Artificial light sources are technical devices of various designs that convert energy into light radiation. Light sources mainly use electricity, but chemical energy and other methods of generating light (for example, triboluminescence, radioluminescence, bioluminescence, etc.) are also sometimes used.

The light sources most commonly used for artificial lighting are divided into three groups - gas discharge lamps, incandescent lamps and LEDs. Incandescent lamps are thermal light sources. Visible radiation in them is obtained as a result of heating a tungsten filament with an electric current. In gas-discharge lamps, radiation in the optical range of the spectrum arises as a result of an electric discharge in an atmosphere of inert gases and metal vapors, as well as due to luminescence phenomena, which converts invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible light.

In systems industrial lighting preference is given to gas-discharge lamps. The use of incandescent lamps is allowed if it is impossible or economically inexpedient to use gas discharge lamps.

Main characteristics of light sources:

Rated supply voltage U, B;

· electric power W, W;

luminous flux Ф, lm;

light output (ratio luminous flux lamp to its power) lm / W;

service life t, h;

Color temperature Tc, K.

An incandescent lamp is a light source in which the transformation electrical energy into the light occurs as a result of incandescent electric current of a refractory conductor (tungsten filament). These devices are intended for household, local and special lighting. The latter are usually different appearance- the color and shape of the flask. The coefficient of performance (COP) of incandescent lamps is about 5-10%, such a proportion of the electricity consumed is converted into visible light, and most of it is converted into heat. Any incandescent lamps consist of the same basic elements. But their size, shape and placement can be very different, so different designs are not alike and have different characteristics.

There are lamps whose flasks are filled with krypton or argon. Krypton is usually shaped like a "fungus". They are smaller in size, but provide a greater (about 10%) luminous flux compared to argon ones. Lamps with a spherical bulb are designed for luminaires serving decorative elements; with a bulb in the form of a tube - for illuminating mirrors in closets, bathrooms, etc. Incandescent lamps have a luminous efficacy of 7 to 17 lm / W and a service life of about 1000 hours. They are light sources with a warm tonality, therefore they create errors in the transmission of blue-blue, yellow and red tones. In the interior, where the requirements for color reproduction are quite high, it is better to use other types of lamps. It is also not recommended to use incandescent lamps to illuminate large areas and to create illumination in excess of 1000 Lx, as this releases a lot of heat and the room "overheats".

Despite these limitations, such fixtures are still a classic and favorite light source.

Incandescent lamps lose their brightness over time, and this happens for a simple reason: the tungsten evaporating from the filament is deposited in the form of a dark coating on the inner walls of the bulb. Modern halogen lamps do not have this drawback due to the addition of halogen elements (iodine or bromine) to the gas filler.

Lamps come in two forms: tubular - with a long spiral located along the axis of the quartz tube, and capsule - with a compact filament body.

The bases of small household halogen lamps can be threaded (Type E) which will fit regular sockets and pinned (Type G) which require a different type of socket.

The light output of halogen lamps is 14-30 lm/W. They are warm-toned sources, but their emission spectrum is closer to the spectrum of white light than incandescent lamps. Thanks to this, the colors of the furniture and interior in warm and neutral colors, as well as the complexion of a person, are perfectly "transmitted".

Halogen lamps applied everywhere. Lamps with a cylindrical or candle-shaped flask and designed for a mains voltage of 220V can be used instead of conventional incandescent lamps. Mirror lamps, designed for low voltage, are almost indispensable for accent lighting of paintings, as well as residential premises.

Fluorescent lamps (LL)- discharge lamps low pressure- represent a cylindrical tube with electrodes, into which mercury vapor is pumped. These lamps consume significantly less energy than incandescent or even halogen lamps, and last much longer (lifetime up to 20,000 hours). Thanks to their economy and durability, these lamps have become the most common light sources. In countries with a mild climate, fluorescent lamps are widely used in urban outdoor lighting. In cold regions, their propagation is hindered by the fall of the light flux at low temperatures. The principle of their operation is based on the glow of the phosphor deposited on the walls of the flask. Electric field between the electrodes of the lamp causes mercury vapor to emit invisible ultraviolet radiation, and the phosphor converts this radiation into visible light. By choosing the type of phosphor, you can change the color of the emitted light.

The principle of operation of discharge lamps high pressure—glow of the filler in the discharge tube under the action of arc electric discharges.

The two main high-pressure discharges used in lamps are mercury and sodium. Both give fairly narrow-band radiation: mercury - in the blue region of the spectrum, sodium - in the yellow, so the color rendering of mercury (Ra = 40-60) and especially sodium lamps (Ra = 20-40) leaves much to be desired. The addition of various metal halides inside the discharge tube of a mercury lamp made it possible to create a new class of light sources - metal halide lamps (MHL), characterized by a very wide emission spectrum and excellent parameters: high luminous efficiency (up to 100 Lm / W), good and excellent color rendering Ra \u003d 80-98, a wide range of color temperatures from 3000 K to 20000K, an average service life of about 15,000 hours. MGLs are successfully used in architectural, landscape, technical and sports lighting. Sodium lamps are even more widely used. Today it is one of the most economical light sources due to its high light output (up to 150 Lm/W), long service life and reasonable price. A huge number of sodium lamps are used for lighting highways. In Moscow, sodium lamps are often used to save money on pedestrian areas, which is not always appropriate due to problems with color rendering.

An LED is a semiconductor device that converts electrical current into light. Specially grown crystals provide minimal power consumption. The excellent characteristics of LEDs (light output up to 120 Lm/W, color rendering Ra=80-85, service life up to 100,000 hours) have already provided leadership in lighting equipment, automotive and aviation technology.

LEDs are used as indicators (power indicator on the instrument panel, alphanumeric display). In large street screens and in running lines, an array (cluster) of LEDs is used. Powerful LEDs are used as a light source in lanterns and spotlights. They are also used as a backlight for LCD screens. The latest generations of these light sources can be found in architectural and interior lighting, as well as in domestic and commercial.

Advantages:

· High efficiency.

· High mechanical strength, vibration resistance (absence of a spiral and other sensitive components).

· Long service life.

· Specific spectral composition of radiation. The spectrum is quite narrow. For the needs of indication and data transmission, this is an advantage, but for lighting, this is a disadvantage. Only the laser has a narrower spectrum.

Small radiation angle - can also be both an advantage and a disadvantage.

Security - not required high voltages.

Insensitivity to low and very low temperatures. However, high temperatures are contraindicated for the LED, as well as for any semiconductors.

· Absence of toxic components (mercury, etc.) and, therefore, ease of utilization.

Disadvantage - high price.

Lifetime: The average full life for LEDs is 100,000 hours, which is 100 times the life of an incandescent bulb.

The main characteristics of light

• Light and radiation. Light is understood as electromagnetic radiation that causes a visual sensation in the human eye. In this case, we are talking about radiation in the range from 360 to 830 nm, which occupies a tiny part of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation known to us.
• luminous flux F. Unit of measure: lumen [lm]. The luminous flux Ф is the entire radiation power of the light source, estimated by the light sensation of the human eye.
• Power of Light I. Unit of measure: candela [cd]. The light source emits a luminous flux Ф in different directions with different intensities. The intensity of light emitted in a certain direction is called luminous intensity I.
• illumination E. Unit of measure: lux [lx]. Illumination E reflects the ratio of the incident luminous flux to the illuminated area. Illumination is 1 lux if the luminous flux of 1 lm is evenly distributed over an area of ​​1m 2
• Brightness L. Unit: candela per square meter[cd/m2]. The light intensity L of the light source or illuminated area is the main factor for the level of light perception of the human eye.
• Light output. Unit of measure: lumens per watt. Luminous efficiency shows how economically the consumed electrical power is converted into light.

Specifications of fixtures

Colorful temperature. Unit of measurement: Kelvin [K]. The color temperature of a light source is determined by comparison with a so-called "blackbody" and is displayed as a "blackbody line". If the temperature of the "black body" rises, then the blue component in the spectrum increases, and the red component decreases. An incandescent lamp with warm white light has, for example, a color temperature of 2700 K, while a fluorescent lamp with color daylight- 6000K.

The color of light. The color of light is very well described by the color temperature. There are three main colors of light: warm white< 3300 K, нейтрально-белая 3300 - 5000 K, белая дневного света >5000 K. Lamps with the same color of light can have very various characteristics color rendering, which is explained by the spectral composition of the light emitted by it.

Color rendition. Depending on the location of the lamps and the task they perform, artificial light should provide the best possible perception of color (as in natural daylight). This capability is determined by the color rendering characteristics of the light source, which are expressed in terms of various degrees of "total color rendering index" Ra.

Color rendering index reflects the level of conformity of the natural color of the body with the visible color of this body when illuminated by its reference light source. To determine the value, the color shift Ra is recorded using the eight standard reference colors specified in DIN 6169, which is observed when the light of the light source under test is directed to these reference colors. The smaller the deviation of the color of the light emitted by the lamp under test from the reference colors, the better the color rendering characteristics of this lamp. A light source with a color rendering index of Ra = 100 emits light that reflects all colors optimally, like the light of a reference light source. The lower the Ra value, the worse the colors of the illuminated object are rendered.

lamp efficiency. The efficiency of a luminaire is an important criterion for assessing the energy efficiency of a luminaire. The luminaire efficiency reflects the ratio of the luminous flux of the luminaire to the luminous flux of the lamp installed in it.

Light sources as a source of charging glowing paint.

In order for the phosphor to glow, it must be excited, i.e. supply energy. You can do it

different ways. The most common method of excitation is by light (visible

sunny, artificial room or invisible - ultraviolet, infrared).

Newton's experiments found that sunlight has a complex character. similar

way, i.e., by analyzing the composition of light with a prism, you can make sure that the light of the majority

other sources (incandescent lamp, gas discharge lamp, arc lamp, etc.) has the same

character. Comparingspectra of these luminous bodies, we find that the corresponding sections

spectra havedifferent brightness, i.e., in different spectra, the energy is distributed over

differently.

For ordinary sources, these differences in the spectrum are not very significant, but they can be easily

discover. Our eye, even without the help of a spectral apparatus, detects differences in quality

white light given by these sources. So, the light of a candle seems yellowish or even

reddish compared to an incandescent lamp, and this latter is noticeably yellower than a solar

light.

Even more significant is the difference if a tube serves as a source of light instead of a red-hot body,filled with gas, glowing under the action of an electric discharge. These tubes are usedcurrently for luminous signage or street lighting. Some of

these gas-dischargelamps give bright yellow (sodium lamps) or red (neon lamps)

light,otherglow with a whitish light (mercury), clearly different in shade from the sun.

Spectral studieslight from such sources show that their spectrum contains

only individual more orless narrow colored areas.

AT Artificial light sources intended for indoor use are mainly electrical energy, but chemical energy and other methods of generating light are also sometimes used.

The light sources most commonly used for artificial lighting are divided into three main groups:1) gas discharge lamps, 2) incandescent lamps and 3) LEDs.

Standard incandescent lamps.

The principle of operation is a tungsten spiral placed in a flask from which air is pumped out,

heated by electric current. For more than 120 years of lamp history

incandescent, a huge variety of them were created - from miniature lamps to a flashlight

up to half-kilowatt floodlights. A typical LN luminous efficacy of 10-15 lm/W looks very

unconvincing against the background of record achievements of other types of lamps. LN to a greater extent

heaters than illuminators: the lion's share of the electricity supplying the filament is converted into

in light, but in warmth. In this regard, the continuous spectrum of an incandescent lamp has a maximum in

infrared region and gradually decreases with decreasing wavelength. This spectrum defines

warm tone of radiation (Тсв=2400-2700 K) with excellent color rendering (Ra=100).

The service life of the LN, as a rule, does not exceed 1000 hours, which, by time standards, is very short.

So - due to the extremely low light output, for quick (within 10-15 minutes) activation

photoluminescent compositions comes last. To see more

less decent photoluminescence will require at least 40 minutes of activation from a two-horn

chandeliers with incandescent lamps of 100 watts each.

Halogen incandescent lamps.

The main disadvantage of the standard incandescent lamp is its low light output and its short

life time. When filling it with halogen compounds (the group of halogens includes

non-metallic chemical elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine) can be avoided

soot formation on the inside of the glass bulb, so that the lamp during the entire period

service will emit constant light energy (lumens). Beneficial effect is achieved in

due to the fact that halogen vapors are able to combine with evaporating tungsten particles, and

then, under the action of high temperature, decay, returning tungsten to the spiral.

The tungsten atoms flying out of the hot spiral, therefore, do not reach the walls of the flask

lamps (due to which blackening is reduced), but are returned back chemically. it

the phenomenon is called the halogen cycle.

As a result, the light output and lamp life are significantly improved. While

a standard incandescent lamp achieves a light output of 10 lm/watt, a halogen incandescent lamp

effortlessly reaches 25 lm / watt. In addition, halogen incandescent lamps have a more compact

design and suitable for elegant and special luminaires.

In specialized stores today, halogen incandescent lamps are available for sale for

work with a mains voltage of 220 volts and lamps for low-voltage operation: at 6.12, 24

volt. For low-voltage halogen lamps, an additional transformer is required.

Halogen reflective lamps are increasingly being used for decorative accent lighting.

with a power of 10-50 watts, as well as reflector lamps with glow reflectors 20-75

watt. With these lamps, 2/3 of the generated heat is removed back through a reflector that passes

infrared rays, so that the objects illuminated by these lamps do not get very hot.

The standard service life of mains and many low-voltage halogen lamps is considered to be

a period of 2000 hours. As with conventional incandescent lamps, mechanical effects on lamps in

during operation (especially for linear lamps with a large spiral length), as well as

frequent switching will shorten their service life.

The color temperature of halogen lamps, like the actual temperature of their filament, is higher than that of

traditional incandescent lamps and is 3000-3200 K. This parameter can be changed when

the help of built-in or external light filters, as well as the selection of the thickness of the interference

reflective layer in mirror lamps. Color rendering index Ra of halogen lamps, like all

thermal light sources, is maximum and equal to 100, and due to the higher temperature

incandescent lamps (compared to conventional incandescent lamps) the light of halogen lamps is better

reproduces blue-green colors.

To date, halogen lamps remain the only relatively economical and

this inexpensive type of light source with a "warm" spectrum. This explains their rich

assortment tends to expand. First of all, lamps of this type are found

application in household and functional and decorative lighting.

So - the lamps are generally comparable in their ability to activate photoluminophores with

LED lamps. Moreover, the light output is the same.

Fluorescent lamps.

Of all types of lamps, fluorescent lamps have the highest light output. So called

three-ribbon fluorescent lamps with very good light transmission reach up to 96 lumens /

watt, i.e. almost 10 times more than an incandescent lamp. Therefore, fluorescent lamps are

good sources of energy conservation, and therefore economical. Main area

Applications: industrial zones(workshops, offices, factory floors, etc.)

In fluorescent lamps, light is produced using mercury and deposited on the inside

side of the lamp bulb of the luminescent layer.

Inert gases such as neon, argon or helium serve as phosphors. Excitable

electrons, mercury atoms produce inside the lamp bulb invisible to humans

ultraviolet radiation, which phosphors converts into visible light, while

different phosphors have different colors of light and color rendering properties.

The light output of different phosphors also differs from each other. Just like compact

fluorescent lamps or energy-saving lamps and standard fluorescent lamps

function only with a ballast. And in this case, you must purchase

lamps with electronic ballast only.

Fluorescent lamps are designed for the so-called optimum ambient temperature,

which usually coincides with room temperature (18-25°C). At lower or higher temperatures

the light output of the lamp drops. If the ambient temperature is below +5°C, the lamp will not start at all.

guaranteed. This feature is associated with restrictions on the use of these lamps.

in outdoor lighting.

The service life of fluorescent lamps is determined by many factors and mainly depends on

the quality of their manufacture. The physical burnout of the lamp occurs at the time of destruction

active layer or a break in one of its electrodes. The most intensive sputtering of electrodes

observed when the lamp is ignited, so the total life is shortened if the lamp is frequently

inclusions. The useful life is considered to be the period during which the lamp does not

less than 70% of the initial luminous flux. This period may expire long before burnout.

lamps as such. The average useful life of modern fluorescent lamps in

depending on the model is 8000-15000 hours.

Fluorescent lamps cover almost the entire range of color temperatures from 2700 to

10000 K. There are also colored lamps. The color rendering index Ra varies from 60 for lamps with

standard phosphors up to 92 ... 95 for lamps with very good color rendering. Improvement

color rendering is accompanied by a slight decrease in light output.

The operational features of fluorescent lamps are the flickering of the luminous flux with

mains frequency and its decline during the service life. The flickering of the lamp is imperceptible to the eye,

however, it affects the fatigue of the visual lobe of the brain. Such lighting is unsuitable for

intense visual work (reading, writing, etc.) and can cause stroboscopic

effect on rotating objects. Electronic ballasts eliminate this problem completely

Fluorescent light currently absolutely dominates the indoor lighting market.

public buildings. Despite the rapidly developing competitor - LED

systems - traditional fluorescent lamps will hold their positions for many more years. AT

Recently, there has also been a tendency for active penetration of luminescent light into

home and design applications. Previously, this process was held back mainly

design imperfection and not quite successful colors old range of lamps.

So - the best option for activating photoluminescents. For room at 30

sq.m. a 40 watt lamp is enough for our photoluminescent pattern to be

activated for 10-15 minutes (using a 60 watt lamp will allow the photoluminescent

charge within 5 minutes)

High pressure discharge lamps.

The principle of operation of high-pressure discharge lamps - the glow of the filler in the discharge tube

under the influence of arc electric discharges. Arc discharge lamps are much older than lamps

incandescent, last year the electric arc turned 200 years old. Two main grades

high pressure used in lamps - mercury and sodium. Both give enough

narrow-band radiation: mercury - in the blue region of the spectrum, sodium - in the yellow, therefore

color rendering of mercury (Ra=40-60) and especially sodium lamps (Ra=20-40) leaves much to be desired

the best. Adding various metal halides inside the discharge tube of a mercury lamp

made it possible to create a new class of light sources - metal halide lamps (MHL), which differ

very wide emission spectrum and excellent parameters: high luminous efficiency (up to 100

lm / W), good and excellent color rendering Ra \u003d 80-98, Tcv range from 3000 K to 6000 K, medium

service life is about 15,000 hours.

One of the few disadvantages of MGL is the low stability of parameters during the service life -

successfully overcome with the invention of lamps with a ceramic burner. MGL successfully and

are widely used in architectural, landscape, technical and sports lighting.

Sodium lamps are even more widely used. Today it is one of the most

economical light sources (up to 150 Lm/W).

A huge number of sodium lamps are used to illuminate roads. In Moscow

sodium lamps are often used to save space for lighting pedestrian spaces, which is not

always appropriate due to color rendering issues.

So -high luminous efficiency (up to 100lm / W), good and excellent color rendering Ra = 80-98,

color temperature range from 3000 K to 6000 K (optimal 4200 K) make these lamps very

suitable for fast charging photoluminescents inarchitectural, landscape,

technical and sports lighting..

LED lamps and strips.

Semiconductor light-emitting devices - LEDs - are called light sources

future. If speak about state of the art"solid-state lighting technology", you can

state that she is coming out of infancy. Achieved characteristics

LEDs (for white LEDs, the luminous efficiency is from 15 to 25 Lm / W at the power of the device

up to 5 W, Ra=80-85, service life 100,000 hours) have already provided leadership in lighting

equipment, automotive and aviation technology. LED light sources are on the doorstep

intrusion on the general lighting market, and this is an intrusion we will have to endure in the coming years.

Compared to other electrical light sources (converters of electricity to

electromagnetic radiation in the visible range), LEDs have the following differences:

High efficiency. Modern LEDs are inferior in this parameter only to fluorescent

cold cathode lamp.

High mechanical strength, vibration resistance (absence of a spiral and other sensitive

components).

Long service life. But it is not infinite either - with prolonged operation and / or poor cooling

there is a "poisoning" of the crystal and a gradual drop in brightness.

Specific spectral composition of radiation. The spectrum is quite narrow. For the needs of indication and

data transmission is a virtue, but for lighting it is a disadvantage. The narrower spectrum is

only laser.

Little inertia.Small radiation angle - can also be both a virtue and

disadvantage. Low cost.Security - no high required

voltage. Insensitivity to low and very low temperatures. However, high

temperatureare contraindicated for the LED, as well as for any semiconductors.

So, the light output LED lamps or tapes isfrom 15 to 25 lm / W, which is only slightly

a bit better, than the light output of incandescent lamps (10-1 5 lm/W ). The emission spectrum of LEDs

white color, as you know, is extremely narrow, which even with good total power (15-20 watts)

will increase the exposure time required to activate the photoluminophors.

Due to the low light output, for fast (within 10-15 minutes) activation

photoluminescent compositions are suitable conditionally.

To see moreless decentphotoluminescence in a room of 30 sq.m. us

it will take at least 30-40 minutesactivation from a double-hornedchandeliers withLED

lampspower not less than5 W each. It is better to use more powerful lamps.

In case of use led strip whitecolors, 30-40 minutes will be identical

use notless than 2 running meters of tape, eachof which haspower 4.8 watts.

When using LED strip 5 or 10 meters long, glued "under the ceiling"

along the contour of the room, the result will be proportionately better.

Energy saving lamps.

Energy-saving lamps consist of a bulb filled with pores of mercury and argon, and

ballast (starter). On the inner surface of the flask is applied

a special substance called a phosphor. Phosphor, this is such a substance, when exposed to

on which ultraviolet radiation begins to emit visible light. When we turn on

energy saving light bulb, under the action of electromagnetic radiation, mercury pores,

radiation, in turn, passing through the phosphor deposited on the surface of the lamp,

converted to visible light.

The phosphor can have different shades, and as a result, it can create different colors.

light flux. The designs of existing energy-saving lamps are made for existing

standard sizes of traditional incandescent lamps. The diameter of the base for such lamps is 14

or 27 mm. Thanks to this, you can use energy-saving lamps in any

a lamp, sconce or chandelier for which you previously used an incandescent lamp.

a) Advantages of energy-saving lamps

Efficiency y energy saving lamp very

high and the luminous efficiency is about 5 times that of a traditional incandescent bulb.

For example, a 20 W energy-saving light bulb creates a luminous flux equal to

luminous flux of a conventional 100 W incandescent lamp. Thanks to this ratio

energy-saving lamps allow you to save up to 80% savings without loss

illumination of the room familiar to you. Moreover, in the process of long operation from the usual

incandescent bulbs, the luminous flux decreases over time due to burnout of the tungsten

incandescent filaments, and it illuminates the room worse, while energy-saving lamps do not have such a drawback.

Long service life. Compared to incandescent lamps, real (branded)

energy savinglamps last several times longer. Ordinary incandescent bulbs go out

out of order due toburnout of the tungsten filament. Energy-saving lamps, having a different

design and a fundamentally different principle of operation, they last much longer than incandescent lamps in

an average of 5-15 times.

This is approximately 5 to 12 thousand hours of lamp operation (usually lamp life is determined by

manufacturer and indicated on the packaging).

Low heat dissipation. Due to the high efficiency of energy-saving

lamps, all the electricity consumed is converted into a luminous flux, with

this energy-saving lamps emit very little heat.

Great light output. In an ordinary incandescent lamp, light comes only from a tungsten filament.

The energy-saving lamp glows over its entire area. Due to which the light from

energy-saving lamp is soft and uniform, more pleasing to the eye and better

spreads throughout the room.

Choice of the desired color. Due to the different shades of the phosphor covering the body

light bulbs, energy-saving lamps have different colors of light output, it can be

soft white, cool white, daylight, etc.;

b) Disadvantages of energy-saving lamps

The only and significant disadvantage of energy-saving lamps compared to

traditional incandescent lamps is their high price.

c) Power

Energy-saving lamps are made with different power. Power range

varies from 3 to 90 watts. It should be noted that the efficiency factor

energy-saving lamp is very high and the luminous efficiency is about 5 times greater than that of

traditional incandescent light bulb. Therefore, when choosing an energy-saving lamp, it is necessary

follow the rule - divide the power of an ordinary incandescent lamp by five. If you are in your

chandelier or lamp used a conventional 100 W incandescent bulb, you will

dos Just buy a 20W energy-saving light bulb.

d) Light color

Energy-saving lamps are able to shine different color. This characteristic is determined

color temperature of an energy-saving lamp.

2700 K - warm white light.

4200 K - daylight.

6400 K - cold white light.

e) Regarding the ultraviolet component of energy-saving lamps.

glowphosphor,whichcoated lamp tube, occurs in ultraviolet light,

phosphorsimplyincreaseslight output and corrects the emission spectrum (invisible UV

radiationconverts tovisible).

Butultraviolet radiation does not pass through ordinary silicateglass (of which

madelamp tubes). It only goes through quartz. Therefore, even withgiven that

tubesmade of very thin glass, talk about these lamps as a sourceintense UV

radiation is incorrect.

Especially if the lamps are installed in the fixtures.coglassshades, UV radiation is not

can pass through them at all.

So - light output comparable to fluorescent lamps "daylight". Spectrum

corresponding color temperature 4200K is the best. Color reduction

temperature or its increase shifts the spectrum (even so - even so) to a less effective for

photoluminescent charging area.

For a room of 30 sq.m.optimal power for phosphor activation within 10-15

minutes is 26-27 watts.

UV lamps and LED strips.

AT early XIX in. it was found that n the same (by wavelength)violet part of the spectrum

visible light is invisible ultraviolet region of the spectrum.

Wavelengths ultraviolet radiation ranges from 4 10-7 to 6 10-9 m. Most

characteristic The property of this radiation is its chemical and biological action.

ultravioletradiation causes the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect, the glow of a number of substances

(fluorescence andphosphorescence). It kills pathogenic microbes, causes the appearance

tanning, etc. But that's not all!

The uniqueness of ultraviolet illumination lies in the fact that the already bright at

daytime light fluorescent paints, or products in which

fluorescent pigments have been added, under such a tape will glow in the dark! It may

be anything: clothes, interior details, white ceiling and more…

In the same time, the best radiation foractivation of photoluminescent pigments is

range 220-440 nm, peaking at wavelength 356 nm.

That is why any drawing madephotoluminescentpaints (regardless from

the duration of the glow of the photoluminophore onwhose base theymade) in ultraviolet

radiation will be in a stateconstant recharging, and the processes of fading brightness

glow will not be observed.

Modern UV lamp works on the same principle as

conventional fluorescent lamp: ultraviolet radiation is produced in the bulb due to

interactions of mercury vapor and electromagnetic discharges. The gas discharge tube is made

from a special quartz or uviol glasses having the ability to pass UV rays.

Uviolet glass is a more "progressive" solution, it is it that makes it possible to reduce

the formation of ozone, whichHigh concentrations can be harmful to humans.

In Russia, for interior lighting of photoluminescent or fluorescent painting, the best

uvio glass and lamp company Camelion™ .

In terms of power, these lamps range from 6 watts (small furniture lamps or pocket

detectors banknotes) and up to 400 watts (stage spotlights).

In terms of power, these lamps are subject to the same rule as for fluorescent lamps (lamps

daylight).

The shape is standard pear-shaped(like incandescent lamps), can be externally as

energy-saving lamps, or as furniture andwall fluorescent lamps

(size from 33 cm in length, up to 120 cm - standardsize of a large fluorescent lamp).

The most popular room version of the lamp with a power of 26 watts for a standard E27 base

(the shape of the lamp corresponds to energy-saving lamps).

The disadvantages include a gradual decrease in the intensity of the glow of the lamp (one lamp is not enough

for more than three to four months of active operation), the presence of a glass bulb (beating, in

causing the lamp to fail), but the main thing is the inability to use these lamps

outdoors in conditions of high humidity (lamps are not hermetic) and in conditions of low

temperatures (they just won't light up). In addition, they are powered only from 220 volts.

So, to activate the photoluminophor in a room of 30 sq.m. within 5 minutes, we will

a 26 watt lamp (E27 base) is sufficient.

Remember fluorescent ultraviolet lamps in clubs? How often are these lamps

fought!?

The UV LED strip is unbreakable!

Ultraviolet LED strips are designed specifically for highlighting details.

interior, clubs, bars and bar counters, andalso for lighting cinemas!

Small sizeLED strip allows you to embed it inany available niche, for example -

aluminumthreshold of furnitureheadset or glass end!

The tape is self-adhesive, perfectly tolerates temperature changes from -30 C to +50 C. and in

silicone version can be used outdoors in any weather.

It is even allowed to wind it on trees and shrubs adjacent to the facades of buildings, for

illumination of fluorescent outdoor advertising.

Unlike UV lamps, the UV tape can be powered from any 12 Volt source, even

car battery.

If necessary, it can be cut into segments from 5 cm to 0.3 or 0.5 meters and placed so

as needed indoors or outdoors.

So - in the case of using an ultraviolet LED strip,2 running meters of tape

(each of which haspower of 4.8 watts) will be enough to activate the photophosphor in

within 5 minutes.

Optical characteristics

· Total ribbon brightness: 300 lumens

· LED type: 3528 SMD light output 5 lumen power 0.08 watt

· Beam angle: 120 degrees

Tape design

· The strip consists of 60 SMD LEDs.

· Multiplicity of cutting 5 cm (3 LEDs)

· The tape is made on a self-adhesive basis "3M" and does not require additional fasteners

· Light flowfor coil

In 5 linear meters: width 8 m, height 3 m, depth not less than 4 m

Current consumption

Power: 4.8W

Power supply: 12V DC

· Operating current: 0.4A