water molecule

If we consider water molecule having the chemical formula, it is represented by -1H216O and consists of a pair of hydrogen atoms (1H) and one oxygen atom (16O). Scientists have found that all the diversity of the properties of water presented in nature and their unusual manifestation determines, by and large, the physical nature of the atoms involved in the composition of water, as well as their ability to combine into a molecule and group the formation of these molecules.

If we consider each water molecule separately, then the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen contained in it - their nuclei, are arranged according to the principle forming an isosceles triangle, at the top of which there is a sufficiently voluminous oxygen nucleus, and in the corners that are adjacent to the base, concentrated one at a time - hydrogen nuclei . Niels Bohr once proposed a model of the water molecule, which everyone probably knows.

Distilled water. Victor Smirnov

Structured water - what is it?

Speaking of structured water, a term that is most often found in articles devoted to esoteric and alternative medicine issues, it is used to denote a certain water that has a changed structure, relative to a certain balance in the environment.

Quite often, structured water is positioned as a powerful "super-medicine" that can cure any kind of disease, which is usually recognized as incurable diseases in the academic terms of modern medicine.

It has long been proven by science that there is an effect of ordering molecules in water during the adsorption of water molecules on the surface, which has a certain alternation in negatively and positively charged groups of atoms. In addition, when dissolving certain types of polymers, protein macromolecules are used, which are used to describe certain properties, in cellular fluids.

Such ordering does not tend to be observed in the full volume of the liquid, and it is not stable in the temporal regime. The presented structure will collapse within a short time on its own, taking into account the influence of thermal effects from the movement of a water molecule, and will be able to completely collapse if a disturbance is introduced into the aqueous structured medium (mixing). It should be taken into account that the complete ordering of water, in the form of a stable structure (long-range order), will only be its freezing. This structure is always completely destroyed if the water is thawed.

In addition, there is evidence that the thawing of previously frozen water into a liquid state is able to preserve small groups of molecules that have a “short range order”, reminiscent of the order that is characteristic of ice molecules. These data are confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Although, when water is heated to +30 ° C, it can become completely X-ray amorphous.

Film - WATER. The great secret of water

Is a miracle, structured water

Of course, tap water, which has a distinct taste of chlorine, is poorly purified, contains impurities and a large number of harmful microbes, is unlikely to be drunk today and used in cooking. After all, it contains particles: rust, sand, the smallest metal grains, clay, litter, pesticides, salts of heavy metals, acid compounds and petroleum products. All this is detrimental to human health and is far from complete list constituent "ingredients" of tap "broths". So is it any wonder that people are increasingly suffering from all sorts of diseases that are associated with obvious metabolic disorders, pathologies in internal organs, the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, as well as common oncological diseases.

And even if you decide to purchase a water filter, none of the presented popular filter models will be able to restore the original natural structure of water, and it is on it that the life and health of the entire animal and plant world will depend on it.

Structured water is used in order to be able to preserve the necessary and vital for life - the stock of bioenergy. This water is used with a molecular structure that is similar in structure to ice - it represents the composition of melted drinking purified water. It is this water that has been used since ancient times in folk medicine, using it as a universal remedy in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Many scholars also recommend placing such melt water on the certain time in the zones of action of magnetic fields - this will subsequently help to effectively cleanse the body of harmful toxins and toxins.

Brainstorm. Water living and dead

Many are probably interested in the question - is it possible to prepare this miraculous water at home. Certainly in natural form- no, given that this will require special equipment, which is available only from companies offering consumers the use of their structured bottled water. But, nevertheless, it will not be superfluous to use water for domestic needs, which has a composition close to structured water.

And if you decide to prepare this type of water, you can use ordinary water for this, which you will need to pour into plastic bottle- after filling it with 2/3 of the volume, and for an hour and a half, put it in the freezer. And after a certain time, half of this water from the bottle will freeze, and the remaining half will not. This frozen liquid is considered water, which is useful as high-quality structured water. By using it inside, you can also use it when washing, carrying out cosmetic procedures and doing cooking. It is also worth using such water when washing wounds. Considering at the same time that it is necessary to collect such water for freezing not from a water tap, but using natural sources - wells, keys, springs, an ice hole.

This clean water can be recommended to collect in wooden or crystal containers, putting pre-cleaned natural types of stones on their bottom (silver jewelry can be used). The silver placed inside will give the water its original structure, returning it to its natural state. And lead glass, which is crystal, has the properties of "rejecting" extraneous radiation that destroys the natural structure in water.

It should also be taken into account that such “living” water does not have the chemical medical properties that are attributed to it as a miraculous drug. And if you have serious illnesses, then you should first of all consult a doctor. But drinking such structured water every day, it will undoubtedly have a positive effect on the very well-being and manifest itself in a miraculous way. After all, such water tends to show its activity, leading to the natural healing of the human body, which can effectively support it. immune system without causing harm, which can be caused by the medications taken.

In addition, you can always feel the additional effects of this miraculous water. And with its long-term use, structured water is able to improve the human body, which, during the course of life, was able to “receive” a large amount of toxic accumulations and slags that were not excreted by the body on its own. The body will be able to self-purify itself to the level laid down in it by nature itself, bringing it to a healthy physiological state, which is required for every person to fully enjoy a healthy life.

How to filter water

Water made up of clusters

Of course, in nature, everything tends to a stable and definite state. And, according to scientists, water does not consist of generally accepted individual molecules, but of their larger compounds, which can include up to nine hundred molecules. Such mega connections are called clusters.

Although, quite recently, many believed that clusters do not have stability and constantly arrive at the stage of destruction and newly formed compounds. And this is indeed a proven fact, although this applies only to a certain part of the water, which has a chaotic organization. But, there is another part in water, which has a certain structure - close to the analogy of a crystal - structured water.

If we consider the formation of clusters in water, then it is worth noting that the existing polarity in water molecules and the presence of electrical, partially uncompensated charges can give rise to a tendency to group molecules into larger compounds - associates.

It became known that full compliance with the formula H 2 O applies only to water, which is in a state of steam. This could be shown by the results of the determination of the molecular weight, which were carried out on water vapor. After all, the temperature interval 0 - + 100 ° C has a concentration of individual molecules (monomeric) in liquid water, they do not exceed one percent. And all other molecules in water are able to combine into associates of varying degrees of complexity, and their composition is represented by a general formula expressed through (H2O)x

The immediate causes in the formation of associates are the existing hydrogen bonds that can occur between hydrogen nuclei in molecules and electronic "formations" of oxygen nuclei characteristic of water molecules. Of course, such bonds are several tens of times weaker than "standard" intramolecular bonds. chemical bonds, and the normal movements that take place in the molecule to be able to destroy them. But, due to the influence of thermal fluctuations, their new connections can quite easily arise, leading to this type. Arising and decaying associates are determined by the scheme:

x H2O↔ (H2O)x

Researchers tend to constantly reveal the more subtle and complex interaction of these mechanisms, which have an "internal organization" in water mass. And the ice-like structure, liquid water and monomeric molecules were supplemented by a third element of the structure - non-tetrahedral. At the same time, a certain part of water molecules is characterized not by a three-dimensional framework, but by linear ring associations. Such rings, combined into groups, are capable of forming an even more complex complex of associates.

And if we talk about the uniqueness of water, then it is able, due to the existing structure, to effectively receive and transmit certain information that surrounds it. Indeed, in nature there are forty-eight varieties of water. At the same time, none of the types of water can be completely different from the others - after all, each type has its own inherent energy, on which the form taken by the liquid crystal of water and its properties always depend.

Valeria Tyuleneva. Why does a person need water. The power of water. How to interact with water. Communication with Spirits

On the perpetual motion of water

It is necessary to know that in water crystals, as it turned out, there are constantly occurring movements. Thin tubes in which water could not freeze have the same circulation as a living animal organism or plant stems. Here, the same laws are observed that apply when the circulation of blood and juices in plants is carried out. Although this property always disappears at the moment when the very structure of water is disturbed. And the longer the life of the selected crystal, the more useful it will be for the body, because this determines the degree of its relationship with the standard of living.

Structurally, cell protoplasm and ice are organized identically. The structure of ice can be perfectly matched with the structure of a biomolecule. A living molecule can be inscribed in an ice lattice when it is frozen (taking into account even the absolute zero of -273 ° C) without violating their vital functions during thawing. In living organisms, the molecules are ideally structured into an ice lattice, which is a copy of the case. This suggests that the movement of water, which occurs constantly, has not only its own laws, but also a certain structure of movement.

Instruction

Water is not only the source of existence for most living organisms, it has long been one of those substances that are indispensable for economic processes. Rarely what technical system does without the participation of this universal fluid. Water is one of those substances that on the planet in natural state is in all three states of aggregation: liquid, gaseous and solid.

Experts know that the main feature of water is the uniqueness of its properties. Almost all of these characteristics are anomalous from the point of view of science. Water easily changes its states, for example, passing from a liquid phase to a solid or gaseous one. This liquid is sensitive to a magnetic field and is capable of conducting electricity.

One of the main properties of water is that it increases its volume by about 9%. If this process takes place in a closed space, colossal efforts develop, which are successfully used in technical devices, for example, in ice jacks or apparatus for cold welding. This property allows you to develop significant pressure in a small space.

The most common liquid on the planet also has a high thermal conductivity, becoming a kind of thermal energy accumulator. There are original heating systems that use this property. In summer, the water in such installations is heated by interaction with the exhaust gases of diesel engines, after which the liquid is pumped into an underground storage. AT winter time the remaining warm water is fed into the heating system of the houses.

Water absorbs gases very well. At the same time, up to several tens and even hundreds of volumes of various gases can dissolve in one conventional unit. If gas is present in the water, cavitation may occur. In places where liquid moves at high speed in a narrow space, water boils up, in which gas bubbles form.

It is difficult to find a solvent better than water. In the waters of the planet, almost all the elements of the periodic table are in a dissolved state. This quality is explained by the high dielectric constant of this liquid. Absolutely pure water is extremely difficult to obtain, it will almost always contain impurities of other substances.

Water has a truly magical property. It has been established that under magnetic field water can change its characteristics. This accelerates the speed chemical reactions, salts dissolve faster, and from supersaturated aqueous solutions crystals fall out more intensively. Engineers know that in order to increase the intensity of the technological process in which water is involved, a magnetic field must be introduced into the system.

• transparent;
• has no smell;
• has no color - colorless;
• has no taste;
• water is a good solvent;
• has no form - fluid.

The water is clear

What does it mean? If you and I lower, for example, a pebble into a glass of water, then it will be visible. If, for example, we place any other object in a glass of water, then it will also be visible. It only means that the water itself is transparent.

Has no smell

If you are asked what the water smells like? None of you will be able to answer, as it has no smell. The smell will appear only if any substance that has a smell is added to the water. Then the water will smell the same as that substance.

Has no color - colorless

What color is the water? The answer to this question may not be unambiguous, since the color of the water depends on where this water is poured. The water itself has no color. If it seems to you that the sea is blue, blue or greenish, draw a little water from there. And you will see the opposite.

Has no taste

What does the water taste like? When we prepare food, we add salt or sugar to the water, thereby giving taste to the water. Try adding sugar to the water. What will the water taste like? It will become sweet because sugar is sweet. The water itself is tasteless.

Water is a good solvent

If we add salt, sugar to water and stir, then they dissolve in water. This means that water is a solvent. What happens if we add chalk to the water? Chalk will also dissolve in water, but not completely. A cloudy precipitate will appear at the bottom of the glass.

Has no form - fluid.

Liquid water has no form. It is impossible to make any figure from it. Try pouring water on the table. What will happen? Water will not take on any shape, it will simply spread over the table as it pleases. If you pour the same amount of water on the table a second time, then it’s not a fact that you get the same puddle shape. It only tells us that water is fluid.

We are surrounded by water, by itself, as part of other substances and bodies. It can be solid, liquid or gaseous, but water is always around us. Why asphalt cracks on the roads, why a glass jar of water bursts in the cold, why windows fog up in the cold season, why an airplane leaves a white trail in the sky - we will look for answers to all these and other “why” in this lesson. We will learn how the properties of water change when heated, cooled and frozen, how underground caves and bizarre figures are formed in them, how a thermometer works.

Theme: Inanimate nature

Lesson: Properties of liquid water

AT pure form water has no taste, smell and color, but it almost never happens like this, because it actively dissolves most substances in itself and combines with their particles. Also, water can penetrate into various bodies (scientists have found water even in stones).

If you fill a glass with water from the tap, it will appear clean. But in fact, it is a solution of many substances, among which there are gases (oxygen, argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide), various impurities contained in the air, dissolved salts from the soil, iron from water pipes, the smallest undissolved dust particles, etc.

If you apply droplets of tap water with a pipette to a clean glass and let it evaporate, barely noticeable spots will remain.

The water of rivers and streams, most lakes contain various impurities, such as dissolved salts. But there are few of them, because this water is fresh.

Water flows on earth and underground, fills streams, lakes, rivers, seas and oceans, creates underground palaces.

Making its way through easily soluble substances, water penetrates deep underground, taking them with it, and through cracks and cracks in rocks, forming underground caves, drips from their arch, creating bizarre sculptures. Billions of water droplets evaporate over hundreds of years, and substances dissolved in water (salts, limestones) settle on the arches of the cave, forming stone icicles, which are called stalactites.

Similar formations on the cave floor are called stalagmites.

And when a stalactite and a stalagmite grow together, forming a stone column, this is called a stalagnate.

Observing the ice drift on the river, we see water in solid (ice and snow), liquid (flowing under it) and gaseous state (the smallest particles of water rising into the air, which are also called water vapor).

Water can simultaneously be in all three states: there is always water vapor and clouds in the air, which consist of water droplets and ice crystals.

Water vapor is invisible, but it can be easily detected if you leave a glass of water cooled in the refrigerator for an hour in a warm room, on the walls of which water droplets will immediately appear. When in contact with the cold walls of the glass, the water vapor contained in the air is converted into water droplets and settles on the surface of the glass.

Rice. 11. Condensation on the walls of a cold glass ()

For the same reason, it fogs up in the cold season inner side window glass. Cold air cannot contain as much water vapor as warm air, so some of it condenses - turns into water droplets.

The white trail behind an airplane flying in the sky is also the result of water condensation.

If you bring a mirror to your lips and exhale, tiny droplets of water will remain on its surface, this proves that when you breathe, a person inhales water vapor with air.

When heated, water "expands". A simple experiment can prove this: a glass tube was lowered into a flask with water and the water level in it was measured; then the flask was lowered into a vessel with warm water and, after heating the water, the level in the tube was measured again, which rose noticeably, since the water increases in volume when heated.

Rice. 14. A flask with a tube, the number 1 and a line indicate the initial water level

Rice. 15. A flask with a tube, the number 2 and a line indicate the water level when heated

As water cools it "compresses". This can be proved by a similar experiment: in this case, the flask with the tube was lowered into a vessel with ice, after cooling, the water level in the tube dropped from the initial mark, because the water decreased in volume.

Rice. 16. A flask with a tube, the number 3 and a line indicate the water level during cooling

This happens because water particles, molecules, move faster when heated, collide with each other, repel each other from the walls of the vessel, the distance between the molecules increases, and therefore the liquid occupies a larger volume. When water is cooled, the movement of its particles slows down, the distance between molecules decreases, and a smaller volume is required for the liquid.

Rice. 17. Water molecules at normal temperature

Rice. 18. Water molecules when heated

Rice. 19. Water molecules during cooling

Such properties are possessed not only by water, but also by other liquids (alcohol, mercury, gasoline, kerosene).

Knowledge of this property of liquids led to the invention of a thermometer (thermometer), which uses alcohol or mercury.

When freezing, water expands. This can be proved if a container filled to the brim with water is loosely covered with a lid and placed in freezer, after a while we will see that the formed ice will lift the lid, going beyond the limits of the container.

This property is taken into account when laying water pipes, which must be insulated so that when freezing, the ice formed from the water does not break the pipes.

In nature, freezing water can destroy mountains: if water accumulates in the cracks of rocks in autumn, it freezes in winter, and under the pressure of ice, which occupies a larger volume than the water from which it was formed, rocks crack and break.

Water that freezes in cracks in the road leads to the destruction of the asphalt pavement.

Long ridges resembling folds on tree trunks are wounds from ruptures of wood under the pressure of tree sap freezing in it. Therefore, in cold winters, you can hear the crackling of trees in the park or in the forest.

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world around 3. M .: Ballas.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around 3. M .: Publishing house "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. Surrounding world 3. M .: Enlightenment.

1. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas ().
2. Science and education ().
3. Public class ().

1. Make up a short test (4 questions with three possible answers) on the topic "Water around us".
2. Do a little experiment: a glass with a very cold water put on a table in a warm room. Describe what will happen, explain why.
3. *Draw the movement of water molecules in a heated, normal and cooled state. If necessary, write captions on your drawing.