polish mushroom Xerocomus badius

fruit body. The cap is 5 to 12 cm in diameter, fleshy, hemispherical when young, prostrate later, brown. The dry skin is velvety. The tubular layer is first whitish, then yellow, and finally yellow-green, when pressed, it acquires an intense blue-green color. Spore powder olive-brown. Leg brownish to yellow-brown, lighter than cap, without reticulate pattern, fleshy. The pulp is juicy, whitish, turning blue on the cut, with a pleasant smell and taste.

season and place. In summer and autumn it grows in coniferous forests. Occurs frequently.

similarity. Sometimes the Polish mushroom is confused with the porcini mushroom and with the gall fungus.

Grade. The mushroom is edible. Popular, almost like white, which is not inferior in taste.

motley mossXerocomus chrysenteron

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 3 to 8 cm, olive-brown or black-brown, hemispherical in youth, velvety, convex and reticulated-cracked with age, reddening in cracks. The tubular layer is yellow at first, then olive-green, slightly bluish when pressed. Spore powder olive-brown. The leg is fleshy, often curved, thin, reddish on a yellowish background. The flesh is juicy, soft, whitish-yellow, reddish under the skin of the cap and at the base of the stem, slightly bluish, sour when cut.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn, is found in any forests and does not impose special requirements on the soil.

similarity. It resembles green flywheel and old specimens of red flywheel.

Grade. The fungus is edible, but often affected by mold.

mokhovik greenXerocomus subtomentosus

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 4 to 10 cm, olive-brown or olive-green, convex, suede-velvety, sometimes fissured. The tubular layer has a characteristic bright yellow color, does not turn blue when pressed, the pores of the tubules are angular. Spore powder olive-brown. The leg is even, yellowish, in the middle part it happens with a brownish or reddish tint. The pulp is juicy, soft, whitish, yellowish in the stem, only occasionally slightly blue, not sour.

season and place. Grows in summer and autumn in forests. Occurs very often.

similarity. Looks like motley flywheel.

Grade. The mushroom is edible. Often affected by mold. Protein decomposition threatens with severe secondary poisoning.

powdered flywheel Boletus pulverulentus

fruit body. At the slightest pressure, the entire mushroom instantly turns inky. The hat is 6 to 12 cm in diameter, at first hemispherical, then arched, from gray-brown to red-brown, felted when dry, sticky-mucous when wet, often gray in places. The tubular layer is bright yellow, in older specimens it is more yellow-brown. Spore powder olive. The leg is fleshy, strong, yellow above, becoming rusty-brown towards the base. The flesh is yellow.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn in coniferous and (even more often) in deciduous forests.

similarity. Distinctive coloration.

Grade. The mushroom is edible, but does not differ in special taste qualities.

Dubovik speckled Boletus erythropus

fruit body. The hat is 6 to 20 cm in diameter, hemispherical when young, later convex or prostrate, brown, velvety when dry, slimy when wet. The skin does not separate. The tubular layer is greenish-yellow with red pores. The spore powder is olive green. The leg is thick, club-shaped, on a yellow background dotted with dense red flakes, in the lower part it is often yellowish, felted, but without a reticulate pattern over its entire height. The pulp is yellow, dense. All parts of the mushroom, when pressed or cut, turn into an intense blue color.

season and place. From early summer to autumn in forests, mostly on acidic soil.

similarity. Reminiscent of other types of oak trees (for example, ordinary oak tree), also poisonous in its raw form. The reddish leg and red pores of the tubes have a poisonous satanic mushroom, which beginners often mistake for a speckled oak. The inedible boletus also has a reddish leg, but the tubular layer is olive green.

Grade. The mushroom is edible and tastes great, but when raw, it is POISONOUS and can lead to various disorders. Prolonged heat treatment required. Nevertheless, in terms of taste, the speckled oak is not inferior to the white fungus and is practically never wormy. The bluish color disappears during cooking, and the flesh becomes appetizing yellow.

Dubovik KeleBoletus queletii

fruit body. The hat is 8 to 15 cm in diameter, leathery-brown, hemispherical, later prostrate, velvety when dry, sticky-mucous when wet. Tubular layer of olive color. The pores of tubules are orange, later olive-brown. Spore powder olive. The leg is strong, yellow or purplish-red without a reticulate pattern. The pulp is dense, turning blue on the cut; when pressed, the tubular layer also turns blue.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn in deciduous forests on lime-rich soil.

similarity. See the description of the mottled oak tree. Be careful: a similar satanic mushroom is poisonous!

Grade. Edible, but POISONOUS when raw. Requires prolonged heat treatment. Rare mushroom!

Dubovik common, Dubovik olive-brown Boletus luridus

fruit body. Hat up to 20 cm in diameter, yellow-brown or olive-brown, fleshy, hemispherical in youth, later cushion-shaped, velvety like suede when dry, slippery, sticky when wet. The tubular layer is olive green, the pores are not as red as in the species described above, but rather orange. The leg is thick, thickened below, yellowish, with a red-brown mesh. The pulp is dense, yellowish, purple at the base of the stem, a specific purple-red zone above the tubular layer. When pressed, the tubes and the leg turn blue. On the cut, the pulp also turns blue.

season and place. It grows in summer and early autumn in deciduous forests, in parks on clay and calcareous soil.

similarity. With the types of oak trees described above, as well as with a poisonous satanic mushroom. A characteristic feature is a purple-red zone above the tubular layer.

Grade. Edible under certain conditions! Raw is POISONOUS! In combination with alcohol, it can cause severe poisoning.

satanic mushroom Boletus satanas

fruit body. The hat is white-gray or olive-gray, fleshy, hemispherical in youth, later convex, cushion-shaped. The cuticle is matte and dry, not removed. The tubules are yellowish or olive-green, the pores of the tubules turn greenish-blue when pressed. Spore powder olive-brown. The leg is strong, short, yellow with a carmine zone in the center and a fine carmine mesh. The flesh is whitish, slightly bluish in the cut of the cap, and slightly reddening in the cut of the stem, with a fecal odor.

season and place. It occurs in summer and autumn in deciduous forests on lime-rich soil.

similarity. It resembles an ordinary oak tree and an inedible boletus. You should pay attention to the gray color of the cap, almost white flesh, very slightly blue, and a disgusting smell. The main thing is not to collect large boletus mushrooms with a gray cap!

Grade. The mushroom is POISONOUS!

Boletus inedible Boletus calopus

fruit body. Hat diameter from 5 to 20 cm, light or brown-gray, velvety, often cracked, hemispherical, uneven with age, cushion-shaped. The tubular layer in young specimens is yellow, in old specimens it is olive-green, turning blue when pressed. Spore powder olive. The leg is yellow above, red below, with a faintly distinguishable mesh. The flesh is whitish or yellow, on the cut (especially the legs) bluish, bitter.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn in forests, mainly on acidic soil. Rarely found on the plains.

similarity. It can be confused with an ordinary and satanic mushroom, in this fungus the pores of the tubes are not red, but olive-green.

Grade. Tasteless, raw POISONOUS!

Boletus brown-yellow Boletus appendiculatus

fruit body. The hat is from 5 to 20 cm in diameter, hemispherical in youth, later cushion-shaped, yellow-brown, light brown or chestnut-brown, dry felt-fluffy, fleshy, with a sharp edge. Tubular layer, leg and flesh of intense yellow color. Spore powder olive-brown. The leg is elongated, often has a growth resembling a root, darkens from the base upwards, and is distinguished by a thin mesh pattern (light or brownish). The pulp is dense, slightly blue, the smell is sour.

season and place. Grows in summer and autumn in deciduous forests. Occurs rarely.

similarity. There are many similar mushrooms, but they are rare.

Grade. The mushroom is edible and has a great taste. Rare mushroom.

White mushroom, boletusBoletus edulis

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 5 to 30 cm; in youth hemispherical, light brown, later arched, brown or red-brown, often uneven, even clumsy, slippery when raw. The cuticle does not separate. The tubular layer is first whitish, then yellowish, and finally olive-green, at the stem - with a notch, the pores of the tubes do not change color when pressed. Spore powder is dark olive. The leg is thick, clavate-swollen at the base, brownish, the upper third with a brownish reticulate pattern - lighter above than below. The flesh is white, brownish under the cuticle, elastic, does not change color on the cut.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn in coniferous and mixed forests.

similarity. It resembles other types of porcini mushrooms, and in addition - a chestnut mushroom, but in the latter, the tubular layer turns greenish-blue when pressed. White mushrooms (especially young ones) are most often confused with gall mushrooms. In gall fungus, the tubular layer initially has the same white color, but then turns pink, and the mesh pattern stands out against a darker background. In case of doubt, a taste test gives an accurate answer.

Grade. Considered the best of edible mushrooms. Great for drying too.

white fungus pine Boletus pinophilus (Boletus pinicola)

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 8 to 20 cm, at first a hemisphere with a whitish edge, later convex and even, from wine-red to brown-red. The tubular layer is initially white, then yellow, and finally olive green. The spore powder is olive green. The leg is swollen, brown-red (but lighter than the cap), with a red mesh pattern. The pulp is dense, white, does not darken on the cut, with a wine-red zone under the cuticle.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn, mainly in coniferous forests.

similarity.

Grade. The mushroom is edible. Very tasty.

White mushroom, mesh form Boletus reticulatus (Boletus aestivalis)

fruit body. The cap is from 8 to 16 cm in diameter, light brown, in young specimens with a white edge, felt, rough, the tubular layer is white, in old specimens it is yellow-green, the pores of the tubules are rounded. Spore powder olive-brown. The leg is covered with a mesh pattern. The flesh is white, brownish under the upper skin.

season and place. It occurs from early summer to autumn in deciduous forests.

similarity. With other white and inedible gall fungus.

Grade. Edible and excellent in taste; suitable for drying.

Gall mushroom, mustard Tylopilus felleus

fruit body. The hat is 5 to 15 cm in diameter, light brown to brown, at first hemispherical and velvety felt. The tubular layer is white in young specimens, dirty pink in old specimens, arched, notched at the stem. Spore powder pink. The leg is brownish, club-shaped, but not swollen, covered along the entire length with a dark mesh pattern. The flesh is white, firm and bitter.

season and place. It grows in summer and winter mainly in coniferous forests.

similarity. Young specimens are very similar to white mushrooms (also young). The exact definition is given only by a taste test. Sometimes gall fungus is confused with chestnut fungus.

Grade. Unpalatable due to bitterness. Even one mushroom can ruin a whole dish. But a strange thing: there are people who do not feel the bitterness of this mushroom at all!

Common boletus Leccinum scabrum

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 6 to 12 cm, color - from brown to white; hemispherical when young, then convex, smooth, sticky when wet. The tubular layer is white, gray with age, elongated, notched at the stem, easily separated from the pulp of the cap. The cuticle does not separate. Spore powder olive-brown. The stalk is long, thin, slightly widened below, whitish, covered with dark brown or brown-black scales. The pulp in young mushrooms is dense, in old ones it is spongy, in the stem it is lignified-rigid, white, it may turn slightly pink in the cut.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn everywhere under birch trees.

similarity. It looks like a yellow-brown boletus and a red boletus.

Grade. The mushroom is edible. Young specimens are very tasty, but in old ones the flesh is spongy and tasteless, the leg is too hard. When cooked, the flesh darkens.

Boletus yellow-brown Leccinum versipelle (Leccinum testaceoscabrum)

fruit body. Hat diameter from 5 to 20 cm, from yellow-orange to orange-red, at first hemisphere, slightly wider than the legs, and later curved, fleshy, slightly slippery when wet. The cuticle does not separate, protrudes slightly beyond the edge of the cap. The tubular layer is whitish-gray when young, later gray, easily separated. Spore powder is ocher-brown. The leg often goes deep into the soil, white, with blackish scales, often greenish at the base. The flesh on the cut turns wine-red.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn in forests, most often under aspens and birches.

similarity. It is very similar to red boletus, to some types of boletus, but all these mushrooms are edible.

Grade. The mushroom is edible.

Boletus red Leccinum rufum (Leccinum aumntiacum)

fruit body. The cap in youth is barely wider than the stem; then expands to a diameter of 5-12 cm, orange-brown. The cuticle (skin) on the cap is velvety, clearly protruding along the edge. The tubular layer is white when young, later gray-brownish, the pores of the tubules turn reddish when pressed. Spore powder is ocher-brown. The leg is white, with whitish, later reddish-brown scales. The flesh is whitish, dense, on the cut from gray-lilac to blackish.

season and place. Grows in summer and autumn under aspens.

similarity. It resembles yellow-brown boletus (although it has a different color of scales on the stem) and other boletus and boletus.

Grade. Edible and tasty mushroom. Aspen mushrooms are rarely wormy.

Pig thinPaxillus involutus

fruit body. When pressed or cut, all parts of this fungus are painted in a characteristic brown color. The hat is 5 to 12 cm in diameter, ocher-brown or brown, slightly convex when young, with a furry-felt wrapped edge, then flat, slightly depressed in the middle, unevenly wavy. The cuticle (skin) in dry form is felt. The plates are ocher-yellow, later brownish, descending along the stem, easily separated from the pulp of the caps. Spore powder is rusty-brown. The leg is thick, fleshy, brownish. The pulp is soft, yellowish, with a sour taste.

season and place. It grows from early summer to autumn in forests and even in gardens.

similarity. If you remember the plates descending along the leg, which are easily separated, and the obvious darkening when pressed, then you cannot confuse it with other mushrooms.

Grade. The mushroom is POISONOUS! But for centuries it was considered suitable for food, or rather, poisonous in its raw form and requiring prolonged heat treatment. Today it has been proven that even with all the precautions, frequent consumption of thin pigs can lead to serious illnesses and even death.

Pig fat Paxillus atrotomentosus

fruit body. The hat is from 8 to 20 cm in diameter, brown, velvety felt when young, later glabrous, often cracked, dry. The edge is softly wrapped inward. The plates are yellowish, descending along the stem and branching; when pressed, dark spots appear. Spore powder of clay-brown color. The leg is thick, short, fleshy, velvety fibrous, usually shifted to the edge. The flesh is yellowish, watery, bitter.

season and place. In summer and autumn, it grows in coniferous forests on rotten stumps.

similarity. You need to pay attention to the lateral leg and do not forget that these mushrooms grow near the stumps of coniferous trees.

Grade. The mushroom is tasteless.

Mokruha pinkgomphidius roseus

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 2 to 6 cm, pink-red, slimy, lint-free. In young specimens, the edge of the cap is connected to the leg with a cobweb cover. Spore powder gray-brown. The leg is whitish, girded with the rest of the bedspread, yellow-pink at the base, darkening when pressed.

season and place. In summer and autumn it occurs in pine forests on sandy soil.

similarity. It is easy to distinguish due to the color of the cap, the descending gray plates and the yellow-pink base of the stem.

Grade. The mushroom is edible.

Mokruha purple Chroogomphus rutilus

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 3 to 10 cm, orange-brown or copper-red, conical-round, sticky. In young specimens, the edge of the cap is connected to the leg with a cobweb cover. The plates are reddish-brown, descending along the stem. Spore powder is almost black. Leg from yellow-brown to copper-red, with remnants of a bedspread. The flesh is saffron-colored, wine-red when pressed.

season and place. Grows from mid-summer to autumn in pine forests, often on hills.

similarity. It looks like mokruha spotted (edible), but it grows under larches.

Grade. The mushroom is edible.

Mokruha spruceGomphidius glutinosus

fruit body. The hat is 4 to 12 cm in diameter, first gray, then brownish-gray, covered with a thick layer of mucus. The plates - at first whitish, later gray-black, soft, far apart and descending along the stalk - are also first covered with a mucous layer-veil, which then comes off along the edge of the cap and remains a ring on the stalk. Spore dust is almost black. The leg, under the ring, is stained with spores in dark color, the same mucous, white or brownish-gray, bright yellow at the base. The pulp is white or light gray, dense, soft, juicy, yellow at the base of the stem.

season and place. In summer and autumn, it grows in coniferous forests under spruce trees. It occurs mainly in the mountains, less often on the plains.

similarity. It is difficult to confuse with other mushrooms.

Grade. The mushroom is edible. Despite the thick mucous cover (should be removed before cooking), it has a wonderful taste.

Hygrophorus earlyHygrophorus marzuolus

fruit body. The hat is from 4 to 10 cm in diameter, white and convex when young, gray with age, even blackish, dry, prostrate, unevenly curved. The plates are fleshy, at first white, then gray, waxy, far apart, descending along the stem. Spore powder is white. The leg is fleshy, short and thick, white or gray. The flesh is white, gray under the cuticle, tender.

season and place. Occurs in spring after snowmelt in deciduous and coniferous forests at higher elevations. Often grows deep in the soil or burrows into a layer of leaves and needles.

similarity. It appears very early, so it is difficult to confuse it with other mushrooms.

Grade. Edible and tasty mushroom.

Brown hygrophorus, late hygrophorus Hygrophorus hypothejus

fruit body. Cap 1 to 6 cm in diameter, covered with olive-brown mucus, convex, with rolled edges, prostrate at maturity. The plates are whitish at first, then yellow, dense, sparse, descending along the stem. Spore dust is white. The leg is olive-yellow, thin, even, under the ring from the bedspread is mucous. The flesh is yellowish, with a pleasant taste.

season and place. It occurs in late autumn, after the first frost, in pine forests.

similarity. It resembles larch hygrophorus (edible), whose cap is evenly yellow and less slimy; moreover, it grows only near larches.

Grade. Edible mushroom. The mucous membrane must be removed.

Hygrophorus olive white Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus

fruit body. The hat is from 2 to 6 cm in diameter, light olive or olive-brown, darker in the center, covered with a layer of mucus, first convex or hemispherical, then flat. The plates are white, thick, sparse, slightly descending along the stem. Spore powder is white. The leg is white, fleshy, at first connected by a mucous cover with the edges of the cap. Above the veil is white, sometimes with visible droplets, below it is covered with olive-white scales arranged in rings. The pulp is white, tender.

season and place. Grows in late summer and autumn under fir trees, mainly in the mountains. Occurs frequently.

similarity. Reminds other hygrophores, but also edible.

Grade. Edible and tasty mushroom. The mucous membrane must be removed.

Hygrocybe conical, hygrocybe blackening Hygrocybe conica (Hygrocybe nigrescens)

fruit body. The hat is from 1 to 5 cm in diameter, cone-shaped, in old specimens it breaks along the edge, orange-red or yellow-red, darkening with age, sticky. The plates are yellow, waxy. Spore powder is white. Leg yellow or orange-yellow, whitish at the base, fibrous, hollow. The flesh inside is white, yellow on the edge, juicy, transparent, darkening when touched, tender.

season and place. In summer and autumn, in glades and forest edges.

similarity. The same family includes other orange-red mushrooms that also darken. When their flesh is tender, they are edible.

Grade. Turns black during heat treatment. Eating can interfere with digestion.

Row crowded Lyophyllum loricatum

fruit body. The hat is from 3 to 8 cm in diameter, convex or semi-prostrate, light or dark brown, slightly slippery, shiny when dried, with a dense skin that can be easily removed. The plates are white or yellowish, frequent. Spore powder is white. The legs are grayish-brown, fibrous, often growing from a common thickened stump. The pulp is thickened in the center of the cap, the taste is slightly spicy.

season and place. It grows in summer and autumn in deciduous or mixed forests, parks, gardens, even tree-lined streets and landfills. Often found in the same place as morels.

similarity. You can only confuse with similar (also edible) rows.

Grade. The mushroom is edible and often grows in very large colonies.

May mushroomCalocybe gambosa

fruit body. Hat with a diameter of 3 to 10 cm, dull, dry, at first a hemisphere with a wrapped edge, then prostrate, wavy-convex, often horseshoe-shaped. The plates are whitish, located very close to each other, adhering to the leg with a tooth. Spore powder is white. Leg whitish, strong, short. The pulp is white, with a floury smell.

season and place. It grows in May-June in floodplain forests, on edges and pastures.

similarity. May fungus is similar to poisonous entoloma, and even more like Patouillard fiber, which is very poisonous. You can distinguish fiber by reddening pulp, fibrous cap and brownish (in old age) plates; it doesn't have a floury smell.

Grade. Edible mushroom; when cooked, it retains a mealy taste.

Anise talker Clitocybe odora

fruit body. The hat is 3 to 8 cm in diameter, bluish-green in youth, tubercle or convex, with a curled edge, and later faded to yellow-gray, fleshy, unevenly convex, smooth. The plates are pale green. Spore powder whitish. The stem is the same color as the cap, or paler, fibrous-felt, club-shaped at the base. The flesh is greenish, with an intense smell of anise.

season and place. In late summer and autumn, it grows in deciduous and coniferous forests.

similarity. When young, it is easy to distinguish by color and smell. Old specimens are easily confused with poisonous white anise talker, which in a humid place acquires a faint ocher color.

Grade. The mushroom is edible. But the anise flavor persists even after heat treatment.

Gray talker, smoky talker Clitocybe nebularis (Lepista nebularis)

fruit body. The hat is 6 to 15 cm in diameter, gray, lighter at the edges, hemispherical and convex in youth, with a strongly wrapped edge, and later funnel-shaped, often with a whitish coating that is easy to remove. The plates are yellowish-gray, frequent, descending along the stem. Spore powder is white or pale yellow. The leg is fleshy, whitish or light gray, club-shaped. The pulp is whitish, dense, with a sweet smell.

season and place. It occurs in late summer and late autumn in mixed and coniferous forests.

similarity. Looks like poisonous entholoma.

Grade. This talker is edible and very common. But not all people tolerate it well: it sometimes causes allergies.

Talker bent Clitocybe geotropa

fruiting body. The hat is from 8 to 25 cm in diameter, pale reddish color or the color of baked milk, very small, flat when young, dry, smooth, dull, sometimes fissured, takes the form of a funnel. The plates are somewhat lighter than the cap, descending along the stem, frequent. Spore powder is white. The leg is long, of the same color as the cap, fluffy at the base, fibrous. The flesh is the same color with a cap, dry, thin.

season and place. It grows from late summer to late autumn in bushes, forests in rows or "witch circles".

similarity. May be confused with poisonous entoloma. Young specimens are easily recognizable by the shape of the cap and the length of the stem.

Grade. Young mushrooms are edible, old ones are too tough.

Lacquer lacquer, pink lacquer Laccaria laccata

fruit body. The cap is from 2 to 5 cm in diameter, pinkish-brown or red, even and hemispherical in youth, later lowered and, finally, unevenly procumbent or slightly depressed, with the smallest scales. The plates are thick, very rare, pink, later covered with a white coating, adherent to the stem or slightly descending. Spore powder is white. Leg of the same color with a hat, thin, fibrous-hard, white-felt below. The pulp is watery, thin, tender, odorless.

season and place. It grows in large quantities in deciduous and coniferous forests.

similarity. This species is very diverse in shape, size, and color. But it can still be always distinguished by dense, rare pink plates.

Grade. The mushroom is edible.

3 Read the sentences. What are these proposals? Spread them with adjectives. Write it down.
The sun is shining. Clouds are floating.

Class

Card #1

1 Write the initial form of pronouns.

Card #2

1 Read the words. Write the words by opening the brackets. Underline the words with double letters.

Gru (p) a, ma (s) a, ko (s) a, A (n) a, ly (s) tya, zhu (g) ​​yt, dro (g) and, ka (s) a.

2 Read the words. Check if they are properly separated for transfer. Write correctly separating for hyphenation.

Alley, grammar, program, Russia, Saturday, passenger.

3 Read the text. Write off. Find adjectives. Determine their gender. Disassemble the first sentence by the members of the sentence. Indicate which part of the sentence is the adjective. Answer the final question of the text

It's a frosty morning. Patterns appeared on the glass. Beams of sunlight played on the glass. Here is a wonderful flower. The snowy pattern is beautiful both in the brilliance of the morning sun and in the blue of the winter evening. Where did the patterns come from?

Card number 3

1Unstressed vowels at the root of a word.

T...yellow wasp...th clouds h..wing from...nce. P.. the year st ... it is bad ... naya. The whole day ... it's raining ... outside.. b. Sad ... naya krtina! M..little forest. In the summer ... it's happy here .. but they sang with ... l ... in ... and. Now in the forest t...sh...on. On the bank of the lake, a cable ... nickname is making noise. There is no more k..ditch for pasture. Soon the white fluff will cover the earth.

2 Pick up antonyms

Giant................................................. .............

oral................................................. ...................

happy................................................. ....................

warm................................................. ...................

horrible................................................. ....................

nasty .................................................................. .................

Card number 4

1 Write down the names of the parts of the word. What is superfluous?
Prefix, root, noun, ending.

2 Find words with a separating hard sign. Write, paste

S. edobny, over ... edibles, voluminous ... voluminous, b ... e.

4th grade

Card #1

1 Write down the number where you want to put a comma.

The fox lies with the children almost all day (1) warms (2) and washes them with her tongue.

2 Write down a word that has a soft consonant sound.

Passenger, friend, borscht.

3 Read the words. Make up sentences with these words and write them down. Highlight the main members of the sentence.

Shoals, distant, slender, stretched, into, countries, cranes.

Card #2

1 Read the sentences. Write down and put signs at the end. Determine what these sentences are according to the purpose of the utterance and intonation.

Fallen maple leaves

What a charm these fairy tales are

Mushrooms are beautiful original representatives of the kingdom of wildlife, differing from each other in color, shape of the cap and even taste. Their appearance is simple and ornate, original and caricatured. Probably, every mushroom picker at least once in his life admired the elegance and grace of these protein treats.

Have you ever come across an orange mushroom? If so, then you probably noticed its bright cheerful color and thought - is it edible? This article will be devoted to this organism. What is a mushroom Where does it grow? Can it be eaten? Moreover, a little lower we will analyze another, no less important question: "How to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible ones, so as not to get confused and not make a fatal mistake?"

Varieties

First of all, it should be mentioned that neither in biology nor in botany there is a separate family or species called "orange mushroom". When we meet representatives of this color in the forest, we are talking only about the diversity of individual color, and not about the collective name of a particular subspecies. Which ones have a bright, rich orange color? Let's briefly get acquainted with some specimens of mushroom families and find out the conditions for their growth.

Boletus and its description

The most common orange mushroom is the boletus. This family is considered completely edible and combines many subspecies. First of all, it is a red, yellow-brown and oak boletus. It is their hats that have a bright, rich orange color.

Boletus red(also called redhead, or krasyuk) has a very tasty fleshy pulp white color. The hat of this species can reach thirty centimeters in diameter, but often the dimensions vary from four to fifteen centimeters. The color of the cap of this large orange mushroom is most often dominated by red or reddish hues. It is worth mentioning here that the color depends on the growing conditions. For example, in forests dominated by aspen trees, the mushroom cap has dark red hues. If poplars are more common, then the hat becomes slightly grayish, but if the forests are mixed, then orange or yellow-red.

The gray scaly legs of the fungus, expanding towards the bottom, also have different lengths (from five to fifteen centimeters) and thickness (from one and a half to five centimeters). The red boletus is not capricious in relation to the trees with which it enters into a natural symbiosis. They can be oaks, birches, beeches, hornbeams and, of course, aspens and poplars. The mushroom growing season is from June to October. Most often it can be found under young trees, in damp aspen forests and even along roads. Delicious redhead in any preparation. However, many recommend removing its legs, as they are rather harsh in taste and difficult to digest in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Boletus yellow-brown- another variety of orange mushroom. Its hemispherical cap with a diameter of five to fifteen centimeters can sometimes reach 25 cm. It has a dry, rough skin that is orange or yellow-brown in color. The white dense pulp of the fungus begins to turn blue when cut. The leg of the yellow-brown boletus can be very thick (2-4 cm in diameter, sometimes up to seven centimeters). Its length is also varied and depends on the parameters of the entire specimen: from eight to fifteen centimeters and above. The yellow-brown boletus prefers to create mycorrhiza with birch. He likes to grow in mixed forests and pine forests. Ripening season: from June to September, sometimes until November.

Redhead oak(or obabok) - an orange mushroom that grows in the north of our country. It forms symbiotic associations with oaks, beginning to appear from mid-summer until late autumn. The hemispherical hat of an oak tree in diameter can vary between eight and fifteen centimeters. Usually its skin has a chestnut color with an orange tint. The flesh is white, has brownish-gray streaks, may turn black on the cut. The cylindrical leg of the fungus, 10-15 cm high and 2-3 cm thick, has small scales and can thicken at the base.

Such common mushrooms

Ryzhik is another type of orange mushroom. They are distinguished by a bright orange, even red color. They are highly valued for their taste, some subspecies are even considered delicacy. Mushrooms owe their color to a substance such as beta-carotene, which is converted into useful trace elements (group B vitamins, ascorbic acid, vitamin A).

Also, this family is rich in mineral salts of iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and even calcium. Moreover, these mushrooms contain a natural antibiotic - lactrioviolin, which is used for inflammatory diseases and is used in complex therapy in the treatment of tuberculosis. Let's talk about some types of these edible orange mushrooms.

real saffron

Sometimes it is also called a delicacy milker. It belongs to agaric mushrooms, completely colored orange. A smooth and shiny hat of this species in diameter can reach from 4 to 18 centimeters. Its surface, which has brown spots, is sticky and unpleasant to the touch in wet weather. Frequent and thin plates, orange, like the whole mushroom, can become slightly green when pressed.

The leg of a real camelina is low (up to seven centimeters) and thin (two centimeters in diameter), it can be covered with a soft light fluff. The dense pulp also has an orange color, turning green when broken. The milkweed is often found in pine or spruce forests, where it hides in dense grass or among moss. Growing season: July to October.

spruce ginger

With an orange hat from the Syroezhkov family. Its cylindrical leg (three to seven centimeters high and one centimeter thick) is rather brittle and hollow inside. Orange flesh, turning green when broken, has a fruity aroma and taste. The small orange hat of the plant has a diameter of four to eight centimeters. The plates, descending and frequent, are slightly lighter than the hat itself. The color of the mushroom itself can vary between pale pink and dark orange. They grow from summer to autumn in hiding in natural litter covered with needles.

red mushrooms

This is another variety of agaric mushrooms. orange color the hat, dense and fleshy to the touch, varies in diameter from five to fifteen centimeters. The pulp of the mushroom has a white color, on which dark red spots are randomly located. At a break, the pulp secretes a thick, bloody-scarlet juice. Frequent and thin plates, placed under the bottom of the cap, descend deeply along the stem of the camelina. The leg itself is small, about four to six centimeters high, tapering towards the bottom. It is covered with bloom and furrowed with red pits. The color of the legs is different: orange, pink and even purple. This type of fungus is not very common in Russia, most often it grows in coniferous forests of mountainous slopes.

Japanese mushrooms

These mushrooms are found in the valleys of the Primorsky Territory under tall fir trees. Hats of this species, six to eight centimeters in diameter, are decorated with all sorts of ocher colors, while the plates have brighter, more saturated colors of orange hues. The stem of the mushroom (five to eight centimeters high and one to two centimeters thick) is often hollow inside and brittle, and also has a bright orange color.

small varieties

bear ears(or scarlet sarcoscif) are small orange mushrooms that are common throughout the world, but rarely used in folk cooking. The pulp of these mushrooms is very elastic, but edible, especially tasty after frying in a heated pan. Hats of this species, up to five centimeters in diameter, usually have an orange-scarlet color. Mushrooms grow on felled tree trunks covered with a layer of soil or dry foliage. Appear in the cool season (early spring or even winter).

Another type of small mushrooms is aleuria orange, distinguished by its unusual appearance. The fruit body of the fungus is saucer-shaped, varied in shape and size. In height, these representatives of eukaryotes usually do not exceed five centimeters. This small, bright orange mushroom has a thin cartilaginous pulp, pleasant in taste and aroma, as well as a short, slightly pronounced leg. Aleuria orange grows in a variety of forest stands, can even be found in parks, on lawns and between stones. Grows in soil from summer to late autumn. You can use this mushroom in cooking after drying, for example, adding it to soups or roasts.

Its fruiting body is heterogeneous, up to seven centimeters thick and with a cap size from ten to forty centimeters. It can weigh up to nine kilograms. The pulp of the mushroom is soft and juicy, sour in taste, with an unusual lemon smell. However, if the tinder fungus ages, then its nutritional and aromatic qualities quickly deteriorate. Young mushrooms are used boiled and fried, for pickling and as a filling for pies. After drying, they become brittle, fibrous and very light, and can be stored frozen for a long time. If the mushroom is old or grows on conifers, then it cannot be eaten, as it can cause all kinds of allergic reactions and poisoning.

Chanterelles

Chanterelles are a whole family of mushrooms with an orange leg and the same cap. Not all of them are edible, as it might seem at first glance. Such names of mushrooms are considered tasty and nutritious: velvety chanterelle, faceted chanterelle and yellow blackberry.

Hat velvety chanterelle small, about four to five centimeters. The leg is also small, measuring two to three centimeters. Orange flesh is tender and slightly sour in taste. The fungus settles in acidic soil, mainly among deciduous plantations.

Chanterelle faceted- a very beautiful representative of wildlife, with a fibrous fruiting body ranging in size from three to ten centimeters. Forms mycorrhiza with oak, grows from June to October. Poisonous chanterelles include such species as the false chanterelle and the olive omphalot, which is quite rare, mainly in the Crimea.

Poisonous

false fox- an inedible orange mushroom similar to chanterelles. Its other name is the orange talker. The govorushka differs from its edible counterparts in the red-orange shade of the cap and almost even edges, as well as an unpleasant odor. The cap of the mushroom varies between two and six centimeters in diameter, and the stem, usually very short, rarely reaches four centimeters. And yet, the false chanterelle is considered a conditionally inedible product, as it is successfully used in cooking in other countries after a long and thorough heat treatment.

Cobweb orange-red- another view poisonous mushrooms considered deadly. The hemispherical cap of the cobweb in the very center has a small tubercle, and the leg, small in height, tapers towards the base.

So, we briefly reviewed the description of different mushrooms with orange colors. Now let's briefly discuss how to distinguish an edible mushroom from an inedible one.

Mushroomers take note

• First of all, mushrooms that cannot be eaten are distinguished by the fact that when cut, their flesh turns into an unnatural color and emits an unpleasant odor (offensive or medicinal). Sometimes the caps of these varieties have a sticky coating.
• Also take a closer look at the appearance of the mushroom: if it does not have insects or worms inside or outside, then it is most likely a poisonous mushroom. Moreover, the absence of a tubular layer placed under the hat also indicates the inedibility of many species.
• And the most important rule: do not taste the mushrooms! If in doubt, don't cut. Go mushroom hunting only with knowledgeable people. Do not collect everything in a row, hoping to sort at home.

What is the most important thing for a mushroom picker who goes to the forest for a "quiet hunt"? No, not a basket at all (although it will also be needed), but knowledge, especially regarding which mushrooms are poisonous and which can be safely put in a basket. Without them, a trip for a forest delicacy can smoothly turn into an urgent trip to the hospital. In some cases, it will turn into the last walk in life. To avoid disastrous consequences, we bring to your attention a brief information about dangerous mushrooms, which should never be cut off. Take a closer look at the photos and remember forever how they look. So let's start.

Among poisonous mushrooms, the first place in terms of toxicity and the frequency of fatal poisoning is death cap. Its poison is resistant to heat treatment, moreover, it has belated symptoms. After tasting mushrooms, the first day you can feel like a completely healthy person, but this effect is deceptive. While precious time is running out to save lives, toxins are already doing their dirty work, destroying the liver and kidneys. From the second day, the symptoms of poisoning are manifested by headache and muscle pain, vomiting, but time has passed. In most cases, death occurs.

Even just for a moment touching the edible mushrooms in the basket, the poison of the toadstool is instantly absorbed into their hats and legs and turns the harmless gifts of nature into a deadly weapon.

The toadstool grows in deciduous forests and in appearance (at a young age) slightly resembles champignons or greenfinches, depending on the color of the cap. The cap can be flat with a slight bulge or egg-shaped, with smooth edges and ingrown fibers. The color varies from white to greenish-olive, the plates under the hat are also white. The elongated stem at the base expands and is "shackled" in the remains of a film-bag, which hid a young mushroom under it, and has a white ring on top.

In a toadstool, when broken, the white flesh does not darken and retains its color.

Such different fly agarics

Even children know about the dangerous properties of fly agaric. In all fairy tales, it is described as a deadly ingredient for making a poisonous potion. Everything is so simple: the red-headed mushroom with white spots, as everyone saw it in the illustrations in books, is not at all a single specimen. In addition to it, there are other varieties of fly agaric that differ from each other. Some of them are very edible. For example, Caesar mushroom, egg-shaped and blushing fly agaric. Of course, most species are still inedible. And some are life-threatening and it is strictly forbidden to include them in the diet.

The name "fly agaric" is made up of two words: "flies" and "pestilence", that is, death. And without explanation, it is clear that the mushroom kills flies, namely its juice, which is released from the hat after sprinkling it with sugar.

Deadly poisonous species of fly agaric, which pose the greatest danger to humans, include:

Small but deadly ragged mushroom

The poisonous mushroom got its name for its peculiar structure: often its cap, the surface of which is covered with silky fibers, is also decorated with longitudinal cracks, and the edges are torn. In the literature, the fungus is better known as fiber and has a modest size. The height of the stem is slightly more than 1 cm, and the diameter of the hat with a protruding tubercle in the center is a maximum of 8 cm, but this does not prevent it from remaining one of the most dangerous.

The concentration of muscarine in the pulp of the fiber exceeds the red fly agaric, while the effect is noticeable after half an hour, and during the day all the symptoms of poisoning with this toxin disappear.

Beautiful, but "shitty mushroom"

This is exactly the case when the title corresponds to the content. It was not for nothing that the people dubbed the mushroom a false valui or a horseradish mushroom with such an indecent word - not only is it poisonous, but also the flesh is bitter, and the smell is simply disgusting and not at all mushroomy. But on the other hand, it is precisely thanks to its “aroma” that it will no longer be possible to ingratiate a mushroom picker under the guise of a russula, to which the valui is very similar.

The scientific name of the fungus sounds like "glutinous hebeloma."

False valui grows everywhere, but most often it can be seen at the end of summer on the bright edges of coniferous and deciduous forests, under oak, birch or aspen. The cap of a young mushroom is creamy white, convex, with the edges tucked down. With age, its center bends inward and darkens to a yellow-brown color, while the edges remain light. The skin on the hat is beautiful and smooth, but sticky. The bottom of the cap consists of adherent plates of gray-white color in young valued, and dirty yellow in old specimens. The dense bitter pulp also has a corresponding color. The leg of the false valuation is quite high, about 9 cm. It is wide at the base, then narrows upwards, covered with a white coating similar to flour.

A characteristic feature of the "horseradish fungus" is the presence of black blotches on the plates.

Poisonous double of summer mushrooms: sulfur-yellow honey agarics

Everyone knows that they grow on stumps in friendly flocks, but there is such a “relative” among them, which outwardly practically does not differ from delicious mushrooms, but causes severe poisoning. This is a false sulphur-yellow honey agaric. Poisonous twins live in groups on the remains of tree species almost everywhere, both in forests and in clearings between fields.

Mushrooms have small caps (maximum 7 cm in diameter) of a gray-yellow color, with a darker, reddish center. The flesh is light, bitter and smells bad. The plates under the cap are firmly attached to the stem; they are dark in the old mushroom. The light leg is long, up to 10 cm, and even, consists of fibers.

You can distinguish between “good” and “bad” honey mushrooms by the following features:

• the edible mushroom has scales on the cap and stem, the false honey agaric does not have them;
• The “good” mushroom is dressed in a skirt on a leg, the “bad” one is not.

A satanic mushroom disguised as a boletus

The massive leg and dense flesh of the satanic mushroom make it look like, but eating such a handsome man is fraught with severe poisoning. Satanic pain, as this species is also called, tastes pretty good: neither you smell nor the bitterness characteristic of poisonous mushrooms.

Some scientists even classify the bolete as a conditionally edible mushroom if it is subjected to prolonged soaking and prolonged heat treatment. But no one can say exactly how many toxins boiled mushrooms of this species contain, so it’s better not to risk your health.

Outwardly, the satanic mushroom is quite beautiful: a dirty white hat is fleshy, with a spongy yellow bottom, which turns red over time. The shape of the leg is similar to a real edible mushroom, the same massive, in the form of a barrel. Under the cap, the stem becomes thinner and turns yellow, the rest is orange-red. The flesh is very dense, white, pinkish only at the very base of the stem. Young mushrooms smell pleasant, but old specimens emit a disgusting smell of spoiled vegetables.

You can distinguish satanic pain from edible mushrooms by cutting the pulp: upon contact with air, it first acquires a red tint, and then turns blue.

Disputes about the edibility of pigs were stopped in the early 90s, when all types of these mushrooms were officially recognized as dangerous to human life and health. Some mushroom pickers to this day continue to collect them for food, but in no case should this be done, since pig toxins can accumulate in the body and symptoms of poisoning do not appear immediately.

Outwardly, poisonous mushrooms look like milk mushrooms: they are small, with squat legs and a fleshy round cap of a dirty yellow or gray-brown color. The center of the hat is deeply concave inward, the edges are wavy. The fruiting body is yellowish in section, but quickly darkens from the air. Pigs grow in groups in forests and plantings, they especially love wind-blown trees, located among their rhizomes.

There are more than 30 varieties of pig's ear, as mushrooms are also called. All of them contain lectins and can cause poisoning, but the thin pig is recognized as the most dangerous. The cap of a young poisonous mushroom is smooth, dirty olive, becoming rusty over time. The short leg has the shape of a cylinder. When the mushroom body is broken, a clear smell of rotting wood is heard.

No less dangerous are such pigs:

poisonous umbrellas

Along the roads and roadsides, slender mushrooms grow in abundance on tall, thin stems with flat, wide-open hats resembling an umbrella. They are called umbrellas. The hat, in fact, as the mushroom grows, opens and becomes wider. Most varieties of umbrella mushrooms are edible and very tasty, but there are also poisonous specimens among them.

The most dangerous and common poisonous mushrooms are such umbrellas:

Poison rows

Row mushrooms have many varieties. There are among them both edible and very tasty mushrooms, as well as frankly tasteless and inedible species. And there are also very dangerous poisonous rows. Some of them resemble their "harmless" relatives, which easily mislead inexperienced mushroom pickers. Before heading into the forest, you should look for a person as your partner. He must know all the intricacies of the mushroom business and be able to distinguish “bad” rows from “good” rows.

The second name of rows is talkers.

Among the poisonous talkers, one of the most dangerous, capable of causing death, are the following rows:

Gall mushroom: inedible or poisonous?

Most scientists classify the gall fungus as inedible, since even forest insects do not dare to taste its bitter flesh. However, another group of researchers is convinced of the toxicity of this fungus. In the case of eating dense pulp, death does not occur. But the toxins contained in it in large quantities cause tremendous harm to internal organs, in particular the liver.

In the people for a peculiar taste, the mushroom is called mustard.

The dimensions of the poisonous mushroom are not small: the diameter of the brown-orange cap reaches 10 cm, and the creamy-red leg is very thick, with a darker grid pattern in the upper part.

The gall fungus is similar to white, but, unlike the latter, it always turns pink when broken.

Fragile Impatiens Galerina marsh

In the swampy areas of the forest, in the thickets of moss, you can find small mushrooms on a long thin stem - the marsh galerina. A fragile light yellow leg with a white ring at the top is easy to knock down even with a thin twig. Moreover, the mushroom is poisonous and it is still impossible to eat it. The dark yellow hat of the gallery is also fragile and watery. At a young age, it looks like a bell, but then straightens, leaving only a sharp bulge in the center.

This is far from complete list poisonous mushrooms, in addition, there are still a lot false species, which are easy to confuse with edible ones. If you are not sure which mushroom is under your feet - please pass by. It is better to make an extra circle through the forest or return home with an empty purse than to suffer from severe poisoning later. Be careful, take care of your health and the health of your loved ones!

Video about the most dangerous mushrooms for humans

Among lovers silent hunting Mushroom pickers are perhaps the most persistent: go ahead and try to wind a few kilometers, looking under every bush and digging grass thickets in search of edible mushrooms, but you still have to bring your “prey” home. However, one patience and strength in this matter is not enough. It is much more important to be able to understand forest gifts, because health, and sometimes the very life of the mushroom picker and his family members, directly depends on this. Even seemingly harmless mushrooms can turn out to be poisonous counterparts.

We bring to your attention a brief selection of the most famous types of edible mushrooms with names and photos. We hope it will help you make the right choice.

Always collect only those mushrooms that you are absolutely sure of. At the slightest doubt about their edibility or appearance, it is better to bypass such an instance.

Mushroom king - white mushroom

- one of the most delicious, valued for its dense and sweet pulp. It is noteworthy that it does not lose its white color when cut (in its inedible counterparts, the flesh turns blue or turns pink). The bottom of the cap is tubular, also white and does not darken after drying, the only thing is that in old mushrooms it acquires a yellow tint. The leg is very fleshy and plump, most often short.

Dried porcini mushrooms, photos of which are presented below, have a high calorie content - 281 kcal versus 40 for freshly picked specimens. Only dried boletus is more nutritious than them (290 kcal versus 36).

The mushroom king grows mainly in families, in pine forests, for this reason it is also called boletus. Collection time is from early summer to mid-autumn. Depending on which tree species the family “settled” under, there are up to 20 varieties of boletus mushroom. Most often you can find:

A worthy replacement for beef - mushrooms

Mushrooms mushrooms in their taste are next to mushrooms. You can cook them in any way, but one of the best delicacies is pickled or salted mushrooms.

The most high-calorie ones are salted mushrooms, which surpass even eggs and beef in this matter.

The two most common types of mushrooms are:

It is distinguished by a thinner hat, in the color of which there may be blue or green tint, and red milky juice. The stem is slightly longer than that of the pine counterpart.

Harvest chanterelles

Chanterelle mushrooms are permanent inhabitants of mixed forests, although coniferous plantations are also loved. They grow in large families until the very end of autumn, especially in rainy summers. The diameter of the funnel-shaped cap is small, up to 10 cm, but it is very fleshy, painted in a beautiful yellow color, the edges are wavy, wrapped down. The pulp is slightly lighter, dry and elastic, tastes sharp and smells like dried fruits, does not turn black when broken. The cap at the bottom smoothly tapers, and its thick plates pass into an elongated stem. It is smooth, the same color as the hat.

Inedible twins of chanterelles are more saturated in color: they can be bright orange or reddish. In addition, they do not have a corrugation along the edge of the cap.

Fragile russula

Russula mushrooms grow in moist pine forests and swampy areas from mid-summer to early autumn. They have a very beautiful hat with a depressed center and a slightly serrated edge. It is smooth, dirty red or greenish-brown, the central depression is darker, brownish. It can be cast with a glossy sheen or a calm matte shade. The leg is straight, white. The plates under the hat are white or yellowish, very fragile and easily broken. The sweet pulp itself has the same structure; when broken, it darkens.

The poisonous counterparts of russula have rich-colored hats: from bright red to purple, moreover, they are more round.

The fungus has several varieties that can be different color. The most delicious of them are considered to be such russula:

Spicy waves

Volnushki mushrooms, photos of which can be seen below, grow in deciduous forests dominated by birch groves. They have very beautiful hats, at a young age they are rounded-convex, and over time - with a deep center. The edges of the cap are turned down, and along its entire surface there are long hairs of a darker shade, decorating the wave with a fancy pattern. The leg is rather thick, but in moderation, the same color as the hat. The pulp of the mushroom smells good, loose, but has one drawback, due to which some scientists do not recognize the edible wave: it is saturated with milky juice, bitter and caustic in taste.

Despite the bitterness, the mushroom is absolutely not dangerous. For eating, experienced mushroom pickers are advised to collect only young specimens and soak them in cold water: after this procedure and cooking, the bitterness disappears.

Two types of volushki grow in the forests, both are edible mushrooms, and are somewhat different from each other:

The first spring mushrooms - morels

Among the early gifts of nature, morels are among the first to appear - outwardly not beautiful, but very tasty mushrooms with an original structure. On a long light stem, empty inside, a hat of a darker color of fabulous shape is firmly put on: it is all dotted with deep cells, as if eaten away by unknown insects.

Three types of morel mushrooms are eaten, photos of which can be seen in the description, namely:

Powerful boletus

The boletus mushroom, also known as boletus, grows singly or in small families in moist deciduous forests, in shady thickets (where it is damp). As the name implies, from trees, he prefers secluded places under aspens, but there are other types of fungus that are in close symbiosis with spruces, oaks or birches.

Mushroom pickers call this beautiful large mushroom "redhead" because of its bright large hat, painted in different shades of red. While the mushrooms are small, their caps, like hemispheres, are closely worn on the legs. Over time, they arch up, the light sponge under the hat thickens and acquires a gray-yellow-brown hue. Dense pulp after the cut becomes cyanotic. The leg of the boletus is no less powerful and high, and noticeably thickens at the top. The entire surface is covered with black small scales.

The most common types of boletus are:

The false boletus has a sponge of bright (pink or red) color, the leg is decorated with a fine yellow-red mesh, and when broken, the flesh turns pink.

Mushroom bracelets on honey mushroom stumps

As you can see in the photo, they grow in large families on the remains of tree species, encircling them with a beautiful ring. They have a thin graceful leg, the height of which can reach 15 cm, yellowish or brown. Some mushrooms, as mushrooms are also called, have a skirt on the leg.

In young mushrooms, the cap is rounded, with small scales, but then it straightens and takes on the shape of an umbrella, and the surface becomes smooth. The color is mostly cream or yellow-red.

Fast growing boletus

In birch groves, grandmothers or boletus mushrooms grow between the roots of trees. It is hard to pass by large hats without noticing them: fleshy, convex hemispheres have a blunt edge and a light brown color. The bottom of the cap is in the form of a thick sponge, gray-white, brownish spots appear in old mushrooms. The leg is quite long, all covered with dark scales. Mushrooms grow literally by leaps and bounds, and gain 4 cm per day, creating entire glades, although they can live in splendid isolation.

At false boletus the hat is gray or pink above and below.

There are many varieties of boletus, the most common of them are:

Pickling mushrooms milk mushrooms

Milk mushrooms are one of those mushrooms that grow in large groups. Having found one family of these beauties, you can pick up a whole basket forest gifts. Appearance mushrooms can differ significantly, since there are many varieties of mushrooms, but all of them are characterized by a funnel-shaped depression in the center of a large hat, while at a young age it is not. Mushrooms are used mainly for salting, since they milky juice bitter.

Mushrooms are considered one of the most delicious mushrooms, photos of which you can see:

Slimy Butterfly Mushroom

If there are mushrooms that are difficult to confuse with others, then these are boletus - inhabitants of pine forests. Their hat is covered with a rather unpleasant to the touch and very slippery skin, which does not prevent mushrooms from being one of the most delicious forest delicacies. The shape of the hat is in the form of a hemisphere, similar to a pillow. The slimy skin is easily removed and is most often colored brown, but may be yellowish, and even spotty. The bottom of the cap is spongy, light, darkens with age. The leg is elongated, corresponds to the color of the top of the mushroom.

The pulp of young mushrooms is dense, but quickly ages and becomes loose after a week, thanks to which butterfish serve as a favorite habitat and dish for worms.

Butter mushroom mushroom has more than 50 species, some of the most delicious are:

Unusual, but edible and tasty blueleg mushroom

In the forest belts, in the fallen leaves of conifers and ash trees, as well as on old abandoned farms, where the ground is saturated with rotted manure, numerous families of blueleg mushrooms grow after rains.

In the scientific literature, the mushroom is called the lilac-footed row.

A characteristic feature of the blueleg is a purple color. It is deepest on the stem, but in young mushrooms, both the cap itself and the plates also cast a mysterious bluish light. With age, the fleshy semicircular hat turns yellow, turning the edges inward. With a sufficient level of humidity, it is shiny, in a dry autumn it dries up, and the color becomes faded. The pulp is dense, when cut it also turns blue, it smells of anise. The leg is thick, slightly widening towards the bottom.

Already from the name of the tinder fungus, it is clear that something is wrong with it, but nature does more harm than man. Spores carried by the wind begin to germinate in the bark of trees and actively multiply, causing their decay and further death. On the other hand, the tinder fungus can be called the orderly of the forest: it clears it of old plantations, making room for new crops, and the decayed tree becomes fertilizer for them.

The shape of the tinder fungus is not typical for the fungus: it looks more like a large single or layered growth on a tree.

There are many types of tinder fungus, all of which are relatively edible mushrooms (not poisonous). However, most have poor taste and firm structure, but they have medicinal properties. Mushrooms are mainly used for the preparation of various tinctures and ointments. However, some varieties are still quite tasty if cut at a young age.

Most often, sauces and soups are prepared from such tinder fungi: