Substations include electrical installations that serve to convert and distribute electricity, and switchgear (RU) - installations for its reception and distribution. Substations are built according to standard designs, which contributes to the introduction of industrial methods of construction and installation. At substations and switchgears handed over for installation, access roads, lifting installations should be built, permanent or temporary networks for supplying electricity should be laid, electric lighting should be installed, embedded parts and bases in the floor should be installed and mounting openings should be left for moving large-sized equipment, cable structures should be prepared. and underground communications. In open switchgears ah, metal and reinforced concrete structures should be installed, verified and fixed, foundations for equipment should be built.
Every day we use many devices that require constant power. Not surprisingly, modern electrical installations must be properly designed. The electrical installation of a home or office is part of a wider network wired systems located in a building with electrical equipment. We make sockets, lighting, power supply for air conditioners, etc. in offices, hotels, warehouses and other facilities for various purposes.
Only a properly designed electrical installation is an integral part of a building's equipment and largely ensures its proper and safe use. What should be the electrical installations? The electrical installation is part of a low voltage network, which is a conduit system that consists, among other things.
Installation of substations and switchgear, as well as other electrical installations, is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, all preparatory and procurement work is carried out: electrical equipment, structures and materials are assembled; carry out pre-assembly and revision of equipment. At the second stage, the actual installation of electrical equipment is performed.
Cable Connections and Connectors Dashboard Power Lines and Lines Receiving System Multiple circuits available. If you are interested in electrical installation in the building - contact us. Electrical switchgear is part of the electrical network, which includes devices and components for connecting and disconnecting electrical circuits.
Electrical switchgear is based on electrical equipment - eg. Distribution boxes also consist of a counter. When connected to the network, the distributor completes all work related to the installation of the meter installed in the switchgear. Our switches are prepared in our own workshop under the supervision of qualified power engineers.
The most important condition for the high quality of installation work is the supply of reliable electrical equipment that meets all requirements for installation. Therefore, before installing it, a qualified pre-installation check is organized. The procedure, scope and evaluation criteria during the pre-installation preparation period depend on the type of electrical equipment and are determined by regulatory documents and factory instructions. Minor defects found during the inspection should be eliminated.
Electrical shields and their types. When connecting to a network, you need to decide what kind of structure we need. Switchboards for networks up to 150 A, most commonly used in industrial buildings, cabinet distribution cabinets adapted to a current of several thousand amperes. They are increasingly used because they make it easier to read the meter when the owner is not at home.
- They are also used for high voltage networks.
- External electrical panels are installed on the walls of buildings or in front of buildings.
INSTALLATION OF INSULATORS AND BAR. in substations and distribution plants use support, bushing and linear (suspended) insulators for indoor and outdoor installations.
Before installation, the insulators are cleaned of dirt and paint, remove solid particles and subjected to a thorough check. At the same time, the quality of the surface of the insulator, the condition of galvanized metal parts, the strength of the reinforcement, the geometric dimensions (selectively), and the insulation resistance are checked.
They are used for single and multi-family housing, as well as for many utilities. The low current devices developed and implemented by our company are very functional and applicable. Security alarm systems Intercom systems Access control systems Fire alarm systems Audible alarms Industrial television. The above settings low current do not cover a wide range of their applications. However, the fact is that they must be developed by professionals who give us control over who is authorized to live in a certain area.
On the surface of porcelain insulators, there should be no through or surface cracks, inclusions of sand, ceramic material or metal. The area of chips of broken edges should not exceed the values normalized by GOST.
The surface of galvanized metal parts must be free of cracks, shells, wrinkles, nicks, and traces of corrosion. The strength of the reinforcement of insulators is considered sufficient if the caps, flanges, caps do not swing or rotate. The seams of the reinforcing ligament should not have cracks, unevenness and damage to the moisture-resistant coating. The air gap between the edge of the flange, cap or cap and the insulating part must be at least 2 mm for porcelain and 1 mm for glass insulators; the thickness of the seam of the reinforcing ligament is not less than 2 mm; non-parallelism of the end surfaces of the support insulators indoor installation no more than 2 and 1 mm insulators outdoor installation; mismatch of the center, flange, cap or cap with an insulating part - no more than 2 mm. The resistance of the insulator, measured with a megohmmeter for a voltage of 2500V, at a positive temperature must be at least 300 MΩ.
Supervision of the work of power networks and equipment up to 1 kV and more Supervision of the work electrical networks and devices.
- Operation of electrical networks and equipment up to 1 kV and above.
- Power equipment network operation - heat.
- Works on measurement and control of electrical equipment - cost of participation - 400 sq.
The Białystok branch also conducts qualification examinations for persons in supervisory positions and for the operation of power, heat and power equipment. The exam fee is 10% of the lowest salary. Measurement of equipment, machines and electrical installations. Number of lectures and classes: 40 Course for people with electrical education. Waste heat recovery. Number of lectures: 20 to Duration: 3 to 3 weeks. Economic energy and energy, using, among others. Computer technology, adjustable drives, power capacitors. Course for people with energy or electrical education. Measurement of energy factors as a way to reduce costs. Course duration: from 2 days to 3 weeks. This course is for people with a degree in Energy or Energy. Explosion-proof electrical appliances. Duration: from 2 days to 3 weeks. Seminar - training in the latest standards for people involved in the operation of electrical and electrical equipment. A course for people performing fire protection measurements up to 1 kV and lightning protection measurements. The student of the course must have a secondary education. Seminar for graduates of secondary and higher education in the field of regulation of electrical appliances. Preparatory Course for qualification exams in the field of operation of electrical equipment up to 1 kV. This course is for people with intermediate or higher education who are in leadership positions. At the end of the course, students can receive qualification certificates before the commission. It is intended for the power industry with at least 6 months experience. It is designed for people with primary and secondary education when using switchgear. This course is intended for electricians who wish to perform protective measures on electrical equipment. At the end of the course, students will be able to qualify after completing the exam. Course duration - 57 hours. Preparatory courses for examinations for a master's degree or a skilled worker in energy specialties.
- Operation of equipment, machines and electrical installations.
- Number of lectures: 30 to Duration: 3 to 6 weeks.
- Course for people with electrical education.
- Operation of equipment, machines and power plants.
- Course for people with energy education.
- Cost: 125, - per person.
- Course for supervisors in the field of energy and electrical equipment.
- Cost: 250, - per person.
- This course is designed for energy professionals with at least 6 months work experience.
- The course of operation of power equipment in mining.
- Course for persons performing electrical and operational measurements up to 1 kV.
- Course for persons involved in the operation of power equipment up to 1 kV.
- Course duration - 39 hours.
- Preparation for exams to obtain qualifications in the field.
- Qualification examinations for qualification for level 1 qualification.
As a rule, post insulators are installed on metal support structures or directly on walls. 4 or overlays. The support and bushing insulators in the switchgear are fixed so that the surfaces of the caps are in the same plane and do not deviate from it by more than 2 mm. The axes of all supporting or bushing insulators standing in a row should not deviate to the side by more than 5 mm. The flanges of post and bushing insulators installed on plastered bases or on bushing plates must not be recessed. Insulators of different phases are placed along one line perpendicular to the phase axis. The bushings are installed on an angle steel frame covered with an asbestos-cement slab or in a concrete slab. The diameters of the holes for bushings in slabs or partitions must be 5-10 mm larger than the diameter of the embedded part of the insulators. Busbar holders are fixed on the mounted insulators. Tire preparation is carried out centrally in specialized workshops. The main works in the preparation of tires include: sorting and selecting them according to sections and lengths; straightening, cutting and bending tires; marking and preparation of holes for collapsible connections; preparation of contact connections.
Similar courses are organized by the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automation and Computer Science at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering over the last two semesters. The volume of courses organized by executives is focused on the needs of the company or enterprise. Classes are conducted by experienced staff with high experience in specific professional areas, as well as pedagogical training. These courses are highly valued by participants who, within a relatively short period of time, are able to become familiar with the latest rules applicable to their positions.
Individual tires are driven on beams or slabs with hammer blows, through a pad that softens blows. Tire bending is performed according to templates made of steel wire with a diameter of 3-6 mm. Tires are bent flat on edge, corkscrew or duck. In this case, the following conditions must be met: the tire bending radius on the plane must be at least twice the thickness of the tire; in edge bends for tires with a width of less than 50 mm, the bending radius must be at least its width, and for a width of more than 50 mm it must be equal to 2 times the width of the tire; when bending into a corkscrew, the length must be at least 2.5 times the tire width. Bending of tires on a plane and an edge is performed on tire benders with ganks or manual tire benders, and with a corkscrew and a duck - on special devices.
The course ends with an oral examination and the issuance of a qualification certificate. The duration of the course varies from 15 to 40 hours, depending on the preparation of the student and the needs of the participants. The cost of training depends on the duration of the course and the number of students. You can customize the course program to the needs of the student.
The approximate cost of the courses per person is as follows, given that there will be 20 participants in the course. If you organize a course outside the city of Kielce, you will be charged for the operation of the coaches at the price of 1 km from your car. The above rates are lower for more than 20 participants. When listening to less than 20 people, the cost of the course increases proportionally. Course prices are contract prices.
When preparing tires for bolting, holes are made by punching on a press or by drilling on a machine. On installed and curved tires, a drill is used to drill holes. For a better fit of the contacting surfaces, longitudinal cuts are made on tires with a width of more than 60 mm. The contact surfaces are processed to remove dirt, preservative grease and film on a tire-cutting machine or with a file coated with a layer of grease. The tires on the insulators are fixed flat or on the edge with the help of planocta to ensure the possibility of their longitudinal movement when the temperature changes. With a large length of tires, to eliminate linear deformations, tire compensators are installed on them, consisting of a package of thin tapes, with a total cross section equal to the cross section of the tire. In the middle of the total length or in the middle of the section between the expansion joints, the tires must be fixed rigidly. The bus supports must not create a closed loop around the tires, for this one of the linings or all the tie bolts located on one side of the bus must be made of non-magnetic material. The laid tires are verified with a stretched wire, a level or a plumb line, since they must lie straight on the insulators, without distortions, without visible transverse curvature and waviness.
If you are sending a large group of people, the exam can be held at a mutually agreed time and place. Preparation for the qualification exam in the operation and measurement of electrical equipment and supervision. Participation fee: 500, - for people from free recruitment. The course can be attended by electricians or persons with an appropriate degree who have a building practice. The exam is hosted at the voivodeship office. Devices, networks and electrical installations up to 1 kV Devices, networks and installations Gas appliances, networks and installations. Course duration: 51 hours. lectures 10 hours Practical exercises in the field of measurement. Required Education: Intermediate Electricity 5 years of practice or Higher Electrical Education 2 years of practice. Electricity for persons employed in the supervision or operation of equipment, installations and electrical networks listed in Group 1. Energy for persons employed in positions of supervision and operation of equipment, installations and electrical networks in group 2.
- Course duration: 4-6 days.
- Duration of training: 2-3 days.
- Course duration: 7 days.
- Required education: minimum.
- Preparation course for examination and building permit for electricians.
Tires are connected by welding or bolts. Welding should be preferred. A bolted connection is used only when, according to operating conditions, its disassembly is necessary. Such a connection for aluminum busbars, aluminum busbars with a copper or aluminum alloy must be replenished using stabilization means - hardware made of non-ferrous metals or steel, but using Belleville springs. Tires made of other materials can be connected with steel bolts and nuts. In electrical installations with high humidity and in rooms with an aggressive chemical environment, it is recommended to use adapter plates: copper-aluminum or hard aluminum alloy for connecting aluminum busbars to copper ones, as well as for connecting busbars to devices.
Applicants who apply to study require a "Seal" and a course fee. The courses are for adults. Duration: main course, i.e. lead-free and control-free, covers approximately 48 hours and varies from 3 to 6 weeks, depending on listener availability. In order to take advantage of the operation of the power supplies, the control and measurement work takes an additional 10 hours.
Each course ends with a certificate of completion and a qualifying exam, after which the exams will earn their respective qualification certificates. The fee also includes study guides for learning. The courses are intended for guardians and operators of electrical and thermal equipment. Course participants may be persons operating power equipment and persons operating power equipment that will pay for the course. The cost of a course depends on factors such as the number of participants and the range of courses. Duration: approximately 1 month. Entry requirements for the course are in accordance with current building legislation. Courses and examinations for the professional qualification of a master and apprentice in electrical engineering and electromechanics in accordance with state requirements. Requirements in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry national education. Other specialized courses organized according to the needs of the interested persons. For operators in operation and measurements up to 1 kV and without voltage limitation. For people who want to acquire skills and qualify to conduct electrical measurements. For people working in explosive environments. Duration - according to the individual program. To prepare for the building test according to the new building legislation. Overview of professional specialization applications for electrical engineers and technicians. View referral requests for products and services in the electrical industry. Operation of equipment, installations and networks at power plants of Groups 1 and 2; Device measurement, installation and network usage in group 1 and group. Preparation for measurements in electrical installations, Preparation for qualification examinations in the field of operation electrical installations and equipment, In the field of operation of various electrical devices for non-power plants, Lectures on the principles of operation, installation and operation of heat pumps and solar collectors and the economic consequences of using these devices. Devices, networks and electrical installations, Devices, networks and thermal installations, Devices, networks and gas installations. Preparatory course for qualification exams in the field of installation and installation of electrical equipment up to 1 kV. This course can be used by individuals who have taken a course in the field of activity.
- Courses of measurement and control for electromechanics.
- Duration: about 40 hours.
- Students can join the course without any additional requirements.
- Increase rates for management and design allowances in all industries.
- For employees working up to 1 kV - course duration: 4 days.
- Duration of training: 10 days.
- For power consumption without voltage limitation.
- Duration: 5 days.
- Information activities and technical consultations.
- For employees in the institution, for individuals, stationary, at the director's place.
- Participants receive a certificate of completion.
- Persons with a power of 1 kV can participate in the course.
Joints of busbars when bolted must be separated from the heads of insulators and branch points at a distance of at least 50 mm.
After finishing work on the busbar, the quality of the connections is selectively checked. Welded seams should not have cracks, shells, burns, lack of penetration with a length of more than 10% of the length of the seam (but not more than 3 mm), undercuts with a depth of more than 10% (but not more than 3 mm), etc. In bolted joints, check the tightness of the contact surfaces. When properly tightened, a 0.02 mm thick probe should enter between the contact surfaces to a depth of no more than 5-6 mm.
When mounting the busbar, the correct phase sequence must be ensured, which is achieved by a certain arrangement of the busbars. In closed switchgear, the following conditions for their installation must be met: with vertical busbars phases A-B-C top down; with a horizontal, inclined or triangular arrangement, the most distant bus of phase A, the middle bus - phase B, the closest to the service corridor - phase C; branches from busbars - from left to right A-B-C, if you look at the tires from the service corridor. The color of the tires of the same name in each electrical installation must be the same. The PUE established the following color of the tires: with a three-phase current, the phase A bus is yellow, the B phases are green, the C phases are red, the zero working N is blue, the zero protective PE is in the form of alternating yellow-green stripes; at DC: positive bus (+) - in red, negative (-) - in blue and zero working - in blue.
Electricity has long been a familiar good for people, used daily in everyday life, in production and in other areas of activity. But we rarely think about what complex equipment provides power to objects. But the inclusion of familiar electrical appliances and the simple ignition of a light bulb would be impossible without the work of specialists who ensure the reliable and safe operation of electrical installations.
