When a child reaches the age of 3 years, many parents are faced with a problem that they did not know about before - frequent. Ignorance and misunderstanding of the reasons for the hysterical behavior of children, as well as a dead end, how to behave at such moments and stop the frightening behavior of the baby - causes the panic of many mothers and fathers. The advice of a psychologist will help you figure out what is the reason for this behavior in children of 3 years old, how to deal with tantrums and prevent them in the future.

In raising such a child, parents need to be patient, constantly praise him, hug and caress him, communicate on an equal footing, listen and involve him in household chores.

Strong

The processes of excitation and inhibition in the brain of such children are balanced. A child with a strong type of nervous system is almost always cheerful and cheerful, easily communicates with others, and for the appearance of hysterical behavior, he needs a weighty reason.

Conflict situations with parents and peers are extremely rare for such children, they sleep and eat well, willingly engage in various circles, but often change hobbies, because having figured out something, they immediately lose interest in the old hobby. The negative aspects in the nature of such children are inconstancy, frequent violations of their promises, difficulties in observing the daily routine.

Unbalanced

The processes of excitation of the nervous system of such a child in the brain prevail over the processes of inhibition, so he is quick-tempered, easily excitable and emotionally unstable. A new toy or a bright event can put a child into a state of excitement. Therefore, such children sleep poorly and not soundly, often wake up and cry at night.

In the circle of peers, an unbalanced child tries to seize leadership, to be in the center of attention and events. These kids don't know how to finish what they start. Being engaged in any business, they cannot stand even the slightest criticism, they can flare up, give up everything and leave, while getting angry and showing aggression. Parents of such children can be advised to be more flexible and patient, to teach the baby to bring everything to the end, to be restrained and obligatory.

Slow

This type of nervous system is characterized by delayed excitation and the predominance of the process of inhibition. Children with a slow type of nervous system eat and sleep well from birth, they are calm, can be alone for a long time and do not suffer from this, finding entertainment on their own.

Parents of such children are often surprised by their restraint, prudence and predictability. The child is slow, brings any started business to completion and does not like a sudden change of scenery. He is restrained in emotions, so it is often difficult for parents to understand his mood. The advice is to encourage the child to be active, developing motor and speech activity.

Children with weak and unbalanced types of the nervous system are most prone to tantrums at the age of 3 years. To exclude pathologies and congenital diseases of the nervous system, parents are advised to show the baby to a pediatric neurologist.

The reasons

The older the child becomes, the more he has needs and desires that are not always supported by parents. It is at the age of 3 that the child begins to violently show emotions and respond to prohibitions with tantrums.

You need to know about the main factors that cause violent, hysterical protest in children:

Even if parents establish the true cause of frequent tantrums in their child at the age of 3, they must understand that the emotional sphere of the baby is not sufficiently developed to stop in time and suppress the storm of unrest. The child cannot control his emotions, he does not act up on purpose, but any misunderstanding or provoking factor can cause whims that develop into hysterical seizures.

The main difference between hysteria and whims in a child is that the baby begins to act up consciously. With the help of whims, the little manipulator tries to get his way, he can stomp his feet, scream and throw objects, but he controls himself, continuing to manipulate until he gets what he wants or is punished.

Hysteria occurs in a child involuntarily, emotions cause a whole storm of indignation, in a state of seizure the child beats his head against the walls and floor, screams, sobs, many children are prone to the appearance of a convulsive syndrome during a tantrum. Such convulsions acquired their name "hysterical bridge" because of the child's posture - during a tantrum, he arches.

Tantrum stages

Children's hysterical seizures are characterized by the following staging:

1. Screams. This is the initial stage of hysteria, the child stops hearing anyone, he screams loudly, frightening his parents, while making no demands.
2. Motor excitement. Manifested by falling to the floor, hitting the head against objects, pulling out hair, etc. The baby does not feel pain during this stage of hysteria.
3. Sobs - the child cries loudly, sobbing and without stopping for a long time. His whole appearance expresses resentment and discontent. Since it is difficult for a child to cope with emotions, after the sobbing stage, he will sob for a long time, and the emotional state can be described as emptiness. After a tantrum, the baby can fall asleep in daytime, the night's sleep will be shallow and intermittent.

You can fight hysteria at the initial stage - the stage of screams. If the child has stepped over stage 2 or 3, conversations and attempts to calm usually do not bring results.

How to stop an attack

Many inexperienced parents who first encountered a similar situation are interested in how to quickly stop a tantrum in a child at the age of 3 years. The famous pediatrician Komarovsky claims that the tactics of behavior during a seizure should be as follows:

Do not spank on the butt, yell at the child and chastise him for bad behavior during a tantrum. He still will not understand anything, it will only increase the explosion of emotions. The tactic of talking will work only after the seizure is over. If a child becomes hysterical during the period of admission to kindergarten, and does not want to part with his mother in any way, you do not need to hold him in your arms for a long time and say goodbye, it is recommended to leave the child with the teacher and leave faster. So the time for children's hysteria will be reduced.

Tantrums at night

Many parents notice that the baby began to arrange night tantrums at the age of 3 years, which were not observed before. The baby wakes up at night, screams, refuses to drink or go to the potty, and often the mother cannot even understand whether the child is sleeping during the cry or is conscious.

There may be several reasons:

To establish a night's sleep and prevent tantrums, you need to deal with the reasons that provoke them. It will not be superfluous to show the baby to a child psychologist.

Prevention

Now it remains to figure out how to deal with tantrums in a 3-year-old child in order to reduce their frequency and level of emotions during attacks. It is recommended to take the following measures:

Immediately after the end of the hysterical attack, you need to hug the child and try to explain to him that the mother is upset by such behavior (but not by the child himself!). The kid must understand that parents want to be proud of their child, and it is impossible to be proud of such ugly behavior. It is important that the child understands that his mother still loves him, despite his bad behavior and strives to minimize whims.

It is impossible to completely prevent the development of tantrums in a baby at the age of 3 years; every child must go through this stage of emotional maturation. But you can reduce the frequency of attacks by paying him due attention, taking into account his opinion and teaching him patience and self-control.

Much depends on the behavior of the parents - they must be attentive to the child, and at the slightest deviation from the norm (severe seizures, cessation of breathing during a tantrum, convulsive syndrome), contact a pediatric neurologist and psychologist.

Pediatricians note that the development of each child occurs "according to an individual program." Three-year-old children develop rapidly and spasmodically. The baby's skills are improving every day, and parents are surprised to note all the new achievements of their fidget. And although it is unlikely that you will be able to find even two babies with a set of the same skills, there are certain developmental standards at any age, including at 3 years old.

Content:

Speech skills

The speech of a child by the age of 3 changes dramatically. This is no longer a clumsy monosyllabic conversation, but connected sentences with a change in words according to cases and declensions. The vocabulary is about 1.5 thousand words, of which 500-600 words are actively used. However, not all children speak freely, many do not pronounce hissing sounds and the sound [r]. The required language skills are as follows:

• correctly pronounces his name and surname, the names of parents and close people;
• makes sentences of five or more words, using prepositions correctly;
• sentences consist mainly of nouns, pronouns and verbs;
• memorizes short children's poems, reciting them from memory, retelling short prose;
• easily recognizes and names objects familiar to him;
• compose a story from a picture using up to 5 simple sentences;
• uses words in the singular and plural in conversation;
• knows many adjectives, but rarely uses them in speech, more often uses them separately, characterizing an object or phenomenon;
• distinguishes antonyms and uses them correctly (big - small, high - low);
• conducts a dialogue, coherently answers questions.

At this age, some children begin the “age of the why”, when they ask questions about all the objects and phenomena that they meet on their way. It is important to be patient and satisfy the curiosity of the baby. You need to talk a lot with a child, read books, learn poems and lyrics. Let him talk about his impressions, using words from the category of perception (liked, remembered, saw, felt). All this perfectly develops speech, enriches vocabulary and conceptual stock.

Thinking

The speech and thinking of a three-year-old child are closely related. Perceiving new phenomena, he tries to explain and tell about them. At the age of 3, a child already has access to the simplest causal relationships, he draws conclusions from what he saw and heard, tries to explain some phenomena:

1. Makes simple logical chains, based on his own observations and stories of adults. So, he is quite capable of determining that it was raining at night if he saw puddles in the window in the morning.
2. Compares pictures or objects, finds similarities and differences, groups them according to a common feature. Able to identify the "extra" item in the presented series.
3. Recalls the events of the recent past, talks about what happened a few days ago.
4. Collects puzzles consisting of 6-8 elements. Easily assembles a pyramid, given the size of the rings. From the cubes he makes a turret, trying to put them evenly.
5. Knows the concepts of "one-many", counts up to five, showing the corresponding number on the fingers.
6. Knows up to 10 colors, distinguishes them and names them himself, knows and distinguishes the main ones geometric figures, the concepts of the seasons, the names of vegetables, fruits, flowers, and more.
7. Compares figures by shape, color, groups them, arranges them by size - from larger to smaller, selects one object to another according to a given attribute.

A child at 3 years old already makes rather complex decisions and tries to explain his actions. This is the time when special attention should be paid to creative development: sculpt together from plasticine, draw, make crafts from natural materials. This develops not only thinking and creativity, but also fine motor skills.

Motor development

Experts advise developing a child’s motor skills up to school age, because the clarity of movements depends on this, even how correctly he will hold a pen when writing. At 3 years old, a child should be able to do the following:

• easy to collect one bead, pea and other small object;
• put beads on a thread;
• sculpt balls of plasticine;
• cut paper with scissors;
• collect mosaic.

For the development of fine motor skills, there are special exercises and games that allow you to improve motor skills. Will help finger gymnastics, which is performed daily during or before classes.

Video: Develop fine motor skills: finger gymnastics for the little ones.

household skills

At the age of 3, a child strives for independence in everything: for example, he tries to tie his shoelaces and brush his teeth. Household skills at this age are already quite developed, the baby can easily perform all the necessary hygiene and other daily procedures on his own:

• he dresses confidently, some can even distinguish between right and left legs, front and back side in clothes;
• knows his things and knows how to use them, finds his toothbrush and towel;
• unbuttons and fastens buttons on clothes, puts things in the closet;
• cleans up toys after him, puts them in their places: cubes in a box, soft toys on shelves, the rest - in a basket;
• eats neatly with a spoon on his own, some children are quite deftly controlled with a fork;
• uses a handkerchief for its intended purpose, wipes a soiled face with a napkin;
• washes hands before eating, wiping them with a towel;
• takes off shoes and outerwear when coming home from the street.

Everything that a child at 3 years old should be able to do in terms of everyday skills is instilled exclusively by close people. Failure to meet certain criteria is not an age mismatch or developmental delay, rather, it is an omission of parents.

motor skills

Three-year-olds are very active and mobile. Coordination is already fully developed, the baby freely controls his movements, testing his own abilities and abilities:

• confidently and quickly runs;
• plays ball: kicks it, throws it up, catches it;
• easily climbs and descends stairs, including vertical ones, alternating legs, more physically developed children can jump over the steps;
• he himself climbs the hill and rolls down it;
• keeps balance, standing on toes, can walk a fairly long distance;
• walks backwards;
• rides a tricycle;
• keeps balance and jumps on one leg;
• rolls back and forth.

It is better to put the overflowing energy of the baby in the right direction by identifying him in one of the sections for the smallest, where he will develop physically. Swimming is a very good training of motor functions and coordination. This must be done under the guidance of an experienced instructor.

Cognitive, intellectual and emotional development

Mental processes: attention, memory and thinking - by the age of 3 are already well developed. The kid is well oriented in space, can show the way to the store or playground. He is already able to concentrate on one lesson for up to 5 minutes, which can be used in educational games aimed at describing the sequence of actions shown in the picture, or describing the picture from memory.

Talking about the events of the day, the baby embellishes reality. Sometimes this is perceived by adults as a lie, but this is only a manifestation of fantasy, which by this time begins to develop.

The child understands that he is an independent person, trying to show his individuality in everything, to defend his opinion, which often turns out to be the opposite of the opinion of his parents. The replacement of the pronoun “we” with “I” is also connected with this: “I will go”, “I will do”.

Psychologists talk about the crisis of three years, when yesterday's obedient child becomes capricious, does not fulfill the requests of his parents. This is a kind of attempt to defend the emerging point of view. It is very important not to try to achieve complete obedience, but to find a compromise in relationships, otherwise trust and mutual understanding can be lost, causing aggression.

Social Communication Skills

Communication skills with other people are becoming increasingly important for the child. If earlier he was content with communicating with his parents, now he is increasingly striving to be in the circle of his peers. Until recently, children played side by side, but at the age of 3 they begin to play together, sharing toys, learning with pleasure joint role-playing games:

• the child easily gets acquainted with other children, although some still prefer independent games to collective ones;
• perceives and obeys the rules of a certain game;
• during the game sees and understands the danger, can prevent it;
• in communication with others, he uses the words “thank you” and “please”, “hello” and “goodbye”.

The listed skills and abilities are the result of cognitive and educational games, active communication with loved ones and peers. A child's day during this period should be rich and varied, filled with new emotional and tactile sensations. However, do not overdo it, otherwise you cannot avoid overexcitation and bad sleep. The mode for the baby is still very important, and by the end of the day it is advisable to replace active games with calm ones, without disregarding reading at night.

Most modern parents pay a lot of attention to the early development of children, realizing that up to three years the child learns easily during the game, and after that it becomes much more difficult for him to learn new information without a good initial base. And many adults face the question: what should a child know at 3 years old? The answer to it, as well as everything about the developmental features of children at this age, you will learn from this article.

Caution: crisis of three years

It is considered one of the first of a child, it proceeds differently for everyone, but it still takes place. It is connected with the fact that at this age the process of becoming a baby's self-awareness begins - the old picture of reality becomes obsolete, and a new one comes in its place. In order to avoid unnecessary conflicts, stress and know how to help a child during this period, it is important to understand the following age characteristics of 3-year-old children:

• There is a need to separate from adults, and reality, previously limited mainly by objects and the family circle, becomes the world of adults.
• The child begins to oppose himself to adults, ceases to obey and protests against the norms of behavior instilled earlier.
• It is during this period that the baby learns the difference between "I want" and "should", and deliberate actions begin to prevail over impulsive ones.
• At this age, self-esteem is actively developing, which is greatly influenced by the attitude of adults.

New opportunities

But in addition to the complexities of behavior, useful features of a 3-year-old child appear that increase the ability to learn:

• Communicative readiness: the child begins to interact with other people, guided by rules and norms.
• Cognitive readiness: is formed due to which children are able to think about objects and conduct comparative analysis even when they can't see them.
• Emotional development: the child begins to manage emotions, including coping with aggression.
• The ability to count and read appears.

Interacting with the surrounding reality, the child learns the world and develops, the task of adults is to help him. When teaching, it is important to take into account and use something a child can do with the help of adults, and what he has learned to do on his own should become a passed stage in time.

Assessment of speech development

Up to five years, speech develops very intensively, so it is important to control whether the child is lagging behind, and if necessary, help him. To assess the development of speech, there is the following list of what a child should know at 3 years old:

• The vocabulary is about a thousand words.
• When designating objects, people and animals, full words are practically used, and not sounds or abbreviated versions.
• Distinguishes and correctly uses prefixed verbs (ran, ran, ran out).
• He knows how to name objects using generalizing words ("fruit" instead of "pear" and "apple").
• Masters the names of the details of objects (can say that the pan has a bottom and handles).
• Matches words and understands what synonyms are.
• Invents his own words from those already known to him.
• Draws attention to the incorrect pronunciation of other children, while the sounds themselves can also be pronounced incorrectly.
• Can speak in a way that any adult can understand.

How to develop connected speech

The next 3 years include: increasing vocabulary, practicing the correct pronunciation of sounds and building sentences. The main goal of all classes is to improve coherent meaningful speech. To do this, you can engage in special magazines with colorful pictures and exercises.

Unfortunately, you can’t count on a child’s perseverance for a long time, but you can remember the main tasks for children of 3 years old and perform them using concepts from real life:

• At home, you can name objects and pick up on the example of toys, shoes, dishes and any other things.
• On a walk, you can tell the child adjectives and ask them to find objects that correspond to them, for example, "high" (the baby points to the house) or "red" (maybe a car). The advantage of this exercise is that the baby can find in real world Much more matching items than in the pictures.
• On the street and at home, you can ask the child questions about the objects that he sees, for example, where they are, what color, why others are needed.

Learn poetry

At three years old, a child should be able to memorize and repeat 3-4 words that an adult said. Thanks to this ability, you can begin to learn poetry. They train memory, attention, develop speech, enrich vocabulary, expand ideas about the world, and also help the child grow purposeful and be able to bring the work started to the end.

A rhyme for children 3 years old should not be too long: two quatrains are enough. Before starting to learn a poem, an adult should expressly tell it and discuss the content with the child. If desired, you can draw pictures to the text. Each quatrain learns according to the same pattern: an adult slowly pronounces the first line and asks the child to repeat after him until he remembers it. Then the second line is learned and connected to the first, then the third is added to the first two. Then the last one is remembered, and the first quatrain is ready. When the two parts are memorized, they are combined and the verse is read in its entirety.

Easy rhyme for children 3 years old about the onset of winter:

In the morning I went to the window
Surprised: "Well, well!
I went to sleep in autumn
The world changed overnight!

Wearing white coats
Both trees and houses.
This means, in fact
Winter came to us at night!"

The earliest mathematical concepts

The first acquaintance with mathematics begins much earlier than it seems, and the further relationship of the child with this complex science depends on how successful it is. The following list of what a 3-year-old child should know in the field of mathematics will help to assess the completeness of the ideas:

• Be able to compare objects by width, length, thickness and height.
• Use the concepts of "many" and "one" in speech, correctly coordinate them with nouns.
• Learn to count up to three on your fingers.
• Know and name the basic geometric shapes: square, circle, triangle and compare objects by shape.
• Know and use in speech the concepts: small, big, less and more.
• Be able to compare the number of items.
• Be able to find a pair of an object according to a given attribute.

Checking knowledge about the world around

Some parents underestimate the capabilities of their three-year-old children and do not give the required amount of load, and intensive classes begin during the period of preparation for school and face the child’s reluctance to study, because cognitive activity has already faded away. To prevent such problems, it is important to find out in time what a child of 3 years old should know about the world around him, and, if necessary, fill in the gaps.

A child at this age should:

• Know what domestic and wild animals look like and are called.
• Understand who birds, insects and fish are, and be able to name three or four representatives of each class.
• Know three or four names of trees and flowers.
• Be able to distinguish between fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and berries, as well as know their basic names.
• Have an idea about such natural phenomena as wind, rain, rainbow, snow.
• Know and be able to name parts of the day.
• Have an understanding of the materials from which the surrounding things are made.

We evaluate the development of thinking and motor skills

A three year old child should be able to do the following:

• collect an image from 2-4 parts;
• see and explain the discrepancy in the picture;
• determine an extra item and justify your choice;
• explain how objects are similar and how they differ;
• cut paper with scissors;
• separate pieces from plasticine and make sausages and balls out of them;
• draw dots, circles and different kinds lines;
• do finger exercises.

How to develop fine motor skills

Modeling for children of 3 years old is considered the most useful for the development of motor skills, but the child begins to show interest in it much earlier, for example, when he enthusiastically smears porridge on the table. You can sculpt from plasticine or puff pastry. Classes also help to develop speech and consolidate existing ideas about the world. You can sculpt if you wish, at least every day, but twice a week is enough. In order to make classes more fun and not too difficult for the child, you can make blanks from paper bases and select suitable stories or poems.

The purpose of the first experience with plasticine: to teach the child to tear off pieces from it and sculpt them on paper, you can draw trees and decorate them with colorful leaves. In the second lesson, you need to learn how to roll balls, you can decorate the Christmas tree with New Year's toys. During the third lesson, the child practices rolling sausages, it will be possible to make a rainbow out of them or For the age of three, these simple tricks are quite enough.

Of course, all children are individual and have different levels of ability. But it depends on the parents how these abilities will be used. It is important to closely monitor the progress of the child, assess his level of development and constantly give new and more complex, but no less interesting tasks for children 3 years old in a playful way.

Before entering the kindergarten, we went through a psychoneurologist. He asked various questions, some of which he did not receive answers from my child. For example: who am I to her, who is she to me; name the season in the illustration (did not receive an answer), name the colors of objects (answered in full); count objects (easily coped with the task); could not perform actions on addition and sum within 5. Nevertheless, the child is active, easily makes contact. The doctor diagnosed F83. Explain in more detail the norms for the development of a child by 3.5 years. Is my daughter really mentally retarded? (Anna)

Answer:

Hello Anna! Thanks for the question. Your concern is understandable ... and even somewhere indignation ... I must say that “fees” and “documentary preparation” (collection of documents, commissions, etc.) kindergarten most parents cause a lot of feelings, which is reflected in children. And I am grateful to you for the question, because it touches on an important topic: How to most painlessly undergo an examination by a specialist, both for the child and for the parent, especially if the further stage of the baby’s life depends on the results of the examination (type preschool, for example). Therefore, I want to appeal to those parents whose children are waiting for PMPK, examinations, collection of documents and give a few recommendations that may help to help go through all this the least acute.

It is very important for parents themselves to tune in in a special way (calmly - positively) to all kinds of examination procedures, PMPK, so that this does not affect the emotional state of the child during the examination itself, and hence the results of this examination. And this happens.

It is also recommended to repeatedly play with the child situations of conversation with the doctor, situations that they will ask him something, ask questions, they will look at pictures with him, offer to “play”. And before a direct meeting of the child with a specialist, it is important to consider a few points:

1. 1 - 1.5 hours before the meeting, feed the child (you can use something tasty and loved) so that during the examination, the feeling of hunger that arises does not distract from the tasks
2. Be sure to say “plan of the day for today”, that your “doctor called for a visit” to play, that in the game he will ask questions that you will definitely answer, etc. It is important that the child goes in a good mood, with a sense of success. (I often hear this position of moms or dads: “Why should he say all this, he’s still small, he still doesn’t speak well ..?” I would like to emphasize: If your child still does not speak enough, has not learned enough to express his desires, needs and thoughts due to age, this does not mean that he does not hear you and does not feel you!)
3. You can take your favorite toy to a meeting with a specialist (you can “introduce the bear to other children, to the doctor, etc.”, “go on a trip with the bear, take it to the hospital, and then with the bear - visit your grandmother or in a cafe - for a cake "...) The presence of favorite toys in a new environment for a child helps him perceive this "environment" psychologically easier, softer and calmer.
4. Parental calm (“If mom smiles, then everything is fine and there is nothing to be afraid of”)

Before answering your main question (about explaining the developmental norms of a child at 3.5 years old), I would like to start by explaining the very wording of F83.

F83 "Mixed specific disorders of psychological development" This is a residual group of disorders in which there are difficulties in the development of the child at the level of several mental functions (memory, attention, thinking, perception ..), and it is difficult to distinguish exactly where these difficulties are greater, therefore such a vague diagnosis. Therefore, to begin with, I would recommend visiting a psychiatrist (preferably a child psychiatrist), a neurologist in order to strengthen the accuracy of the diagnosis or the very fact of the diagnosis, and also to get a more complete and objective picture of the child's development. Would recommend to pass or take place research of a brain (EEG). If, nevertheless, certain developmental difficulties are observed by specialists, then it makes sense to think about the treatment that the doctor will prescribe and at the same time turn to a psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist so that they systematically professionally work with your girl, show you what you can do at home for the development of the child. And, of course, it’s important for you to talk a lot with your child, read poems and fairy tales, look at pictures-objects, pictures-actions that are interconnected in meaning, ask as many questions as possible, you yourself should think aloud, explain, pronounce, etc. (Experts recommend: S.V. Batyaeva, E.V. Savostyanova "Album on the Development of Speech for the Littlest Ones", "I Explore the World", an encyclopedia in pictures for kids, etc.) After all, we know that the brain is formed and develops right up to 21-23 years, that it is formed in different ways, in its individual rhythm, that mental functions in their development can sink at different age stages, that at each age stage its own predominates and matures mental function(So, at an early age - this is perception, in preschool - memory, in school, adolescence - this is thinking). And since the psyche develops systematically, even if the child has difficulties somewhere, it is possible, by engaging in the development of other mental spheres, so that those where there are difficulties are pulled up. Therefore, on the one hand, I would like to reassure you and say that each child develops in his own way, and this is normal, you should not panic if the specialist noted certain problems. You just need to deal with the child, and over time, the child will catch up with a lot, and sometimes even surpass his peers in something. On the other hand, you should not ignore the information of a specialist, just take note, go through the examination again.

And now about what a child of 3.5 years old should be able to do. Briefly, the age can be characterized as follows:

1. Visual-active thinking prevails. The intellectual development of a child depends on how rich the developing environment around him is, whether it allows him to explore the world around him in a varied and meaningful way by manipulating various objects.
2. Speech is in the process of formation. Specialists distinguish (speech therapists, defectologists) the following standard indicators at this age: Indicators speech development\ Time of appearance is normal
   • Uses words-names of parts of objects in active speech 3 years 6 months.
   • Uses diminutive suffixes From the age of 3
   • Uses prefixed verbs in speech 3 years 1 month.
   • Word creation appears From the age of 3
   • Distinguishes words that differ in one phoneme (such as beetle - onion) By 4 years
   • Pronounces the sounds Sh, Zh, Shch, Ch, L, P By 4 years
   • Notices incorrect pronunciation in own speech By 4 years
   • Can retell a familiar story close to the text By age 4
   • Encourages adults to play fairy tales with him, distributes roles, portrays the voice of various heroes of a fairy tale
   • The child should be able to name animals: wild, domestic. Must know the name of their cubs: horse-foal.
   • Should be able to describe the picture in 2-3 sentences: who is in the picture, what kind of ears he has, what he is holding in his paws, etc.
   • The child should be able to name various actions: the wolf is running, the fish is swimming, the squirrel is sitting, etc.
3. attention, thinking, memory are involuntary. This means that the baby cannot control them by own will, he cannot concentrate or remember - he pays attention to what is in his field of vision, remembers what attracted attention. (!) Training is effective only against the background of the child's psycho-emotional and comfortable state.
4. Concentrate attention, i.e. complete the task without being distracted for about 5 minutes; find 3-4 differences between objects; keep 3-4 objects in sight; find 2 objects similar to each other; perform tasks according to the proposed model.
5. Be able to memorize 3-4 pictures, know a few quatrains by heart, repeat a short fairy tale read with the help of an adult; remember what he did in the morning, afternoon, evening; tell from memory about the content of the picture on leading questions.
6. Be able to quickly and correctly assemble the pyramid; put together a picture of 4 parts; collect simple insert games; find simple connections between objects and phenomena.
7. Depict the simplest objects and phenomena of reality using straight, rounded, oblique, long, short, intersecting lines; repeat simple movements of finger gymnastics.
8. State your first and last name; name the people of his inner circle; know and name 6 primary colors; distinguish seasons; name the essential details and parts of objects.

Here are a few things you can test your child on.

Development of attention

• Find the same objects in the picture, determine their color.
• Draw on a piece of paper, for example, 2 houses and 2 bears and draw a path from each bear to the house. It is desirable that these paths intersect. Invite the child to trace the path of each bear to his house with his eyes and show who lives where. If the baby finds it difficult to do this visually, then invite him to run his finger along the path.
• Offer to color the figurines according to the model.
• Draw the contours of 3-4 objects so that they are superimposed on each other). Invite the child to find what objects are hidden there.
• Offer to find several differences in the picture (a gray-red cat, one has a ball, the other has a cube, etc.). If the child is at a loss, then ask him leading questions. Memory Development
• We consider a picture with 3-4 objects. The child must name the objects. We close the book and ask you to remember what is drawn there.
• We consider a picture where, for example, a cat holds a ball, a squirrel holds an apple, and a mouse holds a box with a bow. In another picture, animals and objects are separate. You have to remember who held what.
• Recall the heroes of the fairy tale "Kolobok". Who did the bun meet first? Recall from the picture of animals.
• We are looking at 2 pictures. The first is a bunny under an umbrella, it's raining, mushrooms are growing. In another picture - the sun, berries, no mushrooms, the umbrella is complicated. What has changed in the picture?

Development of thinking

• 2 pictures. One with animals, the other with food. You have to find who likes what.
• We examine the picture, we need to choose a pair for the subject: a vase and a flower, a hat and a scarf, a shovel and a bucket, etc.
• Find a patch to the rug. A red rug, and it has a red circle in the middle, which is also drawn separately. A green rug with a green triangle in the middle, and so on. The kid should tell what patch to put where, what color rugs. Development of fine motor skills
• The kid should be able to draw vertical, horizontal and oblique lines of the right size. To do this, you can offer to finish the fence, the rays of the sun, rain, etc. You should also be able to draw round objects.
• The kid should be able to accurately paint pictures.
• The child should be able to perform simple movements of finger gymnastics.
• And in general, work more with the baby with your hands (sculpt, draw with both fingers and pencils, collect simple large puzzles, etc.), because. thinking develops visually-effectively, tk. speech development is directly related to the development of fine motor skills)

I hope I have answered your question. Do not worry, Anna, remember that at this age, psycho-emotional comfort is especially important for babies, and your girl needs a calm and smiling mother.

The physical and mental development of a child at 3 years old has already gone through many stages. He suddenly turned from a baby into a preschooler. Parents had to go through a difficult transition period of two years, and now they can, to one degree or another, breathe easy.

The main emotions and desires of three-year-olds are already more controlled, they become moderately obedient, they understand adults well. The child runs fast, climbs over obstacles, can perform two actions at the same time. Children speak in sentences, they can verbally explain what they want. At this age, they are in good contact with each other, they know how to play common games. In a word, the baby becomes almost an adult.

Physical development of a child of three years

The average weight of a boy at three years old is 13-17.4 kg, a girl weighs 12.5-17 kg. The growth of boys is 91-102 cm, girls - 91-101 cm. The WHO table of physical development gives slightly different indicators, the weight of a boy in it is 11.3-18.3 kg, girls - 10.8-18.1 kg, height, respectively - 88.7-103.5 cm, and 87.4-102.5 cm. In terms of their physical development, children at the age of three are increasingly different from each other. They begin to show genetic characteristics, body weight and height may depend on the quality of nutrition and other factors.

By the age of three, the child has acquired many motor skills. He confidently climbs and descends the stairs, alternately rearranging both legs. Plays with the ball, can throw it into the box, dig with one foot. He rides a tricycle, knows how to turn it in the right direction. He rises on his toes to get something, jumps on one or two legs. Babies can stand on one leg for more than five seconds. They confidently overcome various obstacles, are able to walk on an inclined plane, turn in all directions, move backwards. A child at this age must perform two actions at the same time. For example, clap your hands and stomp your feet.

In children, the development of fine motor skills is intensive. They already cope with the designer, even if it contains small parts. They know how to cut with scissors, sculpt figures from plasticine. Children draw well, they can draw a circle, a square, a straight line, some large letters, little men with arms and legs. They independently build turrets from 8-9 cubes, completely fold the colored pyramid. Kids' games are becoming more and more difficult, they come up with roles, make houses, garages out of constructors, put their dolls, animals and cars there. They fold and sort multi-colored pictures and cards with drawings, begin to compose their own stories based on them. Able to put together puzzles of 4-5 pieces.

By the age of three, the number of household skills also increases. Children independently dress and undress, try to tie shoelaces and fasten buttons. They eat well with a spoon, almost do not get dirty, drink from a mug, they know how to twist and unscrew the cap on the bottle. They wash their hands and wipe them without the help of their parents. Know how to use a handkerchief and napkins. They ask for a potty and regulate their physiological needs well.

Mental development of the child

The cognitive development of a child at 3 years old is very progressive. All thought processes are activated, logical thinking begins to appear, concentration of attention improves, brain activity improves. Children of this age become why-whys, for them there are no things about which it is impossible to ask a question. In addition to the already familiar “what is this?”, “Who is this?”, More and more “why” appears. The child tries to find out the cause of certain phenomena, actions. He will not lag behind his parents until he satisfies his curiosity. It is important to give the baby as spatial answers as possible, then his thinking will be deep, not superficial.

By the age of three, a child begins to develop fantasy. The girl comes up with names for her dolls, tries to compose simple fairy tales and act them out during the game. Boys like to imagine themselves as a brave warrior or superman, a driver or a builder. Children begin to come up with role-playing games with 2-3 characters. They are no longer so easy to distract or switch attention to something else. So far, the child continues to break his toys, but is already trying to put them back. In his hands, they can acquire new functions.

By the age of three, a child can sort objects by color and shape. The number of mathematical skills is increasing, kids can count to five, understand simple numbers. Can execute three adult commands at once. She enjoys looking at pictures in books, telling what is drawn on them. He recognizes his parents, grandparents, his friends in the photographs. The features of his vision make it possible to distinguish even the smallest details in the pictures, shades different colors. The baby learns poems and songs, dances with pleasure to the music. Can tell coherently the content of a fairy tale, guess simple riddles. Sorts objects according to their properties, distinguishes the shape, color, material from which they are made. Able to generalize. For example, he knows that a dog, a tiger cub, and a person can have eyes. That in humans, the lower limbs are legs, and in animals, paws. Children also group objects according to the methods of action. A dog and a mosquito bite, planes and helicopters fly.

Speech development of the child

Vocabulary in babies by the age of three increases significantly. They actively use almost a thousand words. They build complex sentences from them, actively use adjectives, prepositions, verbs. They know how to correctly put cases and tenses in sentences. Children know their first and last name well, answer the question “What is your name?”, “How old are you?”. They also name names of close people. They are able to clearly express their desires and feelings in words. During the game, they constantly talk, comment on their actions and the actions of the characters. The speech of babies is quite clear and understandable, they make mistakes less and less, pronounce almost the entire alphabet, basic vowels and consonants. Perseverance and attentiveness in children becomes better, therefore it is easier to deal with them.

Children can memorize poems, fairy tales, songs. Looking at the pictures on the pages of the book, retell the tale that you read a few days ago. They can tell what they did yesterday or the day before yesterday, at the beginning of the week and even at the beginning of the month. They begin to navigate how much time has passed from this or that event.

Long-term memory can span a whole year. They know well where their toys, dishes are located in the house, where the wardrobe is located. Recognize people who have seen at least once in their lives. They begin to navigate the terrain well, they can remember the way from the playground to the house. Closer to the age of four, they may know their hometown quite well.

Emotional development of the child

The psycho-emotional, as well as the mental development of a child at 3 years old, reaches new level. He is less likely to be naughty and throw tantrums, his fits of anger disappear. The problems of transitional age are gradually receding. Now he learns to control his emotional state, listens to adults, reacts to remarks, does not scream in public places, cries much less often. Praise the kids often, they like it and develop a positive attitude towards life. But you need to scold the crumbs only in extreme cases, three-year-old children react very painfully to censure.

An important point in emotional development is the ability to evaluate. The kid begins to understand what is "good" and what is "bad".

When he does something wrong, he expects punishment from his parents, knowing full well his misconduct. He can also evaluate someone else's action, characterizing it positively or negatively. The child's speech becomes emotionally colored. I’m talking about some event, the kid raises his voice from an overabundance of feelings, confuses words, uses a lot of exclamations. His games are just as emotional. There are no limits to the child's imagination, so you yourself will be surprised how original their characters are.

The range of emotions in children by the age of three is more diverse. They know how not only to laugh and cry, but also to be embarrassed, to admire, to be sad. Sometimes the facial expression of the crumbs becomes dreamy or thoughtful. Fears may also increase. After all, the fantasy at this age is stormy, the little one can come up with a lot of monsters that live in the closet, and are seriously afraid of them. Parents should not ignore such behavior. It is better to “check” with the child all the secret places where monsters can live in order to make sure that they are absent.

Social development of the child

The psychological and personal development of three-year-olds allows them to build stronger social bonds. Their parents are their main authority. Children actively copy their behavior, speech, conversational intonations. Therefore, mom and dad need to monitor their behavior with a child. If they quarrel, their communication takes place in raised tones, the baby will be nervous and copy this type of behavior in contacts with others. When parents show their love for each other, the baby will grow up calm and will be able to share similar feelings with friends and peers. At the age of three, separation from your mother is no longer perceived as tragically as before. Therefore, children can safely attend a kindergarten, an early development school, they are more willing to stay with a nanny.

Three-year-olds have already learned to play together. They are able to interact, create and remember the rules of the game. They often copy movements and skills from each other, which has a very positive effect on their development. The behavior of babies can be different, someone is happy to give away their toys, someone is greedy. Some like calm role-playing games more, others are more willing to run and jump. There are fighters among children, there are talkers and silent people, some of them are sociable, and some are closed. This means that by the age of three, individual character traits and temperamental characteristics begin to appear. Walk with your child where there are children. At the age of three, without communication with peers, he will not be able to fully grow and develop.

Nutrition and regimen of a three-year-old child

By the age of three, a kid eats almost everything. This does not mean that he can be completely fed from an adult table, his needs are slightly different from the needs of adults. The amount of food that a baby should eat per day is 1500-1600 grams. About 500 g is milk and dairy products. Cook food with your child, ask what he will eat. In this way, the baby will learn to make his own choices, understand his own tastes, and be proud that his opinion is considered.

In order for the baby to receive all the necessary vitamins, his digestive system worked well, the menu should include vegetables, berries and fruits, as well as dried fruits. There are practically no restrictions, except that the child is allergic to some fruits. Legumes are given with caution so as not to cause bloating. In addition to vegetables and fruits, cereals should be in the diet of babies. It is desirable to choose them according to the taste of the baby, there are no more restrictions. The most useful cereals in baby food are buckwheat, rice, oatmeal, millet, you can also give your child barley, corn and barley porridge.

Proteins are one of the most essential food ingredients. They should be no less than 70-80 grams of the total daily amount of food. The child should eat fish, meat, eggs. It is not yet recommended to give the baby fat duck and goose, but a little pork, without fat, will not hurt him. Fatty varieties of fish will be useful, because they have a lot of vitamin D. The baby receives part of the proteins from dairy products, you can give him cottage cheese, hard and processed cheese, sour-milk drinks. Children are fed with testicles no more than 3-4 times a week. We must not forget about the liquid, the child needs to drink about 600-700 milliliters per day. Practice making homemade juices, compotes, jelly and mousses. They are better than store-bought ones. Here is an approximate menu for a three-year-old baby:

• Morning meal. Mashed potatoes with dill, kefir, bread with butter and jam.
• Dinner. Vegetable soup in chicken broth, potato stew, carrot, cauliflower and tomato, boiled chicken, compote, a piece of rye bread.
• afternoon tea. Cottage cheese with sugar, a glass of milk, oatmeal cookies.
• Evening meal. Macaroni baked with cabbage and cheese, tea, bread with butter and jam.

For children of three years, it is important to correctly draw up a daily routine and stick to it. The baby sleeps once a day for 1-3 hours, at night - 9-10 hours, rarely wakes up. Before daytime and evening sleep, you should take a walk with your child for 1-2 hours. If the weather is good, a morning walk, immediately after breakfast, will be useful. Best time for exercise- the first half of the day. You can do gymnastics after breakfast or after the child has come from the street. Lessons for intellectual development with a child are best done before dinner, and creative activities are postponed to the evening. The mode for each child may have its own nuances. If the baby attends a kindergarten, it should also be at home, on weekends or in the summer, to adhere to such a routine that is in a children's institution. Otherwise, it will be difficult for him to adapt after returning.

It is important to monitor the hygiene of the child. Teach him to wash his hands before eating, after going to the toilet and after walking. Brush your teeth with it twice a day. Fingernails should be trimmed once a week. Bathe the baby every other day or daily. Teach your baby to pack his things after he has undressed. Put the clean ones in the closet, and take the dirty ones to the bathroom. This will affect his habits in the future, teach the baby to be careful.

Classes for physical and mental development

At the age of three, it is important to pay attention to both the physical and mental development of babies. Gymnastics should be daily, 20-30 minutes. Make it interesting and fun, work with your child to the music. Let the child stretch their arms up, rise on tiptoe and say: "I'm big." Then he will sit down and say "I'm small." Ask the baby to stand on one leg longer, like a heron, and then alternately jump, then on one leg, then on the other leg. Lying on his back, the child raises his legs, thus shaking the abdominal muscles. Then he lays down on his tummy and tries to reach the back of his head with his socks. Classes with a large gymnastic ball will be useful. Try to find instructional videos or special pictures on the Internet, which describe exercises for three-year-olds in more detail.

In the development of speech by the age of three, children have made great progress. Now they need to be taught to form their thoughts correctly, to explain processes and events, to express emotions in words. Games with a lot of questions will help a lot in this. Try with your child to group objects according to their characteristics.

For example, find out what can be sweet, cold, high. Prepare cards with drawings, let them lay out and sort objects according to their main features. Teach your child to navigate in time. You can start to master the calendar with him, let him remember the name of the seasons, months. Tell him about the sequence of actions. Emphasize that you wash your hands first, and then you can sit down to eat. First, you need to put on tights from clothes, then pants, then boots, and only after that you go for a walk.

Lessons with a child on the sequence of rows will be very useful. To do this, you need cards with pictures, color pictures. Children can be drawn on them at different stages of dressing, seasons, morning, day and night. You can start games in which you need to select the same objects by feature or find extra ones, create semantic pairs. An important place should be occupied by creative activities, modeling, drawing, and appliqué. Let the child fantasize himself, you just tell him which paints are better to take, which mold will help create the desired figure. Details for applications can be ready, but it's nice if the kid himself cuts them out along the drawn lines. Mandatory material for classes with a child should be coloring books, color cards, cubes with letters and numbers, and other developmental toys. Any kind of activity is accompanied by comments. By talking to a child, you improve his speech.

Classes for emotional and psychological development

For emotional development, improvement of sensory and auditory perception, music lessons and dances will be useful. Show funny pictures in the book, learn comic poems and songs. After all, laughter is one of the most positive emotions, and a sense of humor will help the child in the future to have a positive attitude towards life, to cope with the most difficult situations. Parents should know that funny children have age crises go much faster and easier. Proper emotional development is no less important for a child than cognitive development. In addition, music, color pictures, books contribute to the development of sensory abilities, imagination, and initiative in children. Only in creativity, which is connected with learning, children can grow and improve their skills.

The designer develops fine motor skills very well. Its details may be different sizes, both large and small. Try to build a Lego house with your child, then put a bunny in it, come up with a fairy tale about it together. If you are practicing early development, you will need the alphabet, Doman's cards or Zaitsev's cubes, notebooks, albums and other useful material that improves mental skills, logic. The alphabet can also be studied with the help of ordinary books, with letters, drawings and rhymes. The development of mathematical abilities is facilitated by the study of numbers, consecutive series, at the age of three, you can already begin to teach your child simple arithmetic operations. The thematic lesson should be interesting so that the baby does not get bored and does not lose interest in it.

When using any technique, proper planning of the lesson is important. Use all the recommendations that are given in the manual. Only a clear overdoing of the instructions will help to fully achieve the result. And remember, activities with a child should bring him pleasure. Ask him less about the learned material, do not arrange endless tests, do not be too strict. Approach responsibly to the choice of the direction of the lesson, because at the age of three years, the individual abilities of the kids are already beginning to appear. If the child is calm, intellectual and creative activities are more suitable for him, if he is hyperactive, more attention should be paid to physical development and outdoor games. Do not forget to read books to your child, teach him poetry. Only in this way can one improve memory, develop correct speech and pronunciation.

Remember, a website or women's forum is not the place to seek advice or evaluate your child's development. To help identify the problem can only consult a pediatrician or psychologist. All children are special and develop in their own way. The norms are rather arbitrary, and deviations from them do not always indicate a serious pathology. Regular activities with the child, daily learning during the game, love for him and attention, that's what helps the baby grow and learn the world correctly.