Electrical protective equipment is designed to protect personnel working on electrical installations from injury. electric shock, the effects of an electric arc and an electromagnetic field.
Electrical protective equipment in electrical installations up to 1000 V are divided into:
a) insulating;
b) protecting;
c) helpers.
insulating serve to isolate a person from live parts and, in turn, are divided into main and additional.
Main- these are the means of protection, the insulation of which can withstand the operating voltage for a long time. They allow you to touch live parts under voltage. These include:
- insulating rods;
- insulating and electrical pliers;
- dielectric gloves;
- dielectric shoes;
- fitter and assembly tool with insulating handles;
- voltage indicators.
Additional insulating means by themselves do not provide protection against electric current, but are used in conjunction with fixed assets. These are insulating stands, rugs, boots.
Enclosing protective equipment serves to temporarily protect live parts, as well as to prevent erroneous actions when working with switching equipment. These are portable fences, shields, insulating pads, portable grounding.
Taking into account the proposal of the Commission. In cooperation with the European Parliament. Taking into account the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee. Whereas it is important to take action aimed at. Whereas various Member States have adopted provisions over the years regarding numerous personal protective equipment for various reasons such as health, safety at work and user protection.
While these national regulations are often very detailed in terms of requirements for the design, manufacture, quality level, testing and certification of personal protective equipment in order to protect individuals from injury and illness. Whereas, in particular, national regulations concerning labor protection require the use of personal protective equipment; while many regulations oblige the employer to provide appropriate personal protective equipment to employees in the absence or insufficiency of priority collective protection measures.
Auxiliary means are used to protect against falls from a height, thermal effects. These include safety belts, safety ropes, claws, goggles, gloves and gas masks. According to the PUE, all electrical devices are tested for mechanical and electrical strength.
Personnel servicing electrical installations are provided with all necessary protective equipment to ensure the safety of work.
All electrical protective equipment in use must be numbered. The number is applied directly to the protective equipment itself and can be combined with the test stamp.
In workshops, at a substation (with centralized service - in service, at a site), in a laboratory, at sites of construction and installation organizations, etc. it is necessary to keep logs of accounting and content of protective equipment, which should indicate: name, inventory numbers, location, dates of periodic tests and inspections. Magazines once every 6 months should be checked by a person responsible for the state of protective equipment.
Protective equipment that is in individual use must also be registered in the journal of accounting and maintenance of protective equipment, indicating the date of issue and signed by the person who received them.
During operation, electrical protective equipment is subjected to periodic tests and inspections at the times specified in Table. one.
Whereas, divergent national provisions must be reconciled to ensure the free movement of these. Products without their existing level of protection, when justified in the Member States, are omitted, and so they can be increased when necessary.
Whereas the provisions on the design and manufacture of personal protective equipment provided for in this Directive, which are necessary in particular in order to find a safer working environment, do not prejudge provisions concerning the use of personal protective equipment and the organization of the health and safety of workers in the workplace .
Table 1.
Timing of Periodic Tests and Inspections electrical protective equipment up to 1000 V
protective equipment | Periodicity |
|
tests | inspections Whereas this Directive only defines the essential requirements to be met by personal protective equipment; while in order to facilitate the demonstration of compliance with the essential requirements, it is important to have harmonized standards at European level, in particular with regard to design, manufacture, specifications and test methods for personal protective equipment, standards, respect provides. Whereas, taking into account the general and horizontal role of the Standing Committee established in accordance with Article 5 of the Directive. While monitoring compliance with these technical requirements is necessary to effectively protect users and third parties, while existing control procedures may differ significantly from one Member State to another and avoid several controls that, like many obstacles to the free movement of personal protective equipment, are necessary provide for mutual recognition of inspections by Member States; whereas, in order to facilitate such recognition of control, it is necessary, in particular, to provide for harmonized Community procedures and to agree on criteria to be taken into account in the designation of the bodies responsible for exercising the functions of verification, surveillance and verification. |
|
| Isolating pliers | 1 time in 24 months | 1 time in 12 months. |
| Electrical pliers | 1 time in 12 months. | 1 time in 6 months. |
| Voltage indicators | 1 time in 12 months. | 1 time in 6 months. |
| Dielectric rubber gloves | 1 time in 6 months. | Before use |
| Dielectric rubber galoshes | 1 time in 12 months. | Before use |
| Dielectric rubber mats | 1 time in 24 months | 1 time in 12 months. |
| Insulating pads | --- | 1 time in 36 months. |
| Fitting and assembly tool with insulating handles | 1 time in 12 months. | Before use |
The protective equipment that has passed the tests, in addition to the fitting tool with insulating handles and voltage indicators up to 1000 V, is stamped with the number, expiration date and name of the laboratory that conducted the tests. On protective equipment recognized as unusable, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint.
General rules the use of protective equipment is as follows:
electrical protective equipment is used for its intended purpose in electrical installations with a voltage not higher than that for which they are designed;
the main insulating means are designed for use in closed installations, and in open electrical installations and overhead lines they are used only in dry weather.
Before using protective equipment, personnel must check its serviceability, the absence of external damage, clean it from dust, and check the expiration date on the stamp.
For dielectric gloves, before use, check for punctures by twisting them towards the fingers. It is forbidden to use protective equipment whose expiration date has expired.
Hand tool used during assembly, dismantling, repair work, when servicing electrical equipment (screwdrivers, pliers, wire cutters, etc.), must be at least 100 mm long, have a coating of moisture-resistant non-fragile insulating material and special stops in front of the working part and be in good condition.
While the legal framework needs to be improved to ensure that the social partners contribute effectively and appropriately to the standardization process. Non-defensive duels worn or held by a person for the purpose of carrying out an activity. The scope of this Directive does not include.
The manufacturer may submit, on request, the declaration of conformity referred to in the article. The Commission publishes references to harmonized standards in the Official Journal of the European Communities. Member States publish references to national standards that transpose harmonized standards.
Question 1
What protective equipment refers to the main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V?
clause 1.1.6.IPISZ
The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:
Insulating pliers;
Voltage indicators;
Electrical clamps;
If a Member State or the Commission considers that the harmonized standards referred to in Article 5 are not satisfied. The Committee issues an opinion on emergency situations. Taking into account the opinion of the Committee, the Commission shall notify the Member States of the need to remove the relevant standards from the publications referred to in the article.
The representative of the Commission shall submit to the Standing Committee a draft of the measures to be taken. The said committee shall give its opinion on the draft within a time limit which the chairman may fix according to the urgency of the matter under consideration, if necessary by a vote.
Dielectric gloves;
Hand isolating tool.
Question 2
What protective equipment refers to additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V?
clause 1.1.6.IPISZ
Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:
The opinion must be recorded on the minutes, and each Member State has the right to request that its position be recorded on the minutes. The Commission shall take full account of the opinion of the Standing Committee and shall inform the Committee of how it takes that opinion into account.
The Member State shall immediately inform the Commission of this measure, state the reasons for its decision and, in particular, whether the non-compliance results from it. The Commission should consult with interested parties as soon as possible. Where the Commission considers that, after consultation, the measure is justified, it shall immediately inform the Member State that has taken the measure.
Dielectric galoshes;
Insulating caps, covers and linings;
Question 3
What means of protection are the main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V?
clause 1.1.6.IPISZ
The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:
Initiative and other Member States. When, after such consultations, the Commission considers that the measure is unreasonable, it shall immediately so inform the Member State which took the initiative, as well as the manufacturer or his authorized representative established within the Community. If the decision referred to in paragraph 1 is based on a gap in standards, it shall refer the matter referred to in Article 6(1) if the Member State which has taken the decision intends to retain it and initiate the procedure referred to in Article 6 paragraph.
The Commission shall ensure that Member States are kept informed of the progress and results of the procedure provided for in this Article. So that he can present it, if necessary, to the competent authorities. Mechanical aggressions, the effects of which are superficial. Low maintenance cleaners whose effects are easily reversible.
Insulating rods of all kinds;
Insulating pliers;
Voltage indicators;
Devices and fixtures for ensuring the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking the coincidence of phases, electrical pliers, cable piercing devices, etc.);
Special protective equipment, devices and insulating devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of 110 kV and above (except for rods for transferring and equalizing potential).
Atmospheric conditions that are neither exceptional nor extreme. Small shocks and vibrations do not affect vital parts of the body and cannot cause permanent damage. solar radiation. Enter exclusively in this category. Filtering respirators that protect against solid aerosols, liquids, or irritating, hazardous, toxic, or radioactive gases.
Fully isolating breathing apparatus of the atmosphere, including those designed for diving. Helmets and visors for motorcycle users. Each Member State shall notify the Commission and the other Member States of the recognized bodies responsible for carrying out the certification procedures referred to in Article 1. The Commission shall publish for information purposes in the Official Journal of the European Communities a list of such bodies and which it has assigned to them and shall ensure that it will be updated.
Question 4
What protective equipment refers to additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V?
clause 1.1.6.IPISZ
Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:
Dielectric gloves and boots;
Dielectric carpets and insulating pads;
Organizations that meet the assessment criteria provided for in the relevant harmonized standards are expected to meet the criteria. It shall promptly inform the Commission and its other Member States. An authorized representative must be established in the Community.
It is accompanied by an appropriate number of model samples to be approved. The notified body shall examine the production technical file to ensure that it is compatible with the harmonized standards referred to in the article. If the manufacturer has not applied or only partially applied the harmonized standards, or in the absence of these standards, the notified body must check the adequacy of the technical specifications used by the manufacturer in relation to the requirements before checking the adequacy of the technical file.
Insulating caps and linings;
Bars for transfer and potential equalization;
Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.
Question 5
What are the personal protective equipment?
clause 1.1.8.IPISZ
In addition to the listed protective equipment, the following personal protective equipment is used in electrical installations:
Manufactured against these specifications. During the inspection of the model, the body ensures that it is prepared in accordance with the technical file and that it can be safely used for its intended purpose. It carries out appropriate checks and tests to verify that the model conforms to the harmonized standards.
If the manufacturer has not applied or only partially applied the harmonized standards, or in the absence of these standards, the notified body must carry out appropriate checks and tests to verify that the model conforms to the technical requirements. used by the manufacturer, provided that they comply with these basic requirements.
Head protection means (protective helmets);
Eye and face protection (goggles and protective shields);
Respiratory protection equipment (gas masks and respirators);
Hand protection (mittens);
Fall protection equipment (safety belts and safety ropes);
Special protective clothing (sets for protection against electric arcs).
This certificate reproduces the findings of the examination, specifies the terms that may be attached to it, and includes the descriptions and drawings necessary to identify the approved model. The Commission, other approved bodies and other Member States may obtain a copy of the certificate and, upon reasonable request, a copy of the technical product file and the inspection and inspection reports.
The latter shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of the reasons for this decision. A notified body chosen by the manufacturer shall carry out the necessary checks. These checks are carried out randomly, usually at least once a year. The manufacturer receives an expert report from the notified body.
Question 6
What is the frequency of inspection of the state of protective equipment used in electrical installations?
p.p.1.4.2-1.4.4 IPISZ
1.4.2. In subdivisions of enterprises and organizations, it is necessary to keep logs of accounting and the content of protective equipment.
Protective equipment issued for individual use must also be registered in the journal.
The manufacturer may, on request, submit a report from the notified body. Commitment to fulfill the obligations arising from the quality system and to maintain its adequacy and effectiveness. The quality system documentation includes, in particular, an adequate description.
quality goals, organizational structure, executive responsibilities and authority for product quality. Inspections and tests to be carried out after production. Means for checking the effectiveness of the quality system. It implies compliance with these provisions for quality systems that implement the relevant agreed standard.
1.4.3. The presence and condition of protective equipment is checked by periodic inspection, which is carried out at least once every 6 months. (for portable grounding - at least 1 time in 3 months) by an employee responsible for their condition, with a record of the inspection results in a journal.
1.4.4. Electrical protective equipment, except for insulating stands, dielectric carpets, portable grounding, protective fences, posters and safety signs, as well as safety belts and safety ropes, received for operation from manufacturers or from warehouses, must be checked according to the standards of operational tests.
The decision is communicated to the manufacturer. It contains the findings of the review and the informed evaluation decision. The authority examines the proposed amendments and decides whether the modified quality system complies with the relevant provisions and notifies the manufacturer of its decision, which should contain the conclusions of the inspection and a reasoned evaluation decision.
Quality system documentation. During these visits, the organization shall provide a visit report and, if necessary, an inspection report to the manufacturer. It shall be notified to the person concerned as soon as possible, indicating the remedies available under the law in force in that Member State and the time limits within which those appeals must be lodged.
Question 7
Can expired products be used?
clause 1.2.8.IPISZ
Before each use of protective equipment, personnel must check its serviceability, the absence of external damage and contamination, and also check the expiration date on the stamp.
Expired protective equipment must not be used.
Question 8
How can you determine that electrical protective equipment has been tested and is suitable for use?
clause 1.4.5.IPISZ
Protective equipment that has passed the test, the use of which depends on the voltage of the electrical installation, is stamped with the following form:
Valid up to ____ kV
Date of the next test "___" ___________ 20__
________________
(laboratory name)
Protective equipment, the use of which does not depend on the voltage of the electrical installation (dielectric gloves, galoshes, boots, etc.), is stamped in the following form:
Date of the next test "___" ____________ 20__
________________
(laboratory name)
The stamp must be clearly visible. It must be applied with indelible paint or glued to the insulating part near the limiting ring of insulating electrical protective equipment and devices for working under voltage or at the edge of rubber products and safety devices. If the protective equipment consists of several parts, the stamp is put on only one part. The method of applying the stamp and its dimensions should not impair the insulating characteristics of the protective equipment.
When testing dielectric gloves, overshoes and galoshes, marking should be made according to their protective properties Ev and En, if the factory marking is lost.
On protective equipment that did not pass the test, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint.
Insulated tools, voltage indicators up to 1000 V, as well as safety belts and safety ropes, are allowed to be marked using available means.
Question 9
In which electrical installations can test lamps be used as voltage indicators?
clause 2.4.24. IPISZ
In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, two types of indicators are used: bipolar and single-pole.
Two-pole indicators operating with the flow of active current are designed for electrical installations of alternating and direct current.
Single-pole indicators operating with the flow of capacitive current are intended for electrical installations only with alternating current.
The use of two-pole pointers is preferred.
The use of test lamps to check the absence of voltage is not allowed.
Question 10
In which electrical installations, when using a voltage indicator, is it necessary to wear dielectric gloves?
clause 2.4.22. IPISZ
In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, the voltage indicator should be used with dielectric gloves.
Question 11
During what time should direct contact of the voltage indicator with controlled current-carrying parts be ensured when checking the absence of voltage in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V?
p.p.2.4.33-2.4.35 IPISZ
2.4.33. Before starting work with the pointer, it is necessary to check its serviceability by briefly touching current-carrying parts that are obviously energized.
2.4.34. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the indicator with the controlled current-carrying parts must be at least 5 s.
2.4.35. When using single-pole indicators, contact must be ensured between the electrode on the end (side) part of the body and the operator's hand. The use of dielectric gloves is not allowed.
Question 12
What are electrical clamps used for?
clause 2.8.1. IPISZ
Clamps are designed to measure current in electrical circuits voltage up to 10 kV, as well as current voltage and power in electrical installations up to 1 kV without violating the integrity of the circuits.
Question 13
In which electrical installations are dielectric gloves used as the main insulating electrical protective equipment?
clause 2.10.1. IPISZ
Question 14
In which electrical installations are dielectric gloves used as an additional insulating electrical protective agent?
clause 2.10.1. IPISZ
Gloves are designed to protect hands from electric shock. They are used in electrical installations up to 1000 V as the main insulating electrical protective agent, and in electrical installations above 1000 V - additional.
Question 15
How are dielectric gloves checked for punctures?
clause 2.10.7.IPISZ
Before use, the gloves should be inspected, paying attention to the absence of mechanical damage, contamination and moisture, and also check for punctures by twisting the gloves towards the fingers.
Question 16
In what electrical installations are dielectric galoshes used?
paragraphs 2.11.1-2.11.3 IPISZ
Question 17
What electrical installations are used dielectric boots?
paragraphs 2.11.1-2.11.3 IPISZ
2.11.1. Special dielectric footwear (galoshes, boots, including boots in a tropical version) is an additional electrical protective equipment when working in closed, and in the absence of precipitation - in open electrical installations.
In addition, dielectric shoes protect workers from step voltage.
2.11.2. In electrical installations, dielectric boots and galoshes are used, made in accordance with the requirements of state standards.
2.11.3. Galoshes are used in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, boots - at all voltages.
Question 18
What are they for? safety helmets?
paragraphs 4.1.1-4.1.4 IPISZ
4.1.1. Helmets are designed to protect the head of a worker from mechanical damage, from water and aggressive liquids, as well as from electric shock in case of accidental contact with live parts energized up to 1000 V.
4.1.2. Depending on the conditions of use, the helmet can be equipped with an insulated balaclava and a waterproof cape, anti-noise headphones, shields for welders, and head lamps.
4.1.3. General technical requirements for protective helmets, requirements for construction helmets, plastic mining helmets and methods for their testing at manufacturing enterprises are set out in state standards.
4.1.4. Helmets consist of a body, internal equipment (shock absorber and carrying tape) and a chin strap.
Question 19
Which of the following posters are prohibited?
Annex 9 IPIS
Safety posters and signs
Question 20
Which of the following are warning signs?
Annex 9 IPIS
Safety posters and signs
| Poster or sign number | Purpose and name | Execution, dimensions, mm | Application area |
| Same | |||
| To warn of the risk of electric shock WARNING ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE | |||
| To warn of the risk of electric shock, STOP! VOLTAGE | |||
| To warn of the danger of electric shock during testing increased voltage TRIAL. LIFE THREATENING | |||
| To warn about the danger of climbing on structures, in which it is possible to approach live parts under voltage, DO NOT CLIMB! WILL KILL | |||
| To warn about the danger of ED exposure to personnel and to prohibit movement without protective equipment | |||
Question 21
Which of the following posters are indicative?
Annex 9 IPIS
Question 22
What type of safety placard is a placard that says "Caution! Electrical Voltage"?
Annex 9 IPIS
Safety posters and signs
| Poster or sign number | Purpose and name | Execution, dimensions, mm | Application area |
| Warning signs and posters | |||
| To warn of the risk of electric shock WARNING ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE | In electrical installations up to and above 1000 V power plants and substations. It is fixed on the outer side of the entrance doors of the switchgear (with the exception of the doors of the switchgear and transformer substation located in these devices); external doors of chambers of switches and transformers; fencing of current-carrying parts located in industrial premises; doors of panels and assemblies with voltage up to 1000 V | ||
| Permanent sign | |||
| Same | Same | In a populated area*1. It is strengthened on the supports of overhead lines above 1000 V at a height of 2.5-3 m from the ground, with spans of less than 100 m it is strengthened through the support, more than 100 m and road crossings - on each support. When crossing the road, the signs should be facing the road, in other cases - on the side of the support alternately on the right and left sides. Posters are mounted on metal and wooden supports |
Question 23
What type of safety poster is a "Grounded" poster?
Annex 9 IPIS
