Mushrooms table of nutrients. What vitamins are in mushrooms? Which mushrooms are better: forest or cultivated

Ryadovka (tricholoma) is a mushroom that can be both edible and poisonous. Row mushrooms belong to the division Basidiomycetes, the class Agaricomycetes, the order Agaric, the family Row, the genus Row. Often the name "ryadovka" is applied to other mushrooms from the family of ryadovka and other families.

Row mushrooms got their name due to the peculiarity of growing in large colonies arranged in long rows and witch circles.

Rows grow on poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests. Usually appear in late summer and bear fruit until frost. But there are also species that can be harvested in the spring.

Mushrooms grow singly, in small or large groups, forming long rows or ring colonies - "witch circles".

Row mushrooms: photos, types, names

The genus Ryadovka includes about 100 species of mushrooms, 45 of which grow in Russia. Below are the types of rows (from the family of rows and other families) with descriptions and photographs.

Rows are edible, photo and description

Row gray(Tricholoma portentosum)

it edible mushroom. Popular names: mice, mouse, little mouse. The fleshy cap of the serushka with a diameter of 4 to 12 cm is initially rounded, and over time becomes flat and uneven, with a flattened tubercle in the middle. The smooth skin of old mushrooms cracks, and its color is mouse or dark gray, sometimes with a greenish or purple tint. The smooth leg has a height of 4 to 15 cm, wider at the base, covered with a powdery coating at the top, becoming hollow over time. The color of the legs is whitish with a gray-yellow tint. The plates of this variety of rowing are wide, rare, at first white, with time they turn yellow or gray. The dense whitish pulp of serushka often turns yellow at the break and has a characteristic, mild, powdery taste and mild aroma.

The gray row mushroom is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, therefore it grows mainly in pine forests throughout the temperate zone, often adjacent to greenfinch. Appears in September, and departs only at the end of autumn (in November).

Lilac-legged rowing (blue-legged, blue root, two-color rowing, lepista lilac-legged) (Lepista personata, Lepista saeva)

An edible mushroom from the genus Lepista, the Ordinary family. You can distinguish this rowing by the purple color of the legs. The hat has a diameter of 6-15 cm (sometimes up to 25 cm) and a smooth yellowish-beige surface with a purple tint. The plates of the fungus are frequent, wide, yellowish or cream in color. The leg is 5-10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick. In young rows, a fibrous ring is clearly visible on the leg. The fleshy flesh of the two-color rows can be white, grayish or gray-purple with a mild sweet taste and a slight fruity aroma.

Purple-footed mushrooms grow mainly in deciduous forests of the temperate zone with a predominance of ash. They are found throughout Russia. They bear fruit in large families, in the harvest year - from mid-spring (April) to stable frosts (November).

Earthy rowing (earthy gray rowing, ground rowing)(Tricholoma terreum)

Edible mushroom. In young mushrooms, a cap with a diameter of 3-9 cm has the shape of a cone, and over time it becomes almost flat with a sharp or not very pronounced tubercle in the middle. The silky-fibrous skin of the cap is usually murine or gray-brown in color, although red-brown (brick-colored) specimens are found. The leg of this type of rowing is 5-9 cm long and up to 2 cm thick, straight or curved with a screw, white, in old mushrooms it is hollow, with a yellowish lower part. The plates of the earthy row are sparse, uneven, white or with a grayish tinge. The pulp is elastic, white, almost tasteless, with a slight floury smell.

The earthy row is in symbiosis with pine, therefore it grows only in the coniferous forests of the European territory of Russia, in Siberia and the Caucasus. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to mid-October.

Mongolian rowing(Tricholoma mongolicum )

Edible mushroom with excellent taste. It has an uncharacteristic for most rows appearance. If not for the plates, an inexperienced mushroom picker could mistake the Mongolian row for a porcini mushroom. The cap of young species has the shape of an egg or a hemisphere, and over time becomes convex-prostrate with tucked edges. The white glossy skin of the cap becomes dull and off-white with age. On average, the diameter of the cap reaches 6-20 cm. The leg of the Mongolian row is 4-10 cm high, thick, expanded at the base. In young mushrooms, the stem is white, with age it becomes yellowish, hollow. The pulp of the mushroom is white, fleshy with a good taste and mushroom aroma.

Ryadovka Mongolian grows in Central Asia, Mongolia and western China. Fruits twice: the first time - from March to May, the second - in the middle of autumn. It grows in the steppes among the grass, mostly in large groups, often forming "witch circles". It is valued in Mongolia as the main type of mushroom and a medicinal remedy.

Matsutake (shod rowing, spotted rowing)(Tricholoma matsutake)

Translated from Japanese, it means "pine mushroom" and is highly valued in Asian cuisine for its specific pine-spicy smell and delicious mushroom taste. Matsutake mushroom has a wide silky cap with a diameter of 6 to 20 cm. The skin can be of different shades of brown, in old mushrooms the surface cracks, and white flesh shines through it. The stem of the matsutake, 5 to 20 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm thick, holds firmly in the soil and is often tilted all the way to the ground. At the top, the leg of the spotted row is white, brown below, under the cap itself there is a membranous ring - the remains of a protective cover. Matsutake plates are light, the flesh is white with a spicy aroma of cinnamon.

Matsutake mushroom grows in Japan, China, Korea, Sweden, Finland, North America, Russia (Urals, Siberia, Far East). Is a mycorrhizal partner coniferous trees: pine (including red Japanese) and fir. It occurs in ring colonies under fallen leaves on dry, poor soils. Fruiting from September to October.

Giant rowing (giant rowing, giant rowing, colossus rowing, huge rowing)(Tricholoma colossus)

Edible mushroom. The diameter of the cap of the giant row varies from 8 to 20 cm, and the hemispherical shape changes with age to a flat one with a raised edge. The skin of the cap is smooth, reddish-brown, with lighter edges. An elastic straight leg with a tuberous seal at the base grows up to 5-10 cm in length and has a thickness of 2 to 6 cm. The upper part of the leg is white, in the center it is yellow or reddish-brown. The plates of the edible gigantic row are frequent, wide, white, and in old mushrooms they acquire a brick color. The white pulp of the rowing mushroom turns red or yellow when damaged, has a pleasant mushroom aroma and a tart nutty taste.

Giant rows are mycorrhizal partners of pine, therefore they grow in pine forests in European countries, in Russia, in North Africa and in Japan. Peak fruiting is in August and September.

Yellow-brown rowing (brown rowing, red-brown rowing, brown-yellow rowing)(Tricholoma fulvum)

Edible mushroom, slightly bitter when cooked. The convex hat of young rows eventually acquires a flattened shape with a small tubercle in the middle. The skin is sticky, in old mushrooms it can be scaly. The diameter of the hat of the yellow-brown row varies from 3 to 15 cm, the color of the hat is reddish-brown with a lighter edge. The stem of the fungus is straight or with a slight thickening in the lower part, grows from 4 to 12 cm in height and has a thickness of up to 2 cm. The plates are frequent or sparse, uneven, pale yellow, covered with brown spots in old mushrooms. The flesh of the brown row is white or yellowish, has a characteristic mealy aroma and a bitter taste.

The yellow-brown row is in symbiosis only with birch, therefore it grows exclusively in deciduous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, especially abundant in August and September.

Row crowded (lyophyllum crowded, group row)(Lyophyllum decastes)

An edible mushroom of low quality, belongs to the genus Lyophyllum, the Lyophyllic family. One fusion of mushrooms consists of fruiting bodies with different forms. The caps are rounded, with a tucked edge, convex-prostrate or slightly concave. The diameter of the cap of this variety of rowing varies from 4 to 12 cm. The smooth, sometimes scaly skin of the cap has a grayish, gray-brown or off-white color, which brightens with time. The light legs of mushrooms, often fused at the base, grow from 3 to 8 cm in height and have a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. The shape of the leg is straight or slightly swollen, with a gray-brown tuberous thickening at the base. The plates of the fungus are frequent, fleshy, even, grayish or yellowish, darken when damaged. The dense, elastic pulp of the crowded rowweed has a mouse or brownish color with a characteristic floury aroma and a slight pleasant taste.

Row crowded is a typical soil saprophyte that grows throughout the temperate climate zone. Grows in tight, hard-to-separate groups in forests, parks, gardens, meadows, along roads and edges from September to October. In a number of Asian countries, it is grown and used in pharmacology for the production medicines from diabetes and cancer.

(May mushroom, May calocybe, St. George's mushroom)(Calocybe gambosa)

An edible fungus of the genus Calocybe, Lyophyllic family. The diameter of the cap of the May mushroom is only 4-6 cm, and the flat-round shape of young mushrooms changes to convex-prostrate as they grow. The flaky-fibrous skin of the cap at the beginning of growth has a light beige color, then turns white, and turns yellow in overgrown mushrooms. A straight leg 4 to 9 cm high and up to 3.5 cm thick can expand downward or, conversely, narrow. The main color of the leg of the May row is whitish with yellowness, and at the base it is rusty yellow. Often growing plates are white at first, then become cream or light yellow. The fleshy pulp of the May row is colored white and has a floury taste and aroma.

Ryadovka Mayskaya is common throughout the European part of Russia and grows in forests, groves, parks, meadows and pastures from April to June, but bears fruit especially abundantly in May.

Rows are conditionally edible, photo and description

Poplar rowing (Tricholoma populinum )

Conditionally edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the poplar row has a diameter of 6 to 12 cm, at first convex, gradually straightens, and its glossy and slippery surface becomes uneven. The skin of the cap is colored yellow-brown. The fleshy leg is 3-8 cm long and up to 4 cm thick, light in a young mushroom, becomes red-brown with age, darkens when pressed. The plates are white at first, in overgrown mushrooms they are red-brown. The pulp is dense, fleshy, white, has a pronounced floury smell. Under the skin of the cap it is pink, in the stem it is gray-brown.

Poplar row mushroom forms mycorrhiza with poplar, therefore it is distributed mainly under poplars, in the forest park zone of Siberia and southern Russia. Fruits in long rows from late summer to October. In regions poor in other types of mushrooms, poplar rows are valued as an important food product.

Row purple(Lepista nuda)

A conditionally edible mushroom, which was originally attributed to the genus lepista, and now belongs to the genus govorushka, or clitocybe ( Clitocybe). Purple rowing is a fairly large mushroom with a cap diameter of 6 to 15 cm (sometimes up to 20 cm). The shape of the cap is initially hemispherical, gradually straightens out and becomes convex-prostrate, and sometimes concave inward with a wavy, tucked edge. The smooth glossy skin of young rows is bright purple in color, as the fungus grows, it fades and becomes brownish or yellowish-brown. The leg, 4 to 10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick, can be even, slightly thickened near the ground, but always covered at the top with a scattering of light flakes. In young mushrooms, the stem is elastic, purple, brightens with age, and turns brown in old age. Violet row plates up to 1 cm wide, thin, frequent, purple, brownish in overgrown specimens. The fleshy pulp is also distinguished by a light purple color, becoming yellowish with time, with a mild taste and an anise aroma that is unexpected for mushrooms.

Violet rows - typical saprophytes, grow on the ground, rotting foliage and needles, as well as in vegetable gardens on compost. Purple row mushrooms are common in coniferous and mixed forests throughout the temperate zone, appear at the end of summer and bear fruit until December, both singly and in ring colonies.

Row yellow-red (pine honey agaric, yellow-red honey agaric, red honey agaric, blushing row, yellow-red false row) (Tricholomopsis rutilans)

Conditionally edible mushroom. Due to the unpleasant bitter taste and sour smell, it is often considered inedible. In the blushing row, at first a rounded, then prostrate hat with a diameter of 5 to 15 cm. The skin is dry, velvety, orange-yellow in color, dotted with small, red-brown fibrous scales. The straight or curved stem grows up to 4-10 cm in height, has a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm and a characteristic thickened base. The color of the stem corresponds to the color of the cap, but with lighter scales. The plates are wavy, pale or bright yellow. The dense, fleshy pulp of the rowing mushroom is distinguished by a juicy yellow color, bitter and has a sour smell of rotten wood.

Unlike most other rows, the blushing row is a saprotroph that grows, like mushrooms, on dead wood in pine forests. It is a common mushroom of the temperate zone and bears fruit in families from mid-summer to late October.

Ryadovka open-shaped, she is bandaged rowing(Tricholoma focale)

Conditionally edible rare mushroom with low taste. Fleshy mushrooms on a thick stem are distinguished by a heterogeneous color of the cap, which can be red, yellowish-brown with greenish spots and veins. The diameter of the row cap is from 3 to 15 cm, the shape is narrow and convex in a young mushroom, over time it becomes flat-convex with a tucked edge. The leg is 3 to 11 cm high and up to 3 cm thick and has a fibrous ring. Above the ring, the leg is white or cream, from below it is covered with scales and brick-colored belts. The rowing plates are frequent, pale pink or cream at the beginning of growth, then they become uneven, dirty yellow, with brown spots. The flesh is white, with an unpleasant taste and smell.

Rowberry is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and grows on infertile soils of light pine forests in Europe and North America. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to October. You can eat them in a salted, pickled form, as well as after boiling for 20 minutes (the water must be drained).

or woolly rowing(Tricholoma vaccinum)

Conditionally edible mushroom, widespread throughout the temperate climate zone. The bearded row is easily identified by its reddish or pinkish-brown, woolly-scaly skin. The hat at first has a convex, conical shape, in old mushrooms it is almost flat, with a low tubercle. The edges of young mushrooms are characteristically tucked up, and over time they almost completely straighten out. The diameter of the cap is 4-8 cm, the length of the stem is 3-9 cm, with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. White or yellowish-cream plates rarely planted, turn brown when broken. The flesh is white or pale yellow, without a pronounced taste and aroma.

Mycorrhiza of the bearded row is associated with spruce, less often bearded row mushrooms grow in pine and fir forests, as well as in swamps with a predominance of willow and alder. The mushroom bears fruit from mid-August to mid-October.

Zelenushka (green row, green, yellow, golden row, lemon row)(Tricholoma equestre, Tricholoma flavovirens)

A conditionally edible mushroom, which got its name due to the persistent green color that persists even in boiled mushrooms. It is suspected that the mushroom is poisonous, due to several deaths after eating this mushroom. The green row has a fleshy hat with a diameter of 4 to 15 cm, first convex, then becomes flat. The skin is smooth, slimy, green-yellow in color with a brownish center, usually covered with a substrate (such as sand) on which the rowweed mushroom grows. The smooth yellowish-green leg of the greenfinch, 4 to 9 cm long, has a slight thickening at the bottom and is often hidden in the soil, and at the base it is dotted with small brown scales. The plates are thin, frequent, lemon or greenish-yellow in color. The flesh of young specimens is white, turns yellow with age and has a floury smell and a mild taste.

Greenfinch grows in dry, pine-dominated coniferous forests throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Unlike most rowing mushrooms, green rowing mushrooms bear fruit singly or in small groups of 5-8 pieces from September until frost.

Row scaly (fibrous scaly), she is sweetie or brownish row(Tricholoma imbricatum)

Conditionally edible mushroom with a convex dark brown cap and club-shaped leg. Some mycologists classify these row mushrooms as inedible. The velvety, covered with small scales cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it looks like a cone, then it becomes flat-convex with a protruding tubercle in the middle. Leg length from 4 to 10 cm, fibrous, brown below, pinkish or yellow in the middle, white under the cap. The plates of this type of rows are white or cream, when damaged they become brown. White or light beige pulp of mushrooms has a light fruity aroma and a mealy taste with a slight bitterness.

The scaly rowweed is the mycorrhizal partner of pine and is often found in coniferous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, growing in large colonies, often in the form of "witch circles". Fruiting from mid-August to mid-October.

Row white-brown or white-brown (lashanka)(Tricholoma albobrunneum)

Conditionally edible mushroom. Some mycologists classify it as an inedible mushroom. The cap is burgundy at first, becoming reddish-brown with a pale edge over time. The skin of the cap is mucous, prone to cracking. The cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it resembles a wide cone, it flattens as it grows, but has a characteristic tubercle in the middle. The stem can be from 3 to 10 cm in height and up to 2 cm in thickness, smooth or thin below, pinkish-brown with a white zone under the cap itself. The plates are frequent, white, in old mushrooms they are covered with brown spots. The pulp is white, powdery, bitter in old mushrooms.

White-brown rowing mushrooms are associated with pine mycorrhiza, sometimes found in spruce, less often mixed forests with acidic sandy soil. Fruiting from late August to October.

Rows are inedible, photo and description

Row white(Tricholoma album)

Inedible, and according to some sources poisonous mushroom. Outwardly, it resembles champignon and resembles another inedible representative of trichol - stinky row (lat. Tricholoma inamoenum). White rowing differs from champignon in its pungent smell and pungent taste, and also in the fact that its plates do not darken. The cap of a white row with a diameter of 6 to 10 cm, at first convex-rounded, then acquires a convex-outstretched shape. The dry dull skin of the cap is initially gray-white, and then becomes yellow-brown and covered with brownish spots. The leg of the row, 5-10 cm high, has a slight thickening at the bottom and repeats the color of the cap, in overgrown specimens it turns brown at the base. The plates are wide, frequent, at first white, with time they turn noticeably yellow. The pulp of the fruiting body is white, fleshy, turns pink on the cut and has a bitter, burning taste. The smell of old mushrooms is musty, somewhat similar to the smell of radish.

White rows are found in birch-dominated deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They grow from August to mid-autumn in huge families forming long rows and circles.

Soap row ( Tricholoma saponaceum, Agaricus saponaceus)

A non-toxic mushroom, recognized as inedible due to its unpleasant taste and fruity-soapy odor, which persist even when cooked. The soapwort has a smooth, hairless olive-green or olive-brown cap with a reddish center and pale margins. The shape of the cap is initially conical, then becomes flat-convex with a pronounced tubercle, the diameter is from 3 to 12 cm. The stipe is even or club-shaped, white or greenish-yellow, often dotted with red spots in older specimens. The height of the leg is from 6 to 12 cm with a thickness of 1 to 5 cm. Dense white or yellowish flesh turns red on the cut.

Soapy mushrooms grow in coniferous and deciduous forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, oak and beech. Fruiting from late summer to late autumn.

Rows are poisonous, photo and description

Row sulfuric (sulphurous), she rowing sulfur-yellow ( T richoloma sulphureum)

A slightly poisonous, low toxic mushroom that can cause mild poisoning. The fruit body of this mushroom has a characteristic gray-yellow color, which acquires a rusty-brown hue in old mushrooms. The velvety hat is 3 to 8 cm in diameter, convex at first, and eventually becomes flat with a small hole in the middle. The leg of this type of rowing with a height of 3 to 11 cm sometimes expands towards the bottom or vice versa, thickens towards the top, at the base it can be covered with brown scales. The plates are rare, with an uneven edge. The pulp is distinguished by a pronounced smell of hydrogen sulfide, tar or acetylene and an unpleasant, bitter taste.

Sulfuric mushrooms grow in deciduous and mixed forests throughout the European territory, are in symbiosis with oak and beech, sometimes with fir and pine. Fruiting from mid-August to October.

Pointed rowing (mouse rowing, striped rowing, burning-sharp rowing)(Tricholoma virgatum)

Poisonous mushroom (some consider it inedible). The hat, 3-5 cm in diameter, at first looks like a pointed cone or bell, and as it grows, it becomes plano-convex, with a pronounced sharp tubercle in the middle. The shiny fibrous skin of the pointed rows is distinguished by a dark gray mouse color. The leg of this type of rowing is long and thin, grows from 5 to 15 cm in length and is even or gradually expands downwards. Leg surface white color, near the ground may be yellow or pinkish. The plates of the mouse row are frequent, uneven, white or grayish, in overgrown mushrooms they are covered with yellow spots. The dense white pulp of the fruiting body has no pronounced odor and is distinguished by a sharp pungent taste.

Row pointed is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, spruce and larch. Abundantly grows in coniferous forests of the temperate zone from early September to late autumn.

, she is leopard row or rowing poisonous(Tricholoma pardinum)

A rare, poisonous, toxic mushroom that is easily confused with some edible species of rowweed. The hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm initially has the shape of a ball, then resembles a bell, and in old specimens it becomes flat. Off-white, grayish or black-gray skin of the cap is covered with concentric flaky scales. In a similar edible species, gray rows, the cap is slimy and smooth. The leg of the tiger line is from 4 to 15 cm long, straight, sometimes club-shaped, white in color with a slight buffy coating, rusty at the base. The plates are wide, fleshy, rather rare, yellowish or greenish. In mature mushrooms, droplets of released moisture are visible on the plates. The pulp of the fruiting body is gray, at the base of the stem it is yellow, with a floury smell, devoid of bitterness. A similar view is the earthy row (lat. Tricholoma terreum), does not have a floury taste and smell, and its plates are white or gray.

Tiger mushrooms grow on the edges of coniferous and deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They bear fruit from the end of August to October singly, in small groups or form "witch circles".

Useful properties of rowing

Edible rowan mushrooms are an excellent dietary product that has a positive effect on the tone of the gastrointestinal tract, promotes the regeneration of liver cells and the removal of toxins from the body. Rows are distinguished by a rich chemical composition, in which a number of substances useful for the human body are found:

vitamins of group B, A, C, D2, D7, K, PP, betaine;
minerals (phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, manganese);
amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine, aspartic, glutamic and stearic acids);
natural antibiotics clitocin and fomecin, which fight bacteria and cancer cells;
phenols;
ergosterol;
flavonoids;
polysaccharides.

Chemical analysis edible species ryadovok revealed antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these mushrooms. Row mushrooms have a positive effect in the complex treatment of a number of pathological conditions:

diabetes;
normalization of blood pressure;
arrhythmia;
rheumatism;
osteoporosis;
disorders of the nervous system;
diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
oncological diseases.

Harm of rows and contraindications for use

Row mushrooms tend to accumulate various atmospheric pollutants, as well as heavy metals, so old overgrown mushrooms will not bring benefits, but rather harm the body.

The abuse of mushrooms can cause flatulence, pain and heaviness in the abdomen.

You should not eat a large number of rows with low acidity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, gallbladder dysfunction, pancreatitis and cholecystitis.

Symptoms (signs) of poisoning by rows

Symptoms of poisoning with poisonous rows appear 1-3 hours after eating and are similar to the toxic effects of many poisonous mushrooms:

increased salivation;
weakness;
nausea;
vomit;
diarrhea;
pain in the stomach;
headache.

Poison rows usually do not cause confusion, hallucinations and delusions, but at the first symptoms of poisoning, you should consult a doctor.

In many countries, rowan mushrooms are considered a delicacy: some species are successfully grown and sold for export.
Rows are easy to grow at home, and the method of growing is very similar to mushroom cultivation.
Powder from the dried fruiting bodies of the row is used in cosmetology in the manufacture of facial lotions, which help to get rid of acne and excess oily skin.
Among the Japanese, matsutake mushroom is valued no less than among Europeans truffle, and fried matsutake is a rather expensive delicacy, because the cost of individual specimens can be about $ 100.

Row mushroom ripens from August to October. It can be found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. In one clearing, up to several hundred fruiting bodies grow, forming rounded rows. Because of this feature, the accumulation of mushrooms was popularly nicknamed. In order not to accidentally get poisoned, you need to know how to distinguish a gray poisonous row from a conditionally edible one.

Feature and description

Like other hat mushrooms, the body of the rowing mushroom consists of a stem and a cap. Both parts are able to take on different forms, while their shades often vary. The upper part of the young row is in the form of a ball, cone, bell or flattened hemisphere. The cap size in diameter in young mushrooms is 3-4 cm, in adults - 15-20 m or more.

The older the mushroom, the flatter its cap becomes. Along the edges, it can be either flat or bent inward or outward. Sometimes a slight bulge remains in the center, but in some species it is not. The mushroom has a skin that peels off in thin strips when pulled. The surface of the cap can be:

Depending on the species, the color of the fruit body varies from white to green and brown. Also, the top of the fungus can be bright red, red-gray, brown, green, pale yellow, dirty red, etc. This species is characterized by a change in shade during ripening and aging.

Row forms a stem 3–10 cm high. In a young mushroom, it has a thickness of 0.7–0.8 cm, in an old one it reaches 2.3 cm. Sometimes the stem grows the same over its entire height, but it also happens that it narrows or expands up. There are also mushrooms with club-shaped bases.

The color of the flesh of the leg is usually brownish, gray-pink or pink-brown, but only in the middle and lower parts. Under the cap itself there is a small area that is lighter than the rest of the mushroom. In some subspecies, a protective ring is located in the same place - what remains of the fibrous cover that covers the plates. The surface of the stem can be velvety, scaly (which makes it appear fluffy), fibrous, or completely smooth.

During the ripening period, the rowing forms white, light gray or colorless spores. A spore powder of brown, brown or white color is formed from the fruiting body.

Places of growth

The generic name for the gray row is tricholoma. This group includes many species, among which there are poisonous and conditionally edible. Also found, and the second group is not toxic to humans, but does not represent nutritional value. Thus, all varieties of tricholoma are divided into 4 groups. From the point of view of botanists, rowing is a lamellar aboveground fungus, the genus is agaric, the family is row or tricholom.

The pulp of the fruiting body exudes a light fruity aroma, it tastes a little sweet. The color can be light gray, gray-lilac, pale purple, white. Purple-legged mushrooms often grow where there is a lot of ash, but they can also be found in other forests, as well as in steppes covered with grassy vegetation. In years with favorable weather, fruiting begins in mid-spring and continues until the second decade of October.

earthy gray

The plates are wide, often arranged, almost white in young specimens, brownish or red-brown in old specimens. The pulp has a delicate aroma, characteristic of edible mushrooms, and has a nutty flavor. At a break, the mushroom is white, after a while the damaged area becomes light red or yellow. Row-colossus forms a mycorrhizal symbiosis with pine, common in Russia, Japan, North Africa and some European countries. Fruiting begins in early or mid-August and continues throughout September.

Honey agaric nut

Walnut honey agaric is another type of rowing. It is known as brown, red-brown and yellow-brown. This mushroom is edible, but even after prolonged heat treatment, the flesh is slightly bitter. In young specimens, the cap is slightly convex, less often rounded, becoming flat with age. There is a slight bulge in the middle. In the early days, the skin is smooth and sticky, then it becomes rough and covered with scales. The hat grows up to 15 cm in diameter, is colored light brown along the edges, darker in the center, with a red tint.

This species grows only in birch forests. Peak fruiting is in August and September. The brown row has white loose flesh with a powdery taste and aroma. The plates are yellowish, can be located both rarely and often, as the fungus ages, they become brown. Leg yellow-brown below, white above, interspersed with brown fibers.

These are the most common types of rowing, suitable for eating. According to the descriptions, they can easily be distinguished from poisonous and inedible.

Along with poisonous, there are several types edible rows. True, they can be used in food only after preliminary boiling. According to the photo and description, rowing mushrooms are similar, so it can be very difficult for amateurs to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from non-poisonous ones. Experienced mushroom pickers are advised to determine these gifts of the forest for edibility as follows: look at what row mushrooms look like when daylight- if their hats have no shade, are painted in a smooth, white color, such mushrooms should be avoided. Edible rowing mushrooms are always colored: lilac, purple, pinkish, etc. Poisonous varieties also have a pronounced odor. If you do not know what rows are, it is better not to collect mushrooms of this species in order to avoid poisoning.

In this article you will see photos of edible rows various kinds(yellow-red, gray, purple, pigeon and violet), we will give a description of them, and tell you where they grow.

The hat of Tricholomopsis rutilans (diameter 6-17 cm) is yellow-red, with reddish scales, convex. Over time, it changes shape to almost flat. Velvety, dry to the touch.

Leg of yellow-red rowing (height 5-12 cm): hollow and curved, with fibrous scales along the entire length and a noticeable thickening at the very base. The color is similar to the hat.

Records: sinuous, bright lemon or rich yellow.

Pay attention to the photo of the yellow-red line: its flesh is the same color as the plates. It has a bitter taste, smells like rotten wood.

Doubles: missing.

When growing: from mid-July to the end of October in the temperate zone of Russia.

Where to find: in coniferous forests on rotten stumps and dead wood.

Eating: mostly young mushrooms in salted or pickled form, subject to preliminary boiling.

does not apply.

Other names: pine honey agaric, blushing row, yellow-red honey agaric, false yellow-red honey agaric, red honey agaric.

Edible gray row: photo and description (Tricholoma portentosum)

Hat (diameter 3-13 cm): usually grayish, rarely with a purple or olive tint, more intense in the center, with a clearly defined tubercle. Convex or conical, becomes prostrate over time, in old mushrooms it turns up. The edges are usually uneven and wavy or covered with cracks, bent to inside. In wet weather, slippery, often with particles of earth or grass stuck to it.

Leg (height 4.5-16 cm): white or yellowish, usually powdery. Thickened at the base, continuous and fibrous, hollow in old mushrooms.

Records: sinuous, white or yellowish.

Pulp: dense and fibrous, the same color as the plates. Does not have a pronounced aroma.

The photo and description of the edible gray row is similar to the poisonous variety of the mushroom, so you need to be careful when picking mushrooms.

Doubles: earthy rowing (Tricholoma terreum), which is smaller and has small scales on the cap. Soap row (Tricholoma saponaceum) is easy to distinguish by the smell of laundry soap at the cut point. The poisonous pointed row (Tricholoma virgatum) has a burning taste, there is a gray sharp tubercle on the ash-white hat. And the row is different (Tricholoma sejunctum), which belongs to the conditionally edible group, has an extremely unpleasant odor and a greenish tint of the leg.

When growing: from late August to mid-November in temperate countries of the Northern Hemisphere.

Eating: the mushroom is tasty in any form, only you must first remove the skin and rinse it thoroughly. After cooking, the color of the pulp often darkens. Mushrooms of various ages are suitable for culinary purposes.

In the form of a tincture. Has antibiotic properties.

Where can I find: on sandy soils of coniferous or mixed

Other names: rowing hatched, podsosnovnik, podzelenka.

Row mushroom purple: photo and description

Violet row mushroom cap (Lepista nuda) (diameter 5-22 cm): violet with varying degrees of intensity, noticeably fades, especially at the edges, in old mushrooms it becomes brownish-buffy. Meaty and large. The shape of the hemisphere gradually changes to prostrate, strongly depressed or funnel-shaped. The edges of the mushroom cap are noticeably bent towards the inside. To feel smooth, without bumps or cracks.

Look at the photo of the purple row: the mushroom has a smooth, dense stem 5-12 cm high. Basically, the stem is longitudinally fibrous, in old mushrooms it can become hollow. It has a cylindrical shape, under the cap itself there is a flaky coating, and at the very base there is a purple mycelium. Tapers from bottom to top. Over time, it brightens significantly from bright purple to gray-lilac and light brown.

Records: in a young mushroom, they are wide and thin, with a lilac-violet tint, eventually turn pale and acquire a brown tint. Noticeably behind the legs.

Pulp: light purple and very soft, the smell is similar to anise.

The photo and description of the purple row is similar to the violet row.

Doubles: earthy rowing (Tricholoma terreum), which is smaller and has small scales on the cap. Soap row (Tricholoma saponaceum) is easy to distinguish by the smell of laundry soap at the cut point. The poisonous pointed row (Tricholoma virgatum) has a burning taste, there is a gray sharp tubercle on the ash-white hat. And the row is different (Tricholoma sejunctum), which belongs to, has an extremely unpleasant odor and a greenish tint of the leg.

When growing: from mid-August to early December in temperate countries of the Northern Hemisphere.

Where can I find: on the litter of coniferous and mixed forests, mainly near oaks, spruces or pines, often on heaps of compost, straw or brushwood. Forms "witch circles".

Eating: after heat treatment in any form. It is strongly fried and boiled down, so drying is the best option.

Application in traditional medicine(data are not confirmed and have not been clinically tested!): as a diuretic.

Important! Since purple rows belong to the category of saprophytic mushrooms, they should never be consumed raw. Such carelessness can result in serious stomach disorders.

Other names: titmouse, naked lepista, cyanosis, purple lepista.

What other rows are: pigeon and violet

Pigeon row(Tricholoma columbetta)- mushroom.

Hat (diameter 5-12 cm): white or grayish, may be with green or yellow spots. Fleshy, often with wavy and cracked edges. In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, which eventually changes to a more prostrate one. The surface is very sticky in wet weather.

Leg (height 6-11 cm, diameter 1-3 cm): often curved, white, may be greenish at the base.

Records: wide and frequent. Young mushrooms are white, adults are reddish or brown.

As can be seen in the photo of the edible rowing mushroom, the pulp of this species is very dense, it turns slightly pink at the cut site. Emits a distinct floury odor.

Doubles: inedible white row (Tricholoma album) with a brown base of the stem and an extremely unpleasant odor.

When growing: from the beginning of August to the end of September in the countries of the Eurasian continent with a temperate climate.

Where can I find: in deciduous and mixed forests. It can also grow in open spaces, in particular in pastures or meadows.

Eating: the mushroom is suitable for salting and pickling. Under the influence of high temperatures during the heat treatment, the flesh of the rowing turns red, but this does not affect its taste properties.

Application in traditional medicine: does not apply.

Other names: bluish row.

Row violet(Lepista irina) also belongs to the category of edible mushrooms.

Hat (diameter 3-14 cm): usually white, yellowish or brown. In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, which eventually changes to almost flat. The edges are uneven and wavy. Feels smooth to the touch.

Violet row leg (height 3-10 cm): slightly lighter than the cap, tapering from bottom to top. Fibrous, sometimes with small scales.

Pulp: very soft, white or slightly pinkish, without pronounced taste, smells like fresh corn.

Doubles: smoky talker (Clitocybe nebularis), which is large and has very wavy edges.

When growing: from mid-August to early November in temperate countries of the Northern Hemisphere.

Where can I find: in mixed and deciduous forests.

Eating: subject to preliminary heat treatment.

Application in traditional medicine: does not apply.

We offer you to see edible and inedible mushrooms in the photo, and then we will continue to get acquainted with these varieties of representatives of the mushroom kingdom:

Row mushroom in the photo

Row mushrooms white inedible in the photo

White rows - inedible mushrooms: the photo below shows their appearance, which is worth remembering for every mushroom picker. The cap is 3-8 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is convex with a curved edge, then open and curved, dry, smooth, white, sometimes with a creamy tint. The plates are notched white, in depth with a creamy tint. The leg is firm elastic, white, 5-10 cm long, up to 1 cm thick. The pulp is white, dense with an unpleasant musty smell of laundry soap.

It grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests, especially on limestone soils. Forms "witch circles", often found in forest belts. Appears in large numbers shortly after rain.

Fruiting from July to October.

The white row is similar to the poisonous whitish talker mushroom (Cliticybe dealbata), which is distinguished by a floury smell, the presence of concentric circles on the cap and plates descending onto the leg.

Edible varieties of the rowing mushroom are presented below, it is worth studying them in order to understand the important differences in appearance.

Lilac-legged rowweed (Lepista personata)

Ryadovka lilac-legged in the photo

The mushroom is edible. You can examine this rowing mushroom in the photo and in the description in sufficient detail: a scaly hat is 5-14 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is strongly convex yellowish-brown with a tucked pale lilac edge, then flat-convex, open, smooth, light, yellowish-beige or white with lilac tint. The plates are low, frequent, adherent, descending, white or pale cream, not lilac. Leg cylindrical fibrous, glabrous, light purple or with purple strokes, 3-8 cm long and 2-3 cm thick. The flesh is white, pale lilac on the cut.

It grows on the edges of deciduous and mixed forests, on pastures with humus-rich soil, on potato fields and on the lawns of parks and gardens.

There are no poisonous twins.

Gray Row (Tricholoma portentosum)

The mushroom is edible. Look at these varieties of rowing mushrooms in the photo: caps are 5-10 cm in diameter, in young specimens they are convex, then open and curved, cracked along the edges, dry, gray-olive or gray with a purple tint. The plates are white or yellowish, adherent with a tooth. The leg is cylindrical, fibrous, whitish, 5-12 cm long and 1 cm thick, if cut, it quickly disintegrates into separate bundles. The pulp is whitish-yellow with a floury smell and taste.

It grows in mixed and coniferous forests, on sandy soils and moss-covered peat bogs. In Russia, it is sold in the markets in autumn.
Fruiting from August to November. Especially appreciated in late autumn, when other mushrooms are few.

The inedible double of the striped row (Tricholoma virigatum) differs from the row with a gray conical cap and a greater streak of young mushrooms.

Row violet, or titmouse (Lepista nuda)

The mushroom is edible. The fleshy cap is 5-14 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is convex, lilac or reddish-violet, then flat-convex, open, sometimes curved at the beginning of fruiting under the leaves, smooth purple or purple-brown. The plates are frequent, adherent, white or pale purple. Leg cylindrical, fibrous, glabrous, light purple, 5-8 cm long and 1-3 cm thick. The flesh is purple, then white-gray, lavender on the cut.

It grows on the edges of coniferous and mixed forests, in meadows, along roads, especially on fallen coniferous needles.
Fruiting from August to November. Maximum fruiting in September and before frost.

There are no toxic twins.

The mushroom is suitable for any type of cooking. It is one of the most popular edible, easily identified mushrooms.

The mushroom is edible. Caps up to 10 cm in diameter, in young specimens convex, finely fibrous, then open, finely scaly. The plates are often light cream, becoming pink-brown when damaged. Leg cylindrical, fibrous, hard, white, brownish below, 5-12 cm long and 1 cm thick. The flesh is white with a pleasant smell, sometimes slightly bitter.

It grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic and neutral soils.
It bears fruit from August to October in large quantities.

The scaly rowweed is similar to the inedible cowtail (Tricholoma vaccinum), which has bitter flesh and a more scaly cap.

Ryadovka(tricholoma) - a mushroom that can be both edible and poisonous. belong to the division Basidiomycetes, the class Agaricomycetes, the agaric order, the row family, the row row family. The name "row row" is often used for other fungi from the row family and other families.

Row mushrooms got their name due to the peculiarity of growing in large colonies arranged in long rows and witch circles.

Ryadovka - mushroom description, characteristics, photo. What does the row look like

Hat

The fruiting bodies of mushrooms have a hat-and-leg structure and are distinguished by a significant variability of external features. The cap of a young row, depending on the species, can be spherical, cone-shaped or bell-shaped. Hat diameter different types varies from 3 to 20 cm. With age, the caps straighten and become flat-spread, in many species a well-defined tubercle remains in the center. The edges of the cap can be smooth, wavy, sometimes tucked up or, conversely, bent outwards.

The skin of the row cap is dry and velvety, fibrous, scaly, or completely smooth and slimy. The color of the cap depends on the species and can be pure white or various variations of yellow, green, red and brown. As the fungus grows, the color of the cap can undergo significant changes.

Hymenophore (plates)

Under the cap, rowing mushrooms have plates that are covered with a spore-bearing layer - hymenium. The plates of some species are thin and frequent, while others are rare and fleshy, thoroughly fused with the stem. In young mushrooms, the hymenophore is white and even, with age its surface turns brown, becomes covered with brown spots, and the edges become uneven or torn.

Leg

The average height of the row leg varies from 3 to 10 cm, thickness - from 0.7 to 2 cm. The shape of the leg can be straight, cylindrical, club-shaped or expanding towards the top or bottom. The leg is completely bare, velvety, fibrous or covered with scales. The main color of the stem is pinkish-brown, and under the hat there may be a sharply limited or blurred white zone. In some species, the color of the legs may be lilac, and under the hat there may be a fibrous ring - the remains of a protective cover.

Spores and spore powder

Row mushroom has oblong, smooth, white or colorless spores. Spore powder is often white, sometimes brown.

Edibility

Row mushrooms can be edible, conditionally edible, inedible, non-toxic or poisonous: it all depends on the species. Most varieties have a distinctive mealy odor and an unpleasant, often bitter taste.

Where do rows (tricholomas) grow?

Rows are ground fungi that are distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are mycorrhiza-forming, and coniferous trees are preferred as mycorrhizal partners: more often pine, less often larch, spruce fir, rare species are in symbiosis with oak, birch and beech.

Rows grow on poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests. Usually appear in late summer and bear fruit until frost. But there are also species that can be harvested in the spring.

Row mushrooms grow singly, in small or large groups, forming long rows or ring colonies - “witch circles”.

Row mushrooms: photos, types, names

The genus Ryadovka includes about 100 species of mushrooms, 45 of which grow in Russia. Below are the types of rows (from the family of rows and other families) with descriptions and photographs.

Row mushrooms are edible, photo and description.

Row gray(lat. Tricholoma portentosum) is an edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the serushka with a diameter of 4 to 12 cm is initially rounded, and over time becomes flat and uneven, with a flattened tubercle in the middle. The smooth skin of old mushrooms cracks, and its color is mouse or dark gray, sometimes with a greenish or purple tint. The smooth leg has a height of 4 to 15 cm, wider at the base, covered with a powdery coating at the top, becoming hollow over time. The color of the legs is whitish with a gray-yellow tint. The plates of this variety of rowing are wide, rare, at first white, with time they turn yellow or gray. The dense whitish pulp of serushka often turns yellow at the break and has a characteristic, mild, powdery taste and mild aroma. The gray row mushroom is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, therefore it grows mainly in pine forests throughout the temperate zone, often adjacent to greenfinch. Appears in September, and departs only at the end of autumn (in November).

Lilac-legged rowing (blue-legged, blue root, two-color rowing,lepista lilac-legged)(lat. Lepista personata, Lepista saeva)- an edible mushroom from the genus Lepista, the ordinary family. You can distinguish this rowing by the purple color of the legs. The hat has a diameter of 6-15 cm (sometimes up to 25 cm) and a smooth yellowish-beige surface with a purple tint. The plates of the fungus are frequent, wide, yellowish or cream in color. The leg is 5-10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick. In young rows, a fibrous ring is clearly visible on the leg. The fleshy flesh of the two-color rows can be white, grayish or gray-purple with a mild sweet taste and a slight fruity aroma. Purple-footed mushrooms grow mainly in deciduous forests of the temperate zone with a predominance of ash. They are found throughout Russia. They bear fruit in large families, in the harvest year - from mid-spring (April) to persistent frosts (November).

Earthy rowing (earthy gray rowing, ground rowing)(lat. Tricholoma terreum)- edible mushroom. In young mushrooms, a cap with a diameter of 3-9 cm has the shape of a cone, and over time it becomes almost flat with a sharp or not very pronounced tubercle in the middle. The silky-fibrous skin of the cap is usually murine or gray-brown in color, although red-brown (brick-colored) specimens are found. The leg of this type of rowing is 5-9 cm long and up to 2 cm thick, straight or curved with a screw, white, in old mushrooms it is hollow, with a yellowish lower part. The plates of the earthy row are sparse, uneven, white or with a grayish tinge. The pulp is elastic, white, almost tasteless, with a slight floury smell. The earthy row is in symbiosis with pine, therefore it grows only in the coniferous forests of the European territory of Russia, in Siberia and the Caucasus. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to mid-October.

Mongolian rowing(lat. Tricholoma mongolicum) is an edible mushroom with excellent taste. It has an appearance uncharacteristic for most rows. If it were not for the plates, an inexperienced mushroom picker could have taken the Mongolian row of porcini mushrooms. The cap of young species has the shape of an egg or a hemisphere, and over time becomes convex-prostrate with tucked edges. The white glossy skin of the cap becomes dull and off-white with age. On average, the diameter of the cap reaches 6-20 cm. The leg of the Mongolian row is 4-10 cm high, thick, expanded at the base. In young mushrooms, the stem is white, with age it becomes yellowish, hollow. The pulp of the mushroom is white, fleshy with a good taste and mushroom aroma. Ryadovka Mongolian grows in Central Asia, Mongolia and western China. Fruits twice: the first time - from March to May, the second - in the middle of autumn. It grows in the steppes among the grass, mostly in large groups, often forming "witch circles". It is valued in Mongolia as the main type of mushroom and a medicinal remedy.

Matsutake (shod rowing, spotted rowing)(lat. Tricholoma matsutake) translated from Japanese means “pine mushroom” and is highly valued in Asian cuisine for its specific pine-spicy smell and delicious mushroom taste. Matsutake mushroom has a wide silky cap with a diameter of 6 to 20 cm. The skin can be of different shades of brown, in old mushrooms the surface cracks, and white flesh shines through it. The stem of the matsutake, 5 to 20 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm thick, holds firmly in the soil and is often tilted all the way to the ground. At the top, the leg of the spotted row is white, brown below, under the cap itself there is a membranous ring - the remains of a protective cover. Matsutake plates are light, the flesh is white with a spicy aroma of cinnamon. Matsutake mushroom grows in Japan, China, Korea, Sweden, Finland, North America, Russia (Urals, Siberia, Far East). It is a mycorrhizal partner of coniferous trees: pine (including red Japanese) and fir. It occurs in ring colonies under fallen leaves on dry, poor soils. Fruiting from September to October.

Giant rowing (giant rowing, giant rowing, colossus rowing, huge rowing)(lat. Tricholoma colossus)- edible mushroom. The diameter of the cap of the giant row varies from 8 to 20 cm, and the hemispherical shape changes with age to a flat one with a raised edge. The skin of the cap is smooth, reddish-brown, with lighter edges. The elastic straight leg with a tuberous seal at the base grows up to 5-10 cm in length and has a thickness of 2 to 6 cm. The upper part of the leg is white, in the center it is yellow or reddish-brown. The plates of the edible gigantic row are frequent, wide, white, and in old mushrooms they acquire a brick color. The white pulp of the rowing mushroom turns red or yellow when damaged, has a pleasant mushroom aroma and a tart nutty taste. Giant rows are mycorrhizal partners of pine, therefore they grow in pine forests in European countries, in Russia, North Africa and Japan. Peak fruiting is in August and September.

Yellow-brown rowing (brown rowing, red-brown rowing, brown-yellow rowing)(lat. Tricholoma fulvum)- edible mushroom, slightly bitter when cooked. The convex hat of young rows eventually acquires a flattened shape with a small tubercle in the middle. The skin is sticky, in old mushrooms it can be scaly. The diameter of the hat of the yellow-brown row varies from 3 to 15 cm, the color of the hat is reddish-brown with a lighter edge. The stem of the fungus is straight or with a slight thickening in the lower part, grows from 4 to 12 cm in height and has a thickness of up to 2 cm. The plates are frequent or sparse, uneven, pale yellow, covered with brown spots in old mushrooms. The flesh of the brown row is white or yellowish, has a characteristic mealy aroma and a bitter taste. The yellow-brown row is in symbiosis only with birch, therefore it grows exclusively in deciduous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, especially abundant in August and September.

Row crowded (lyophyllum crowded, group row)(lat. Lyophyllum decastes)- an edible mushroom of low quality, belongs to the genus lyophyllum, the lyophyllic family. One fusion of mushrooms consists of fruiting bodies with different shapes. The caps are rounded, with a tucked edge, convex-prostrate or slightly concave. The diameter of the cap of this variety of rowing varies from 4 to 12 cm. The smooth, sometimes scaly skin of the cap has a grayish, gray-brown or off-white color, which brightens with time. The light legs of the mushrooms, often fused at the base, grow from 3 to 8 cm in height and have a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. The shape of the leg is straight or slightly swollen, with a gray-brown tuberous thickening at the base. The plates of the fungus are frequent, fleshy, even, grayish or yellowish, darken when damaged. The dense, elastic pulp of the crowded rowweed has a mouse or brownish color with a characteristic floury aroma and a slight pleasant taste. Row crowded is a typical soil saprophyte that grows throughout the temperate climate zone. Grows in tight, hard-to-separate groups in forests, parks, gardens, meadows, along roads and edges from September to October. In a number of Asian countries, it is grown and used in pharmacology for the production of drugs for diabetes and oncological diseases.

Ryadovka Mayskaya(May mushroom, May calocybe, St. George's mushroom)(lat. Calocybe gambosa)- an edible mushroom of the genus Calocybe, family Lyophylls. The diameter of the cap of the May mushroom is only 4-6 cm, and the flat-round shape of young mushrooms changes to convex-prostrate as they grow. The flaky-fibrous skin of the cap at the beginning of growth has a light beige color, then turns white, and turns yellow in overgrown mushrooms. A straight leg 4 to 9 cm high and up to 3.5 cm thick can expand downward or, conversely, narrow. The main color of the legs of the May row is whitish with yellowness, and rusty yellow at the base. Often growing plates are white at first, then become cream or light yellow. The fleshy pulp of the May row is colored white and has a floury taste and aroma. Ryadovka Mayskaya is common throughout the European part of Russia and grows in forests, groves, parks, meadows and pastures from April to June, but bears fruit especially abundantly in May.

Rows are conditionally edible, photo and description.

Poplar rowing (lat. Tricholoma populinum)- conditionally edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the poplar row has a diameter of 6 to 12 cm, at first convex, gradually straightens, and its glossy and slippery surface becomes uneven. The skin of the cap is colored yellow-brown. The fleshy leg is 3-8 cm long and up to 4 cm thick, light in a young mushroom, becomes red-brown with age, darkens when pressed. The plates are white at first, in overgrown mushrooms they are red-brown. The pulp is dense, fleshy, white, has a pronounced floury smell. Under the skin of the cap it is pink, in the stem it is gray-brown. Poplar row mushroom forms mycorrhiza with poplar, therefore it is distributed mainly under poplars, in the forest park zone of Siberia and southern Russia. Fruits in long rows from late summer to October. In regions poor in other types of mushrooms, poplar rows are valued as an important food product.

Row purple(lat. Lepista nuda)- a conditionally edible mushroom, which was originally classified as a genus of lepista, and now belongs to the genus talker, or clitocybe (Clitocybe). Violet rowing is a fairly large mushroom with a cap diameter of 6 to 15 cm (sometimes up to 20 cm). The shape of the cap is initially hemispherical, gradually straightens out and becomes convex-prostrate, and sometimes concave inward with a wavy, tucked edge. The smooth glossy skin of young rows is bright purple in color, as the fungus grows, it fades and becomes brownish or yellowish-brown. The leg, 4 to 10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick, can be even, slightly thickened near the ground, but always covered at the top with a scattering of light flakes. In young mushrooms, the stem is elastic, purple, brightens with age, and turns brown in old age. Violet row plates up to 1 cm wide, thin, frequent, purple, brownish in overgrown specimens. The fleshy pulp is also distinguished by a light purple color, becoming yellowish with time, with a mild taste and an anise aroma that is unexpected for mushrooms. Violet rows are typical saprophytes, grow on the ground, rotting foliage and needles, as well as in vegetable gardens on compost. Purple row mushrooms are common in coniferous and mixed forests throughout the temperate zone, appear at the end of summer and bear fruit until December, both singly and in ring colonies.

Row yellow-red (pine honey agaric, yellow-red honey agaric, red honey agaric, blushing row, yellow-red false row) (lat. Tricholomopsis rutilans)- conditionally edible mushroom. Due to the unpleasant bitter taste and sour smell, it is often considered inedible. In the blushing row, at first a rounded, then prostrate hat with a diameter of 5 to 15 cm. The skin is dry, velvety, orange-yellow in color, dotted with small, red-brown fibrous scales. The straight or curved stem grows up to 4-10 cm in height, has a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm and a characteristic thickened base. The color of the stem corresponds to the color of the cap, but with lighter scales. The plates are wavy, pale or bright yellow. The dense, fleshy pulp of the rowing mushroom is distinguished by a juicy yellow color, bitter and has a sour smell of rotten wood. Unlike most other rows, the blushing row is a saprotroph that grows, like mushrooms, on dead wood in pine forests. It is a common mushroom of the temperate zone and bears fruit in families from mid-summer to late October.

Ryadovka open-shaped, she is bandaged rowing(lat. Tricholoma focale)- a conditionally edible rare mushroom with low taste. Fleshy mushrooms on a thick stem are distinguished by a heterogeneous color of the cap, which can be red, yellowish-brown with greenish spots and veins. The diameter of the row cap is from 3 to 15 cm, the shape is narrow and convex in a young mushroom, over time it becomes flat-convex with a tucked edge. The leg is 3 to 11 cm high and up to 3 cm thick and has a fibrous ring. Above the ring, the leg is white or cream, from below it is covered with scales and brick-colored belts. The rowing plates are frequent, pale pink or cream at the beginning of growth, then they become uneven, dirty yellow, with brown spots. The flesh is white, with an unpleasant taste and smell. Rowberry is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and grows on infertile soils of light pine forests in Europe and North America. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to October. You can eat them in a salted, pickled form, as well as after boiling for 20 minutes (the water must be drained).

Row bearded, or woolly rowing(lat. Tricholoma vaccinum)- conditionally edible mushroom, widespread throughout the temperate climate zone. The bearded row is easily identified by its reddish or pinkish-brown, woolly-scaly skin. The hat at first has a convex, conical shape, in old mushrooms it is almost flat, with a low tubercle. The edges of young mushrooms are characteristically tucked up, and over time they almost completely straighten out. The diameter of the cap is 4-8 cm, the length of the stem is 3-9 cm, with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. White or yellowish-cream plates rarely planted, turn brown when broken. The flesh is white or pale yellow, without a pronounced taste and aroma. Mycorrhiza of the bearded row is associated with spruce, less often bearded row mushrooms grow in pine and fir forests, as well as in swamps with a predominance of willow and alder. The mushroom bears fruit from mid-August to mid-October.

Zelenushka (green row, green, yellow, golden row, lemon row)(lat. Tricholoma equestre, Tricholoma flavovirens)- a conditionally edible mushroom, which got its name due to the persistent green color that persists even in boiled mushrooms. It is suspected that the mushroom is poisonous, due to several deaths after eating this mushroom. The green row has a fleshy hat with a diameter of 4 to 15 cm, first convex, then becomes flat. The skin is smooth, slimy, green-yellow in color with a brownish center, usually covered with a substrate (such as sand) on which the rowweed mushroom grows. The smooth yellowish-green leg of the greenfinch, 4 to 9 cm long, has a slight thickening at the bottom and is often hidden in the soil, and at the base it is dotted with small brown scales. The plates are thin, frequent, lemon or greenish-yellow in color. The flesh of young specimens is white, turns yellow with age and has a floury smell and a mild taste. Greenfinch grows in dry, pine-dominated coniferous forests throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Unlike most rowing mushrooms, green rowing mushrooms bear fruit singly or in small groups of 5-8 pieces from September until frost.

Row scaly (fibrous scaly), she is sweetie or brownish row(lat. Tricholoma imbricatum)- a conditionally edible mushroom with a convex dark brown cap and club-shaped leg. Some mycologists classify these row mushrooms as inedible. The velvety, covered with small scales cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it looks like a cone, then it becomes flat-convex with a protruding tubercle in the middle. Leg length from 4 to 10 cm, fibrous, brown below, pinkish or yellow in the middle, white under the cap. The plates of this type of rows are white or cream, when damaged they become brown. The white or light beige pulp of the mushrooms has a light fruity aroma and a mealy taste with a slight bitterness. The scaly rowweed is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and is often found in coniferous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, growing in large colonies, often in the form of “witch circles”. Fruiting from mid-August to mid-October.

Row white-brown or white-brown (lashanka)(lat. Tricholoma albobrunneum)- conditionally edible mushroom. Some mycologists classify it as an inedible mushroom. The cap is burgundy at first, becoming reddish-brown with a pale edge over time. The skin of the cap is mucous, prone to cracking. The cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it resembles a wide cone, it flattens as it grows, but has a characteristic tubercle in the middle. The stem can be from 3 to 10 cm in height and up to 2 cm in thickness, smooth or thin below, pinkish-brown with a white zone under the cap itself. The plates are frequent, white, in old mushrooms they are covered with brown spots. The pulp is white, powdery, bitter in old mushrooms. White-brown rowing mushrooms are associated with pine mycorrhiza, sometimes found in spruce, less often mixed forests with acidic sandy soil. Fruiting from late August to October.

Rows are inedible, photo and description.

Row white(lat. Tricholoma album)- inedible, and according to some sources, a poisonous mushroom. Outwardly, it resembles champignon and resembles another inedible representative of trichol - stinky row (lat. Tricholoma inamoenum). White rowing differs from champignon in its pungent smell and pungent taste, and also in the fact that its plates do not darken. The cap of a white row with a diameter of 6 to 10 cm, at first convex-rounded, then acquires a convex-outstretched shape. The dry dull skin of the cap is initially gray-white, and then becomes yellow-brown and covered with brownish spots. The leg of the row, 5-10 cm high, has a slight thickening at the bottom and repeats the color of the cap, in overgrown specimens it turns brown at the base. The plates are wide, frequent, at first white, with time they turn noticeably yellow. The pulp of the fruiting body is white, fleshy, turns pink on the cut and has a bitter, burning taste. The smell of old mushrooms is musty, somewhat similar to the smell of radish. Ceps are found in birch-dominated deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They grow from August to mid-autumn in huge families forming long rows and circles.

Soap row (lat. Tricholoma saponaceum, Agaricus saponaceus)- a non-toxic mushroom, recognized as inedible due to its unpleasant taste and fruity and soapy smell, which persist even when cooked. The soapwort has a smooth, hairless olive-green or olive-brown cap with a reddish center and pale margins. The shape of the cap is initially conical, then becomes flat-convex with a pronounced tubercle, the diameter is from 3 to 12 cm. The stipe is even or club-shaped, white or greenish-yellow, often dotted with red spots in older specimens. The height of the leg is from 6 to 12 cm with a thickness of 1 to 5 cm. Dense white or yellowish flesh turns red on the cut. Soapy mushrooms grow in coniferous and deciduous forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, oak and beech. Fruiting from late summer to late autumn.

Rows are poisonous, photo and description.

Row sulfuric (sulphurous), she sulphur-yellow row(lat. Tricholoma sulphureum)- a slightly poisonous, low-toxic mushroom that can cause mild poisoning. The fruit body of this mushroom has a characteristic gray-yellow color, which acquires a rusty-brown hue in old mushrooms. The velvety hat is 3 to 8 cm in diameter, convex at first, and eventually becomes flat with a small hole in the middle. The leg of this type of rowing with a height of 3 to 11 cm sometimes expands towards the bottom or vice versa, thickens towards the top, at the base it can be covered with brown scales. The plates are rare, with an uneven edge. The pulp is distinguished by a pronounced smell of hydrogen sulfide, tar or acetylene and an unpleasant, bitter taste. Sulfuric mushrooms grow in deciduous and mixed forests throughout the European territory, are in symbiosis with oak and beech, sometimes with fir and pine. Fruiting from mid-August to October.

Pointed rowing (mouse rowing, striped rowing, burning-sharp rowing)(lat. Tricholoma virgatum)- poisonous mushroom (some consider it to be inedible). The hat, 3-5 cm in diameter, at first looks like a pointed cone or bell, and as it grows, it becomes plano-convex, with a pronounced sharp tubercle in the middle. The shiny fibrous skin of the pointed rows is distinguished by a dark gray mouse color. The leg of this type of rowing is long and thin, grows from 5 to 15 cm in length and is even or gradually expands downwards. The surface of the leg is white, near the ground it may be yellow or pinkish. The plates of the mouse row are frequent, uneven, white or grayish, in overgrown mushrooms they are covered with yellow spots. The dense white pulp of the fruiting body has no pronounced odor and is distinguished by a sharp pungent taste. Row pointed is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, spruce and larch. Abundantly grows in coniferous forests of the temperate zone from early September to late autumn.

Tiger Row, she is leopard row or rowing poisonous(lat. Tricholoma pardinum)- a rare poisonous toxic mushroom that is easily confused with some edible types of rowing. The hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm initially has the shape of a ball, then resembles a bell, and in old specimens it becomes flat. Off-white, grayish or black-gray skin of the cap is covered with concentric flaky scales. In a similar edible species, gray rows, the cap is slimy and smooth. The leg of the tiger line is from 4 to 15 cm long, straight, sometimes club-shaped, white in color with a slight buffy coating, rusty at the base. The plates are wide, fleshy, rather rare, yellowish or greenish. In mature mushrooms, droplets of released moisture are visible on the plates. The pulp of the fruiting body is gray, at the base of the stem is yellow, with a floury smell, devoid of bitterness. A similar view is the earthy row (lat. Tricholoma terreum), does not have a floury taste and smell, and its plates are white or gray. Tiger mushrooms grow on the edges of coniferous and deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They bear fruit from the end of August to October singly, in small groups or form "witch circles".

Useful properties of the row.

vitamins of group B, A, C, D2, D7, K, PP, betaine;
minerals (phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, manganese);
amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine, aspartic, glutamic and stearic acids);
natural antibiotics clitocin and fomecin, which fight bacteria and cancer cells;
phenols;
ergosterol;
flavonoids;
polysaccharides.

Chemical analysis of edible species of rows revealed antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these mushrooms. Row mushrooms have a positive effect in the complex treatment of a number of pathological conditions:

diabetes;
normalization of blood pressure;
arrhythmia;
rheumatism;
osteoporosis;
disorders of the nervous system;
diseases of the genitourinary sphere;
oncological diseases.

Harm of rows and contraindications for use.

Row mushrooms tend to accumulate various atmospheric pollutants, as well as heavy metals, so old overgrown mushrooms will not bring benefits, but rather harm the body.
The abuse of mushrooms can cause flatulence, pain and heaviness in the abdomen.
You should not eat a large number of rows with low acidity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, gallbladder dysfunction, pancreatitis and cholecystitis.