Diseases of fruit trees and their treatment pear. Bacterial pear burn: treatment

Due to diseases of the leaves, root or bark, the pear may completely cease to bear fruit. The causative agents are various fungi, viruses, bacteria.

Various pear diseases can very quickly destroy even an adult tree, leaving the gardener not only without a crop, but sometimes without a plant at all.

It is best to plant pear varieties resistant to various diseases and pests on the site. In addition, you need to know how and with what you can save a tree from diseases.

Fungal and viral diseases can affect not only the leaves and fruits of the plant, but also the trunk and root system.

The main ways to combat diseases are the right way to care for regular spraying for prevention. Proper and timely treatment with detected symptoms of the disease will help prevent the death of the fetus.

And in order to correctly diagnose the disease, you need to know the symptoms - this will help in treating the plant and saving the crop.

Most often, one infected tree in the garden becomes a breeding ground for the disease for other trees. Having found a pathogen on any tree, all trees will have to be treated for preventive purposes.

Scab, or the fungus Fusicladium pirinum, can equally affect pear and other fruit plants.

Symptoms:
The leaf plate on the reverse side becomes stained with scab damage. They are dark green in color and covered with a coating on top.

This raid is a colony of mushrooms. Developing, the disease spreads to ripening fruits. Scab-affected pears are dotted with black spots. Over time, the peel on them begins to crack, and the flesh in the affected areas becomes hard.

The best prevention is treatment with Bordeaux liquid. For this purpose, the pear is processed three times. The first time - with the appearance of the first greenery on the tree. The next time - as soon as the buds turn pink, and the third time - spray the plant after flowering.

Fresh air, getting to the trunk, is also the prevention of such a disease in trees. Too dense crown at the pear prevents the flow of air. It is necessary to regularly thin out the crown, cutting off excess branches. Places of cut after thinning must be treated with garden pitch.

Roots also need air. To do this, carefully loosen the soil near the trunk circle. Do not neglect sanitary cleaning, regularly collect fallen fruits and leaves.

At the end of the season, it is better to burn all the collected garbage away from the trees. Scab-infected trees with the advent of autumn should be treated with Nitrafen or Dnok paste.

Scab-resistant varieties of pears: Muratovskaya, Yanvarskaya.

If the pear leaves turn black, then this is most likely a plant damage by a sooty fungus. The black coating that may appear on the leaves in mid-summer looks like soot.

The sooty fungus waits out the winter under the bark of a plant or among fallen leaves, and with the advent of spring it begins to look for new victims.

Leaves turn black on a pear, video:

Control and prevention:

Insecticide "Calypso" - used to prevent blackening of pear leaves, it destroys insects and vectors. To curb the spread of the fungus in the complex, the Fitover fungicide is used.

Resistant variety: "Cathedral".

Powdery mildew is carried by marsupials. The manifestations of the disease are very characteristic, not similar to other diseases. The appearance of powdery mildew in the form of a white powdery coating can be seen with the appearance of young leaves on the trees.

Then the white bloom begins to acquire a red color, and soon the diseased leaves and inflorescences dry up and fall off.

For young shoots, this is a real disaster, they are attacked by entire colonies of these mushrooms.

Prevention and methods of struggle:

Dried and diseased branches and leaves are immediately removed and then burned so as not to spread the infection. It is very effective to periodically use the preparations "Fundazol" and "Sulfite".

There are also folk ways fight against powdery mildew on a pear.

To treat trees from powdery mildew, a special solution is prepared. For 10 liters of water add 50 grams of soda ash and 10 grams of liquid soap.

It is also possible to use a weak, 1% solution of potassium permanganate, which is sprayed on trees.

Pear varieties "Moskvichka" and "Duhmyanaya" are considered resistant to powdery mildew disease. The variety "January" is also good.

Leaf rust is a disease so serious that it can even kill a pear. Rust is caused by the fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae.

It is very curious that this mushroom uses two plants for life and reproduction: a pear and a juniper. Mushrooms wait out the winter in a juniper bush, and with the advent of spring they settle on a pear tree.

Colonies of these mushrooms will easily destroy the entire pear crop. Rust must be dealt with immediately.

Symptoms of the disease:

Settling on juniper, rust affects literally all parts of the plant. Most often, this disease for juniper is chronic. Lesions on the bush appear in the form of wounds and swellings. And the large jelly-like orange shoots are the mycelium that has settled on the plant.

With the arrival of spring warmth, in wet weather, the spores of this fungus move to the pear. The infection spreads quite quickly and infects foliage and fruits.

On pear leaves, rust appears as rounded red spots. Spots appear shortly after pear blossoms, usually in late April.

Gradually spreading, by mid-summer the disease can affect almost all foliage. Then black dots appear on the spots themselves. The disease reaches its greatest development by autumn, when the red spots swell, and processes crawl out on them.

It is in these processes that spores of fungi live, which then look for another juniper bush for themselves in order to repeat the whole circle again with the beginning of spring.

Prevention:

The main way to prevent this disease on a pear is to eliminate the source of infection. To do this, cut and destroy the diseased parts of the juniper.

How to deal with rust

First, all infected parts of the plant must be removed. It is necessary to cut the branches alive, 10 centimeters below the sore spot.

The affected areas must be cleaned with a knife to healthy wood.

Wounds are carefully treated with a 5% solution of copper sulphate for disinfection.

After that, the cutting site is treated with garden pitch.

Secondly, with the beginning of spring, spraying with Bordeaux liquid, a 1% solution, is carried out. Copper chloride can be used instead.

The second spraying is carried out at the beginning of flowering, and after a week the spraying is repeated. Ten days later, the last, fourth spraying is carried out.

You can also spray with a solution of copper sulfate instead of Bordeaux liquid. Count on 10 liters of water 50 milliliters of the drug.

Rust-resistant pear varieties: Nanasiri, Sunyani, Chizhovka.

Bacterial pear blight

Most often, the cause of the formation of black leaves in a pear is a bacterial pome burn. The disease is very dangerous for such trees.

You can get rid of the disease only with an integrated approach. The pathogenic bacterium is carried by insects, spreads with gusts of wind and rain through the air.

Symptoms of the disease:

The first signs of the disease can be seen when the pear begins to bloom. The flowers wither, change their color, and the leaves turn black and curl.

Then the inflorescences rapidly lose their appearance, become brown and shriveled. The tree's bark begins to flake and die.

Bacterial burn is spreading rapidly. Weakened and young trees can quickly die. Stronger and healthier

plants will not be able to bear fruit for several years, and only then their functions will be restored.

How to treat

Affected branches should be amputated immediately. You will have to cut it off alive, taking about another 20 centimeters of living tissue.

Folk recipes

Some gardeners use the following treatment method: lubricate the wounds on the pear with an antibiotic solution. To do this, 2.5 tablets of rifampicin or gentamicin are diluted in a liter of water and the wounds are carefully treated.

The remaining medicine is used to spray the entire plant. In the spring, all the trees in the garden are treated with Bordeaux liquid.

For the entire growing season, 8-9 sprays should be carried out.

Tree cuts can be treated with fungicides. For this, 1% copper sulfate and 0.7% iron sulfate are suitable.

All living things get sick from time to time, including a pear. On his site, every gardener is to some extent both a worker and an agronomist, as he must understand the basics of caring for fruit trees: know the signs of pear disease, methods and preparations for treating pear trees. In addition, it is important for a good gardener to know about leaf-and-fruit-eating pear pests in order to detect them in time, take timely preventive measures and effective fight with them.

In this publication, we will figure out how to determine the onset of the disease of pear trees, what to do for prevention, and how to treat if the pear is still sick, how to protect the pear from pests if they have already started in the garden.

Pear pests and measures to combat them

Pear pests all of general list pests of fruit trees and plants. And let's start with the most common and quite dangerous and numerous pear pest - the pear moth, which affects the fruits.

Cydia pyrivora, a butterfly of the leafworm family, lays its eggs on future pear fruits, from which larvae appear, which penetrate into the ripening fruit. They cause significant damage to a ripe pear and such fruits are completely unsuitable for storage. Summer pear varieties are more vulnerable to pear codling moth, since in late varieties ripening is postponed to a cool season - when the worm turns into a caterpillar, it will not have time to pupate.

In the fight against this pest, such preparations as "Agravertin", used before and after flowering, the drug "Kinmiks", which need to process the pear on the 20th day after flowering, showed themselves well, and a month after flowering, it is necessary to carry out the final treatment with "Iskra ".

All listed chemical protection products are supplied with instructions for use, which must be used in order to achieve a successful result and safety for the gardener. Nobody canceled the universal preventive measure - the autumn disposal of fallen leaves, which is better to burn.

The chemical protection drug "Karbofos" will help prevent their invasion. re-sprayed aqueous solution after the flowering of the tree with the preparation "Iskra", "Agravertin" is also suitable. lovers folk remedies biosecurity will help decoctions of yarrow, tobacco dust, pharmacy chamomile or dandelion.

leaf roller

This pest is spread by a butterfly that sows a pear with its offspring, monstrously voracious, able to wrap itself in leaves to continue its life activity, folding them into a tube, and the leaves decrease in size.

Treatment against this pest is carried out even before bud break, spraying with an aqueous solution of the Tsimbush chemical preparation.

Mining moths cause significant damage to pears, the hawthorn circle moth is the strongest.

The pear flower beetle, similar to the apple tree, which lays its eggs, which can survive even a frosty winter, is dangerous for the yield of pear fruits in the fall.

In the spring, larvae are selected from them, which gnaw out flower buds, which entails a significant loss of yield. Bark beetles, pear fruit sawflies, weevils and other insects are also harmful.

This pest is very well adapted and can overwinter in dried bark and even between bud scales. With spring warmth, the gall mite moves to the inside of the leaves that have appeared and feeds on their juice, where swellings (galls) appear at the site of the lesion.

The tree is saved by spraying with an aqueous solution of colloidal sulfur, according to the instructions.

Diseases of pear trees

The best season for diagnosing tree diseases is spring, when the delicate foliage turns yellow, can become covered with bloom, dry out and fall off. The causes of such an ailment need to be understood in order to provide the tree with timely and proper assistance. Unfortunately, the pear is prone to a number of diseases.

Powdery mildew on pear

This ubiquitous and omnivorous disease annoys the pear, affecting its young shoots and leaves; fruits and inflorescences - very rare. Affected shoots not only slow down their development, but also become deformed and can dry out.

The petals of pear inflorescences are covered with a white coating of powdery mildew, fall off, and ovaries do not appear on the remaining ones. High humidity during warm weather contributes to the rapid spread of the fungus. Powdery mildew can destroy up to 80% of the crop.

The fight against powdery mildew should begin with preventive measures: with the elimination of affected shoots, fallen leaves, with spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur in spring and autumn. As with any disease, all agrotechnical measures must be strictly observed.

Fruit rot. Moniliosis

The fungal disease moniliosis affects ripening fruits, intensifying by the middle of the summer period. It is manifested by the appearance of small brown spots on the fruit, which gradually grow, covering its entire surface.

Pear fruits affected by this disease do not fall off, but remain on the branches, becoming a source of spread of this dangerous fungus with the help of natural air movement. Fruits affected by moniliosis should not be eaten.

To prevent the spread of this disease will help to collect all the affected fruits, fallen and still hanging on the branches, for their complete destruction, and spray the tree in spring and autumn with copper chloride or Bordeaux liquid.

Stem rot affects weakened trees, regardless of their age. It can be provoked by sun or frost burns, moisture deficiency and some agrotechnical violations. The bark of the affected tree becomes dark red and eventually dries out completely. Pears are especially vulnerable to cytosporosis.

As soon as the first signs of this dangerous fungal disease appeared and the cambium did not have time to suffer, it is necessary to resort to removing the lesions with a sharp garden knife, and treat the remaining wounds immediately with garden pitch or an aqueous solution of copper sulphate.

In addition, immediately eliminate the causes that contributed to the occurrence of stem rot. As a prophylactic, autumn whitewashing of trunks works well, treatment of mechanical damage to trunks, if any, and timely removal of dried branches.

Scab on pear leaves and fruit

This is the most dangerous disease of fruit trees, in which the entire pear tree is completely affected. Without timely and proper treatment, infected trees are doomed to death. The emergence and development of scab can occur during prolonged heavy and cold rains. In addition, closely planted nearby pear trees that interfere with each other's normal ventilation can also get sick with scab.

Initially, the leaves of the tree are covered with small spots, gradually growing from 2-3 millimeters to 2-3 centimeters. If the damage is significant, then the fruits of the pear will be small and few, possibly covered with dark spots that can merge into large velvet spots. As a result, the fruits harden, crack and become completely unsuitable for food.

Like any other disease, scab is easier to prevent than to fight it and lose crops. In the autumn, be sure to collect and burn the fallen leaves, and in the spring, spray with Bordeaux liquid and a seven percent solution of urea with the treatment of near-stem soil.

Rust on pear leaves

A pathogenic microscopic fungus, the causative agent of this pear disease, infects the foliage, staining it with bright orange spots. With further spread of rust, the foliage may completely fall off. A severe consequence of this disease is the weakening of the tree's immunity when it becomes susceptible to other diseases.

If a juniper grows on your site, then most likely it has become a carrier of the mycelium of the rust fungus - it is better to part with it. Infection with this fungus can be avoided by preventive spraying with Bordeaux liquid and colloidal sulfur in the fall after leaf fall and in the spring - along the kidneys. A mandatory preventive measure is the destruction of infected fruits, leaves and branches.

This disease is also called "Antonov's fire." The bark, skeletal branches, foliage and even fruits suffer from it. Initially, it manifests itself as small wounds, similar to spots, increasing in the course of the disease. Bright brown spots appear along the edges of these wounds.

The red spots that appeared on the leaves are already a sharp signal of the defeat of black cancer. This fungal disease is called this because of the appearance of black rot on the fruits over time, which can subsequently decrease in size and mummify.

This infection is able to infect all the fruit trees in the garden, and therefore the fight against it must be total, otherwise you can lose all the fruit trees. It is necessary to fight these dangerous diseases, starting with their prevention:

in autumn, collect and burn fallen leaves;
areas of tree bark affected by black cancer are cut off with sharp garden knives, grabbing at least a two-centimeter layer of healthy wood;
all wounds remaining after such pruning should be disinfected with a solution of copper sulfate or smeared with a mixture of mullein and clay.

Prevention and protection of pear trees from diseases and pests

Experienced gardeners know that it is necessary to carefully examine the developing pear tree in order to provide timely assistance to it when numerous pests of the pear orchard appear. Given their large number, it is better to use a number of preventive measures:

First of all, fight ants - carriers of aphids and viral diseases. You can use home-made trapping belts (with a corrugated cardboard tape, 18-20 centimeters wide, which is tied at the top and bottom with twine, wrap the trunk completely without a gap; a double layer of foil is tied to its middle part, which is attached with threads or linen twine soaked in grease. It is better to install such a belt trap in the evening daylight hours, when the ants have already spread to their habitats). You can purchase a ready-made trap belt in specialty stores or garden markets;
to combat the flower beetle, with its high abundance, you can use traps. They are prepared from "glasses" made from their cut plastic bottles, light blue or gray-blue. They can be hung on branches or simply placed under trees on dug up ground, filling 2/3 or 3/4 with ordinary water. The time of their application begins with the flowering of dandelions and every subsequent week, destroy the contents and pour fresh water;
Birds can be good helpers in the fight against the invasion of insects. A titmouse, for example, eats a mass of insects equal to its weight during daylight hours. In this regard, by all measures (by hanging artificial nests and feeders) to attract such gluttons as starlings, flycatchers, redstarts and other species of insectivorous birds;
justifies itself and the experience of planting insecticide plants in the garden, both cultivated and wild. Cultural: sowing garlic, onion, hot pepper, nightshade (, potatoes); marigolds, white mustard. Wild: high larkspur, large burdock, spurge twig, medicinal dandelion, yarrow, wormwood, horse sorrel, real tobacco, bittersweet nightshade and other plants;
a good protection against scab is hemp, which is dusty during flowering, which, in order to coincide with the moment of fruit set, should be planted with seedlings in the spring, planted around a fruit tree. It should be sown at home for seedlings in mid-March, and planted under a tree - 3-4 plants at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from the trunk.

As you can see, this work is not easy, but rewarding, and in it you must remain a real winner and savior of the orchard and its pear crop.

Many people love pear fruits and use them not only in their raw form. Jam is made from pears, baked in the oven, jam is made, compote is cooked and healthy juice. A special delicacy is pickled pears in a barrel. It will be possible to make preparations for the winter only if there is a generous harvest of fruits. If the tree begins to hurt, then all the fruits can crumble. Diseases of pear leaves, a description with photographs and methods of treatment - this is what interests many gardeners.

In the photo, pear fruit rot or moniliosis

Pear diseases and their treatment, photo

Moniliosisor fruit rot is a fungal disease that causes significant damage to farmers' gardens every year. At the first sign of the disease, small gray spots appear on the fruit, which spread to the entire fetus. Feature fruit rot is that the pears do not crumble, but remain on the tree. This promotes the spread of fungal spores. Gardeners, noticing the first signs of moniliosis, try to carefully examine and pick the infected fruits. They need to be destroyed, and the tree should be sprayed with copper-containing preparations.

In the photo, pear scab

Scab affects the fruit tree during the period of prolonged rains and coolness. The disease appears on leaves, flowers and fruits. The main symptom is dark spots that have a small diameter at the beginning, but gradually increase in size. Scab causes the fruits to become hard and inedible. Gardeners for the prevention of scab in the fall collect and destroy all the foliage, and the pear itself is sprayed with Bordeaux liquid. According to gardeners, good ventilation - The best way protection of trees from scab, and with thickened plantings, on the contrary, the plantations get sick quite often.

Black cancer - a disease of the bark of a fruit tree. At the first sign of it, small wounds appear on the bark, surrounded by brown spots. They increase in size, in process leaves and fruits are involved, on which reddish spots protrude. Gardeners tend to pay due attention to prevention in the first place. To this end, it is recommended to collect and destroy fallen leaves in the fall, and remove infected fruits from the tree as soon as red spots appear on them. After pruning trees, wounds should be treated with copper sulfate so that the infection does not penetrate through them.

In the photo, black pear bark cancer

stem rotor cytosporosis most often affects old trees. The infection penetrates through the "entrance gate" - damage to the cortex, cracks, wounds. A dry area appears on the affected area, which has a red-brown tint. Gardeners strive to notice the first symptoms as early as possible to make it easier to deal with the disease. With a sharp knife, the affected area is cut out, and the wound is treated with copper sulphate. As a result, the trunk was made with lime.

Diseases of pear leaves and the fight against them, photo

sooty fungus differs in specific symptoms that are difficult to confuse with other diseases of pears. With a lesion, a characteristic plaque appears on the leaves and fruits, outwardly resembling soot. According to the observations of gardeners, the infection is often secondary and affects trees that are already sick or suffering from pests. In damp, cool weather, the infection spreads well, thickened plantings contribute to infection. The first step is to try to identify the pest and examine the tree for the occurrence of a primary disease. Next, the pear is treated with a fungicide.

Pictured is a sooty fungus

powdery mildew - a common fungal disease that most often affects trees growing in the south of the country. On the affected area of the pear, an area is formed, covered with a gray-white velvety coating. The plant stops growing, the leaves curl and fall off. All affected shoots are cut and destroyed. The tree is treated with the preparations "Fundazol", "Sulfite" or a solution of colloidal sulfur.

In the photo, stem rot or cytosporosis

leaf rust- a common pear disease caused by a fungus. With rust, yellow spots form on the leaves and fruits, gradually darkening to a dark brown color. The infection often migrates from the juniper, which is worth getting rid of to save the garden. The pear is sprayed against leaf rust with Bordeaux mixture or Bayleton.

In the photo, the rust of pear leaves

Bacterial burn caused by bacteria that enter the vessels and spread down the tree from top to bottom. The disease is characterized by a lightning-fast course and the death of tree tissues. When bacteria enter the flowers, the latter darken and wither. Leaves and fruits from bacterial burn become black, as if covered with a thick layer of soot. Often it is not possible to save the pear and it must be destroyed. The disease migrates from one tree to another.

All branches with signs of a bacterial burn are subject to pruning and burning. Wounds should be treated with copper or iron sulfate. The pear is sprayed with 5% Azofos. It is considered to be environmentally friendly. Every 5 days, the pear is sprayed with antibiotics at a dosage of 2 tablets per 5 liters of water. It is recommended to use the following pharmaceutical preparations:

In the photo, a bacterial burn

streptomycin;
tetracycline;
gentamicin.

Copper-containing agents are suitable for processing. If the measures taken are ineffective, then the tree is uprooted and destroyed. The same measure is taken in relation to nearby trees. The affected area of a bacterial burn is about 5 meters in diameter. Trees are not recommended to be moved around the site, they should be burned at the place of growth. All garden tools that come into contact with fruit tree are disinfected.

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Pear leaf diseases, descriptions with photographs and methods of treatment have long been on the lips of many who care about their future harvest. To prevent their appearance on the site or in your own garden, it is important to follow some simple recommendations to avoid losses and losses.

Gardeners who have ever dealt with pear diseases know that they can kill the tree and fruit in a short time. To prevent this, it is necessary not only to know how to treat a pear, but also to determine in time from which disease the tree dies. Below is a list of pear diseases with descriptions and photographs. As well as options for its treatment for various diseases.

Pear diseases and the fight against them

Good to know!

If you find the source of the disease in time and prevent it, you can get a good harvest.

Scab

Strikes the multitude garden plants, including gardening. The leaves and wood of the pear suffer from it. First, the lower part of the leaf is affected with the appearance of black dots. Then the disease migrates to the fruits, and they become covered with rotten spots, and the peel cracks. In this regard, the fruit loses its taste.

How to treat:

To get rid of the scab, you need a Bordeaux mixture solution. They need to spray the trees before flowering, during the appearance of buds and after flowering. The bark should be thinned out a little so that the pear is ventilated. What falls off during thinning should be removed and the leaves thrown into the fire.

With a progressive disease, you can resort to the chemical agent "Skor". Typically, this treatment is carried out at least six times per season. Before winter, the soil must be dug up properly.

fruit rot

The fungus that infects the fruit causes brown spots, and over time, gray growths appear on them. In diseased fruits, the pulp rots, and the pears themselves fall to the ground. The virus is activated in the middle of summer, when the weather is dry and hot.

How to treat:

You can get rid of fruit rot by directly harvesting infected fruits and branches. In spring and autumn weather, for prevention, the tree is treated with a 1% Bordeaux mixture solution, and the leaves can be treated with lime and water.

Of the chemicals that will strengthen the immunity of the plant, the Baikal, Healthy Garden biococktail will help.

sooty fungus

From this disease, the leaves and fruits turn black on the tree. If the pear has reduced immunity, which is typical for young plantings, insects such as aphids worsen its condition even more.

How to treat:

When a sooty fungus appears, a soap-copper solution should be used together with Bordeaux mixture when spraying.

Interesting!

Sooty fungus is not afraid of the only variety of pear - the Cathedral.

powdery mildew

When a white coating appeared on the leaves on this horticultural crop, it means that the tree got sick. The plant soon begins to dry out and die. Leaves curl into a boat and fall to the ground. Young shoots are susceptible to such infection in the spring.

How to treat:

First of all, you need to get rid of those shoots that are already infected. In the extension phase, it is necessary to treat the buds with fungicides. Re-treatment should be done again, after two weeks.

Rust

The fungus is the causative agent of this disease. Orange spots on pear leaves and shoots indicate the presence of the disease. Activation takes place in mid-April. The diseased areas of the pear are no longer capable of accepting photosynthesis. If the disease is started, fruitfulness stops.

How to treat:

Experienced gardeners, when rust appears on leaves, more often destroy leaves and fruits susceptible to this disease. They argue that a solution of urea with copper sulphate, as well as ash mixed in marigold infusion, have proven themselves well. Spraying helps prevent this infection on early stage, more often in the spring. All varieties of pear are susceptible to this virus.

Antonov fire

This is a pear-specific cancer that affects the bark of a tree and branches. It manifests itself in the form of cracks, which increase in size over time, and the bark bursts. Then brown spots pour out on the cracks, and the fungus penetrates into them. In this regard, other diseases immediately begin to move to the affected pear.

How to treat:

It is necessary to treat pear cancer slowly, carefully diagnosing the infected areas where the root cancer is located. The simplest and effective means Bordeaux liquid and a solution of copper sulphate have proven themselves.

Bacterial burn

It is considered a dangerous disease that spreads from diseased trees to healthy ones. Can lead to the destruction of all horticultural crops. If you do not start fighting it in time, you can lose a beautiful site forever, and diseased trees will have to be burned.

How to treat:

If the gardener found a bacterial burn on a pear at the initial stage, you can simply remove the affected branches and treat with a solution of copper or iron sulphate. As chemical methods, it can be treated with an Azofos solution or antibiotics: gentamicin, rifampicin.

It is best to start processing in late spring. To prevent inflorescence disease, it is recommended to treat with Bordeaux mixture.

With more advanced stage diseases must be uprooted or burned trees.

brown spot

Begins to appear during the end of spring. Leaves affected by this disease are covered with brownish spots. Every day their number increases and falls to the ground. The period of strong disease activity occurs in mid-summer.

How to treat:

With brown spotting, infected leaves should be destroyed. Treatment of pear leaf disease is carried out with a fungicide in conjunction with copper. Spraying is recommended to stop after fruit growth.

Mosaic on leaves

Often observed in young plantings on the leaves in the form of greenish spots. Some gardeners try to graft trees against all sorts of diseases, thereby risking infecting them with this disease during grafting.

How to treat:

Mosaic on the leaves is not treated. If the disease progresses, seedlings or large trees can no longer be helped. It would be best to cut down such trees and burn them until the infection has migrated to healthy plants growing near the source of the disease.

Cracks in the bark

If small fruits and puffiness are observed, and the tree is covered with numerous cracks, then the plant is sick. But the cracks themselves are not yet cause for concern. Infestation that has engulfed plantings can penetrate wounds with spores and cause rot.

How to treat:

Cracks in the bark of trees cannot be ignored. Ignoring this form of the disease can lead to other infectious diseases. When treating, you should arm yourself with a metal brush, with which you can clean the damaged bark. If you don't have a brush, a knife will do. The next step will be the treatment of the bark with a solution of Bordeaux mixture with an antifungal drug (you can pick up any). Also used in the treatment of a solution of iron sulphate. At the end, after processing, the cracks are usually covered with wet clay.

white spotting

Caused by the formation of white spots on the surface of the leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots change color from white to yellow and then brown. As a rule, the infection begins in late spring, the plant's immunity deteriorates, the leaves fall to the ground, and lose the ability to resist winter. If left to the mercy of fate, over the years the disease will progress and infect other trees. It's all about the bacteria, which perfectly tolerate wintering and every year in the spring again infects the pear.

How to treat:

White spot treatment is carried out in early spring using a solution of nitrafen (10 liters of water per 5 grams of product). Even summer residents are accustomed to using a mixture of slaked lime and a solution of copper sulfate. Spraying is carried out for one season repeatedly. The initial period when you need to do this is April, when the buds are just blooming. Then during the appearance of buds and after flowering.

Some gardeners also carry out late processing. In this case, spraying is carried out to check the effect of the liquid on the leaves. For example, if there are no burns, it is recommended to process all parts of the pear.

I do not like to spray the garden from pests, apply chemistry, breathe it and eat. However. sometimes it can't be avoided. I once again encountered pear diseases recently when I took up vaccination. The stalk took root well, the leaves blossomed in the spring, then closer to the middle of summer they began to become covered with dark brown dots. Moreover, only the leaves on the grafted stalk fell ill - I realized that the disease came along with the grafting stalk and it was necessary to carry out treatment. Apparently, pathogens appeared on the sent cuttings - spores of some
or a type of fungus.

Scab

Here's what she looks like in the photo:

Scab is a fungal disease. In the middle of summer, black-brown spots with a fungal coating appear on the leaves. Gradually, the leaves dry out.

On fruits, scab manifests itself in the formation of cracks, black-brown spots. Pouring pears and apples stops.

To prevent the disease, it is necessary to spray in the spring when the leaves bloom. It is necessary to use copper-containing preparations, for example, copper sulfate, 0.1% solution. That is, dilute 1 gram of vitriol in 1 liter of water.

You can apply "Skor" (one ampoule per 10 liters) or "Oxyx" (20 grams - a bucket).

Spraying is repeated on young ovaries.

I managed to defeat the disease by washing the leaves with a tetracycline solution - stir two tablets in a glass of water.

Septoria

It looks like grayish-white spots with a brown or yellow border.

Infection with the fungus occurs mainly after flowering, and visually manifests itself in the second half of summer, when black dots of spores appear in the center of the spots.

The septoria fungus spends autumn and winter on fallen leaves, therefore, in the spring, the trunk circle and the whole tree are treated with the same means as in the case of scab disease, but 3-4 treatments are done.

powdery mildew

This fungal disease spreads to buds, leaves, young shoots, and then flowers.

The photo shows a white velvety coating, it destroys the inflorescences, and the fungus remains on the branches. In early spring, when the buds begin to bloom, Topaz or Skor will help - one ampoule is dissolved in a bucket of water.

After the pear blossoms, use "Hom", 40 grams are bred in 10 liters. After harvesting, it is recommended to spray with a solution of copper sulfate: 50 grams per 5 liters of water.

Moniliosis

This is a fungal disease. The fungus causes drying and death of buds, leaves, ovaries, fruits. They look like they're on fire. therefore, another name for the disease is monilial burn.

Affected fruits rot right on the branches and remain there until spring. The spores of the fungus spend the winter on the affected parts of the plant.

Moniliosis of pear fruits is called fruit rot.

Measures to combat moniliosis as with rust.

Rust

Photo of the affected foliage:

Fungal disease. Many brown spots appear on the outer side of the leaves.

Before and after the buds bloom, the trees are sprayed with solutions of the preparations Hom (40 grams per 5 liters of water) or Oksihom (20 grams in a bucket of water).

Cytosporosis

A fungal disease that causes drying of areas of the bark. Red-brown ulcers form on it, which grow rapidly. This usually occurs in places from frost holes on the trunks and branches of a tree. Often this is accompanied by the death of individual branches, sections of the trunk. The bark with cytosporosis does not exfoliate, but urinate.

To treat the disease, it is necessary to clean frostbite and burns to healthy wood, wipe with a solution of vitriol (copper, one percent), brilliant green, or treat with Hom, Oxyx preparations. Next, the wound is covered with oil paint or liquid garden pitch.

If the damage is very strong, treat the wound with the following composition: clay + mullein + ash; wrap for a while with a rag. In this composition for better overgrowth, you can add one tablet of heteroauxin.

Bacterial burn

Dangerous viral disease. In the second half of summer, for no apparent reason, annual growths wither, the leaves turn black. The whole tree may die.

Vectors can be rodents, insect pests, as well as infected planting material or grafting and pruning tools.

Unfortunately, in general, only prevention of the disease is effective, not treatment. Usually the tree is destroyed, and the place where it grew is treated with a solution of copper sulfate (3 tablespoons per bucket of water); there is no landing there for a year or two. Let's hope that our pets will avoid such a fate.

Black cancer or anthracnose

The causative agent of this pear disease is a fungus that can settle only in places where the tree is damaged.

This means that it is necessary to monitor cracks in the bark, frost cracks, burns and treat them in a timely manner: first disinfect, and then cover with a composition of clay, mullein and ash. On half a bucket of watery clay, I put a liter bucket of mullein and a glass of sifted ash.

This composition is very helpful for the treatment of large wounds on the trunk and branches. The following year, the bark grows again. I tested it on my pear.

From all the above material it is clear that the pear has many diseases, but there is nothing to be afraid of them. It is only necessary that our wards have good immunity in the gardens. This requires timely feeding and preventive measures .. Microelements and “non-chemical” preparations, such as Fitosporin, Zircon, Epin-extra, Ecoberin, Fitoverm, will help us with this.

A small addition. How to treat trees damaged by hares

Recently I was in my garden after a long winter break. It turned out that in some places the bark of young trees was damaged. It was the rabbits who came. They were not in our gardens for a very long time, about 25 years. What made them appear again? Somebody knows?