Difficulties in mastering the sonar sounds "r" and "r'" are often found in children preschool age. Along with reading and writing, many parents really want their child to learn how to pronounce this letter correctly before school. Learning to pronounce the letter P without a speech therapist will help special classes on the correct sound pronunciation.

Pronunciation difficulties: why the child does not pronounce "R"

AT speech development the sound "r" is considered one of the most difficult to pronounce, so speech therapists allocate a large time period to study it. So, a two-year-old child cannot yet speak the letter P clearly and clearly. But by the age of 5-6, it is time for productive results in sound pronunciation.

In what case is the pronunciation of R considered incorrect:

• When voicing the word “r”, it falls out of pronunciation (caravan - “ka_avan”);
• In words with the letter “r”, the child changes / swallows the ending;
• The kid in his speech replaces “r” in words with simpler sounds “s”, “l” or “th” (rainbow - “laduga”, tree - “deyevo”, etc.);
• The sound "p" the child pronounces with vibration or guttural, in the French manner.

Note! Incorrect pronunciation is permissible as the child's articular apparatus prepares for mastering the sounds of speech. But when 1.5-2 years of training do not lead to an improvement in speech, there is reason to be wary.

Video assistant: learning to say the sound “R” beautifully:

Body Factors Affecting Difficulty in Pronouncing R

The difficulty of pronouncing the sound "r" can be due to many reasons, including physiological ones, which cannot be ignored.

• Tongue frenulum

An undeveloped frenulum can impede the formation of speech, including interfering with the correct pronunciation of sounds. The child simply cannot reach the upper palate with his tongue and reproduce the sound. The degree of underdevelopment of the frenulum is determined by the speech therapist, he also decides on the need for its correction.

On a note! The frenulum can be developed with the help of speech gymnastics exercises, in extreme cases, surgical intervention is used.

• Sedentary speech apparatus

Weak mobility of the face and organs of speech can be the cause of poor speech quality in a child. His training is necessary to strengthen the facial muscles. Active movements of the mouth (big smile, lips with a tube, etc.), grimaces contribute to the preparation of the articular apparatus for the correct pronunciation of sounds. The better the speech organs are developed, the clearer the speech will be in the baby.

• Incorrect phonemic perception

With this violation, the child incorrectly interprets the word he hears (pipe - “here”, pajamas - “bizyama”, etc.). Mispronounced sounds may seem funny to adults, but by repeating them over and over again, the child runs the risk of distorting them with increasing regularity.

• Disturbed breathing

If air leaks while breathing in the wrong direction, the sounds may not be pronounced correctly by the child. This is especially noticeable in preschoolers, when R is pronounced “on the nose”. The cause (in addition to nasal congestion from a runny nose) may be enlarged adenoids, poor lung performance, problems with the cardiovascular system. In this case, speech breathing is corrected under the supervision of a doctor with the help of exercises that alternate physical and speech load.

Do you need help from a speech pathologist?

It is quite possible to teach your child to pronounce the sound R correctly on their own. But the initial consultation of a speech therapist will not be superfluous. The specialist will help to correctly determine the cause of pronunciation difficulties, as well as offer the best options for the formation of clear and intelligible speech.

How a speech therapist can help a child:

• determine the specific cause of the child's speech disorder;
• study the symptoms and structure of speech disorders;
• will make an individual system of corrective influence on the speech apparatus.

The first visit to a speech therapist usually occurs at the age of 2-3 years, it is provided for in a planned examination before going to Kindergarten. Almost always, in conjunction with a consultation with a speech therapist, a neuropathologist examines the child to exclude violations in the development of the brain (dysarthria, dyslalia, bradilalia, etc.).

Learning to say "R": speech gymnastics

Many parents are wondering how to quickly teach a child to say the letter R. At home, the speech apparatus can be developed using simple exercises. At the initial stage of work, speech gymnastics is used. It is she who, in conjunction with the phased production of sounds, will make the baby's speech clearer.

Speech gymnastics is divided into three groups, each of which is important for the formation of the correct sound pronunciation. Here are a few examples of each type of gymnastics that can be used for difficulties in pronouncing the letter "P".

Breathing exercises

"Birthday". Try to imagine that you have a birthday cake with candles in front of you. Show your parents how you will blow out the candles. Get some air to blow it all out at once. And then try to blow on one of them.

"Snowflake Flight". Put a piece of fluffy cotton wool on your palm and imagine that it is a snowflake. Try blowing it off your hand. It turns out? Try to blow off two pieces at the same time. Inhalation should be through the nose, and exhalation should be smooth, long through the mouth.

Lip exercises

"Fence". Crush your teeth hard. Now open your lips (not your mouth!) and show your white picket fence. Hide it back. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times.

"Proboscis". Try to show what kind of proboscis the elephant has. To do this, stretch your lips forward as much as possible. What a trunk!

"Frog". Stretch your lips in a smile, show how wide the frog's mouth is.

Language exercises

"Needle". A sharp needle can be shown with the tongue. Open your mouth and stretch your narrow tongue forward.

"Horse". Try to show how the horse clicks. Open your mouth, lift and press your tongue to the palate, click it.

"Jam". Imagine that you have sweet jam on your lips. Open your mouth, try to lick your upper and lower lip with your tongue.

"Swing". Open your mouth, make a sharp tongue. Stretch the tongue first high to the nose, then lower it low to the chin. Repeat the exercise in the same sequence: up / down until the tongue gets tired.

We do “Drummer” and other useful exercises, as shown in the video:

Exercises for stretching the frenulum of the tongue

With a short frenulum of the tongue, speech therapists first of all recommend stretching it with massage and articulation exercises. They can be performed in game form, and with the proper approach, the bridle will cease to be an obstacle in the pronunciation of the sound "r". It should be noted that the conservative method of lengthening the frenulum is effective in children under the age of 5 years.

• Reaching for the nose

Reaching the tip of the nose is not a task for everyone, but you can hold a competition to see who can reach the strongest. The tip of the tongue should be pulled up as much as possible. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times a day.

• like a kitten

Has the child seen how kittens lap up milk? Invite your child to try lapping something like a domestic cat. For example, condensed milk on a plate. This is an excellent action for stretching the frenulum.

• Light massage

Massage of the hyoid frenulum in order to stretch it is carried out by an adult. This simple procedure can be carried out at home, after the speech therapist demonstrates the method of stretching the frenulum with a massage. The child opens his mouth and lifts the tip of his tongue up. With clean fingers (thumb and forefinger), the adult gently takes the bridle under the tongue and makes massaging movements. It is permissible to slightly pull the bridle up. Massage to do 2 times a day for 3 minutes.

Consolidation of the sound "P" in the child's speech

Teaching correct pronunciation at home should be done daily for 3-5 repetitions. Babies under 4-5 years old need to show the exercises by example. The child must clearly understand what is required of him and what the result should look like. Children after 5 years old can do some exercises in front of a mirror - according to speech therapists, this is how automation of the “r” sound works best.

• Say the syllables

• Clean tongues

RA-RA-RA (2 times) - I was with the guys yesterday.

Ro-ro-ro (2 times) - lost a rooster feather.

RU-RU-RU (2 times) - the hare hid in a hole.

RE-RE-RE (2 times) - we play in the yard.

UR-UR-UR (2 times) - with Katya we caught chickens.

• Repeat sentences

- The cow has horns.

- Vera and Roma are playing hide and seek.

The tourists lit a fire.

Fedor is chopping wood with an axe.

Ira has red mittens.

The driver will check the engine.

• repeat tongue twisters

– Large grapes grow on Mount Ararat.

- A mouse has a crust in its hole.

Three trumpeters were blowing their trumpets.

“After the dew roses grew.

- In the darkness, crayfish make noise in a fight.

• repeat nursery rhymes

Rowan grew by the river,

And the river flowed - rippled.

middle depth,

There was a fish walking around.

This fish is the fish king,

It's called "minnow".

There is a hill in the yard

Under the hill is a mink.

There is a mole in this mink

Guards the mink.

Yegor walked through the yard,

He carried an ax to mend the fence.

You can also teach the pronunciation of "r" at home with the help of children's literature. For the exercise you will need books with illustrations. Ask the child to name the pictured object, the name of which contains the letter P. These can be: chamomile, cancer, shirt, rocket, robot, drum, brand, steam locomotive, pipe, map, pyramid, etc.

We teach a child to say the sound "R" at home - what to take note of

Exercises for classes with a child are very simple, but, nevertheless, at first they can be difficult. If you decide to practice on your own, be patient and persistent in the process of mastering the pronunciation of the letter R. Remember - even small but regular speech training can bring results.

Here are a few useful tips on the process of teaching sound pronunciation:

• in order not to lose the child's interest in the exercises, practice several sounds in sequence. From simple tasks, move on to more complex ones, sequentially. If one of the tasks is difficult for a child from time to time, offer an alternative;
• use a variety of material to automate and reinforce sound in speech. Alternate in the classroom tongue twisters, poems, pictures with objects, sets of words that contain the sound being worked out;
• for a progressive result, a positive emotional state of the child is important. If the baby is not in the mood to do it for some reason, then do the exercises a little later;
• delivered sounds require constant consolidation in speech. Therefore, it is important to be systematic in conducting classes. Make time for the “problem” sound for at least 20 minutes daily.

Most domestic speech therapists agree that learning to pronounce the sound R correctly and fluently is one of the most difficult speech tasks for kids. Few of them cope with it on their own and on time. However, not only specialists, but also parents themselves can help them. With the help of elementary speech therapy exercises for sound production R.

Sound R: right or wrong

The R sound is one of the most complex sounds in the Russian language. To reproduce it, perfected movements of the speech apparatus, sufficient vibration and amplitude of the tongue, and other physiological “achievements” are required. It is not surprising that most children experience certain difficulties in forming the correct pronunciation of the R sound.

As a rule, there are not so many options for involuntary mangling of the R sound in the younger generation. The most common children's "bullying" of the sound R:

• The sound just skips, drops out. This is especially true for words where the R sound is between vowels: sa_ay(instead of a shed), ha_age(instead of a garage) ma_oz(instead of frost);
• Instead of the sound R, the sound L, S or Y is obtained: koowa(instead of a cow) Luke(instead of a hand) class(instead of paint), fish(instead of fish);
• The sound Р is pronounced recognizably, but it is not typical for the Russian language (bilingual children especially often “sin” with this). A child can pronounce the sound R not “firmly”, as is typical for our speech, but, for example, graze (as is customary in French), or vibrate excessively (which is typical for English).

How to check the pronunciation of the sound R in a child? First, ask the baby to “growl” - in other words, pronounce the sound R several times on its own, and not as part of any words. Then let the child repeat after you words like: crow, king, grass, order, etc. If the child fails to make a single sound R, then the first thing you have to practice is precisely this - to teach the baby to pronounce the sound R by itself. If the child “growls” “excellently”, but in words he pronounces the sound R incorrectly, then the correct pronunciation should be practiced primarily in syllables: ra-ro-ru-ri-ar-or-ir, etc.

Release the sound R "from under the bridle"

Since the article deals specifically with “home” exercises for setting the sound R in children, the first thing to do is to recall: even if you, full of parental love and speech therapy enthusiasm, decide to independently teach your baby to growl loudly no worse than a tiger cub and without embarrassment declare a rhymed story about a bitten Greek at family matinees, then you still need at least one, primary, consultation of a professional and experienced speech therapist.

The fact is that often the inability to correctly pronounce the sound R is due not so much to a poorly developed articulatory apparatus, immobility of the tongue and similar problems, but to the individual structure of the hyoid ligament - the so-called "bridle". And only a doctor can determine this nuance.

In most cases, the underdevelopment of the “bridle” (due to which the baby’s tongue simply does not reach the upper palate, which makes it difficult to pronounce a number of sounds, including the sound P) can be leveled through daily exercises and special massage. But sometimes there are cases when this ligament needs to be cut in order for the tongue to acquire the proper range of motion. It is this dilemma - to cut or not - that a speech therapist is able to resolve. Moms, dads, don't worry - modern doctors in most cases tend to stretch the "bridle" method by performing special speech therapy exercises, including exercises for setting the R sound.

Other causes of incorrect pronunciation of the sound P

Inactive articulatory apparatus. NOTE: In this case, you should be engaged not so much in directly setting the sound R, but in ... grimacing! In a playful way, stimulate the baby to actively “move in the mouth” - let him stick out his tongue, twist it into a tube (children love it!), Try to reach his nose or chin with his tongue, move his jaws, bare his teeth, stretch his lips in a smile “a- la Cheshire cat "and so on and so forth. All these funny pranks will quickly strengthen the facial muscles and develop the mobility of the speech organs.

Phonemic hearing disorder. NOTE: As a rule, phonemic hearing disorders (when a child hears speech structures of adults, recognizes them and tries to reproduce them in his speech) manifests itself in the fact that a child aged four or more years, when speaking or reading, skips letters / sounds in words and confuses voiced and deaf, as well as soft and hard consonants (for example: love- lubof, nanny- nana, Door- tver, stool- daburedka etc.)

"Problems" in speech breathing. NOTE: Speech breathing is the basis of proper adequate sound production. The most common disorders of speech breathing are usually chronic runny nose, enlarged adenoids, some immune diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system. For the development of proper speech breathing, its own special gymnastics is used (where speech is combined with exercise), which is usually prescribed by a speech therapist, adjusting to the individual characteristics of the child.

Science has proven that the ability to pronounce complex sounds - including the sound P - is determined not only by the developed articulatory apparatus and the characteristics of the speech that the child constantly hears, but also partly genetically.

If there are no serious physiological causes of a violation of diction in a child, then take recommendations from a speech therapist for speech gymnastics and start daily exercises.

Speech therapy exercises - it's time

It is worth seriously thinking about staging the sound R if the child has passed five years, and he has not learned to growl and purr “cleanly” and resoundingly by this moment. He still has swimmers in his aquarium lyby, fly into the sky shaiiki and give milk koyovy...

The first consultation with an experienced speech therapist will enrich you with knowledge of exactly what problems your baby has with the articulatory apparatus, and what specific exercises you should practice with him. But in addition to special gymnastics, there is also a more or less common set of exercises for all cases of setting the sound R, which you also have to perform daily with your baby. Get ready for the fact that you will spend an average of half an hour a day on this, and the whole saga of mastering pronunciation can stretch for a year and a half.

As a rule, the production of the sound R, as well as other sounds, is conditionally divided into three stages:

• first you must teach the child to confidently pronounce this sound in isolation, by itself;
• then you should master the confident pronunciation of sound in syllables and words;
• and only then train the sound in streaming speech, sentences and tongue twisters.

In everyday life, one can often observe the opposite picture: parents hang on the child, chattering tongue twisters and urging the baby to immediately repeat what was said. Alas, such tactics almost always lose - the child is frightened and generally refuses to train.

The key to success: patience and trrrrud all perRRRRetRRRut

Be patient and go from simple to complex. Fortunately or unfortunately, but the speech therapy task is fundamentally different, for example, from trying to teach someone to swim - if you can still learn to stay on the water and flounder with your limbs overnight, then it’s definitely not possible to pronounce sounds correctly. Since it is not so much the execution technique that plays a role here, but the gradual development and strengthening of the articulatory apparatus.

Remember one simple rule: any occupation, including speech therapy exercises should bring joy and positive emotions to the child. How you achieve this is your problem, not the baby's. And only if your offspring is happy to perform speech gymnastics (and keep in mind that it’s easy for you to roll your tongue and pronounce different sounds, and for a baby it’s always a lot of work, discomfort, and sometimes even certain painful sensations), you will succeed.

Come up with fun and amusing entertainment for the child with the sound / letter P, turn daily speech exercises into funny game, and never (even as a joke!) tease the baby - and you yourself will not notice how the child will firmly "make friends" with all the sounds of his native speech. Even with something as insidious as the sound of R.

Warm-up exercises

Setting the sound R is a daily workout. Each of which begins with a warm-up and “warming up” of the articulatory apparatus. Most effective exercises for warm up:

Exercise "Paint brush". The kid should smile and open his mouth. Further, as if with a brush, he should “stroke” the upper palate with his tongue - from the upper teeth and as deep as possible towards the throat. Repeat the exercise 10-12 times.

Exercise "Pendulum". As in the first case - you need to smile, open your mouth. Slightly stick out the tongue forward and shake it from side to side - from the right corner of the mouth to the left and so on. About 10-20 times.

Exercise "Accordion". We smile again and open our mouth. We press the tongue against the upper palate, as if we are going to pronounce soft and long sound"n". Without changing the position of the tongue, open the mouth as wide as possible, then close, open and close. About 15-20 times.

"Brushing our teeth." Starting position - smile and open your mouth. With the tip of the tongue, we draw along the inner surface of the upper teeth from left to right, as if “sweeping” them. We do the exercise 10-15 times. Then, without changing the starting position, we alternately rest our tongue against each upper tooth with inside, as if checking whether he is in place.

Exercise "Komarik". A very fun exercise! The baby should open his mouth, and push the tip of the tongue over the front teeth. In this position, try to pronounce the sound "z-z-z", then move the tongue back, this time resting it on the upper palate at the base of the teeth and say "z-z-z" again.

All these exercises perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, strengthen the muscles and gradually stretch the "bridle". However, to work out exactly the sound “P”, special staging exercises are needed.

Exercises for setting the sound R

Among the most simple exercises, suitable for independent daily speech gymnastics, include the following:

• 1 The child opens his mouth, and presses the tip of the tongue to the base of the upper teeth, while rhythmically and quickly pronouncing the sound "ddd". After a couple of seconds, ask him, without stopping, to blow hard on the tip of his tongue (that is, try to pronounce "d-d-d" on a strong exhalation). The sound P will not work yet, but the baby should feel the tangible vibration of the tongue and gradually remember it.
• 2 For the next exercise, you will need a special speech therapy spatula (it can be purchased at specialized stores, pharmacies and online stores). Nowadays, they are made quite comfortable for the baby, often with the smell of caramel, chocolate or fruit. Use it very carefully, but confidently, without timidity. So: to begin with, ask the child, opening his mouth wider, pronounce the sound “zhzhzh”, gradually moving the tongue closer to the base of the upper teeth. Let him get used to a couple of seconds, and then carefully insert the spatula under the child's tongue and begin to rhythmically (but not strongly!) Shake it left and right, creating vibration. At this time, the child should blow strongly on his sound “zhzhzh” - this way he will feel the vibration created by the air and the vibrations of the spatula.
• 3 Ask the baby to open his mouth wide and at the same time pronounce the syllable "z-z-za", pushing the tongue as far back as possible. At this time, as in exercise 2, slip a spatula under his tongue and move it rhythmically to the right and left. If this speech therapy exercise is performed correctly, you should hear a fairly distinct “P” sound.
• 4 In the same way, ask the child to pronounce the sound “z-z-zi” with an open mouth, and do the same spatula manipulations as in the previous exercise. In that case goes staging over soft sound P, which is used in words like "rhyme", "rice", "drawing" ...

It is known that in his youth, Lenin was very complex because of his burr. And at one time the future leader of the world proletariat devoted great attention R-sound exercises. Since the articulation of the R sound is similar to the articulation of the D sound, he practiced on words in which D and R stand side by side. Often from Volodya's room one could hear a speech therapy "mantra": fight, firewood, tease ...

You are the teacher of the year!

Since children are great repeaters, at every opportunity, do not be lazy to show your baby how great and skillfully you yourself pronounce the sound R. In fact, you are the best teacher and mentor for your child.

Lean closer to him so that he not only hears you, but also sees the position of your lips, facial expressions. Most often, this is how, imitating "carbon copy", children learn to pronounce sounds. Be a patient (and at the same time funny, smiling!) Example for your child - and he will definitely master the correct pronunciation. And be patient - it can take from several days to several months to practice each exercise in setting the sound P.

As soon as you hear that the child is able to more or less successfully pronounce the sound R in the exercises, start practicing syllables like "ra-ri-ru-ro" or "ara-tra-ura-or-mur" - that is, all kinds of combinations sound Р and vowels (so that the sound Р itself stands both at the beginning of the syllable, and in the middle, and at the end). Then move on to individual in simple words, such as "fish-hand-Murzik-arch-ball-cow" and others (again - the sound R should be in different places of words). And only when the child pronounces the words confidently and correctly, proceed to flowing speech.

Many parents perceive difficulties with the pronunciation of the R sound as serious problem. They connect a host of pediatricians and speech therapists to the "trouble", and the child begins to frighten with future difficulties in communication ... If you are a conscious and loving parent, stop this "hysteria" in the bud! Teach your child to deal with difficulties (including pronunciation) in a friendly, calm, and humorous way. And if you manage to turn speech therapy into an exciting game, you and your child will win in any case - either he will master the sound P, or learn to "fail" while remaining a confident person.

One of the most necessary skills that a baby should acquire in his first 2 years of life is to learn how to speak correctly, to speak and convey thoughts in words. It depends on whether he will be able to find a common language with others.

You do not know how to make or teach a child to speak without much difficulty? Then you should read this article.

Every parent wants their child to start talking as soon as possible. But all children are different, and the process of speaking they begin in different ways. Therefore, they think about how to teach a child to speak and help him cope with the difficulties of pronunciation of sounds and syllables.

stages

To properly prepare your child for adult life and to teach him to verbally express his thoughts, you need to learn a lot.

The process of mastering speech signs takes place in several stages:

• The baby begins to make the first sounds at the age of 2-3 months, it can even distinguish voices. The rest is like a pleasant melody for him.
• At 7-9 months, the baby tries to pronounce short words consisting of syllables - “pa-pa”, “ma-ma”, “give-give”, emotions are connected.
• At the age of one, a little talker has a meaningful speech, his vocabulary makes up a few simple words.
• After a year, the vocabulary is replenished up to 50-70 words.
• At 2 years old, the baby uses more detailed phrases, uses 120-300 words.
• In the third year of life there is an increase in vocabulary (up to 800 words). Here it is necessary to help develop articulation (during this period, he tends to replace complex sounds with simple “sharik-saik”).

How to teach a child to talk, what are the effective exercises and methods for developing the speech of a toddler? Many and other questions are of great interest to parents, so this topic must be approached seriously and with responsibility.

Techniques

It is important for parents to know how to teach a child to talk using effective techniques so that the learning process is interesting and does not tire the little one.

In order to develop logical thinking and imagination, you need to use games for comprehensive development. The assimilation of new knowledge occurs best during games, using figures of various geometric shapes, puzzles, origami.

Helps to develop intellectual abilities fine motor skills hands using finger gymnastics. Applying this system of development, the child forms a connection - thinking with action.

Conversational speech actively develops in children, starting from the age of two. Parents often wonder how to teach a child to speak?

There are several methods for teaching a child to talk at 2 years old:

• Talk to your child a lot and everywhere.
• Introduce the child to the surrounding sounds.
• Let the baby play with small objects: beans, beans, beads, sand.
• Reading fairy tales, stories, poems, singing songs together.
• Encourage the child to name the object that he asks for and mumbles, but does not name.
• Encourage your child to interact with other children.

Small details are very important, even if you don't think they are. Books, bright pictures and loud sounds, and much more shape artistic tastes. If the baby learns to express emotions in creativity, then verbally it will not be a problem for him.

Speech therapy exercises for speech development

How to teach a child to speak at 2 years old- This issue is carefully studied by physicians. If the baby is almost 3 years old, and he is still silent, or, conversely, speaks a lot, but nothing is clear, you need to help him cope with the difficulties of sound pronunciation.

Speech therapy exercises will help you understand how to quickly teach a child to talk.

At the age of 2-4 years, it is difficult for children to keep their attention on learning activities, so learning should be carried out in a playful way. Particular attention is paid to preparatory exercises and articulatory gymnastics.

Preparatory exercises

Silent mothers are looking for good advice on how to teach a child to talk.

Before you start staging a particular sound, you need to prepare and normalize:

• Muscle tone.
• Motility of the articulatory apparatus.
• Speech exhalation, the development of a smooth and long exhalation.
• Fine motor skills of the hands.

Even such details of the child's body greatly affect the pronunciation and the utterance of the first syllables and words. If you cannot help your child on your own, seek help from a speech therapist.

Articulation gymnastics

The purpose of articulation gymnastics consists in the development of full-fledged movements, certain positions, as well as the development of the muscles of the organs of the articulatory apparatus.

To put the correct pronunciation of sounds, you need to follow the rules of the exercises:

• Daily lessons.
• It is better to perform in front of a mirror.
• Do not perform more than 3-4 exercises at a time.
• The child consistently repeats after the adult.

These simple tips will help caring dad and mom learn how to teach a child to speak at home.

How to teach a child to say the letter P: speech therapy exercises

Many parents are interested in the question of how to teach a child to say the letter "r". For successful development and mastering the technique of setting, you must follow the following rules:

• Graduality.
• child's interest.
• Regularity of lessons.

By doing them, you will achieve dramatic changes, and your baby will begin to take the first steps in pronunciation. But this is not enough, since this letter is very difficult and pronouncing it is not so easy.

Effective speech therapy exercises for the sound "r", which will bring the desired result:

• First, the sound "r" must be pronounced separately (growl).
• Training the correct setting of the sound "r" in syllables and simple words.
• Automation of pronunciation with the help of tongue twisters, poems and in everyday speech.

For such a simple technique to help, it should be performed daily, but if the baby refuses, then you do not need to force it.

How to teach a child to say the letter S

Cases when the baby is bad, or even does not pronounce some letters of the alphabet at all, are very common. Moms are worried about how to teach the child to speak (hissing) sounds that are difficult for him. You should not worry too much about the baby's lisp, since he develops the correct pronunciation by 5-6 years.

How to teach a child to say the letter "Sh" without the help of specialists, we will now discuss. Before you start setting the letter "Sh", you need to do articulation gymnastics. A warm-up is used for the lips (tube, smile) and tongue ("tongue-cup", clatter).

Speech therapists advise first to work out the pronunciation of a single sound. You should ask the baby to say “ts-s-s”, hiding his tongue behind his teeth.

When the isolated sound "Sh" is fixed, you can pick up simple words with the letter "Sh", tongue twisters, nursery rhymes, rhymes.

How to teach a child to say the letter L

You need to know in advance how to teach a child to say the letter “L” in order to prevent the transition of incorrect speech into a habit. After all, correcting is always more difficult than teaching.

In order to put the correct articulation of the sound "L", you need:

• Show clenched teeth by stretching your lips into a smile (this will make it easier to pronounce a hard sound).
• The tip of the tongue may press on the upper teeth or on the alveoli.
• Make sure that the tongue is not adjacent to the side teeth, thereby allowing air to pass through.

To put the correct pronunciation of this sound, you need to repeatedly train it in syllables: LO-LY-LA-LU OR AL-OL-UL-YL.

Games and tongue twisters for speech development

The development of children's speech in the game gives parents an additional emotional connection, forms trusting and friendly relations. And the most fun game is learning tongue twisters together.

tongue game Help your child to learn the pronunciation of complex sounds for him. Mom needs to pronounce the selected sounds with him.

The cow grazes in the meadow - "Moo-moo-moo"

The bug is buzzing - "W-w-w"

The wind blows - "F-f-f"

Grasshopper chirps - "T-r-r-r", "T-c-s-s".

Game "Add a word" consists in adding one word to the phrase each time, while repeating the resulting phrase in full.

Tongue Twisters develop the baby's speech with the help of repetition and rearrangement, certain of the same sounds and syllables will be a great addition to children's activities.

Grass in the yard, firewood on the grass.

Frightened bear cub

Hedgehog with hedgehog and hedgehog.

Four turtles have four baby turtles.

Two puppies, cheek to cheek

Pinch the brush in the corner.

The seal lies all day

And he is not too lazy to lie down.

When to start teaching your child to talk (Age)

It is important for parents to remember that nothing can be achieved by force, if your baby does not want to pronounce something, you do not need to force it. There is a time for everything, but it will not be superfluous to look after.

The speech development process can be divided into 4 stages:

• From birth to 6 months (it is important to talk to a baby who babbles in response).
• From six months to 1 year (reproduction of short fairy tales by the baby).
• From 1 year to 1.5 years (name all surrounding objects).
• From 1.5 to 3 years (setting the correct pronunciation).

The most attention should be paid to the last stage. If development is left to chance, problems with speech in the future cannot be avoided. It is necessary to follow all the above methods, and it will be easier for your child to master and develop his speech apparatus and the ability to control it.

Young children do not always understand what their parents want from them, and sometimes you have to wait until he matures and speaks easily and without hesitation. Believe me, such a day will come, and then you will run away from annoying questions and stories.

Growing up, our children are increasingly replenishing their vocabulary. The need to talk is growing with each passing day. Unfortunately, most kids have problems with the pronunciation of individual sounds. Is it possible to teach a baby to pronounce sounds correctly at home, or will a speech therapist need help to eliminate speech defects?

What causes mispronunciation?

The most common mistake adults make when communicating with their child is imitating his speech. We lisp with a little man, often distorting the words. It turns out that our speech descends to the level of a baby. Instead of talking to young children as best as possible, pronouncing all the sounds and letters clearly, we deliberately make our speech obscure.

Since the child does not hear the correct speech from you, he will not be able to remember and repeat it. Therefore, in order for the baby to learn to speak correctly, your speech must be clear and legible.

The reason for the incorrect reproduction of individual sounds may be a feature of the structure of the speech apparatus

• The ligament under the tongue is shorter than it should be, making it difficult for it to move.
• Normal speech is hindered by the size of the tongue (too small or, on the contrary, large).
• Very thin or, on the contrary, plump lips, which makes their articulation difficult.
• Deviations in the structure of the teeth or jaw.
• A defect in the hearing aid that does not allow you to hear some sounds, and, therefore, to pronounce them correctly.

Some speech defects can be easily corrected by parents. The baby experiences the main difficulties when pronouncing hissing sounds - Zh, Ch, Sh, Shch, the letters P, as well as Z, G, K, L, S and C.

How to help your child pronounce hissing sounds?

Teaching a baby to pronounce the letters Zh, Ch, Sh, and Sh is a little easier than, for example, the letter R. Most often, children have a problem with the pronunciation of hissing Zh and Sh. At the same time, the sound Sh still does not hurt the ear as much as the incorrectly pronounced Zh .

Usually the problem with hissing occurs due to the fact that the baby is unable to relax the tongue and stretch it so that the edges touch the upper side teeth.

Therefore, the baby must be taught a few simple exercises.

1. Let's relax the tongue . Put the tongue on the lower teeth, like a pancake, and tap on it with the upper ones, while saying “Ta-ta-ta”. After that, the tongue should lie down relaxed. Then you need to slap it with your upper lip and say "Pa-pa-pa."
2. Lifting the tip of the tongue up . To complete the task, you need a chewing candy or gum (it will be a good motivation for the baby). It is necessary that he opens his mouth 2-3 cm, spread the tongue over the lower lip, sticking out its tip. Put a piece of candy on it and ask the child to stick it to the sky behind the upper teeth. Make sure that the baby only uses the tongue, and does not use the jaw.
3. Blowing air through the middle of the tongue . Place a small piece of cotton on the table. Let the baby smile and position the tongue as in the previous task. The task of the baby is to blow off the fleece to the other end of the table without puffing out the cheeks. At the same time, he must pronounce a semblance of the letter F.
4. Blowing cotton from the nose . The child opens his mouth, lays the tongue so that a groove is formed in the middle of it, and the edges almost converge. We put a piece of cotton wool on the nose, the Kid should take a deep breath in through the nose and exhale sharply through the mouth. At the same time, cotton wool should fly up.
5. We pronounce the sounds Zh and Sh . Ask the baby to pronounce the syllable SA, the tongue should be behind the teeth at this time. Then you need to move the tongue deeper into the mouth. As we move towards the alveoli, the sound from C turns into Sh. To get the sound Zh, we repeat the exercises, first pronouncing the syllable ZA.
6. More words with F and W . Remember or come up with rhymes or tongue twisters, where the letters Zh and Sh are often found in words. Repeat them with the baby several times.
7. Pronounce the letter H . If the baby has an increased tone of the tongue, at first it will be more difficult for him to cope with the exercise. The sound CH consists of TH and SC. First, the tongue should hit the alveoli, pronouncing TH, and then relax, passing the sound SC through the crack. These two sounds, first slowly and then faster, should merge into one H. After several trainings, the baby will succeed !

Practice your pronunciation with different little rhymes. For example:

• There were jackdaws visiting wolf cubs,
• There were wolf cubs visiting the jackdaws,
• Now the cubs are clamoring like jackdaws,
• And like wolf cubs, jackdaws are silent.

Learning to pronounce the letter R

The baby begins to pronounce the letter R well only by the age of 5-6 years. If your baby has not yet reached this age, do not panic ahead of time.

There are usually some problems associated with the letter R.

• The little man does not pronounce the growling sound at all , he just falls out of his word. This happens when the letter R is located between vowels. For example, the garage sounds like "ha - already."
• The kid replaces the sound P with L, S or Y . It turns out instead of a rose - "vine", red - "red", forty - "soyok".
• The kid pronounces the sound R, but not the way it should sound in Russian . It either vibrates, like the English, or grasses, which is typical for the French.

You can correct the shortcomings in the pronunciation of the letter P by doing some exercises. And it is better to perform them while sitting and keeping your back straight. In this case, the child should see himself in the mirror.

So he can track how well he is doing the task.

• Sail . The child needs to open his mouth wide, and lift the tip of the tongue by the upper teeth. The lower part of the tongue is slightly bent forward, and the edges are pressed up to the molars. Repeat this 3 times in a row for 10 seconds.
• horse . It is necessary to firmly press the tongue to the palate, and then abruptly release it. This will produce a sound reminiscent of the clatter of hooves. Repeat the task at least 10-15 times.
• Turkey . Depict an angry turkey with a crumb. The child should throw the tongue out of the mouth, sticking it between the teeth. In this case, you need to pronounce sounds similar to “bl-bl”. The task is performed at a slow pace, gradually accelerating it.
• Let's bite the tongue . Stick the end of the tongue out, and stretch the mouth in a smile. Then slowly bite your tongue with your teeth.
• We clean our teeth . The baby needs to smile broadly and move the tip of the tongue along the inner wall of the upper teeth, without moving the lower jaw.
• Who is longer. Invite the baby to compare who has a longer tongue. Will he be able to reach his chin or the tip of his nose with it.
• Woodpecker . You need to open your mouth wide and tap your tongue hard on the inside of the gums near the upper teeth. At this time, you need to say "d-d-d."

So that the child does not get tired of numerous exercises, take breaks by inviting him to roar like a lion. To consolidate the emerging successes, you can additionally learn tongue twisters and words with the baby that contain the letter R.

We pronounce the letters Z, C and C correctly

When a child does not pronounce the letter C, at the same time he cannot pronounce the other whistling letters and syllables - З, Ц, Зб, СЬ. The reason for this is an underdeveloped articulatory apparatus.

Special exercises will also help to correct the situation.

1. Get the ball into the goal . The purpose of this task is to learn how to release a long directed stream of air. Make a gate out of cubes or other toys on the table. Roll up a loose cotton ball. The kid should, having folded his lips with a tube, blow on the ball and drive it into the gate. When performing the exercise, you can not puff out your cheeks, and the blown air should go in one long stream, without interruptions.
2. Tongue song . Opening the mouth, it is necessary to place the tongue on the lower lip. Then you need to spank with sponges - "pya-pya-pya" (the tongue sings). At the same time, the air comes out in a smooth stream, without interruption. Then, with your mouth wide open, hold the soft tongue on the lower lip so that it does not tuck. It is necessary that the edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth.
3. pancake . It is important to teach the baby to relax the tongue. To do this, he must smile, put the front edge of the tongue on the lower lip. The smile should not be tense, and the tongue should only hang slightly from the sponge.
4. We clean our teeth . The exercise is similar to the task for the letter P, only we will clean not the upper, but the lower teeth.

The letter Z is a pair for the letter C, so they are staging it in the same way as the sound C.

The sound Ts consists of two sounds - T and C, which quickly move from one to the other. It is important to teach the baby to separate one sound from another. Ask the baby to say first a long sound “shhh”, and then short “shhh, shhh, shhh”. As a result, the baby will get the sound C.

What about K and G?

The sounds K, G and X are posterior lingual, which implies a high rise of the tongue during their pronunciation. When a child does not pronounce these letters, most often his tongue is simply lazy (with the exception of congenital pathologies that only doctors can correct). To make the tongue work, you need to do exercises.

Rolling down the hill . Place a cotton ball on your baby's palm. The kid should slightly open his mouth, and hold the root of the tongue in an elevated position, and lower its tip. Then you need to quickly exhale so as to blow off the cotton wool from the palm of your hand. Get a K sound.

spoon . Ask your child to slowly say “ta-ta-ta”. Take a teaspoon and carefully move your tongue away by pressing on the front of its back. Instead of “ta”, the crumbs will first get “cha”, and then “kya”. Continuing to put pressure on the tongue, catch the moment when the baby gets a clean “ka”. He needs to remember what position his tongue was in at that moment. Don't worry if it doesn't work right away.

Regardless of which letter pronunciation exercises you do with your baby, repeat with him as many words, rhymes or songs with this letter as possible after class.