1.1. Protective equipment at work should ensure the prevention or reduction of the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors on the employee, while the protective equipment themselves should not be a source of dangerous and harmful production factors. Protective equipment must be kept in accordance with the requirements of the instructions for the content and use of protective equipment.
1.2. Means of protection, depending on the nature of their application, are divided into two categories:
— means of collective protection;
- funds personal protection.
1.3. Means of collective protection, depending on the purpose, are divided into classes:
- means of normalizing the air environment industrial premises and jobs;
- means of normalizing the lighting of industrial premises and workplaces;
- means of protection against an increased level of ionizing radiation;
- means of protection against an increased level of infrared radiation;
- means of protection against increased or decreased levels of ultraviolet radiation;
- means of protection against an increased level of electromagnetic radiation;
- means of protection against increased intensity of magnetic and electric fields;
- means of protection against an increased level of laser radiation;
- means of protection against increased noise levels;
- means of protection against an increased level of vibration (general and local);
- means of protection against increased levels of ultrasound;
- means of protection against an increased level of infrasonic vibrations;
- means of protection against electric shock;
- means of protection against increased levels of static electricity;
- means of protection against high or low temperatures of surfaces of equipment, materials, workpieces;
- means of protection against high or low air temperatures and temperature extremes;
- means of protection against the effects of mechanical factors (moving machines and mechanisms; moving parts of production equipment and tools; moving products, workpieces, materials; violations of the integrity of structures; collapsing bulk materials; objects falling from a height; sharp edges and surface roughness of workpieces, tools and equipment ; sharp corners);
- means of protection against exposure chemical factors;
- means of protection against the effects of biological factors;
- means of protection against falling from a height.
1.4. Personal protective equipment, depending on the purpose, is divided into classes:
- insulating suits;
- means of respiratory protection;
- special protective clothing;
- leg protection
— means of protection of hands;
- head protection;
- face protection;
- eye protection;
- means of protecting the organ of hearing;
— means of protection against falling from a height and other protective means;
— means dermatological protective;
- comprehensive protective equipment.
1.5. Collective protective equipment for personnel should be located on production equipment or at the workplace in such a way that it is constantly possible to control its operation, as well as safe maintenance and repair.
1.6. Personal protective equipment should be used in cases where the safety of work cannot be ensured by the design of the equipment, organization production processes, architectural and planning solutions and means of collective protection.
1.7. All work on the operation, repair, maintenance of thermal, mechanical, electrical and other equipment is carried out using personal protective equipment. Personnel must be provided with all necessary protective equipment, trained in the rules for their use, must know their purpose and inspection methods.
1.8. Protective equipment received from the warehouse must be inspected and tested before use.
1.9. If the unsuitability of protective equipment is found, it is necessary to immediately remove them, inform the immediate supervisor about this.
1.10. Persons who have received protective equipment for individual use are responsible for their correct use.
1.11. Protective equipment must be stored and transported under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for use, so they must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage. Protective equipment must be stored indoors (on racks, shelves, boxes) separately from the tool. They must be protected from the effects of oils, gasoline, acids, alkalis, as well as from direct exposure to sunlight and heat radiation from heating devices (no closer than 1 m from them).
1.12. Protective equipment issued for personal use is entered in the "Personal record cards for the issuance of personal protective equipment."
1.13. The following personal protective equipment for workers is used:
- means of protection against exposure environment(cold, dirt, etc.) - overalls, safety shoes;
- head protection equipment - protective helmets, balaclavas;
- eye and face protection - goggles, shields for electric welders;
- means of protecting the organ of hearing - anti-noise inserts; anti-noise headphones.
- hand protection equipment - special mittens, gloves;
- respiratory protection equipment - gas masks, respirators;
- means of protection against falling from a height and when working in wells, closed containers - safety belts and safety ropes.
2. Procedure for using protective equipment
2.1. Protective equipment must be kept as inventory or included in the inventory property of operational maintenance teams, repair teams, and also be issued for individual use.
2.2. Inventory protective equipment is distributed among facilities, teams in accordance with the system of organization of operation, local conditions and staffing standards.
2.3. Responsibility for the timely provision of personnel and the acquisition of tested protective equipment in accordance with the acquisition standards, the organization of proper storage, the timely production of periodic inspections and tests, the removal of unsuitable funds and the organization of their accounting are borne by the heads of structural divisions. Such an appointment does not cancel the duties of foremen, allowing and foremen of work, along with monitoring the availability of the necessary protective equipment and their condition at the workplace.
2.4. Upon detection of the unsuitability of protective equipment, the personnel must immediately notify the head of the structural unit.
3. The procedure for the maintenance of protective equipment
3.1. Protective equipment must be stored and transported under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for use, so they must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage.
3.2. Protective equipment must be stored indoors.
3.3. Storage of protective equipment made of rubber. Rubber protective equipment in use should be stored in special cabinets, on racks, shelves, boxes, etc. separate from the instrument. They must be protected from the effects of oils, gasoline, acids, alkalis and other rubber-destroying substances, as well as from direct exposure to sunlight and heat radiation from heating devices (no closer than 1 m from them). Protective equipment made of rubber, which are in stock, must be stored in a dry room at a temperature of 0-30°C.
3.4. Storage of gas masks. Gas masks must be stored in dry rooms in special bags.
3.5. PPE storage. Protective equipment that is in the use of maintenance teams or in the individual use of personnel must be stored in boxes, bags or cases separately from other tools. Protective equipment is placed in specially designated places. Storage areas should be equipped with cabinets, racks for gloves, safety belts and ropes, goggles and masks, gas masks, etc. Protective equipment should be kept in a dry, ventilated area. Storage and transportation should be carried out in conditions that ensure their safety. Individual sets are stored in special cabinets: overalls - on hangers, and safety shoes, head, face and hand protection - on shelves. During storage, they must be protected from moisture and aggressive environments.
4. Control of the state of protective equipment and their accounting
4.1. All in operation protective equipment and safety belts must be numbered, with the exception of protective helmets, posters and safety signs. Factory numbers are allowed. The numbering order is established depending on the operating conditions of protective equipment. The inventory number is applied directly to the means of protection with paint or embossed on metal (for example, on metal parts belts, etc.), or on a special tag attached to the protective equipment (safety rope, etc.). If the protective equipment consists of several parts, a common number for it must be put on each part.
4.2. The presence and condition of protective equipment should be checked by inspection periodically, but at least once every 6 months. person responsible for their condition. Protective equipment issued for individual use must also be registered on the personal protective equipment record card of each employee.
4.3. The results of mechanical tests of protective equipment are recorded in a special journal of accounting and maintenance of protective equipment that performs the tests. Safety belts and safety ropes are allowed to be marked with available means with a record of test results in a log.
4.4. Protective equipment received for individual use is also subject to testing within the time limits set by the instruction manufacturer.
5. Personal protective equipment
5.1. Special clothing and special footwear
5.1.1. Overalls and safety shoes are issued to the employee for a certain period in accordance with the "Model industry standards for the free issue of overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment for workers" and the collective agreement.
5.1.2. Overalls and safety shoes must be appropriate in size, be comfortable, protect the employee from temperature effects and dirt.
5.1.3. The enterprise is obliged to provide periodic washing and dry cleaning of overalls, as well as its timely repair.
5.1.4. The employee is obliged to keep overalls and safety shoes clean, store them separately from personal clothing.
5.1.5. Checking the condition of overalls, safety shoes consists in an external examination of all parts of the kit in order to identify defects. In case of detection of defects by the head of the department, before the wearing period, the clothes are subject to write-off in the prescribed form.
5.2. Protective helmets
5.2.1. Helmets are means of personal protection of the head of workers from mechanical damage, aggressive liquids, water, electric shock in case of accidental contact with live parts under voltage up to 1000 V.
5.2.2. Depending on the conditions of use, the helmet is equipped with an insulating balaclava and a waterproof cape, anti-noise headphones, shields for welders and head lamps.
5.2.3. Helmets consist of 2 main parts: body and internal equipment (shock absorber and carrier tape). The helmet body is made solid or composite, with a visor or brim, without internal stiffeners.
5.2.4. For the manufacture of helmets, non-toxic materials are used that are resistant to the action of sulfuric acid, mineral oils, motor gasoline and disinfectants (polyethylene, textolite, pressed fiberglass, etc.).
5.2.5. The normative service life of helmets, during which they must retain their protective properties, is indicated in the technical documentation for a specific type of helmet.
5.2.6. Before each use, helmets should be inspected to check for mechanical damage.
5.2.7. Helmets are maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions.
5.2.8. After the expiration normative term helmets are taken out of service.
5.3. Goggles and protective shields
5.3.1. Goggles are a means of individual eye protection against dangerous and harmful production factors: blinding brightness of an electric arc, ultraviolet and infrared radiation; solid particles and dust; splashes of acids, alkalis, electrolyte, molten metal.
5.3.2. When performing work on thermal mechanical equipment, it is necessary to use goggles and shields that meet the requirements of the relevant state standards. It is recommended to use closed-type goggles with
indirect ventilation and light filters, head shields with a light-filtering, shock-resistant, chemically resistant and mesh body, as well as hand-held and universal head shields for welders.
5.3.3. Sealed protective goggles to protect the eyes from the harmful effects of various fumes, smoke, splashes of corrosive liquids must completely isolate the subcutaneous space from the environment and be equipped with an anti-fogging film.
5.3.4. The design of the shields should ensure both reliable fixation of the glasses in the glass holder and the possibility of replacing them without the use of special tools.
5.3.5. Before use, goggles should be inspected for scratches, cracks or other defects. If defects are found, the glasses should be replaced with serviceable ones.
5.3.6. To prevent fogging of the glasses when using glasses for prolonged use, the inner surface of the glasses should be lubricated with a special lubricant.
5.3.7. When soiled, the glasses should be washed with warm soapy water, then rinsed with clean water and wiped with a soft cloth.
5.4. Protective shields for electric welders
5.4.1. Shields are a means of personal protection for the eyes and face of the welder from ultraviolet and infrared radiation, blinding brightness of the arc and splashes of molten metal.
5.4.2. It is allowed to use only shields made in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.035-78 and GOST 12.4.023-84.
5.4.3. There are 4 types of shin guards: adjustable head mount, with handle and universal (with head mount and handle); for electric welders - with fastening on a protective helmet.
5.4.4. The body of the shields is opaque, made of non-conductive material, resistant to sparks, splashes of molten metal (fiber, polycarbonate). A glass holder with light filters is attached to the body.
5.4.5. The design of the shields provides for a device that prevents the glass from falling out of the frame or moving them in any position of the shield, and also provides the ability to change the glass without using a tool.
5.4.6. When contaminated, the shields should be washed with warm soapy water, then rinsed and dried.
5.5. Special mittens
5.5.1. Mittens are a means of personal protection of hands from mechanical injuries, high and low temperatures, sparks and splashes of molten metal and cable mass, oils and petroleum products, water, aggressive liquids.
5.5.2. Mittens are made in accordance with GOST 12.4.010-75.
5.5.3. Mittens are made in 6 types of 4 sizes, with or without reinforcing protective overlays, regular length or elongated with leggings. The length of mittens usually does not exceed 300 mm, and mittens with leggings - at least 420 mm. In order to avoid leakage of molten metal, mittens should fit tightly around the sleeves of clothing.
5.5.4. To protect hands from contact with heated surfaces, sparks and splashes of molten metal, it is necessary to use mittens made of canvas with fire retardant impregnation with leggings or elongated mittens made of woolen fabrics, split leather with leggings or a vache made of cloth, split leather, heat-resistant yuft.
5.5.5. Before use, gloves should be inspected for mechanical damage.
5.5.6. When working, gloves should fit tightly around the sleeves of clothing.
5.5.7. Mittens should be cleaned as they get dirty, dried, and repaired if necessary.
5.6. Gas masks and respirators
5.6.1. Gas masks and respirators are personal respiratory protection equipment (PPE), the general technical requirements for which must comply with state standards.
5.6.2. To protect personnel from poisoning or asphyxiation by gases, the following personal respiratory protection equipment (PPE) is used:
- hose gas masks that provide air supply from a clean area through a hose by self-suction or through a blower (PSh-1, PSh-2). The distance at which the gas mask protects is determined by the instruction manual for the gas mask.
- filtering gas masks (for the needs of civil defense);
- insulating gas masks (self-rescuers such as PDU-3, SPI-20).
5.6.3. When welding, to protect against welding aerosols, it is necessary to use filtering anti-dust and anti-aerosol respirators (RP-K, F-62Sh, "Kama", ShB-1 "Lepestok-200").
5.6.4. Hose gas masks under operating conditions before each issue, as well as periodically at least once every 3 months, check for suitability for work (tightness, absence of defects in the front part, valve system, corrugated tubes, hoses, serviceability of blowers).
5.6.5. In addition, gas masks are subjected to periodic tests and recharges at specialized enterprises (filtering gas masks) at the time and in the ways specified in the operating instructions for gas masks.
5.6.6. At each test, a protocol is drawn up, a stamp is placed on the gas mask for protective equipment, the use of which does not depend on voltage.
5.6.7. Gas masks of insulating action (self-rescuers of the type PDU-3, SPI-20) are not subject to periodic tests. Before issuing a gas mask, it is necessary to inspect for the absence of mechanical damage. The use of these gas masks is carried out in accordance with the instruction manual.
5.6.8. Respirators should be inspected for mechanical damage prior to use.
5.6.9. The regeneration of respirators is carried out in accordance with the instruction manual.
5.6.10. PPE is issued only for individual use. The transfer to other persons of previously used RPE should be allowed only after disinfection. Disinfection of gas masks and respirators should be carried out in accordance with the instruction manual.
5.6.11. Personnel must be trained in the use of gas masks and respirators. When using hose gas masks, it is necessary to ensure that the workers are constantly under the control of observers who remain outside the danger zone and are able to assist them if necessary.
5.7. Safety belts and safety ropes
5.7.1. Safety belts are designed to ensure the safety of construction and installation, repair and restoration and other types of work. Safety belts are means of personal protection for workers against falling from a height (over 1.3 m) and climbing work (5 meters or more), as well as when working in wells, tanks, etc.
5.7.2. Safety belts must comply with state standards and technical specifications for belts of specific designs.
5.7.3. Depending on the design, the belts are divided into strapless and strapless, as well as belts with or without shock absorption.
5.7.4. In the production of hot work (electric welding, gas cutting, etc.), the belt slings must be made of a steel rope or chain.
5.7.5. Safety belts must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.4.089-86 and specifications for belts of specific designs.
5.7.6. The design of the buckle (belt locking device) must exclude the possibility of its incorrect or incomplete closing. The belt carabiner must have a device that prevents its accidental opening. The design of the carabiner should ensure the disclosure of its lock with one hand. The closing of the lock and the safety device of the carabiner must be carried out automatically.
5.7.7. The safety rope serves as an additional means of safety. It is mandatory to use it in cases where the place of work is at a distance that does not allow the belt sling to be fixed to the equipment structure.
5.7.8. For insurance, a cotton rope with a diameter of at least 15 mm or a rope made of nylon halyard with a diameter of at least 10 mm and a length of not more than 10 m is used.
5.7.9. The breaking static load of a steel rope must comply with that specified in the state standard, and a cotton rope and a rope made of nylon halyard - at least 7000 N (700 kgf). Safety ropes can be equipped with carabiners.
5.7.10. The breaking static load for a belt with a shock absorber must be at least 7000 N (700 kgf), and for a belt without a shock absorber 10000 N.
5.7.11. The dynamic force during the protective action for a strapless belt with a shock absorber should be no more than 4000 N, and for a strap belt with a shock absorber - no more than 6000 N.
5.7.12. Safety belts and safety ropes must be tested for mechanical strength with a static load of 4000 N (400 kgf), belts intended for work in the shopping center, tanks - 2000 N (200 kgf) before being put into operation, as well as during operation 1 time in 6 months.
5.7.13. The test procedure is given in the technical specifications and the operation manual for belts of specific designs.
5.7.14. The belt is considered to have passed the test if no damage has occurred and the belt has retained its load-bearing capacity.
5.7.15. A serviceable belt shall be tagged with the date of the test and the date of the next test.
5.7.16. Before using the belt, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with its device, purpose, rules of operation and testing for operational suitability set out in the instruction manual.
5.7.17. Before starting work, it is necessary to make an external inspection of the belt in order to check its condition as a whole and the load-bearing elements separately, as well as the presence of a tag indicating the date of testing and the date of the next test.
5.7.18. A belt that has undergone a dynamic jerk is withdrawn from circulation, as well as a belt that has thread breaks in the stitching, tears, burns, cuts in the waist belt, sling, shock absorber, violations of rivet joints, deformed or corroded metal components and parts, cracks in metal parts and malfunctions. safety latch.
5.7.19. Self-repair of the belt is prohibited.
5.7.20. Belts and ropes should be stored in dry, ventilated rooms in a suspended state or laid out on shelves in one row. After work, the belt must be cleaned of dirt, dried, metal parts wiped, and leather parts greased.
5.7.21. Do not store belts near heaters, acids, alkalis, solvents, gasoline and oils.
5.8. Responsibility for the timely and full provision of employees with personal protective equipment, for organizing control over the correctness of their use by employees rests with the employer in the manner prescribed by law.
ORDER
dated June 30, 2003 N 261
ON APPROVAL OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE AND TESTING
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT USED IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
I order:
Approve the attached Instructions for the use and testing of protective equipment used in electrical installations.
I.Kh. YUSUFOV
FOREWORD 2
1. GENERAL 3
1.1. Purpose and scope of Instruction 3
1.2. Procedure and general rules for the use of protective equipment 6
1.3. How to store protective equipment 7
1.4. Accounting for protective equipment and monitoring their condition 8
1.5. General rules testing of protective equipment 9
2. ELECTRICAL PROTECTION 10
2.1. General provisions 10
2.2. Insulating rods 10
2.3. Insulating pliers 12
2.4. Voltage indicators 13
Voltage indicators up to 1000 V 16
2.5. Individual voltage signaling devices 17
2.6. Stationary voltage detectors 18
2.7. Voltage testers for phase matching 18
2.8. Electrical pliers 20
2.9. Remote cable piercing devices 20
2.10. Dielectric gloves 21
2.11. Footwear special dielectric 22
2.12. Dielectric rubber carpets and insulating pads 22
2.13. Shields (screens) 23
2.14. Insulating pads 23
2.15. Insulating caps for voltage above 1000 V 24
2.16. Hand tool insulating 25
2.17. Grounding, portable 26
2.18. Posters and safety signs 28
2.19. Special protective equipment, insulating devices and fixtures for work under voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of 110 kV and above 28
Special polymer insulators 29
Polypropylene insulating ropes 30
Flexible insulators with weatherproof protective sheath 30
Ladders flexible insulating 31
Rigid insulating stairs 31
Transfer and potential equalization bars 32
Insulating inserts for telescopic towers and hoists 32
2.20. Flexible insulating coatings and linings for work under voltage in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V 33
2.21. Ladders and ladders insulating fiberglass 33
3. MEANS OF PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC FIELDS OF INCREASED VOLTAGE 35
3.1. General provisions 35
3.2. Shielding devices 35
3.3. Individual shielding kits 35
4. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 36
4.1. Protective helmets 36
4.2. Goggles and protective shields 37
4.3. Special mittens 37
4.4. Gas masks and respirators 38
4.5. Safety belts and safety ropes 38
4.6. Arc protection kits 39
Appendix 1 40
REGISTER AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTION MEANS 40
Appendix 2 40
JOURNAL OF TESTS OF PROTECTION MEANS FROM DIELECTRIC RUBBER AND POLYMERIC MATERIALS 40
Appendix 3 40
PROTECTION TEST REPORT FORM 41
Appendix 4 42
NORMS OF MECHANICAL ACCEPTANCE, PERIODIC 42
AND TYPE TESTING OF PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 42
Appendix 5 44
NORMS OF ELECTRIC ACCEPTANCE, PERIODIC 44
AND TYPE TESTING OF PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 44
Appendix 6 47
STANDARDS AND TERMS OF PERFORMANCE MECHANICAL TESTS 47
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 47
Annex 7 48
STANDARDS AND TERMS OF PERFORMANCE ELECTRICAL TESTS 48
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 48
Appendix 8 51
PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 51
Appendix 9 55
SAFETY POSTERS AND SIGNS 55
Annex 10 59
Approved
Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia
dated June 30, 2003 N 261
Storage order. Means of protection are subject to the destructive effects of the external environment: sunlight, chemicals, mechanical stress, etc., and they are one of the main means of electrical safety on which the life and health of people depend. Naturally, under such conditions, there is a need for their proper storage. The rules establish the procedure for maintaining protective equipment, ensuring their serviceability and suitability for use. The conditions for ensuring compliance with this order are, first of all, protection from moisture, pollution, drying out and mechanical damage, for which they must be stored indoors.
Rubber protective equipment in use should be stored in special cabinets, on racks, shelves, boxes, etc. separate from the instrument. They must be protected from the effects of oils, gasoline, acids, alkalis and other rubber-destroying substances, as well as from direct exposure to sunlight and heat radiation from heating devices (no closer than one meter from them). Rubber protective equipment must be stored in a dry place at a temperature of 0-30 ° C.
Insulating rods and tongs are stored in conditions that exclude their deflection and contact with walls, i.e. in limbo.
Special places for storing portable grounding are numbered in the same way as the PPs themselves.
Protective equipment is placed in specially designated places, as a rule, at the entrance to the premises, as well as on control panels. Storage areas should have lists of protective equipment. Storage areas must be equipped with hooks or brackets for rods, insulating pliers, safety guards, posters and safety signs, as well as cabinets, racks, etc. for dielectric gloves, overshoes, galoshes, carpets and coasters, mittens, safety belts and ropes, goggles and masks, gas masks, voltage indicators, etc.
Separately from other tools, they store protective equipment intended for the work of field teams and operational maintenance teams. They are stored in boxes, bags or cases.
Those protective equipment that allow you to work under voltage should be kept in dry, ventilated areas.
Monitoring the status of protective equipment and their accounting. All electrical protective equipment and safety belts in operation must be numbered, with the exception of safety helmets, dielectric carpets, insulating stands, safety posters and signs, safety fences, transfer and potential equalization rods. Factory numbers are allowed.
The numbering order is established at the enterprise depending on the operating conditions of protective equipment.
The inventory number is applied directly to the protective equipment with paint or embossed on metal (for example, on the metal parts of a belt, insulated tool, rods, etc.) or on a special tag attached to the protective equipment (insulating rope, etc.).
If the protective equipment consists of several parts, a common number for it must be put on each part.
In all departments operating enterprises and consumers of electricity, it is necessary to keep logs of accounting and the content of protective equipment. Inspection of the presence and condition of protective equipment should be carried out periodically, but at least once every 6 months by the person responsible for their condition with the recording of the inspection results in a log. Protective equipment issued for individual use must also be registered in the journal.
Protective equipment, except for insulating supports, dielectric carpets, portable grounding, protective fences, posters and safety signs, received for operation from manufacturers or from warehouses, must be checked according to the standards of operational tests.
Protective equipment that has passed the test must be stamped in the following form:
№_____________________________
Valid up to ________________________________ kV
Date of the next test _________________________20___.
_________________________________________________
(laboratory name)
The stamp must be clearly visible. It must be applied with indelible paint or glued to insulating parts near the limiting ring of insulating means and devices for working under voltage or at the edge of rubber products and safety devices. If the protective equipment consists of several parts, the stamp is put on only one part.
On protective equipment that did not pass the test, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint.
The results of electrical and mechanical tests of protective equipment are recorded in a special journal in the laboratory performing the tests. If there are a large number of protective equipment made of dielectric rubber, the results of their tests can be recorded in a separate journal.
Journal for accounting and content of protective equipment (recommended form)
Insulated tools, voltage indicators up to 1000 V, as well as safety belts and safety ropes are allowed to be marked with available means with a record of the test results in the logbook and the content of the protective equipment.
Protective equipment received for individual use will also be tested within the time limits established by the Rules.
As is known, human body quite sensitive to high voltage in the network. So a current flowing through the body of more than 11-16 mA usually causes convulsions in a person, he is not able to break away from the wire on his own. Such events can lead to death within seconds. At a voltage of 25-50 mA, spasms often appear in the airways, in which the victim dies from suffocation. With a current above 100 - 150 mA, fibrillation of the heart muscles is obtained. In this case, the death of a person from electric shock and thermal burns is very possible. In this regard, when working on electrical installations, personal protective equipment against the effects of electric current should be used for people.
Basic and additional means of protection in electrical installations
In all electrical installations there are collective and individual funds protection. KSZ are elements that include such methods as fencing the autocontrol system, as well as protective earthing and grounding. PPE is items used by one person for their own protection.
Depending on the voltage indicators of electrical installations, protective equipment is divided into the following classes: for installations with a power of up to 1000 V, and for objects with a voltage exceeding 1000 V.
In addition, the main or additional SZ should be used in electrical installations. Some of them are equipped with insulation, providing the ability to load voltage for a long time. The latter are not able to fully provide a person with electrical safety at a given voltage. They are in addition to the main SZ. In addition, they also protect us from the effects of current at the moment a person accidentally touches current-carrying elements.
The main means of protection in networks exceeding 1000 volts include:
- Insulating rod and pliers;
- Devices that ensure safety during testing;
- Voltage indicators;
- Dielectric protective equipment.
Additional protections can be divided into the following:
- Gloves, boots, caps;
- Potential equalization bars;
- Carpets, pads and dielectric stands;
- Stairs and insulating ladders.
To prevent exposure of workers to electric fields high voltage use special suits-screens. Protective helmets, gloves, gas masks and goggles are used as PPE for various human organs and body parts. Safety belts are used to prevent falls. To protect yourself from the electric arc, use special suits.
When you need to choose electrical protection, you should always take into account special recommendations, specifically designed to ensure that the elements that you trust with your life meet special requirements and do not let you down at the most crucial moment.
The insulating dielectric handle must have a ring at the end. The height of this ring for devices operating in networks where the voltage exceeds 1000 V cannot be less than 5 mm. Devices operating in networks with a lower voltage - 3 mm.
The part of the appliance that is insulated must be made of a dielectric which does not absorb moisture and has constant dielectric and mechanical characteristics. The handles and their surface must be smooth and free from cracks or chips. The entire design of the electrical protective element must not allow a short circuit.
Protective equipment in electrical installations: storage conditions
Men's overalls are special clothing that exists in many enterprises in the form of a mandatory uniform for men. This type of clothing protects workers from penetration electric current, and is the highest quality personal protective equipment. In addition to these, nitrile rubber gloves are commonly used, which are resistant to high temperatures.
PPE should be stored in conditions that ensure its serviceability, quality and the possibility of further use.
The storage conditions for PPE are as follows:
- Protection from dirt and moisture;
- Prevention of mechanical damage;
- Storage in enclosed spaces;
- Dedicated storage areas.
Large devices like rods or tongs must be stored in special places with hooks. Small items are stored on racks or in cabinets.
Mandatory protective devices in electrical installations: scope
Protective devices are special additions to the main equipment. They serve to ensure the safety of the device during its operation and to protect the operating personnel. The need for protective devices is obvious. because it is associated with the emergence of dangerous zones, in which there are always or periodically situations that are dangerous to the life and health of employees of the enterprise.
Hazardous zones usually arise during the operation of electrical machines, machine tools and apparatuses that have moving, pushing and rotating parts and parts. In the second case, these areas arise when using lifting and transport mechanisms and carrying out repair and installation actions.
When designing this equipment and drafting the technological process, especially dangerous zones should always be identified, and measures should be taken to exclude them from the facility. If this is not possible, protective devices must be used to prevent a person from entering vitally dangerous places.
According to the instructions for protective devices that protect against mechanical injury to a person include:
- Safety brake devices;
- Fencing objects;
- Means of control automatic, signaling;
- Pointers and signs signaling safety;
- Remote control systems.
These remote control systems, as well as automatic signaling devices that respond to the boundary concentration of hazardous vapors, gases and dusts, are usually used in explosive production operations and industries with the possibility of various toxic substances entering the air of the working area.
Basic personal protective equipment in electrical installations (video)
Work on electrical installations always carries a potential danger to employees and is associated with electric shock. As protection for personnel, it is necessary to use electrical protective devices and means, which are divided into collective and individual, as well as basic and additional (auxiliary). When choosing electrical protection equipment, be sure to check their integrity. appearance and compliance with the quality standards of the state standard.
1.2.1. Personnel carrying out work in electrical installations must be provided with all necessary protective equipment, trained in the rules of use and must use them to ensure the safety of work.
Protective equipment should be kept as inventory in the premises of electrical installations or be included in the inventory property of mobile teams. Protective equipment may also be issued for individual use.
Outdoors in wet weather, only protective equipment of a special design designed for work in such conditions may be used. Such protective equipment is manufactured, tested and used in accordance with specifications and instructions.
Expired protective equipment must not be used.
1.3. The order of storage of protective equipmentin electrical installations
1.3.1. Protective equipment must be stored and transported under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for use, they must be protected from mechanical damage, contamination and moisture.
Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials that are in use must not be stored in bulk in bags, boxes, etc.
Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials, which are in stock, must be stored in a dry room at a temperature of (0-30) ° C.
Individual shielding kits are stored in special cabinets: overalls - on hangers, and safety shoes, head, face and hand protection - on shelves. During storage, they must be protected from moisture and aggressive environments.
1.4. Accounting for protective equipmentin electrical installationsand control over their condition
1.4.1. All in operation electrical protective equipment and individual protection means must be numbered, with the exception of protective helmets, dielectric carpets, insulating stands, safety posters, protective fences, transfer and potential equalization rods. Factory numbers are allowed.
The numbering is set separately for each type of protective equipment, taking into account the accepted system of organization of operation and local conditions.
The inventory number is applied, as a rule, directly on the means of protection with paint or knocked out on metal parts. It is also possible to put the number on a special tag attached to the protective equipment.
If the protective equipment consists of several parts, a common number for it must be put on each part.
Protective equipment issued for individual use must also be registered in the journal.
N __________
Valid up to __________ kV
(laboratory name)
Protective equipment, the use of which does not depend on the voltage of the electrical installation (dielectric gloves, galoshes, boots, etc.), is stamped in the following form:
N __________
Date of the next test "____"______________ 20 ___
_________________________________________________________________________
(laboratory name)
The stamp must be clearly visible. It must be applied with indelible paint or glued on the insulating part near the limiting ring of the insulating electrical protective equipment and devices for working under voltage or at the edge of rubber products and safety devices. If the protective equipment consists of several parts, the stamp is put on only one part. The method of applying the stamp and its dimensions should not impair the insulating characteristics of the protective equipment.
When testing dielectric gloves, overshoes and galoshes, marking should be made according to their protective properties Ev and En, if the factory marking is lost.
On protective equipment that did not pass the test, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint.
Insulated tools, voltage indicators up to 1000 V, as well as safety belts and safety ropes, are allowed to be marked using available means.
1.5. General rules for testing protective equipmentin electrical installations
1.5.1. Acceptance, periodic and type tests are carried out at the manufacturer in accordance with the standards given in Applications 4 and 5 , and the methods set out in the relevant standards or specifications.
Mechanical tests are carried out before electrical ones.
Electrical testing of insulating rods, voltage indicators, voltage indicators for checking the coincidence of phases, insulating and electrical clamps should begin with checking the dielectric strength of the insulation.
The rate of voltage rise to 1/3 of the test voltage can be arbitrary (a voltage equal to the specified one can be applied by a push), a further increase in voltage should be smooth and fast, but allowing reading the readings of the measuring device at a voltage of more than 3/4 of the test voltage. After reaching the rated value and holding at this value for a rated time, the voltage must be smoothly and quickly reduced to zero or to a value not higher than 1/3 of the test voltage, after which the voltage is turned off.
