Room ventilation standards are prescribed in SNiP 41–01–2003, but they are not entirely applicable to baths. Why? Sanitary authorities regulate the frequency of air changes in the premises to ensure a favorable microclimate in terms of temperature and humidity. These indicators in the steam room cannot be called favorable for a long stay of a person, they are rather stressful. In addition, not a single room considered in building codes and regulations requires the fastest possible drying and the fastest warm-up. Ventilation in the bath should maintain the microclimate in the premises under the given conditions with a significant increase in humidity and temperature, and at the same time completely exclude the appearance of drafts.

Another feature of the ventilation in the bath. Its functioning should be independent of external weather conditions, and the actual performance should allow for rapid changes in humidity and temperature. In addition, the technical capabilities of ventilation should allow you to respond as quickly as possible to changes in the microclimate in the steam room, and for this they must have increased power compared to conventional ventilation systems.

Natural ventilation does not allow achieving such results, it is of low power and is highly dependent on weather conditions. In order to guarantee the required modes, forced ventilation is used - air is supplied / removed by special fans.

This is quite an interesting question. We have already mentioned that there are no state regulations for ventilating baths. This is due to the fact that the requirements for steam rooms are very individual, some want to steam in very humid and hot rooms, others prefer moderate values ​​​​of humidity and air temperature. So different meanings microclimates must be installed in the same room using the same ventilation system. Since generally accepted standards do not exist (and cannot exist), then each user of the steam room should be able to “customize” them to fit their requirements. And forced ventilation of the bath will help to do this.

Practice shows that for a quick change in humidity and temperature indicators, six air exchanges per hour are sufficient. From these conditions, the technical characteristics of the fans should be selected. If, for example, the volume of a steam room is 2 m (width)×3 m (length)×2 m (height) = 12 m3, then the fan power should be 12×6=72 m3/h. The dimensions of the air inlet and outlet openings should be selected taking into account the dimensions of the fans. The designers have already provided for this parameter, the greater the fan power, the more installation space is required for it, the larger the inlet or outlet should be.

Prices for heat-resistant fans

heat resistant exhaust fans

How to choose a fan

All household fans are divided into two large groups:

Choose a fan according to the optimal location and power, it is better to make a performance margin - long-term operation of electric motors with maximum load causes their accelerated failure.

It is highly desirable that the fan has several speeds of rotation or, possibly, smooth adjustment of the shaft speed. This will allow you to quickly achieve the optimal microclimate in the steam room. The switch or control panel must be accessible to people in the steam room.

Pay attention to the degree of protection of the case, a very important criterion. The air in the steam room is humid and hot, and these are the most unfavorable conditions for the operation of electric motors. According to European standards, the enclosure must have at least IP44 protection. It is advisable not to install a fan at the air outlet (exhaust ventilation), it will work with the same efficiency at the inlet (supply ventilation). At the air outlet from the steam room, the operating conditions of the fans are the most difficult, there are high risks of breakdowns due to exceeding the critical values ​​of the heating temperature of the insulation of the stator and rotor windings.

The fan grill must have louvers that direct the air flow downwards or disperse it in various directions. If the blinds can change their position - very well, it is always possible to change the direction of the air flow depending on the prevailing circumstances in the steam room.

Important. All work on connecting devices must be carried out with unquestioning observance of the PUE (Rules for the installation of electrical equipment). The electrical wiring of the bath must have independent grounding.

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Bahcivan radial fan

Where to locate the inlet / outlet of forced ventilation

The main condition is that the holes should be located only in those places that guarantee the effective operation of ventilation and exclude the appearance of drafts. Next, you can pay attention to the architectural features of the room and the design look. Do not install fans beautiful places”, if there will be no practical benefit from such an installation for creating a microclimate.

Exit holes. They are made at a distance of 10 ÷ 20 centimeters from the ceiling or in the ceiling. If the hole is under the ceiling, then the air is expelled through the duct in the wall to the street. In our opinion, this is the best option. If the hole is in the ceiling, then the air from the steam room enters under the roof. Advantage - not violated appearance facade walls of the bath. Disadvantage - high risk of waterlogging truss system baths, and this can cause very negative consequences. It is possible to remove moist hot air through the roof covering, but this is costly and increases the risk of leaks on the roof.

Entrance holes. There are three options.

1. The first. If there is a drain floor in the bath, then there is no need to make inlets, the air passes through the cracks of the floor covering.
2. Second. It is allowed to make an inlet at the bottom of the steam room doors, holes are cut out in the canvas and a decorative grill is inserted.
3. Third. The inlet is made in the wall of the bath at a height of about 10 centimeters from the floor. To avoid the appearance of unpleasant drafts, it is recommended to place them behind the stove, but you can choose any other place for yourself, the main thing is that cold air does not immediately fall on those taking bath procedures.

When choosing inlet/outlet openings, the power of the fans must also be taken into account. The more productivity they have, the farther they should be located from people.

And one more piece of advice. Ventilation copes with its tasks much more efficiently if the inlet and outlet are located diagonally across the room or on opposite walls. There is no universal description of the scheme for the movement of air flows in a steam room; there are too many individual room factors that change their movement.

You must ensure that the air moves as evenly as possible throughout the volume of the room. Thus, it will be possible to avoid the formation of “dead” zones unfavorable for washing, increase the uniformity of air heating, accelerate the heating of the room and improve the removal of exhaust air.

What types of forced ventilation baths

Unlike natural ventilation, forced ventilation can be of three types.

1. Supply. Air is forced into the room, removal occurs naturally through the outlets. For a bath, this is the most acceptable option. The cost is available to all developers, quickly mounted, does not require large losses of time for periodic maintenance work.
2. Exhaust. Forced air removal, natural intake through inlets. It is not recommended for a steam room due to the extremely difficult operating conditions of the fans. In terms of efficiency, it is not inferior to the supply one.
3. Supply and exhaust. Both intake and removal of air is forced. It is used only in large buildings with many rooms. for various purposes. Quite complex and expensive ventilation systems are installed only in exclusive baths.

Let us consider in more detail each type of forced ventilation of the bath.

Forced ventilation

The electric fan is installed in the inlet located near the floor. Air under pressure is injected into the steam room, due to the appearance of excess pressure, the exhaust air exits through the outlet. Inlet air is most often located near the floor; to reduce the risk of drafts, they are made behind the stove. Of course, when choosing a specific location for the hole, all the features of the steam room should be taken into account.

Important. The distance between the stove and the hole must completely exclude overheating of the electric fan and power cables nutrition. If a design features do not allow you to safely place the fan behind the stove, then you should choose a different location - under the shelves, on the opposite side of the door, etc. The main condition is that cold air should not create inconvenience for those washing. Try not to place the fan in places where water may splash during washing.

Many builders quite deservedly consider the supply option of bath ventilation to be the most optimal solution. We fully agree with this opinion and recommend it to you for use. Another plus of this method of forced ventilation is versatility. Forced ventilation can be done not only in the steam room, but also in all other rooms of the bath.

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valve for forced ventilation

The fundamental difference is that the fan removes the exhaust air from the steam room, fresh air enters naturally. To increase efficiency, the exhaust duct should be placed under the ceiling. But the installation of an electric fan in these places is associated with great difficulties; for electric motors, operation in conditions of high humidity and temperature is extremely undesirable. If you decide to put the engine at the top, then carefully select the degree of protection of the case. It is not worth saving money on this indicator. It is much more profitable to immediately purchase an expensive, but reliable and well-protected fan, than to replace it several times later.

It is allowed to install an exhaust fan and much lower than the ceiling level. This position slightly improves the operating conditions of the engine, but significantly reduces the efficiency of ventilation. Make a decision yourself, consider your needs, opportunities, desires and features of the room.

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation

It has many options, forced removal and intake can be installed in each room, or in some there is a natural flow of air masses. For this, special holes are made or air passes freely through the existing slots. We have already mentioned that this type of forced ventilation in baths is very rarely installed.

Before starting work, you need to consider the location of the supply and exhaust ducts, determine the power and type of fans. It is necessary to purchase moisture and heat-resistant equipment, low noise, with the ability to adjust the speed of rotation of the blades. Modern increases the pressure of movement and the power of the air flow while reducing the number of revolutions. Due to this, noise is significantly reduced and the durability of the fan operation is increased.

Ventilation ducts can be made of galvanized sheet steel or plastic.

Plastics are preferable, in terms of their physical characteristics they fully correspond difficult conditions operation. Ventilation grilles must match the parameters of the fans, the blinds must break the powerful air flow in different directions or direct it to the floor. If it is possible to independently adjust the position of the blinds - excellent, the possibilities of the ventilation system increase significantly, and the comfort of staying in the premises increases.

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ventilation ducts

Prices for PVC ventilation ducts

PVC ventilation ducts

The installation algorithm for forced ventilation of the bath

Step 1. Choose one of existing methods forced ventilation, draw up a diagram of the location of the opening for supply / removal of air in the steam room. For example, here are some popular air hole patterns. Hand over the markings on the walls, once again carefully evaluate the correctness of the chosen solution. Purchase equipment, prepare tools for installation.

Step 2. Make holes for ventilation ducts. Keep in mind that it is not so easy to make through holes in a finished log house. The thickness of the beams can reach 150 mm, add to this dimension the thickness of the inner outer skin. The total length of the channel in the wall can be 30 centimeters or more, it is difficult to work with a chisel in a long and narrow channel. It is very good if you thought about installing ventilation even at the stage of bath construction, but this rarely happens.

How to make ventilation ducts

There are several ways to make channels, it all depends on what kind of experience you have and what geometry the hole should be in the end. Square holes are harder to make. First, you will have to drill holes of small diameter over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe duct, and then chip the tree with a chisel. Such works may take half a day or more for only one channel. If the wall of the bath is thick, then it is better to make a hole in turn on both sides of the bath.

To drill round holes, you can use a wood cutter (metal crown). It is easier to work with it, the only drawback is the diameter limitation. On sale, you can rarely find a crown with a diameter of more than 120 mm. You should work slowly with a crown; after drilling the contour, you need to remove the wooden jumpers with a chisel. In order to reduce the load on the electric tool, the side planes of the crown should be lubricated with machine oil.

Step 3 If you are using an axial fan, then it is simply inserted into the channel. Keep in mind that the dimensions of the duct must be larger than the dimensions of the fan. Take a set of measures to prevent moisture from entering the crowns of the log house. To do this, use different kinds hydrobarriers, all "uncomfortable" and hard-to-reach cracks can be sealed mounting foam. Excess foam after cooling should be cut off with a sharp knife; it should not reduce the conditional diameter of the channel.

If, for technical or other reasons, it is necessary to use a radial fan for forced ventilation of the bath, then a special place must be prepared for its connection. Protect the installation site from atmospheric precipitation, bring pipelines of appropriate diameters and profiles to it.

Step 4 Connect the installed equipment to electrical network. The wiring diagram depends on the type of equipment and specifications electric motor.

Photo - fan mount

Step 5 Install a fan switch. It must be in an easily accessible place. During electrical work, observe the safety regulations.

To increase the comfort of using the steam room, you can connect the fan to the temperature control unit. Electronics in automatic mode will turn on / off forced ventilation depending on the set temperature values. The second option for automating the ventilation system is used to ventilate the steam room after the bath. The fan in this case works from the timer.

How to check the performance of forced ventilation

We strongly advise you to check the efficiency of forced ventilation even before using the steam room. It is not difficult technically and does not take much time. If problems are found, you will have the time and opportunity to fix them. How to check ventilation?

Bring a smoldering firebrand to the inlet vent and see where and at what speed the air flow moves. Bring the smoking firebrand closer / further away from the hole, in this way achieve maximum visibility of smoke. Air must move through the steam room according to the optimal schemes provided. Pay attention to what obstacles change its direction, whether they can be removed and moved to another place in the steam room.

After you have verified the movement of air masses, make sure that the ventilation is working. Remove the smoldering firebrand from the steam room and find out the time during which the ventilation will completely remove the smoke from the room. In the steam room, his smell should not be felt. This time should not exceed three or four minutes. Conduct experiments on various fan modes, achieve the greatest efficiency of the system.

Do not try to complicate forced ventilation too much, remember that the more complex the design, the greater the likelihood of breakdowns in some place. This rule applies not only to ventilation, but to absolutely all engineering and architectural structures.

It is advisable to provide ventilation holes even during the assembly of the log house. If it didn’t work out, then make holes before facing the outer and internal walls. And this does not work out - get ready for long physical labor. It will be especially difficult to work under the ceiling, cramped conditions do not allow you to take comfortable postures while working with the tool.

Properly equipped ventilation is the key to a comfortable stay in the steam room

Video - Types of forced ventilation

Video - Ventilation in the steam room

The positive impact of regular bath procedures on the body is invaluable. At the same time, a bath is not just healthy, it is also a spiritual pastime, relaxation and gatherings. However, all the benefits will be easily blocked by the difficulties that will certainly appear if there is no effective ventilation in the bath.

Importance of the system

Even in the old days, architects understood that the lack of fresh air in the bathhouse can quickly cause dampness, mold, fungal spores, which inevitably leads to the destruction of the structure. That is why even in ancient times, builders left small gaps between the logs - they contributed to the improvement of air exchange and high-quality ventilation. Today, these primitive technologies have been replaced by modern, efficient systems that require effort, money and time for planning and installation.

Some homeowners skip this stage of work, but this is a very big mistake, because after a couple of years such buildings will simply become unusable due to constantly high humidity, and if the bath is built according to frame technology, then its service life will be even less. The first sign of the destruction that has begun will be a musty smell, which will be most noticeable at the moment the stove is kindled. This will negate any pleasure from the procedure. Being in such a steam room is not only unpleasant, but also quite dangerous for life and health, since carbon monoxide, fungal and mold spores accumulate in the air, which provoke the development of dangerous diseases of the bronchopulmonary system.

Efficient ventilation in the bath must certainly comply with the basic requirements and principles of safety:

• Proper distribution of air masses. As is known from the school physics course, high-temperature air masses rush up, and cold ones, on the contrary, fall. Therefore, the flows should be directed so that the legs do not freeze, and the sunbeds have a comfortable temperature.
• Maintaining a predetermined level of heating in the steam room. Under no circumstances should ventilation interfere with the functionality of the steam room, that is, air cooling is unacceptable.
• The use of waterproof materials. For the arrangement of steam rooms and the organization of ventilation, it is necessary to use materials that are resistant to moisture and elevated temperatures.

The main difficulty in creating an efficient air exchange system is that it is faced with the task of quickly removing hot moist air from all parts of the bath, but at the same time it is required to prevent a decrease in temperature in the hot steam room, so modern systems, as a rule, use the installation of hoods that do not allow cold air to be blown in from outside. The presence of such systems is of fundamental importance for buildings equipped with solid fuel and gas furnaces, since such schemes require a large amount of oxygen to support the combustion process.

How it works?

High-quality ventilation in a steam room consists of airing and completely drying all functional areas, as well as walls, floors, attic and the entire under-roof area. Exhaust openings in the attic are made in the form of small windows, as well as aerators or spotlights - this largely depends on the type of roof and the materials for its manufacture. If the building is insulated, then a counter-lattice is additionally mounted, which allows ventilation to be achieved between the layer of thermal insulation material and other layers of the roofing pie. It is also installed to ventilate wall structures, which is very important to prevent the formation of condensate in the bath.

But for the best drying of the floors, a burst ventilation system is used or a ventilated floor is arranged. Such options should be considered at the planning stage of construction work. To do this, a subfloor is laid and concrete is poured at an angle, then the boards are laid in such a way that small gaps remain between them, through which excessive moisture is removed.

It should be noted that absolutely all bath rooms need airing: a steam room, a sink, a rest room, as well as other rooms. In order for ventilation to be most effective, it is necessary to select in advance such a scheme that will correspond to the characteristics of the bath and the conditions of its operation.

Experienced builders do not recommend complex ventilation systems and recommend giving preference to the simplest and most familiar methods that may be suitable for each individual case. Here, the statement that the simpler the better is 100% true, and at its cost this option will be much cheaper.

The principle of operation of ventilation is based on the laws of physics. As a rule, 2 windows are cut out in such rooms: one of them is responsible for the supply of fresh street air, and the second allows overheated and humid air to come out. How these windows are located in relation to each other depends largely on which zone of the complex and with what intensity the air heated from the furnace will penetrate, since it moves under the influence of cold air masses coming from the street. This explains the fact that in some baths two outlets are cut instead of a single outlet, which makes it possible to redirect heat flows in the desired direction.

Of fundamental importance are the dimensions of the windows, as well as the possibility of full or partial regulation of the clearance. To do this, special valves are fixed on them, allowing you to cover any open slots.

It is very important to make the correct calculations of the window, taking into account the size of the room. If the windows are too large, then the steam room simply cannot warm up to the required temperature and you will have to spend more electricity. And if the windows are too small, then the intensity of the movement of flows will be reduced and a complete supersaturation of the air with water vapor may occur.

The size and location of the ventilation windows primarily affects the ingress and uniform mixing of air, as well as its removal from the overheated room. As for the uneven distribution of temperatures in different parts of the steam room, this phenomenon cannot be completely avoided, but it is possible to ensure that the effect is invisible to visitors to the steam room and washing room and does not cause any discomfort.

Kinds

High-quality ventilation of bath rooms extends the life of the steam room up to 50 years and even more. The variant of the ventilation system in each case is selected individually and is largely determined by the location of the building and the materials that were used in its construction. All the options for arranging ventilation developed to date, according to the basic principle of operation, are divided into natural, forced, and also combined.

natural ventilation assumes that the change of air is carried out due to the unimpeded flow of flows from the outside, their mixing with the air layers of the steam rooms and the removal of the exhaust through special openings.

Forced the system is based on the use of fans. As a rule, they are installed on the hood and much less often on the inflow. Typically, fans are installed not only in the steam room, but also in the washing room, as well as in the rest room.

combined option, as the name implies, it includes elements of natural and forced ventilation.

Among the popular schemes, “bastu” is the most common. It involves the formation of a small opening with an adjustable valve, which works for inflow and is usually located behind or below the furnace.

As additional elements, vents are equipped above the stove, which are controlled by a valve and a valve - it is through them that air enters from the outside through the vents from the underground. Usually the opening of such a box remains closed for some period, however, as soon as there is a need to reduce the level of humidity in the bath, both exhaust valves open. This scheme could be considered ideal if not for some of its limitations. Unfortunately, it is far from suitable in every case, therefore, in some situations, the installation of an exhaust system becomes a more preferable ventilation option - for this, a fan is attached to the bottom of the box. If you install it in the supply hole behind the stove, you can get a supply type of ventilation.

There is another scheme that is quite often used in steam rooms - with it, moist superheated air is removed from the steam room space through the upper and lower openings equipped with valves, and fresh air enters through vents in the floor under the firebox. From the outside of the building, such holes are interconnected by a special ventilation duct. Less often, an exhaust hood is installed in the baths, in which one single channel works for the entry of air jets and one for their removal, while both are equipped at the same height from the floor level: one is placed behind the stove, and the second is opposite on the opposite wall. This system requires mandatory installation of forced ventilation.

The most unfortunate way involves arranging both inflow and exhaust on one side opposite the firebox. In such a system, fresh air coming in from the street seeks its way to the stove and, during its movement, stumbles upon the feet of the steamers. This creates a draft, which significantly reduces the level of comfort from staying in the steam room. However, such an arrangement is also quite common when it is not technically possible to make holes with different parties premises.

materials

The choice of the bath ventilation system is largely influenced by the type of structure and the material from which it is made. If the bath is equipped in a separate building, then it is quite simple to plan and install the most preferred type of ventilation. But if the bath has a common wall with living rooms, then ventilation must be taken especially carefully to prevent waterlogging and rotting of the wall.

The ventilation system in the baths of the second type can only be forced, that is, it must necessarily include a fan, which will help to effectively dry the wall. The ventilation of the bath can be connected to the elements of general house ventilation or independently go outside. Ventilation ducts in frame buildings are equipped directly in the walls, and later they are brought out to the roof or even higher. For maximum air flow, functional air vents are installed in the foundation or a ventilation valve is installed.

The peculiarity of the buildings according to the frame method is that the walls in them are covered with a large number of heat-insulating layers, which completely excludes the possibility of arranging natural ventilation. That is why the best option here would be to create a supply and exhaust ventilation system. In order for the air exchange to be of the highest quality, they use the creation of two channels: one is placed near the floor and supplemented with a fan, it is used for inflow, and the second serves to remove the exhaust air - it is mounted a little higher. The openings of such openings are closed with shutters.

In baths built from gas blocks and foam blocks, due to the individual characteristics of the material, galvanized air ducts are equipped. To do this, they purchase ready-made pipes, some even make them from simple sewer pipes. Some masters create a ventilation duct on their own from galvanized leaves, after giving them the necessary configuration and reliably sealing the joints. As a rule, in such buildings, air ducts are laid over the side walls.

The easiest way to arrange ventilation is in a classic Russian log bath. Here it makes sense to equip a natural exhaust system. If the wood is breathable, gaps are formed between the logs from the floor to the bottom edge, and windows are provided in all the rooms of the bath, then additional ventilation structures will not be required. However, the problem often arises of creating optimal proportions between the air entering from outside and leaving the street. In order to prevent the occurrence of drafts and not to "heat the street", experts recommend additionally insulating the bath well and equipping small holes with special valves inside the thermal insulation material, which serve to enter and remove flows.

In buildings made of wood, the burst ventilation method is often used, in which all windows and doors are opened at the same time.

Brick buildings initially do not provide for the possibility of air exchange, so any natural exhaust is absolutely excluded here. Because of this, ventilation should be planned at the stage of drawing up a construction project. At the same time, it is important to accurately imagine how many bathers will take bath procedures. If the bath is being built for a small family, then you can simply arrange a small supply hole near the stove and an exhaust hole under the ceiling, and if the building is focused on a large company, then forced options should be preferred.

How to make your own?

In order to create comfortable conditions in the steam room and other bath rooms, it is necessary to properly equip the ventilation system. You can spend it in the bath both on your own and with the involvement of specialists. This will require a project of work, materials and tools, as well as a little time and effort.

What will be needed?

For the installation of ventilation ducts in the bath, preparation is needed. In the work you will need components:

• several ventilation valves;
• valve;
• metal grating;
• mosquito net;
• ventilation box;
• corrugated air duct;
• hygrometer;
• fan;

• thermometer;
• metallized adhesive tape;
• collar;
• mounting foam;
• sealant;
• fasteners;
• decorative overlays for facing inlet and outlet openings.

By the way, the latter are widely represented in any store in a variety of colors and textures, so getting the best option will not be a problem. Vent valves are installed on the exhaust and supply openings. They may differ in shape, as well as in size and material of manufacture. Gate valves are used to quickly open or close openings. They are made from a wide variety of materials, and some home craftsmen even make them with their own hands, and in terms of strength and fixation strength, they are in no way inferior to store options.

A grid with a grid, as in ordinary houses, is necessary in order to create a barrier in the way of insects and rodents, whose presence is highly undesirable either at home or in a bathhouse. Most often they are made of metal, but there are options made of heat-resistant plastic.

The box, as a rule, is attached from the outer wall, but if there is no technical possibility for this, it is simply laid along the top. This arrangement is typical for buildings made of aerated concrete. Some make the box on their own, using corrugated pipes for this. Keep in mind that plastic options are not suitable for double rooms, since most types of plastic begin to deform under the influence of high temperatures.

The fan in the steam room is used for both supply and exhaust air. It is optimal if in the room it will work only in the general direction. Such a device should be purchased in a heat-resistant version, which is specially made for Finnish saunas and baths. Thermo and hygrometers are used to make the use of the bath as practical as possible. For example, in systems with forced ventilation, temperature sensors are often installed that analyze the real state of the air and, depending on its performance, open the supply valve or start the exhaust.

Planning for the construction of the steam room

It is optimal if the entire ventilation system is thought out in advance - even at the design stage of the building. To choose the most suitable design, it is worth focusing on some of the nuances of installation work. The ventilation system, as a rule, is laid at the construction stage of the bath, it is at this time that all the necessary channels are laid and openings are formed into which they will later be walled up or to which they will be attached. Adjustable windows themselves are fixed only after work on decorative trim complex.

All ventilation openings usually have an identical size, and if the task is to increase the degree of air outflow, then the exhaust window is made slightly larger than the supply window, but in no case vice versa. The formation of an exhaust hole with a diameter lower than that of the supply one is strictly not allowed, because such a design can pose a threat to the life and health of users.

By all means, dampers and valves must be provided in the system, and the latter are considered the most preferable option, since they allow you to close the holes with the greatest tightness without the formation of any gaps. Adjustable shutters are also important because the air flow depends not only on the size of the window, but also on the season. In winter, when outside the window prevail negative temperatures, cold air masses penetrate the bathhouse more intensively, which is why in the autumn-winter period the windows are partially opened, thereby delaying the entry of large volumes of frosty air masses.

As for the ventilation window, the size of its cross section is calculated based on the volume of the steam room. A standard has been conditionally adopted, according to which the window area must correspond to 24 cm2 for each cubic meter of space. If the calculations are made with violations and deviations in one direction or another, then the room will be too much ventilated, or vice versa.

Even at the design stage of the bath, it should be remembered that ventilation windows should not be located exactly opposite each other at the same level. In this case, warm air masses will not have normal circulation and will not be able to cover all the required areas of heating. Exhaust openings should be located slightly below ceiling level. This is because warm air rises. If the system has an outlet for superheated air flows, then they are effectively removed to the outside, and if the holes are low, then the exhaust air cannot find a place for removal and the general microclimate in the room becomes uncomfortable.

Separately, floor ventilation should be provided, because with constant contact with water wooden surfaces after 3-5 years they lose their performance characteristics, therefore important requirements for a ventilated floor:

• to form the possibility of a flow in the foundation, it is necessary to build small vents;
• the floor should be laid in such a way that there are gaps up to one centimeter in size between the boards;
• the finishing floor must be laid without fail above the level of the blower, which contributes to the fact that the stove starts to work as an additional hood;
• after taking bath procedures, you should leave the front door completely open until the floor dries.

As for the dressing room, it is easiest to equip ventilation here, since there is no direct contact with water in such a room. As a rule, a combined or natural way ventilation, when cool air enters through the supply duct, and is removed using the exhaust mechanism of the steam room, where it enters under the action of the fan.

In addition, the installation of ventilators is allowed here, which may require a connection to the network. electric current and exit to the street .. As for the washing room, forced ventilation is usually built here, and air exchange here occurs with the help of an electric motor.

We organize the hood in an already built bath

Even ancient architects, far from the laws of physics, invented a method of ventilation, which was based on the creation of natural draft. Depending on how the bath was heated - in black or white, it also depended on where the heated air was discharged. In the first case, the stove did not function during direct soaring, so open windows and doors were used for ventilation. The white scheme provides for the construction of a chimney. As already mentioned, the main elements of the air exchange system should be laid at the construction stage, however, there are options when it becomes necessary to equip the hood in an already built building.

To do this, you should punch holes right in the walls and supplement them with special plugs. One hole is punched in the area of ​​​​the furnace blowing, and the second - near the ceiling on the opposite side. Of course, this is easiest to do if the bath is built of logs. If the building is built of aerated concrete, and even more so of brick, then it will be much more problematic to form holes and equip the hood, since in the process of such work it is possible to violate the integrity of the walls at all in the wrong place, and the risk of destruction of the bath as a whole is quite high. That is why you should not independently do ventilation in already operated baths. Entrust these works to professionals who have the necessary skills and special tools. But if you are still determined to do all the work yourself, study the step-by-step guide.

In conclusion, it should be noted once again that the basic principles for creating an effective ventilation system largely depend on the dimensions of the bath and the materials from which they are made. However, in any case, there are a number of requirements that must be observed regardless of the specified parameters. Each steam room must have at least two openings. One is used for inflow, the second - for the removal of air masses. If you plan in advance the hood in the bath under construction, you can avoid serious problems with the installation of the ventilation system, which can cause air exchange problems in the steam room.

It is absolutely unacceptable that the installed ventilation creates the following problems:

A high-quality ventilation system is an indispensable element of the steam room. The absence or improper organization of ventilation in the bath is dangerous to human health. A properly equipped system will protect people from carbon monoxide and improve the comfort of staying indoors. We will talk about the features and technology of installing the ventilation system in the bath later.

Characteristics of proper ventilation for the steam room

Proper ventilation in the bath performs several functions at once:

• provides the room with oxygen;
• improves the comfort of staying in the steam room;
• removes carbon monoxide;
• allows economically expedient to spend firewood;
• evenly distributes air flow;
• protects the building from the formation of mold or fungus.

The best option for ventilation in the bath is supply and exhaust. For these purposes, equip:

• air inlet - through them an influx of fresh air into the steam room is organized, a fan with a ventilation tube is installed, additional air inflow is provided by open windows or through the door;
• exhaust hole - the removal of heated air from the room, through the furnace, blower or devices that improve traction.

To improve the supply and exhaust ventilation system, use various ways. We offer you to get acquainted with one of the most effective ventilation systems:

1. The supply openings are located at the bottom of the room, next to the firebox.

2. Exhaust openings strictly on the opposite side from above. It is possible to organize two holes at once for better air control.

3. The height of the exhaust port determines the draft level. If the vent is low, additionally reinforce the system with a vent pipe.

4. With the help of special dampers, the air supply from the room is controlled.

5. The air in the steam room is renewed every 2-3 hours.

In addition, the individual parameters of the ventilation system are determined by the type of room, the version of the bath. For example, in a Russian bath, periodic ventilation will help renew the air. In addition, the size and location of the installation of the furnace are taken into account; in relation to this parameter, two types of ventilation are organized.

How to make ventilation in a steam room with a separate firebox

We offer a variant of the organization of ventilation in the steam room, the firebox of which is located in the next room. This scheme is popular in ordinary Russian baths. To bring the firebox to an adjacent room, a furnace tunnel is used. Among the advantages of this arrangement of the furnace, we note:

• lack of garbage in the steam room;
• the door to the room opens only at the entrance;
• the possibility of mounting heat-resistant glass for admiring an open flame.

There are two ways to install air inlets in a room:

1. Arrangement of a ventilation duct in the underground space. Removing it in front of the furnace room, installing ventilation grilles on the channel.

2. Floor supply of ventilation.

On the opposite wall, install the hood, diagonally in relation to the air inlet.

The main quality of the organization of proper ventilation is that the supply openings should coincide in area with the exhaust ones.

Ventilation scheme in a steam room with a firebox indoors

If the stove-heater is located directly in the steam room, then the organization of ventilation is different. In this case, air flows through the blower solve the problem with natural ventilation. This method appropriate if the fire in the furnace is constantly.

If there is no chimney in the bath, and the stove operates in a short-term mode, a more advanced ventilation system is used. Familiarize yourself with the technology of arranging the ventilation system in the steam room:

1. Build a special brick podium on which the oven is installed. With its help, a ventilation duct is supplied to the furnace.

2. Lay the ends, build another box of bricks. As a result, the first design is installed at the top of the furnace channel, and the second - to the door of the steam room.

3. On a wall adjacent to a regular room, build doors in the places where the masonry passes. They heat the next room, if necessary.

4. An oven is installed on the podium, it can be mounted on a corner or on steel paintings. Finish the furnace with brick, install a brick screen, with two convection valves.

5. The exhaust ventilation system operates due to the furnace furnace.

Correct installation of the ventilation system is based on its correct adjustment. General rules ventilation system control:

• at the beginning of the furnace furnace, all openings and supply and exhaust are closed;
• wait for the increase temperature regime, then adjust the vents with sliders;
• if it is necessary to increase the volume of oxygen in the room, open the inlet;
• upon completion of work, open the shutters for better ventilation of the steam room.

Steam room ventilation photo:

To determine the temperature and humidity in the room, use special devices. An alcohol or electric type thermometer will help measure the temperature. Please note that the use of the mercury version is strictly prohibited. Use a hygrometer to determine the humidity level.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system is based on the following factors:

• melting the oven, the air is gradually heated and exits through the convection door;
• the lower door remains open until the oven is fully heated;
• close the door from below and work with the top hatch;
• in the process of soaring, only the blower installed on the box opens;
• after using the steam room for its intended purpose, ventilate the room well.

Do-it-yourself ventilation device in the steam room

The main functions of the ventilation system in the bath:

• air supply during bath procedures;
• high-quality room drying.

The ventilation system in the bath should not:

• violate the temperature of the room, in the process of taking bath procedures;
• to separate temperature flows, that is, cool air is closer to the floor, and warm air is from above;
• remove unused air from the steam room.

In addition, the lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of unpleasant air in the room, the formation of mold and fungus, which are harmful to human health.

There are three main types of ventilation in the steam room:

• the natural option is the supply of air flows through the pressure difference;
• mechanical option - air supply using special mechanisms, when measuring these characteristics with instruments;
• combined option - the creation of artificial pressure by fans and hoods.

There are two types of air transport in the room: supply and exhaust. For these purposes, a hole located diagonally with respect to the inlet is equipped.

It is not recommended to install an exhaust outlet in the steam room on the ceiling; this ventilation system increases the warm-up time of the room. It is rational to install the hood under the ceiling, additionally equipping a damper on it to adjust the draft.

In addition, provide a ventilated floor in the bath. Thus, the life of the floor covering is increased, as it is in constant contact with water. Recommendations for the arrangement of floor ventilation:

1. During the installation of the foundation base, ensure the ventilation of the floors, build vents from the basement.

2. On opposite walls, build ventilation holes that provide air flow. Install gratings on them to prevent rodents from entering.

3. The finished floor should be slightly higher in level than the blower is located. Thus, it will function as a hood.

4. Install wooden planks with a small gap, at least half a centimeter.

5. After taking bath procedures, ventilate the room well and dry the floors.

Another way to organize the ventilation system in the bath is “According to Bast”. In this case, fresh air enters the room from the ward space, and exhaust from the hole located near the door. For these purposes, build an exhaust box made of wood, lined with foil inside.

Build a ventilation duct under the floor, next to a metal sheet that prevents heat from entering it. The size of the structure should not exceed twenty percent. Adjusting the flow of fresh air through such a system is quite simple. It is enough to open the vent and blower. In addition, it is possible to avoid the accumulation of an unpleasant aroma in the steam room. This method of organizing ventilation is appropriate if the firebox is located directly in the steam room.

Ways to organize ventilation in the steam room with your own hands

We offer the five most popular schemes for organizing supply ventilation in the steam room:

1. Scheme No. 1.

Install the inlet under the stove 50 cm from the floor, and the outlet on the opposite side, thirty centimeters from the ceiling. The forced movement of air masses is provided by a fan. Thus, it is possible to ensure uniform heating of the air. The height of the first opening regulates the draft force of natural ventilation.

2. Scheme No. 2.

Two ventilation holes are located on the same wall, always opposite the stove. The inlet is installed at a distance of thirty centimeters from the floor, and the outlet is thirty centimeters from the ceiling. Install a fan in the outlet, the cooled air, entering the room, collides with the stove, heats up and exits.

3. Scheme No. 3.

Position the inlet behind the stove, at a distance of about twenty centimeters from the floor. The inlet is installed at the same height, only near the ceiling of the opposite wall. A hood is installed in the second hole. The principle of operation of the system is based on the ingress of cooled air into the steam room, passing through the oven and pulling out the second hole.

4. Scheme No. 4.

This method is relevant for a steam room with a floor that has holes for water to drain. The inlet is installed behind the furnace, and the outlet is a drain pipe through which air is vented to the outside.

5. Scheme No. 5.

Relevant for a bath with a constantly working stove. The inlet is arranged opposite the stove, and the blower with a chimney acts as an outlet

If it is necessary to increase the temperature in the steam room, it is enough to close all the plugs. After taking bath procedures, they are removed. It is quite possible to organize these ventilation schemes on your own, without buying expensive appliances and special material investments.

How to make a vapor barrier for a steam room with your own hands

Vapor barrier in the steam room allows you to maintain the optimum temperature of the room. Create high-quality vapor barrier special materials in the form of vapor-tight films, insulation and waterproofing will help. The film provides protection of the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, while not letting in the moisture that is in the hot air.

Qualitatively equipped vapor barrier and ventilation system increase the service life of the room itself and its exterior finish. Since hot air rises, first of all, vapor barrier the ceiling with high quality.

For these purposes, use lahi, boards, about 6 cm thick. From above, they are covered with aluminum-based foil, cardboard with increased density or waxed paper soaked in drying oil. After fixing one of these materials, the ceiling is finished with clay and insulated.

In addition, vapor barrier ceiling will help edged board. On the boards, cardboard impregnated with drying oil is installed, which is then sheathed with wooden clapboard.

Expanded polystyrene boards are a modern replacement for soft clay, they are distinguished by good thermal insulation and performance characteristics.

As vapor barrier materials for the walls of the steam room use:

• ruberoid;
• aluminum foil;
• glassine;
• film based on polyethylene.

Glassine and roofing material for thermal insulation of the steam room are rarely used. This is due to the fact that with strong heating, they emit toxic substances and unpleasant odors. The steam room is vapor-proofed with special foil materials. Allocate combined methods of vapor and thermal insulation. For example, NPP polypropylene, among its advantages we note:

• excellent resistance to moisture;
• resistance to temperature increase;
• laminated coating prevents the development of mold and mildew;
• combined thermal insulation.

In addition, it is possible to use rolled vapor barrier in the form of rolled foil or fiberglass boards. To seal the joints between vapor barrier materials, use foil tape.

The plates are installed on the ceiling with a small compensation gap of 20 mm. Thus, the effect of moisture on these areas is reduced. Please note that the vapor barrier in the steam room must be securely hidden behind the main finishing material, and a high-quality ventilation system is its complement.

Ventilation in the steam room video:

The scheme of the steam room is such that it maintains a constant high temperature, and the air must be moist, saturated with water droplets. But indoors with such climatic conditions, mold will definitely breed, and combustion processes will be disrupted due to the lack of oxygen, not to mention the fact that people inside will have nothing to breathe. Therefore, it is necessary to design ventilation in the bath. We will talk about it in this article.

Do you need a ventilation system

When building a steam room, novice builders try to fit all the rails and lamellas as tightly as possible, thereby ensuring the absence of temperature losses. This is actually true, but if you do not leave natural openings or artificially created bends, then significant smoke is possible if the stove is powered by wood or coal. Any fuel leaves traces of burning. Carbon monoxide in high concentrations will lead to loss of consciousness and the possibility of death, especially if people in the room are steamed, with unstable pressure, dilated blood vessels.

Required for the following tasks:

• creating the necessary microclimate;
• airing and drying wood so that mold or fungus does not occur;
• the removal of carbon dioxide, there are people in the steam room, so a constant supply of fresh air is needed;
• facilitating the combustion process, for which oxygen is important;
• elimination of unpleasant odors;
• preservation of lamellas and shelves in their original form.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system in the bath

The entire ventilation network can be divided into natural, which is located in the walls, roof and foundation and is laid at the beginning of construction, and forced, which is activated only when using the steam room.

Both types work as follows: the exhaust oxygen is displaced and the space is filled with fresh air. The flow has two ends - inflow and outflow, respectively, you need at least two holes located according to the rule: supply hoods are lower than outflow ones.

Another nuance of the principle of operation - all the gas is taken from where it goes. That is, if the message occurs with the street, then everything should go there. Similarly - if in the next room, which is also possible. If the inlet and outlet are in different temperature conditions, then the flow will not form. However, it is recommended to do the inflow / outflow of air from the street, since even in the dressing room the air will be humid and insufficiently enriched with oxygen.

Proper ventilation in the bath in the steam room

When designing a building, you immediately need to calculate where the mines will go, what diameter they will be. And the holes themselves and the dampers on them are placed directly after facing with lamellas. There are 4 types:

• Finnish - 130mm inflow, 100mm exhaust.
• Swedish - 100mm inflow, 80mm exhaust.
• Russian - 100mm inflow, 100mm exhaust.

The most common solution, alas, is the lack of a ventilation system.

The size of the holes directly depends on what you want to end up with: a Russian steam room or a sauna.

Consider an example calculation. If the steam room is 3 m by 1.5 m with a height of 2.5 m, that is, approximately 10-11 m3, you need a 20 kW stove. In this case, it is better to use a natural type of air exchange - with an air inlet 10 cm from the floor at a distance of 30 cm from the stove, and a diagonal outlet - under the shelves at a height of 80 cm.

At the same time, it should be taken into account: from under the lining, the valve works only in the only closed position or in the open position. It should not be regulated, as it is made airtight, otherwise the steam will leave. Both outlets do not need to have the same radius, but if more efficient and faster circulation is needed, the first one can be made a little larger or two valves can be installed in different places. It is strictly forbidden to make it smaller than the supply device. This is against the safety rules.

It is imperative to make valves on the ventilation openings, which will hermetically adjoin the opening in the closed state - at the time of kindling and heating the steam room. In winter, these doors will be half closed, because the greater the temperature difference, the more air circulates. The hoods should be at the top, and the inflow should be at the bottom. This will allow oxygen to ventilate naturally. The most popular option today: 100 mm - supply, 80 mm - exhaust.

Types of ventilation

Some 5 years ago, no one spoke about the ventilation system in the bath, moreover, many argued that it was not needed in the bath. Enough presence of a window leaf. Times have changed, and now everyone is for ventilation in the bath. There is forced and natural. The chosen option depends on the area of ​​the steam room, climatic conditions, as well as on the desire of the owner.

Natural

It works on the difference in temperature and atmospheric pressure differences inside and outside. This is a very effective and long used method. There is a nuance for arranging such circulation in the steam room. In the most heated room, due to the natural laws of physics, it is difficult to provide uniform heat. Usually the higher, the hotter, and the floors can remain quite cold. The task of the builder is to think over the system so that the draft does not blow on the legs, and unbearable heat does not accumulate on the ceiling. This can be achieved by dividing the flows into two or three extracts.

Forced

it electronic control, which depends on the temperature regime. You can turn the fresh air supply on and off as desired. It can be controlled using a digital device - how many degrees should be maintained throughout the entire time the procedure is taken, as well as what humidity the system needs to be adjusted to.

Typically, such complexes are created for commercial purposes, therefore they are much more expensive than elements for natural outflow, and installation can only be carried out by specialists.

One of the main disadvantages of using electronic systems is the possibility of leaving the fan on, which can lead to ignition of the wiring and fire.

Combined

When buying an electrical device, pay attention that they have the maximum protection of all wires and electronics from moisture.

How to make ventilation in the bath through special products

These are gratings made in the walls at the floor level (20 cm from it) and the ceiling. In this case, it is necessary to achieve the maximum distance from each other, this can be achieved if they are mounted diagonally, for example, one is installed between the door and the stove, the second - on the opposite wall.

Elements for the device of the circulation system, as well as chimneys and tanks for the Russian steam room can be ordered from Ferrum distributors, which are represented throughout Russia. A wide selection and quality of products will help you build a bath complex with your own hands with Ferrum products. can be viewed on the website.

Where to place the cold air inlet

It is located below. You can create it in the wall, but then it is necessary at the design stage to lay a pipe or shaft that will lead inside. In this case, it should be taken into account that fresh air will come from an adjacent room, and, therefore, it should not go out into the street, but into the same room. There is a minus - usually the shelves are installed opposite the entrance structure, and the circulation is felt by everyone present.

Another option involves the installation of air under the sun loungers. In many ways, this is the optimal location - it does not see through, does not spoil the appearance. But just reaching out to it can be difficult to adjust the position of the damper. In such cases, during the bathing procedure, the upper outflow doors are moved, and then both are opened for ventilation.

And another common and winning option is to place the inflow behind the stove. This simultaneously promotes circulation and heating of coals. But there are a few "buts" - sometimes the stove is installed in the wall, then there is simply no way to organize a damper there. And one more thing - because of the intense heat, plastic doors will melt here and wooden doors can start to ignite, so only metal ones will do.

With the output outflow is easier, it can be mounted:

• in the ceiling, but then you will have to make an additional box for output through the roof, because if the damp steam is in the attic, the wooden rafters will rot;
• in the wall - the best option, it is laid even at the time of the construction of the building.

How to make ventilation in a steam bath: hole sizes

The exact size of the airflow depends on humidity, temperature difference, minimum and maximum values. Experience suggests that the most optimal non-parameters are 10-15 cm, if desired, the outflow diameter can be increased, while flow systems cannot be larger.

In this case, it is necessary to install dampers. It is with their help that you will achieve the required radius when weather conditions change.

It is a common misconception that a person does not have enough oxygen to breathe if the supply is too small. This is not true. To an ordinary person one cubic meter of air is enough for 1.5 hours.

Floor ventilation device

Why it's important: Wood flooring is affected by a number of factors, with moisture coming in from below, from the ground and foundation, and from above, from steam. Plus, condensation builds up. Such conditions are favorable for the onset of decay and for the spread of fungi and mold.

The most effective is the installation of vents under the floorboards. At the same time, there is no draft and the system can be used in the process of taking bath procedures. Another plus - ventilation occurs as if from the inside. That is, when airing, the upper part of the floor covering dries, and when the hood is running, the lower part dries.

To make this as productive as possible, when draining the steam room, take it to the side so that moisture does not spread under the floorboards.

Ventilation of the foundation of the bath

If you already take care of this when laying the foundation, then you will not have rot and mold in the construction. Air vents with a diameter of 110 mm or more should be installed on all four sides. This will ensure acceptable circulation even if the bath complex is located in the middle of other buildings. It is best to lay these pipes opposite each other.

Ventilation of various auxiliary rooms

The rest of the rooms should also have their own circulation.

Attic

A gable window is not enough, as steam often enters this space and can negatively affect the rafters. It is optimal to arrange the inflow under the roof canopy, and the outflow - on the ridge. So the flows will pass from bottom to top on both sides.

Washing

For the organization of air exchange, forced ventilation is most often used, which directs the flows towards the vestibule.

Ground floor

Owners of private houses can use the basement for a bath. It's possible, but it comes at a cost. Now the integrity of the whole house depends on the safety and efficiency of the circulation system. Already at the design stage of the building, it is necessary to provide for the distance between the walls and the insulation, otherwise condensate from the temperature difference will accumulate on the surface.

It is required to create forced ventilation, since natural ventilation cannot be provided due to the impossibility of installation near the floor (after all, it is underground). We recommend entrusting this issue to professionals.

shower room

Taking into account the fact that in the rest of the rooms there is already an inflow and outflow of oxygen, it is enough to design air from the fans in the ceiling or at the top of the wall so that the unpleasant smells of dampness come out. You should also do if the bath complex has a toilet.

dressing room

Here, you should also take special care of the circulation of air flows, since due to the close proximity to the steam room, a strong temperature difference and condensation on the walls form in the room. Similarly, the intake-outflow option is suitable. You can also arrange windows that allow you to quickly ventilate.

How to arrange ventilation in the bath and steam room - calculation of the scheme

We have already said about the standard value: 1 cubic meter of space requires 24 cubic centimeters of bends. When choosing pipes, they often stop at pipeline pipes - they are inexpensive and effective, but we recommend assembling such a system from Ferrum stainless chimneys, they have a long service life and do not deteriorate from constant interaction with moisture. The standard diameter is 10 centimeters. So, the cross-sectional area is 78.5 cm2. One such box is enough for 3.27 m3 of room volume.

We calculate the number of cubic meters. Suppose that the steam room has dimensions of 2 by 2 m2, the ceilings are also 2 m high. We multiply everything, we get 8 m3. We divide this by 3.27=2.45. Round up to three. As a result, you need to organize 3 boxes with a diameter of 10 cm for the entire steam room.

Ventilation device

There are several solutions:

• The location of the window next to the stove or under it. At least 25-35 cm should remain above the floor. In this case, the flow moves down, then rises along the opposite wall.
• Both holes are on the same surface, which is not recommended, but occurs. Then, be sure to install a fan on the hood. This is true when the steam room has only one wall facing the street, and the rest are adjacent to residential areas.
• The cracks in the flooring, if you have a multi-layered leaky floor, can draw in air, pass it through the space under the covering, and then return it up again. This ensures good ventilation of the floorboards.
• If the inflow is located opposite the stove, then it will work only if the heating is on.

All these types are presented schematically in the picture:

In the article, we talked about how to properly ventilate the bath, showed diagrams and explained the structure of the steam room. Design your bath complex together with high-quality products from Ferrum. On the site you will find chimneys and accessories for arranging a bath. Bathe in pleasure with Ferrum.

Useful videos

Russian bath is very beneficial for health. The fundamental point in its construction is well-equipped ventilation in the bath in the steam room. In this room, as a rule, very high temperature and humidity. Properly organized air circulation is a necessary condition.

Often, many homeowners doubt whether ventilation is needed in the bath in the steam room. The proposed material will allow you to correctly answer this question and solve all the problems with the arrangement of ventilation without much difficulty and without significant material costs.

Ventilation in the steam room is necessary for air circulation

Why do you need ventilation in the steam room

Proper ventilation of the sauna steam room helps to solve the following problems:

• maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature;
• health safety;
• preservation of wood used for interior decoration steam room.

Ventilation products in the steam room help to regulate the temperature, and keep the wood from dampness and fungus longer

If the ventilation of the steam room in the Russian bath is not properly equipped, the appearance of such negative factors as:

• rapid cooling of heated air;
• accumulation of gases during the adoption of procedures;
• premature decay of finishing materials;
• the appearance of harmful microbes, bacteria, mold, fungi;
• bad smell.

The proposed material will describe in detail what should be properly organized ventilation in the steam room of the bath, video and photo materials will clearly illustrate all the key points.

Basic principles of steam room ventilation

A specific scheme for arranging ventilation is usually selected taking into account the architectural features of the building itself, the size, number of rooms, etc. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the basic principles for arranging ventilation systems for steam rooms in Russian baths. If they are violated, various negative phenomena can occur that create a serious threat to the health and life of vacationers.

The fresh air inlet is located just above the floor level. In order for the incoming air to warm up immediately, the inlet is located in the immediate vicinity of the furnace.

The outlet for used air is located under the ceiling. The main thing is that the inlet and outlet for air be equipped on opposite walls.

Important! Under no circumstances should these holes be placed at the same level! The air in the interior space will not fully circulate. There will be a temperature difference that creates a serious health hazard.

The dimensions of the inlet and outlet holes are identical. They are selected depending on the dimensions of the internal space of the steam room. For 1 cu. m of air requires 24 cm of pipe diameter. If necessary, arrangement of additional air outlets is allowed.

The ventilation of the steam room is arranged in such a way that the exhaust air is completely replaced every 3-4 hours. This is required by sanitary and fire safety standards.

The vent in the bath is equipped with valves to regulate the air flow

The ventilation device in the steam room of the bath requires the mandatory placement of a valve system. You can use special blinds for this. This will allow you to control the amount of air entering and exiting. If necessary, the bath can be heated or cooled very quickly and without much difficulty.

You need to think about how to make ventilation in the steam room of the bath already when drawing up a project. This will allow you to correctly place all ventilation pipes, openings, etc. during construction. This will allow you to properly equip the mines, lay pipes and perform all other work. It will be much more difficult to equip the air circulation system after the completion of construction work.

Before building a bath, it is necessary to consider the location of the ventilation ducts in the bath

Varieties of ventilation systems for the steam room

Ventilation in the bath in the steam room (see photo) is used in 3 types - natural, forced (i.e. mechanical) and combined. The choice of a particular system is made taking into account factors such as:

• the size of the steam room and the dimensions of the building as a whole;
• it is possible to correctly place the exhaust pipes;
• the material from which the bath was built;
• use of the bath all year round or only in the summer season.

Warm air is lighter than cold air. Therefore, with properly equipped ventilation in the bath in the steam room, heated flows rise to the ceiling and are gradually drawn out through the vent. The air coming from the outside is immediately heated from the stove and passes into the room without creating a temperature difference. Here is the basic principle by which ventilation works in the bath in the steam room.

natural ventilation

The natural ventilation system provides air exchange due to different levels of pressure and temperature in the internal space (in the steam room) and outside, i.e. on the street. When the exhaust air exits through the outlet, the internal atmosphere in the room is discharged, creating conditions for drawing in cold air through the bottom inlet. In this case, special attention should be paid to the insulation of the bath. Otherwise, high-quality heating will not work.

Natural ventilation in the steam room frame bath it is most often used for small buildings built from breathable material, i.e. from wood. Additional elements The ventilation system in this case becomes small gaps in the log walls. The main advantage of natural ventilation is its low cost.

Forced and combined ventilation

A mechanical or forced ventilation system in a bath in a steam room is necessary if:

• the total area of ​​the bath is large;
• the building was built of brick, cinder blocks, stone;
• the steam room is very large;
• exhaust pipes cannot be placed correctly;
• heavy duty oven.

Do-it-yourself forced ventilation of the steam room of the bath is mounted without any problems. It uses:

• fans;
• supply valves;
• deflectors.

Forced ventilation in the bath is suitable for large rooms

Nuance! The ventilation system in the bath in the steam room, heated with a geyser, requires the arrangement of a separate ventilation duct.

The combined ventilation system is equipped using elements of both systems described above. Fresh air enters naturally, i.e. through the lower inlet. Extraction of exhaust air masses is provided by mechanical devices.

How to choose a steam room fan

A classic duct-type fan for a steam room is not suitable. High temperature and humidity are detrimental to such devices. In the steam room, fans of a special design are used. The material for their manufacture is glass-filled polyamide. Such models are resistant to moisture and can withstand temperatures up to 130 ° C.

Glass fiber reinforced polyamide is an ideal material for steam room fans

The fan model is selected in accordance with the technical specifications.

It should be remembered! Ordinary room fans can only be used for the final drying and airing of the steam room after the adoption of procedures and subsequent cleaning.

In the presence of Money you can install a self-regulating system for ventilation in the bath in the steam room. This device will automatically provide air inlet and outlet, temperature, humidity level. It is advisable to purchase such systems only from trusted manufacturers.

Basic schemes

What can be the ventilation in the steam room of the bath, the diagram, video and other materials attached below will show clearly. You just need to choose 1 of the 4 attached options and correctly perform all the necessary work.

According to scheme A, the fresh air inlet is arranged below the stove. The outlet channel is mounted on a directly opposite wall under the ceiling.

The exhaust pipe is installed vertically. Its length is calculated so that the upper edge of the pipe rises slightly above the roof ridge. This will ensure the normal functioning of the ventilation system during strong winds.

Scheme A of the location of ventilation in the bath

Properly selected sizes of pipes for exhaust air will ensure the natural circulation of air masses. Additional adjustment is provided by the installation of dampers.

The use of scheme B is assumed only if only 1 of the walls of the steam room can be used for arranging ventilation. Air openings are located opposite the heater. The inlet hole is raised 30 cm from the finished floor. The outlet window is lowered 20 cm from the ceiling.

Scheme B Arrangement of ventilation ducts in front of the heater

The air passing through the bottom inlet is heated by the furnace and rises in the direction of the air outlet. Mechanical pulling devices are necessary for the normal functioning of the system.

According to scheme C, it is possible to provide ventilation not only for the steam room, but also for the underground space. The inlet hole is arranged in the wall behind the heater. It must be raised above the finished floor by 20 cm.

Scheme C with air supply under the floor of the bath

The heated supply air passes into the basement through the cracks of the leaking floor. Then it returns to the steam room and moves towards the exhaust opening. From here, the exhausted air masses go outside.

For a constantly used bath, ventilation according to scheme D can be used. In this case, the inlet is arranged at the bottom, but opposite the stove, and not behind it, as in other options. Height above the floor - 20 cm. Extraction of exhaust air is provided by means of a blower and a chimney.

In order for the ventilation in the bath in the steam room to work effectively, it is necessary to choose the right location for the stove. It is most convenient to equip it inside the steam room. If the stove is located in an adjacent room, the efficiency of the ventilation system and the heater itself will be noticeably lower.

Preparatory work

To arrange ventilation in the steam room, it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

• brick and/or stone;
• cement and sand;
• ventilation ducts;
• finished valves or material for their manufacture;
• a metal sheet;
• lining for lining the box;
• fixing material - nails, screws, self-tapping screws.

To work, you will need the following tools:

• hacksaw;
• Bulgarian;
• a hammer;
• screwdriver;
• tape measure, level, plumb;
• construction mixer;
• drill or perforator;
• a set of spatulas;
• container for mixing the solution;
• technical knife;

Work is best done in special clothing. Wear gloves and a respirator if necessary.

Supply ventilation installation

The inlet channel for supplying fresh air is located in the immediate vicinity of the furnace of the sauna stove. It is desirable that the inlet is located above a sheet of metal sheathing that protects the wood from the accidental ingress of small coals.

First of suitable material you need to make a box. Its dimensions should exceed the dimensions of the chimney by about 20%. The outer opening of the box is located on outer wall. It is undesirable to place it in the basement.

If the firebox is located in the actual steam room, a convection box is additionally equipped. At the wall in which the air inlet is located, you need to lay out a podium of bricks placed “on edge”. They are laid out in 3 rows - under the wall, in the middle and on the edge.

The masonry for the oven is arranged to a height of 25 cm. It must be brought to a brick screen and must be blocked. In order for the newly incoming air to pass directly into the furnace, it is better not to lay the last 2 bricks. The butt is lined with bricks.

The convection box is mounted to the end. At the end, a blower is equipped. Under it is a protective substrate for the safety of the floor covering.

When the podium is completely ready, you can start installing the furnace. To evenly distribute the load, it is desirable to use a corner made of metal.

After the final installation, a stone or brickwork. To form a gap, it is moved 5-6 cm from the furnace. Next, a special screen is installed. It needs to form holes for the passage of hot air.

Installation of outflow ventilation

The outflow box is installed diametrically opposite from the inlet. It is raised above the finished floor by 30 cm. The inner area of ​​the box is approximately 1.25 m².

Through the wall, the outflow duct is led to the ceiling and an external outlet is equipped for it. You can remove the exhaust air to an adjacent room. In this way, it will be possible to warm it up without extra costs.

Outflow ventilation can be placed on top of the ceiling

To avoid accidental burns, the chimney box must be lined with a brick or stone casing. At the same time, a special hole with a door must be left below, which will be a blower. An additional hole, equipped on top, will allow the chimney to be used as a heat pump, this will create both heating of the room and proper air circulation.

How to ventilate a Russian bath

The correct ventilation device in the steam room of the Russian bath does not involve the use of any mechanical devices. Otherwise, the heated air will be expelled very quickly. Efficiency and pleasure from bathing procedures will decrease significantly.

In the Russian bath, natural ventilation is used, where the outflow of air is carried out through the window.

Therefore, the Russian bath must be carefully cleaned, ventilated and dried after each use. For ventilation, a special window is installed in the wall opposite the door. You can use a mechanical extractor. The door must be kept open for ventilation.

It is necessary to remove leaves from brooms and random objects from the beds. Then you need to wash all surfaces and dry them with towels and / or a special absorbent cloth. This will protect against the formation of mold and the reproduction of harmful microorganisms. After cleaning, airing and drying, the steam room is ready for further use.

The steam room in the Russian bath is combined with a washing room, so it needs to be dried after each use

How to warm up a Russian bath

First you need to fire up the oven. The outlet openings must be kept closed. Only input opens.

Having warmed up the room to the desired temperature, you need to open the valve of the lower air outlet pipe. This will ensure proper air circulation. The temperature will not drop.

In order to warm up the stove, it is necessary to open the valve in the stove of the Russian bath

Passing into the box from below, the heated air will gradually displace cool air masses to the outlet. When passing through the box, they will provide additional heating of the room. In parallel, the ventilation of the steam room will also take place.

If ventilation is not working properly

During the use of the steam room, it is necessary to periodically check the health of the ventilation system. With good air circulation in the steam room, it is always easy to breathe, the body heats up evenly, the temperature and humidity are maintained at the required level.

If the ventilation in the bath in the steam room was installed incorrectly or became unusable over time, signs such as:

• abundant condensation on vertical surfaces;
• mold, especially in the corners;
• putrid smell;
• uneven air heating;
• drafts;
• slow setting of the required temperature;
• excessively rapid heat loss;
• an unpleasant internal atmosphere that makes it difficult to breathe.

Mold in the steam room indicates a lack of ventilation

If at least 1 or 2 of the above factors are present, then the ventilation in the bath in the steam room is not properly equipped. Another option is clogging and / or damage to the system, the need emergency repairs and / or thorough cleaning of individual elements or the ventilation system as a whole.

Clogging of ventilation ducts disrupts its operation

From the foregoing, it becomes clear that it is inexpensive and not very difficult to properly ventilate the steam room of the bath. However, this requires careful observance of all technologies. The attached video "How to make ventilation in the steam room of the bath" will help to avoid mistakes.