analogue of female sex hormones, sage is recommended for women after 35 years of age to drink one glass of infusion daily in the morning.

To prepare it, take one teaspoon of sage and pour a glass of boiling water over it. Insist until cool, this is about 40 minutes. Drink half an hour before meals. For taste, you can add lemon or honey. This rejuvenating course for women lasts a month. There is a 3 month break between courses.

To treat infertility, simply take one dessert spoon of sage seeds per cup of boiling water. To enhance the effect, you can add limes. Wait until it is brewed and you can drink. Start taking immediately after menstruation ends, 11 days in a row, 2 times a day, morning and evening. And so for three months. If pregnancy does not occur, then the course is repeated after a two-month break.

Attention! Do not take too much sage, as it can cause allergies and poison the body.

Psyllium seeds for infertility

Women A decoction of psyllium seeds is good for heavy menstrual bleeding, which is accompanied by severe pain, bad mood and depression. Also, this decoction treats infertility - provided that it is caused by an inflammatory process in the pipes.

men a decoction of psyllium seeds will help in the treatment of immobility of spermatozoa. To be treated with a decoction of plantain seeds is advised not only by traditional healers, but also by Tibetan medicine.

To prepare this decoction, take one tablespoon of psyllium seeds and pour a glass of boiling water over it. Boil for two to five minutes. Give time to brew, then strain. The decoction should be taken warm, 2 tablespoons 4 times a day. The shelf life of the broth in the refrigerator is 2-3 days. The course of treatment is 3 months. It is recommended to take therapeutic baths.

baths. It is also useful to take therapeutic baths from plantain. To prepare it, take 50 g of plantain roots and leaves and pour a liter of boiling water over it. Let it brew for 45 minutes, then strain. One liter of this infusion is for one water procedure. The course of treatment is 15 days every 3 months.

Mummy from infertility

For the treatment of infertility in men and women, mumiyo helps well. Take 2 times a day, in the morning on an empty stomach and in the evening before going to bed, 0.2 grams of mumiyo, washed down with either carrot or blueberry juice, or sea buckthorn juice.

The course of treatment lasts 28 days. For a more powerful effect, you can mix mumiyo with egg yolks and juices of certain medicinal plants, such as sage or quince. Strengthening of sexual function is noticeably felt in a week.

Knotweed for infertility

Knotweed treats infertility, promotes conception and has therapeutic effect for the functioning of the ovaries and uterus. Therefore, it is very useful for women, and also knotweed has a beneficial effect on men. Moreover, knotweed has another pattern: when it is used, the chance of having a son increases, and not a daughter.

To prepare the infusion, take 3 tablespoons of dry or fresh knotweed grass and pour into a thermos. Add half a liter of boiling water and let it brew for 4 hours. Take half a glass 4 times a day half an hour before meals.

Collection of herbs for infertility

This collection of herbs helps with infertility and inflammation of the ovaries. The course of treatment takes place with complete abstinence from sexual activity. To prepare a decoction, mix 50 g of coltsfoot leaves, sweet clover grass, pharmacy chamomile flowers, calendula flowers and centaury grass. Take 2 tablespoons of this mixture for half a liter of boiling water. Drink 1/3 cup 6 times a day half an hour before meals and between meals. The course of infertility treatment is 1-2 months.

Good to know. Many people are very surprised when they hear that when bathing you need to use laundry soap. Moreover, the higher the percentage, the more alkali in it and the better for the body. Women's diseases that are inflammatory in nature lend themselves well to tincture of the boron uterus, it is also called one-sided ortilia. The same tincture restores irregularities in the menstrual cycle, cures fibroids, uterine fibroids, and infertility.

To prepare it, take 50 grams of this herb, finely chop and pour half a liter of vodka. After 2 weeks, the infusion will be ready. Take 35-40 drops 3 times a day half an hour before meals with warm water. The course of treatment is 4 weeks. At the same time, it should be noted that one-sided ortilia is often confused with wintergreen, since they are both pear-shaped families and are similar to each other. But wintergreen will not help you, it is used to treat inflammation of the prostate.

baking soda for infertility

Perhaps some women have heard that douching with baking soda helps to get pregnant. Only not everyone believes in the old grandmother's method, but the effectiveness of such procedures can be explained from a scientific point of view.

As you know, the vagina is acidic, which has a detrimental effect on spermatozoa. In order to penetrate the uterus and fertilize the egg, the male germ cells have to travel quite a long way, during which half of them die.

When douching with soda, the pH of the vagina changes to the alkaline side, therefore, optimal conditions are created for the life of ejaculate cells.

Douching is carried out at the rate of: half a teaspoon of bicarbonate per 0.5 l of water. The procedure is best done before the start of sexual intercourse, about half an hour. In a slightly alkaline environment, spermatozoa will retain their mobility, their life span will be extended. However, in order not to destroy the microbiological environment of the vagina, douching should be done no more than 2-3 times a month.

Black cumin oil for infertility

Black cumin oil is the most useful product which cures many diseases. The Prophet Muhammad called it "a remedy for all ailments except death." As it was found, the oil has a positive effect on the thymus gland, which is responsible for immune defense. It contains phytosterols necessary for the production of hormones in the body. The oil is used for disorders of the reproductive system, both in men and women.

In oriental medicine, the remedy has long been used to restore erection and maintain male abilities. Oil improves the number and mobility of spermatozoa, increases their ability to conceive. In the female half, it restores disturbed hormonal levels, normalizes the monthly cycle, helps in the treatment of inflammation and prevents the appearance of tumors.

Take black cumin oil in a teaspoon with honey 2 times a day. It is good to drink such a drug with tea with chamomile and thyme. Treatment is recommended for 3-4 months, then interrupted for 2 months

Wintergreen for infertility

Wintergreen - medicinal plant, helping to get rid of chronic inflammatory processes in the female genital area. Adnexitis, colpitis, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, atony of the uterus can cause infertility. Men should also take wintergreen tincture or decoction if they suffer from urethritis or prostate inflammation.

The plant is used for infertility in the form of infusion and alcohol tincture. The infusion is prepared as follows: 2 tbsp. spoons of dried grass are poured with boiling water in an amount of 300-400 ml. Infuse and apply 100 ml with honey three times a day, about an hour before meals. Treatment continues for six months.

Wintergreen tincture is prepared in the ratio: 1 part herb to 5 parts vodka. Insist in a dark place for 20 days. Take 40 drops before meals three times a day. You can also use fresh grass, but this will require half a glass of chopped raw materials per 200 ml of vodka. Insist and take 35 drops.

Geranium oil for infertility

The essential oil of the plant improves mood, fights depression, has an anti-inflammatory effect, helps get rid of painful periods and sexual disorders. Every woman who dreams of motherhood should have a geranium at home and periodically inhale the aroma of the plant.

You can use geranium essential oil to scent the room: this sets the woman in a loving mood. If you add a few drops of aromatic oil to any base oil (avocado, olive), then this remedy can be used for massage. It increases sexual desire, relaxes, increases vitality.

In case of infertility, add a few drops of aromatic oil, approximately 3-4 drops, to 100 ml of heated water. Put a teaspoon of honey here. Apply the remedy 3 times a day, before meals.

With bacterial vaginitis, 3-4 drops of aromatic oil are added to a glass of water, 1 tsp is also put here. baking soda. The solution is used for douching.

The materials are for informational purposes only. Remember, self-medication is life-threatening, for advice on the use of any medicines and methods of treatment, consult a doctor.

Female infertility is a pathological condition accompanied by a violation of the reproductive system of the female body and the inability to become pregnant due to this violation. Treatment of female infertility is aimed at eliminating the cause that caused the disease. If the cause of infertility cannot be eliminated, assisted reproductive technologies are prescribed.

Treatment for infertility in women begins after the diagnosis is made. Exist various ways treatment of reproductive problems in women. The choice of method depends on the type of infertility. Among these varieties are the following.

tubal infertility
One of the most common types of infertility. Tubal infertility is caused by adhesive and inflammatory processes in the pelvis, endometriosis. The same diagnosis will be made in the absence of fallopian tubes due to ectopic pregnancy. Tubal infertility is treated with salpingoplasty - surgical dissection of adhesions and salpingostomy - creating a hole in the pipes. If the restoration of the anatomy and performance of the fallopian tubes is not possible surgically, IVF is used. In the absence of tubes, artificial insemination is the only way to overcome infertility.
endocrine infertility
Infertility associated with hormonal abnormalities always causes irregular ovulation or no ovulation. This entails problems in the development of eggs and their release from the ovaries. Similar pathologies appear due to diseases of the endocrine system, polycystic ovary syndrome and depletion of the ovarian reserve. Treatment of endocrine infertility refers to the normalization of the menstrual cycle and stimulation of ovulation, for which hormonal preparations are used. With endocrine diseases, drug therapy of the organs of the endocrine system is carried out. Polycystic ovary syndrome may also require surgical treatment.
Immunological infertility
If antibodies are present in the cervical mucus or blood of a woman that negatively affect spermatozoa or the embryo, we can talk about immunological infertility. In some cases, autoimmune problems are treated with drug therapy and plasmapheresis. If this type of treatment is ineffective, artificial insemination or IVF is prescribed.
Psychological infertility
Chronic stress and an unfavorable psychological environment can cause changes in a woman's reproductive system. Depression, anxiety, and depression can reduce your chances of conception and affect the regularity of your menstrual cycle. In the presence of psychological problems, a woman is recommended to contact a psychologist; many reproductive centers have this specialist on staff. Also, with psychological infertility, relaxation methods and lifestyle adjustments are effective.
Infertility of unknown etiology
If it is impossible to get pregnant in the absence of severe reproductive health problems, the diagnosis of unexplained infertility is made. This type of infertility is treated through artificial insemination and IVF.

The question of how to treat infertility may be the most important for some couples. He gets up when the family decides to have a child, but the long-awaited pregnancy does not occur. There can be quite a few reasons for this. The "culprit" of infertility in the family can be both a woman and a man, so you need to be examined together. According to the results of the examination, treatment is prescribed for the wife, husband or both spouses.

Fertility specialists believe that the chance of pregnancy is higher at a younger age. Therefore, they recommend not to postpone the examination and treatment of infertility, but to consult a doctor as soon as possible. If you are planning a child, but pregnancy has not occurred within a year, then something is clearly wrong with the reproductive function of one of the spouses. This means that examination and treatment are necessary.

Methods of infertility treatment and its results depend on the reasons why this problem is present. That is why the examination is the first and very important step in the treatment of infertility.

What is infertility

It is customary to allocate different kinds this problem. First, it can be male or female. Secondly, primary or secondary. With primary infertility, a woman has never had a pregnancy. In a man, primary infertility means that none of his partners were pregnant by him. In other cases, they speak of secondary infertility.

Is there a cure for infertility? In most cases, it can be treated conservatively or surgically. If the result is not achieved, then auxiliary methods can help: artificial insemination, IVF.

Infertility treatment

To choose a method of treatment, first of all, the cause of the problem and the nature of the disease are established. To get a complete picture, it is best to examine both spouses at once. To detect male infertility, a detailed spermogram is made. When diagnosing a woman, her reproductive organs are examined:

uterus
ovaries
the fallopian tubes

Treatment of female infertility

The cause of female infertility can be endocrine disorders, inflammatory processes, pathologies of the fallopian tubes or endometriosis of the uterus, as well as immunological factors. Depending on the cause identified during the examination, treatment is prescribed.

Treatment for fallopian tube pathology

This pathology is a common cause of female infertility. It accounts for almost half of the cases. The main problem is the obstruction of the tubes, which develops after inflammatory and infectious diseases that spread to the reproductive organs.

Hysterosalpingography is used to diagnose the condition of the tubes. This examination can be performed by x-ray or ultrasound. As a result, adhesions or foci of inflammation are detected. If the obstruction is due to inflammatory processes, but there are no adhesions, then conservative treatment, including a course of antibiotics, is sufficient. If there are adhesions that cover the lumen of the fallopian tubes, they must be eliminated. This requires surgery, which is usually performed laparoscopically.

How to cure infertility if one of the fallopian tubes is missing, and the second one has patency? Recovery normal state an existing tube can lead to pregnancy. If this fails, then you have to resort to ICSI or IVF. The same measures will definitely be necessary in the absence of both pipes.

Treatment for endometriosis

In endometriosis, the main method of diagnosis and treatment is laparoscopic intervention. It allows you to identify foci and remove them. After laparoscopy, hormonal treatment may be needed. After the whole complex of measures, the natural onset of pregnancy occurs in half of the cases. In other cases, re-treatment or artificial insemination is necessary.

Treatment of endocrine disorders

Any problems in the work of the endocrine system of a woman lead to hormonal imbalance. This interferes with the process of egg maturation, as a result, ovulation does not occur, and pregnancy does not occur. Can infertility caused by hormone imbalance be cured? In most cases this is possible.

Diagnostic studies

Blood test for hormones
Folliculometry
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs

The causes of hormonal disorders can be different:

diabetes
disease thyroid gland
ovarian cysts
infectious diseases
reaction to stressful situations

Treatment in cases of hormonal imbalance most often consists of conservative treatment with hormones or other drugs. If the cause is a cyst, surgery may be needed. However, often a course of hormonal drugs is enough to restore reproductive function.

Treatment of inflammatory processes

The most common cause female infertility is an inflammatory gynecological disease. In most cases, they are caused by infections penetrating from the external genital organs, the urethra.

Any inflammatory diseases in the urogenital area should be treated at the earliest stages. Untreated infections become chronic and often lead to infertility.

Diagnostic studies:

PCR diagnostics
Seeding for flora
Blood and urine tests

Antibiotics are used to treat infections. They are selected in accordance with the results of the diagnosis, during which the causative agent of the disease is determined. If the cause is a virus, then antiviral agents are prescribed. Both partners should be treated at the same time. After the course of treatment, you need to check its effectiveness and again undergo diagnostic studies. If the result is good, then vitamin therapy is prescribed, means to maintain immunity. Pregnancy is coming soon.

Treatment of immune disorders

With immune infertility, the main problem is that antisperm bodies appear in the cervical mucus. They prevent the passage of spermatozoa into the uterus. The treatment for this problem is artificial insemination, when sperm is injected directly into the uterus, bypassing the cervix.

Treatment of male infertility

Treatment for male infertility is also carried out depending on the cause. The main reason, as in women, is infection and inflammation of the reproductive organs. Also, men are characterized by endocrine abnormalities, impaired patency in the vas deferens and blood circulation in the testicles. The cause of male infertility can be negative impact harmful working conditions, alcohol, environmental factors.

Treatment can be carried out both conservatively and surgically. The consequences of trauma, congenital malformations, severe varicocele or obstruction of the ducts are treated only with the help of surgery. With hormonal problems, the underlying disease is treated or resorted to hormonal correction.

There are cases of idiopathic infertility in men, when the cause cannot be found. In such cases, modern fertility clinics offer programs to stimulate spermatogenesis, which often succeed, and a long-awaited child appears in the family.

Where can men and women who suffer from reproductive problems go, where can they treat infertility? The best option is to contact a specialized clinic where reproductive specialists work. In such medical institutions there is always a set of diagnostic and treatment methods for almost any case.

female infertility- this is the absence of pregnancy for one and a half to two years or more in a woman who lives a regular sexual life, without the use of contraceptives.

Infertility in women can be primary or secondary. Such infertility is called primary when a woman, despite regular sexual life without the use of contraceptives, never became pregnant; secondary - when a woman became infertile after one or more pregnancies, even ended in childbirth.

Here we look at how infertility in women can be treated and cured. folk remedies at home and medicines.

Causes and symptoms

infantilism (underdevelopment) general and genital;
husband's infertility;
inflammation of the ovaries (former or present);
strongly pronounced inflection of the uterus;
diseases of the fallopian tubes;
transferred gonorrhea;
previous abortions.

Treatment of infertility should follow the path of curing the underlying disease that caused it.

Sometimes infertility is caused by a lack of dietary vitamin E, which is called the reproduction vitamin. In this case, you need to eat more foods containing this vitamin - egg yolks, liver, lettuce, yellow carrots, germinated cereal seeds, etc.

When prescribing treatment, it is necessary to take into account the general condition of the woman's body.

General strengthening measures contribute to an increase in the reductivity of the body, activation of redox processes; this is important for improving the functions of the endocrine glands, including the pituitary and ovaries.

Usually, antenatal clinics conduct conversations with women, explaining to them the course of the menstrual cycle and indicating the days most convenient for conception (9-17 days of the cycle).

With signs of vaginismus and chronic inflammatory processes (especially with obstruction of the fallopian tubes) - mandatory anti-inflammatory treatment (medication, physiotherapy, mud therapy, hydrotrubation).

In all cases of infertility every evening put a compress on the lower abdomen. steam compress done as follows: take a bag of thin material, fill it with tolerably hot undercooked barley and keep for 20-30 minutes.

How to treat and how to cure infertility with folk remedies

You can try the treatment of female infertility at home with the following remedies.

Insert a tampon into the vagina, prepared in the form of a ball the size of a hazelnut. The tampon is made up of parsley soaked in fresh sunflower oil and placed in gauze tied with woolen thread.

You can use a swab made from heads of baked small seed onions, sprinkled with a mixture of one fourth teaspoon powdered sugar and antenaria herb powder, tied with clean gauze and woolen thread.

Infusion from psyllium seed done as follows: grind 1 teaspoon of seeds into powder, pour boiling water and boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Then strain the infusion, cool. Take a tablespoon 3-4 times a day for 12 days.

1 a tablespoon of herbs sundews pour a glass of boiling water and insist in a warm place for 1 hour. Strain. Drink 2 tablespoons 3 times a day.

Periwinkle. Boil 20 g of dry plant in 250 g of vodka for 5 minutes, cool, strain, store in a cool dark place. Take 15 drops three times a day.

Gentian cruciform. In case of infertility, a decoction of rhizomes and roots is used. Pour 2 teaspoons of dried crushed roots with 3 cups of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes over low heat, strain. Take half a glass 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Wintergreen is round-leaved. 2 teaspoons of dry crushed leaves leave for 2 hours in a dark place in a sealed container in 1 cup of boiling water. Strain. Take one-fourth cup 3-4 times daily before meals. It has a good effect in the treatment of adnexitis.

Tincture: 50 g of dry crushed leaves insist two weeks in a warm and dark place for 0.5 liters of vodka. Take 30-40 drops 3 times a day with water.

Seeds used for infertility plantain big. Pour 1 tablespoon of seeds with 1 cup of boiling water, cook over low heat, cool. Take one fourth cup 3 times daily before meals.

Wormwood, or Chernobyl. It was believed that this is "the best herb for all women's diseases."

Tincture – pharmacy drug.

Infusion: 1 tablespoon of dry grass insist 4 hours in 300 grams of water in a sealed container, boil, strain. Take half a glass 2 times a day.

Wheat. Fresh juice from germ or unripe wheat is useful for infertility, both for women and men.

Golden rhododendron. In the form of vodka tincture, it is used in the treatment of infertility. 1 teaspoon of crushed leaves pour 200 g of vodka. Insist for two weeks, take 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day in one quarter glass of water.

Knotweed (highlander bird). Many women were cured of infertility in a simple and affordable way - they drank knotweed without measure, like tea. Knotweed herb infusion: 1 cup of dry herb per 1 liter of boiling water.

Ficus. symptomatic remedy. With infertility in women, it is recommended to keep ficus in the house.

Yarutka field. Two tablespoons of dry grass with flowers, pods and seeds leave for 4 hours in 1 cup of boiling water in a sealed container. Strain. Take 1 teaspoon 4-5 times daily.

Preparations aloe used in the treatment of infertility. Cut leaves from a 5-year-old plant that has not been watered for 7 days before and store in a dark place for 8-10 days. After that, cut off the thorns, and chop the leaves with a stainless knife and pour honey, pork or goose fat and melted butter, taking each 6 times more than aloe. Take the mixture twice a day, a tablespoon in a glass of hot milk. At the same time as taking aloe, drink a decoction of psyllium seeds (see above).

When treating infertility, eat as many foods containing vitamin E as possible. It is found in wheat, peas and beans, buckwheat and oatmeal, onions, rose hips, sea buckthorn, as well as eggs and liver.

nettle seeds(whole panicle with immature seeds), boiled with grape wine, drink 1 tablespoon before meals, and eat nettle powder with onions and eggs.

During the entire treatment, eat a piece licorice root(the size of a bean), drink alcohol tinctures calamus root, eleutherococcus, ginseng, lemongrass or golden root, if the pressure is not increased, and you do not suffer from neurasthenia.

Medicines, pills and medicines

For the treatment of infertility in women, the use sex hormones indicated in cases where infertility is combined with amenorrhea or uterine hypoplasia. But this is only part of the complex therapy of infertility. It is not advisable to prescribe large doses of estrogens without observing the cyclical nature of their administration in combination with progesterone. It is necessary to create a physiological cycle of these hormones in the body.

Infertility treatment gonadotropic hormones can be an effective stimulant of ovarian function and ovulation resumes in cases where there are anovulatory cycles.

Application sera of foal mares, rich in gonadotropic hormones, can also cause ovulation (again in the presence of anovulatory cycles).

A good effect is also observed in women with secondary amenorrhea and a decrease in pituitary function. Choriogonin injected intramuscularly at 500-1000 units. within 2-3 days before the expected ovulation (9-14 days of the cycle).

With underdevelopment of the uterus, combined treatment with the serum of pregnant mares and estrogens is effective.

With the phenomena of hypothyroidism, small doses are prescribed thyroid drugs.

In most cases, hormonal treatment is combined with the use of pharmacological agents used to influence the patient's nervous system in various phases of the menstrual cycle.

Surgical methods of treatment (salpingostomy, tubal-ovarian anastomosis (especially implantation of the ovary into the uterus) have an effect in no more than 5-10% of cases of female infertility.

With infertility immunological(antibodies formed in a woman's body can be directed against spermatozoa or seminal fluid) treatment is carried out only after a special study (postcoital test, sperm and cervical mucus contact test, etc.).

In the presence of antisperm antibodies in the cervical mucus, condomotherapy is recommended for several months, followed by intrauterine insemination with sperm.

Infertility can be not only female, but also male. Most often, male infertility is associated with malformations of the vas deferens, with a pathological change in the seed, or with previous sexually transmitted diseases.

General information

Diagnosis infertility” is placed on a woman on the basis if she does not become pregnant for 1 year or more with regular sexual relations without using contraceptive methods. They speak of absolute infertility if the patient has irreversible anatomical changes that make conception impossible (lack of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, serious anomalies in the development of the genital organs). With relative infertility, the causes that caused it can be subjected to medical correction.

Infertility caused by endometriosis is diagnosed in approximately 30% of women suffering from this disease. The mechanism of the effect of endometriosis on infertility is not completely clear, however, it can be stated that endometriosis sites in the tubes and ovaries prevent normal ovulation and the movement of the egg.

The occurrence of an immune form of infertility is associated with the presence of antisperm antibodies in a woman, that is, a specific immunity produced against spermatozoa or an embryo. In more than half of cases, infertility is caused not by a single factor, but by a combination of 2-5 or more causes. In some cases, the causes of infertility remain unidentified, even after a complete examination of the patient and her partner. Infertility of unknown origin occurs in 15% of surveyed couples.

Diagnosis of infertility

Questioning method in the diagnosis of infertility

To diagnose and identify the causes of infertility, a woman needs a consultation with a gynecologist. It is important to collect and evaluate information about the general and gynecological health of the patient. This reveals:

Complaints (well-being, duration of absence of pregnancy, pain syndrome, its localization and connection with menstruation, changes in body weight, the presence of secretions from the mammary glands and genital tract, the psychological climate in the family).
Family and hereditary factor (infectious and gynecological diseases in the mother and close relatives, the age of the mother and father at birth of the patient, their state of health, the presence bad habits, the number of pregnancies and childbirth in the mother and their course, the health and age of the husband).
Patient's diseases (past infections, including sexual, operations, injuries, gynecological and concomitant pathology).
The nature of the menstrual function (age of the onset of the first menstruation, assessment of the regularity, duration, pain of menstruation, the amount of blood lost during menstruation, the prescription of existing disorders).
Assessment of sexual function (age of onset of sexual activity, number of sexual partners and marriages, nature of sexual relations in marriage - libido, regularity, orgasm, discomfort during intercourse, previously used methods of contraception).
Childbearing (the presence and number of pregnancies, the characteristics of their course, the outcome, course of childbirth, the presence of complications in childbirth and after them).
Methods of examination and treatment, if they were carried out earlier, and their results (laboratory, endoscopic, radiological, functional methods of examination; medical, surgical, physiotherapeutic and other types of treatment and their tolerance).

Methods of objective examination in the diagnosis of infertility

Methods of objective examination are divided into general and special:

Methods of general examination in the diagnosis of infertility allow assessing the general condition of the patient. They include examination (determination of body type, assessment of the condition of the skin and mucous membranes, the nature of hair growth, the condition and degree of development of the mammary glands), palpation of the thyroid gland, abdomen, measurement of body temperature, blood pressure.

Methods of special gynecological examination of patients with infertility are numerous and include laboratory, functional, instrumental and other tests. During a gynecological examination, hair growth, structural features and development of the external and internal genital organs, ligamentous apparatus, and discharge from the genital tract are assessed. Of the functional tests, the most common in the diagnosis of infertility are the following:

construction and analysis of the temperature curve (based on measurement data basal body temperature) - allow you to assess the hormonal activity of the ovaries and the commission of ovulation;
determination of the cervical index - determination of the quality of cervical mucus in points, reflecting the degree of saturation of the body with estrogens;
postcoitus (postcoital) test - is carried out to study the activity of spermatozoa in the secretion of the cervix and determine the presence of antisperm bodies.

From diagnostic laboratory methods highest value with infertility, they have studies of the content of hormones in the blood and urine. Hormonal tests should not be performed after gynecological and mammological examinations, sexual intercourse, immediately after waking up in the morning, since the level of some hormones, especially prolactin, may change. It is better to conduct hormonal tests several times to obtain a more reliable result. In case of infertility, the following types of hormonal studies are informative:

study of the level of DHEA-S (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) and 17-ketosteroids in the urine - allows you to evaluate the function of the adrenal cortex;
study of the level of prolactin, testosterone, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH) in blood plasma on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle - to assess their effect on the follicular phase;
a study of the level of progesterone in the blood plasma on days 20-22 of the menstrual cycle - to assess ovulation and the functioning of the corpus luteum;
study of the level of follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormones, prolactin, estradiol, etc. in case of menstrual dysfunction (oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea).

In the diagnosis of infertility, hormonal tests are widely used to more accurately determine the state of individual parts of the reproductive apparatus and their response to the intake of a particular hormone. Most often in infertility is carried out:

progesterone test (with norkolut) - in order to determine the level of saturation of the body with estrogen in amenorrhea and the reaction of the endometrium to the introduction of progesterone;
cyclic or estrogen-gestagenic test with one of the hormonal drugs: gravistat, non-ovlon, marvelon, ovidon, femoden, silest, demulen, trisiston, triquilar - to determine the reception of the endometrium to steroid hormones;
clomiphene test (with clomiphene) - to assess the interaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system;
a test with metoclopramide - to determine the prolactin secretory capacity of the pituitary gland;
a test with dexamethasone - in patients with an increased content of male sex hormones to identify the source of their production (adrenal glands or ovaries).

For the diagnosis of immune forms of infertility, the content of antisperm antibodies (specific antibodies to spermatozoa - ASAT) in the blood plasma and cervical mucus of the patient is determined. Of particular importance in infertility is the examination for sexual infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, herpes, cytomegalovirus, etc.), affecting the reproductive function of women. Informative diagnostic methods for infertility are radiography and colposcopy.

Patients with infertility due to intrauterine adhesions or adhesive obstruction of the tubes are shown to be examined for tuberculosis (radiography of the lungs, tuberculin tests, hysterosalpingoscopy, endometrial examination). To exclude neuroendocrine pathology (pituitary lesions), patients with disturbed menstrual rhythm undergo an x-ray of the skull and sella turcica. The complex of diagnostic measures for infertility necessarily includes colposcopy to identify signs of erosion, endocervicitis and cervicitis, which are a manifestation of a chronic infectious process.

With the help of hysterosalpingography (X-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes), abnormalities and tumors of the uterus, intrauterine adhesions, endometriosis, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, adhesions, which are often the causes of infertility, are detected. An ultrasound scan allows you to examine the patency of the fallopian tubes. To clarify the state of the endometrium, a diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity is performed. The resulting material is subjected to histological examination and assessment of the correspondence of changes in the endometrium to the day of the menstrual cycle.

Surgical methods for diagnosing infertility

Surgical methods for diagnosing infertility include hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. Hysteroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the uterine cavity using an optical device-hysteroscope, inserted through the external uterine os. In accordance with the recommendations of the WHO - World Health Organization, modern gynecology has introduced hysteroscopy as a mandatory diagnostic standard for patients with uterine infertility.

Indications for hysteroscopy are:

primary and secondary infertility, habitual miscarriages;
suspicions of hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, intrauterine adhesions, anomalies in the development of the uterus, adenomyosis, etc.;
violation of the menstrual rhythm, heavy menstruation, acyclic bleeding from the uterine cavity;
fibroidsgrowing into the uterine cavity;
unsuccessful IVF attempts, etc.

Hysteroscopy allows you to sequentially examine the inside of the cervical canal, the uterine cavity, its anterior, posterior and lateral surfaces, the right and left mouths of the fallopian tubes, assess the condition of the endometrium and identify pathological formations. A hysteroscopic examination is usually performed in a hospital under general anesthesia. During hysteroscopy, the doctor can not only examine the inner surface of the uterus, but also remove some neoplasms or take a fragment of endometrial tissue for histological analysis. After hysteroscopy, discharge is made in the minimum (from 1 to 3 days) terms.

Laparoscopy is an endoscopic method of examining the organs and cavity of the small pelvis using optical equipment inserted through a micro-incision of the anterior abdominal wall. The accuracy of laparoscopic diagnosis is close to 100%. Like hysteroscopy, it can be performed for infertility for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Laparoscopy is performed under general anesthesia in a hospital setting.

The main indications for laparoscopy in gynecology are:

primary and secondary infertility;
ectopic pregnancy, ovarian apoplexy, uterine perforation and other medical emergencies;
obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
endometriosis;
uterine fibroids;
cystic changes in the ovaries;
adhesions in the pelvis, etc.

The indisputable advantages of laparoscopy are the bloodlessness of the operation, the absence of severe pain and rough sutures in the postoperative period, and the minimal risk of developing a postoperative adhesive process. Usually, 2-3 days after the laparoscopy, the patient is subject to discharge from the hospital. Surgical endoscopic methods are less traumatic, but highly effective both in the diagnosis of infertility and in its treatment, therefore they are widely used to examine women. reproductive age.

Treatment of female infertility

The decision on the treatment of infertility is made after receiving and evaluating the results of all examinations and establishing the causes that caused it. Usually, treatment begins with the elimination of the primary cause of infertility. Therapeutic methods used for female infertility are aimed at: restoring the patient's reproductive function by conservative or surgical methods; the use of assisted reproductive technologies in cases where natural conception is not possible.

With the endocrine form of infertility, hormonal disorders are corrected and the ovaries are stimulated. Non-drug types of correction include weight normalization (in case of obesity) through diet therapy and increased physical activity, physiotherapy. The main type of drug treatment of endocrine infertility is hormonal therapy. The process of maturation of the follicle is controlled by ultrasound monitoring and the dynamics of hormones in the blood. With the right selection and observance of hormonal treatment, 70-80% of patients with this form of infertility become pregnant.

With tubal-peritoneal infertility, the goal of treatment is to restore the patency of the fallopian tubes using laparoscopy. The effectiveness of this method in the treatment of tubal-peritoneal infertility is 30-40%. With long-term adhesive obstruction of the tubes or with the ineffectiveness of a previous operation, artificial insemination is recommended. At the embryological stage, cryopreservation of embryos is possible for their possible use if repeated IVF is necessary.

In cases of uterine form of infertility - anatomical defects in its development - reconstructive plastic surgery is performed. The probability of pregnancy in these cases is 15-20%. If it is impossible to surgically correct uterine infertility (absence of the uterus, pronounced malformations of its development) and self-bearing a pregnancy by a woman, they resort to the services of surrogate motherhood, when embryos are transferred into the uterus of a surrogate mother who has undergone a special selection.

Infertility caused by endometriosis is treated with laparoscopic endocoagulation, during which pathological foci are removed. The result of laparoscopy is fixed by a course of drug therapy. The pregnancy rate is 30-40%.

With immunological infertility, artificial insemination is usually used by artificial insemination with the husband's sperm. This method allows you to bypass the immune barrier of the cervical canal and promotes pregnancy in 40% of cases of immune infertility. Treatment of unidentified forms of infertility is the most difficult problem. Most often, in these cases, they resort to the use of assisted reproductive technologies. In addition, indications for artificial insemination are:

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The effectiveness of infertility treatment is affected by the age of both spouses, especially women (the probability of pregnancy decreases sharply after 37 years). Therefore, infertility treatment should be started as early as possible. And you should never despair and lose hope. Many forms of infertility can be corrected with traditional or alternative treatments.