Algorithm for completing USE tasks

In Russian.

Part 1.

Exercise 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?

Task execution algorithm:

Task 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write out this word.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Read the text carefully.

2. By successively selecting the proposed means of communication, establish a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it. This technique will help you determine which word should be in the gap.

Task 3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word (………). Determine the meaning in which this word is used (…….) in the sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

Task execution algorithm:

read the task carefully;

find the specified offer;

include each of the proposed lexical interpretations instead of the word given for analysis;

listen to the new sound and meaning of the sentence;

determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

• if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

  if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is correct.

Task 4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.

Remember: the mobility of Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task.

agent, Augustow, agency, agony, acropolis, alcohol, alphabet, anApest, anAtom, antithesis, apostrophe, watermelon, arrest, aristocracy, argument, asymmetry, astronomer, atlas (collection geographical maps), atlas (fabric), bourgeoisie, being,

bureaucracy, airports

scam, crimson, ballot, pamper, pampered, pampered, bow (banta, bows)

bartender, unrestrained, birch bark and birch bark, gas pipeline, blagovest, favor, block, bombard, barrel, delusional and delusional, armor (securing something for someone), armor (protective sheathing), bakery, bourgeoisie, sandwich, being, bureaucracy

gross, cook (cook, cook, boil, cook), watchman, willow, veterinarian, turn on, water supply, Volgodonsky, wolf (wolf, wolves, wolves), thief (thieves, thieves, thieves, about thieves), magic, invest, concave, arouse, exorbitantly

gas pipeline, gastronomy, hectare, genesis, citizenship, grenadier, pear

cousin, girlish, democracy, department, despot, hyphen, action, diagnosis, dialogue, dispensary, white, mining, dogma, contract, contractual, naked, red-hot, document, report, naked, dosinya, leisure, associate professor, daughter, dramaturgy drowsiness, confessor,
heretic,
blinds, vent, life,

book, (secure something for someone), book (cover with armor), enviably, bent, conspiracy (secret agreement), conspiracy (spell), bent, long, frosty, busy (man), busy (by someone ), clog, clogged, mold, seal, sealed, powder, call (call, call, call), winterer, malice, sign, significance, sorcery, jagged

scoop, scoop, cleaner,
chassis, seamstress, shake, syringes, sorrel, crushed stone, wood chips, wood chips,
excursion, expert, export, equipped, express, epilogue, pullover

yurOdivy

religion, exhaust,
flounder, catalog, rubber, cough, quarter, cedar, kilometer, cinematography, pantry, whooping cough, college, colossus, compass, complex, self-interest, more beautiful, nettle, flint, cooking, kitchen, scrap, scrap, blade, waste remnants), flap (a piece of cloth),
alluring, masterful, medicines, briefly, manager, metallurgy, meager (allowed - meager), youth, milkman, monologue, ordeal,

naked, naked (cut off), naked (hold checkers), bent over, for a long time, intention, tilt, backhand, start, started, arrears, illness, obituary, hatred, unpretentious, oil pipeline, newborn,
provision, facilitate, sharpen, Embraced, embraced, facilitate, encourage, borrow, embittered, wholesale, inform, point, uncork, Adolescence, in part, paralysis,
partner, plowing, first-born, mold, pizzeria, offer, fable, understood, understood, understood, raised, noon, briefcase, pedestal, funeral, at a funeral, plateau, anticipate, undertaken, fail, reward, reward, sentence, dowry

knowledgeable, beet, silo, orphan, orphans, plum case, condolence, convocation, concentration, means, statue, status, statute, shorthand, carpenter, vessel, bent,
customs, dancer, cakes, cakes, shoe,
decoration, speed up, deepen, Coal, Ukrainian, improve, deceased, mentioned, mention, strengthening, aggravate,
facsimile, porcelain, extravaganza, phenomenon, fetish, fluorography, flyleaf, form,
chaos, characteristic (typical), characteristic (actor), intercessor, intercession, intercession, well-groomed (adj.), well-groomed (adj.), Christian, Christ-seller,
cement, chain, gypsies,

Task 5. In one of the sentences below WRONG highlighted word is used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. Task execution algorithm:

read all offers carefully;

determine the lexical meanings of each of the paronymic words by selecting synonyms and antonyms or taking into account what words each of them can be combined with;

indicate the correct answer.

Addressee - addressee. Addressee - the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient); addressee - a person or organization sending a postal item (sender).

anecdotal - anecdotal. Anecdotal - inherent in an anecdote, based on an anecdote (an anecdotal story); anecdotal - ridiculous, ridiculous (anecdotal case).

archaic - archaic. Archaic - characteristic of antiquity (archaic view), archaic - obsolete, not corresponding to new views, rules (archaic use).

weekday - everyday. Weekday - not a holiday (weekday); everyday - prosaic, monotonous (everyday work).

Breathe in - breathe in. Inhale - take in, draw in air (inhale oxygen), inspire something (inhale courage); sigh - let out a sigh (breathe with relief); rest a little (let me breathe); to grieve, be sad (sigh for children).

Educational - educational. Educational - related to education (educational system); educational - related to the teacher (educational room).

Everyone - everyone. Everyone - everyone (every minute); all kinds - the most diverse (all kinds of searches).

Elective - selective. Elected - related to elections, elected by voting (elected position); selective - partial (selective check)

Harmonic - harmonious. Harmonic - related to harmony (harmonic series); harmonious - slender, coordinated (harmonious personality).

main - capital. Main - main, most significant, central, senior (main street); capital - related to the title (title role).

Engine - mover. Engine - a machine that sets in motion, power (electric motor); mover - what sets in motion, contributes to it (the mover of society, progress is outdated.).

Democratic - democratic. Democratic - pertaining to democracy, democrat (democratic camp); democratic - characteristic of democracy, democrat (democratic act).

Dynamic - dynamic. Dynamic - related to dynamics, movement (dynamic theory); dynamic - possessing great internal energy (dynamic pace).

Diplomatic - diplomatic. Diplomatic - related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post); diplomatic - subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).

Long - long. Long - having a great length (long report); long - long-term (long vacation, long period).

Voluntary - voluntary. Voluntary - performed without coercion (voluntary labor); volunteer - relating to a volunteer (volunteer initiative, volunteer army).

dramatic - dramatic. Dramatic - expressing strong feelings, full of drama (dramatic situation); dramatic - related to drama (dramatic circle).

friendly - friendly. Friendly - relating to a friend, friends (friendly meeting); friendly - based on friendship (friendly country).

pitiful - pitiful. Pitiful - expressing sorrow, longing, suffering; plaintive, sad (pitiful voice); compassionate - prone to pity, sympathy; compassionate, touching (compassionate words, people).

Spare - thrifty. Spare - available as a spare (emergency exit); thrifty - able to stock up (thrifty person).

Evil - malicious. Evil - filled with feelings of enmity ( evil person); malicious - having a bad purpose, deliberate (malicious non-payer).

Executive - performing. Executive - diligent, having as its goal the implementation of something (executive worker); performing - relating to the performer (performing skills).

seconded - business trip. Seconded - a person who is on a business trip (a seconded specialist); business trip - relating to a business traveler (travel expenses).

Comic - comical. Comic - related to comedy (comic character); comical - funny (comical look).

Critical - critical. Critical - related to criticism (critical article); critical - having the ability to criticize (critical approach).

logical - logical. Logical - related to logic (logical thinking); logical - correct, reasonable, consistent (logical reasoning).

methodical - methodical. Methodical - related to methodology (methodological conference); methodical - exactly following the plan (methodical work).

Hateful - hateful. Hateful - imbued with hatred (hateful acts); hateful - causing hatred (hated enemy).

intolerable - intolerable. Unbearable - one that cannot be endured (unbearable cold); intolerant - unacceptable (intolerant attitude).

to dine - to dine. To become poorer - to become poor (to become poorer as a result of inflation); impoverish - make poor (impoverish life).

dangerous - fearful. Dangerous - associated with danger (dangerous bridge); cautious - acting cautiously (cautious person).

typo - unsubscribe. A typo - an accidental mistake in writing (an annoying typo); unsubscribing - an answer that does not affect the merits of the case (impudent unsubscribing).

Learn - learn. To master - to learn how to use something, to include it in the circle of one's activities (to master the release of new products); to assimilate - to make habitual; understand, memorize

Organic - organic. Organic - pertaining to a vegetable or animal world(organic matter); organic - inextricably linked, natural (organic integrity).

Condemnation - discussion. Condemnation - an expression of disapproval, sentencing (condemnation of a criminal); discussion - comprehensive consideration (discussion of the problem);

Responsible - responsible. Reciprocal - being the answer (response); responsible - responsible, important (responsible employee).

Reporting - distinct. Reporting - related to the report (reporting period); distinct - well distinguishable (distinct sound).

Political - political. Political - related to politics (politician); political - acting diplomatically, cautiously (political hint).

Understandable - understandable. Understanding - quickly understanding (understanding person); understandable - clear (clear reason).

Representative - representative. Representative - making a favorable impression (representative appearance); representative - elected (representative body); relating to representation, representative (representation expenses).

Presentation - provision. Submission - presentation for familiarization, nomination for promotion (representation of a characteristic); provision - the allocation of something at someone's disposal (granting a loan).

conspicuous - conspicuous. Perceptive - able to notice (perceptive critic); noticeable - noticeable (noticeable displeasure).

Realistic - realistic. Realistic - next to realism (realistic painting); realistic - corresponding to reality, quite practical (realistic goal).

Hidden - secretive. Hidden - secret, invisible (hidden threat); secretive - unrevealed (secret person).

Tactical - tactical. Tactful - possessing tact (a tactful act); tactical - related to tactics (tactical task).

Technical - technical. Technical - relating to technology (technical progress); technical - possessing high skill (technical actor).

Lucky - lucky. Lucky - happy; one who is lucky (lucky explorer); successful - successful (good day).

Actual - actual. Actual - corresponding to the facts (actual state of affairs); factual - containing many facts (actual report).

Master's - economic. Master - relating to the owner; such as a good owner (owner's interest); economic - busy with the economy, associated with the economy (economic issues).

Explicit - obvious. Explicit - obvious, undisguised (clear superiority); clear - distinct, well distinguishable (clear whisper).

Task 6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

Find mistakes in education and usage

case forms of numerals;

numerals one and a half, one and a half;

collective numerals, including numerals both, both;

comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs;

nominative and genitive plural of some nouns;

imperative forms of some verbs.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Determine which part of speech the given word belongs to.

2. If this name is a numeral, remember that

in complex quantitative names of numerals both parts are inclined;

Cases

From 50 - 80

200, 300, 400

From 500 - 900

fifty

heels and ten and

heels and ten and

fifty

five Yu ten Yu

oh heel and ten and

two hundred

dv wow honeycomb

dv mind st am

two hundred

dv knowing st ami

about dv wow st Oh

five hundred

heels and honeycomb

heels and st am

five hundred

five Yu st ami

oh heel and st Oh

when declining compound ordinal numbers, only the last word;

numeral both used with masculine and neuter nouns, and both- female;

Cases

M., cf. genus

G. genus

both

both

both

both

both

about both

both

both

both

both

both

about both

collective nouns ( two, three, four etc.) are used with nouns denoting males, names of baby animals, paired objects, or having only the plural form.

3. If this name is an adjective, check if the forms of degrees of comparison are formed correctly. Remember: you cannot mix simple and compound forms of degrees of comparison.

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

Comparative

excellent

simple

composite

simple

composite

beautiful´v- her(s)

less- she

deep e

more beautiful

less beautiful

beautiful´v- ash- uy

great- aish- uy

nai most difficult

most beautiful

most beautiful

Degrees of comparison of adverbs

comparative

excellent

simple

composite

composite

-her(s)- it hurts - it hurts her, ill her

-e - easy - easy e-she- thin - thin e

adverb + more (less) more thin

less interesting

comparative degree + pronoun all, everything:

did the best (of all)

4. If this is a verb, pay attention to the correct formation

imperative mood forms;

forms of the past tense used without a suffix are -NU-.

(there is - well- in the verb- error - correct answer)

5. If this is a noun, make sure the formation is correct

nominative plural forms;

genitive plural forms.

NOMINATIVE PLURAL

m. kind

With the end - and I(emphasis on ending)

With the end - s, -i ( accent based)

dual number influence)

Addresses, shores, centuries, fans, director, doctor, gutter, inspector, boat, clover, feed, box, body, seine, district, vacation, passport, cook, professor, variety, watchman, stack, paramedic, outbuilding, barn, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk.

sentences, mines,

editors, snipers, tractors, cakes, fronts, drivers.

volumes

locksmiths bakers

1. Animated foreign nouns. on the

-torus, -sor stylistically neutral: directors

1. Animated foreign nouns. on the -er,

-er:engineers

2. Inanimate. foreign words in

-torus, -sor:processors

3. Animated foreign nouns. on the

-tor with a book touch: editors.

Remember: oil - pl. hours - oil a

cream - pl. – cream s(not cream a)

male

female

average

banknotes

giraffe

Hall

corrective

piano

only

tulle

shampoo

sandal, boot

cuff, callus

sneaker

reserved seat

gravy (with gravy)

slipper

shoe (no shoes)

surname

bast

tentacle

Task 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

1. Look for mistakes in sentences:

1) with homogeneous members; (look for homogeneous predicates with the union I. Ask a question from the verb to the homogeneous members of the sentence. The question should be the same, if not, then an error !!! This will be the correct answer. (I see??? (a member of the sentence is missing) and I'm proud nature? I see what?, I'm proud of what?)

2) with participle turnovers; (look at the end of the sacrament, remember that there must be agreement with the word being defined in gender, number, case.)

3) with proper names enclosed in quotation marks and being the name of newspapers, magazines, books, paintings, films;

4) with derivative prepositions thanks to, in spite of, in spite of and non-derivative preposition on used in speech upon completion, upon arrival, upon completion, upon arrival;

5) with double alliances not only but; like…and;

6) using quotes;

7) beginning with the words: everyone who…; those who…; none of those who...

Task 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Cross out words with alternating vowels, as they will not be the correct answer:

1.1. read each word carefully and look for words with an alternating vowel in the root ( gar - mountains, zar - zor, clan - clone, creature - creation, lag - lie, bir - ber, feast - lane, dir - der, tir - ter, world - mer, blist - shine, stil - stel, jig - burned, chit - even, kas -kos, rast - rosch - grew, jump - skoch, poppy - mok, equal - even).

2) select test words for the remaining words, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, an unstressed vowel in which requires memorization;

3) if you found a dictionary word, you can cross it out, as it will not be the correct answer;

4) if by the way you managed to pick up a test in which an obscure vowel sound was stressed and is clearly heard, then you have found the correct answer.

Task 9. Identify the sequence in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.

You need to know the following spelling rules:

spelling of prefixes on -З and -С;

spelling of prefixes PRE and PRI;

PRE -

AT -

To stay (=re-)

arrive (approach)

despise (hate)

To despise (to give someone shelter)

Betray (= re-)

to give (to add, to change something, to add)

bow down, bow down (= re-)

bow down (approach)

transform (implement)

Pretend (incomplete action)

Transient (= re-)

Incoming (approach)

endure (endure)

get used to (get used to)

Successor (= re-, adopt)

Receiver (radio)

Resign (die)

Attach (put close)

Vicissitudes (reversals in fate)

gatekeeper - gatekeeper

Immutable (immutable, indestructible)

attach (attach)

Prerequisite (mandatory)

Unacceptable conditions (impossible)

Limit (border)

Aisle (extension in the church)

Downplayed (very)

Reduced (slightly)

Remember:

PRE-

AT-

preamble, prevail, those in power, predicate, present, presentable, president, presidium, presumption, price list, prelude, seduce, do not fail, premiere, neglect, preparation, present, obstacle, prerogative, prestige, pretender, preference

private, fastidious, privilege, contingency, comely, picky, adventure, prima donna, primate, primitive, priority, deplorable, swear, claim, embellish, unpretentious, whimsical

Prefixes on -З and -С:
spelling depends on the subsequent consonant

before voiced consonants - s appeal, rootless

before voiceless consonants

bake, careless, silent

Task 10. Write out the word in which the letter E / I / is written at the place of the gap

Task execution algorithm:

1) Find out in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If the vowel is omitted at the end, then use the indefinite form of the verb to establish its conjugation:

in the personal endings of the verbs of the first conjugation, vowels E, U are written;

in the personal endings of the verbs of the second conjugation, vowels I, A (I) are written.

3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

missing vowel in participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, box, im, eat (om).

missing vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn .

4) Spelling participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

in participles formed from verbs I conjugations , suffixes are written ush, yusch, em (om) ;

in participles formed from verbs II conjugations , suffixes are written ash, box, im.

5) Vowel spelling before suffixes participles vsh and nn depends from that to at - yat or it - et the indefinite form of the original verb ends:

yat or yat , then before nn in passive past participles, the vowel is preserved and I);

if the original verb ends in eat or eat , then before nn only written e ;

before suffix vsh retains the same vowel , as before the end be in an indefinite form.

HINT: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (THEY do what? THEY do what?) ending -ut-yut - verb 1 conjugation - in endings you should write a letter E,

Ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter And.

Task 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap

Need to know the spelling of suffixes

nouns ( ets, itz; ink, enk; out, in; ichk, echk; ik, ek );

adjectives ( iv, ev; liv, chiv );

verbs ( willow, willow; eva, ova; And, E before the stressed suffix wa) .

Task execution algorithm:

1) Determine which part of speech (noun, adjective, verb) the word with the missing letter in the suffix belongs to.

2) Apply the desired rule.

adjective

-ev- unstressed: glue ev oh, enamel ev th

-iv- percussion: linen willows th

Exception: kindly willows oh, fool willows th

-chiv-:infusion chiv th

-living-: talent Liv th

verb

-ova- (-eva-)

hang up

I'm hanging

Yva- (-iva-)

annoy

I'm annoyed

TABLE OF DEFINITIONS

VERB ENDINGS AND PARTICIPLE SUFFIXES

Verb endings

Suffixes are valid. participles

Suffixes suffer. participles

I conjugation

rest

-eatwriteeat

-eatwriteeat

-etwriteee

-utwriteut

-utthoughtut

-usch-writeyi uy

-yusch-thoughtYusch uy

-om-carriedohm th

-eat-blowing eatth

II conjugation

N.F. on the - and be

-themstrictthem

-ishstrictish

-itestrictite

-atstrictyat

-yatstorageyat

-ash-breatheash uy

-box-storagecrate uy

-them-storagethem th

Task 12. Determine the sentence in which NOT with the nightingale is written ONE. (SEPARATE). Open the brackets and write out this word.

)? It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

NOT with nouns, quality adjectives, adverbs in -O and -E;

NOT with verbs and gerunds;

NOT with participles.

1. Not with nouns, adjectives, adverbs in O, E

together

separately

1. Not used without NOT:

ignoramus
fables

careless

ridiculous

1. If there is opposition with uniona Not true but false

Not happy but sad

Not close but far

adverb not in O-E: did not enter like a friend

2. If the word with the prefix NOT can find a synonym without NOT

Foe (enemy)

Misfortune (grief)

Enemy (enemy)

unhappy (sad)

Close (far)

2. If at the word with NOT there are words far, at all, not at all, not at all, by no means

Far from pretty

Not a friend at all

Nothing interesting

Not at all sweet

3.Remember:

small

slave

confusion

imperfections

undergrowth

dunno

klutz

3.Remember:

not in measure, not as an example, not for good, not for haste, not to taste, not within the power, not according to the gut, not from the hand, etc.; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, for nothing

not about anything, not a bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny etc.

not one (no one) - not one (many), never (never) - not once (often) .

2.Not with verbs and gerunds

together

separately

1. Not used without NOT:

resent (indignant)

rage (rage)

unwell

dislike

hate

1.Always separate

Was not

Not catching up

Without knowing

2. With the prefix under-

UNDER-= below normal, not 100% be in insufficient quantity
there is an antonym with re- (=excess)
undersalt the soup (oversalt the soup)
the result is unsatisfactory
missing = not enough
You lack patience.
^ I always lack money.

2. With prefixes not + to

done not to end
do not watch the movie, do not take home
She did not finish and fell silent.
(to end implied)
does not reach = does not reach
The rope is missing before gender.
Before poplar is missing the fifth floor

3. Not with participles and verbal adjectives.

together

separately

1. not used without NOT:
n units mindful (adj., not packing without NOT)
2. NO opposition with union A and
dependent words: n no sown field (no a, AP)

1. with brief participles: not_ closed
2. IS opposition with union a:
unfinished, a started meeting
3. IS dependent the words:
unsown in time field, not yet plowed field

4.NOT and NOR with negative PRONOUNS

together

separately

There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one

THERE IS A SUGGESTION

With no one, with no one

Task 13. Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are written CLEARLY (SEPARATELY). Open the brackets and write out these two words.

Task execution algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the underlined word belongs to.

Unions so that, also, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, because are written together ; they can be replaced by synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar to these unions in sound whatever, the same likewise, for that, for that, for that , and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (well, would) can either be removed from the proposal, or rearranged to another place; other component (that, that, than, yes, that) replace with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: DUE TO = due to, IN VIEW = due to, ABOUT = about, TOGETHER = to, DESPITE = contrary to.

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = IN CONTINUATION, IN DIFFERENCE, IN CONCLUSION, DURING.

For continuous, hyphenated or separate spelling of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derived prepositions

Nouns with prepositions

during

There was no news in flow of the year.

How long?

(time value)

during (what?) rivers

See in continue (what?) series.

AT(fast) currents rivers

See in(soon) continued series

in continuation

She said in continuation hours.

Finally articles

At the end, in the end

Sat in conclusionI.

Sat in(debt) conclusionI.

Unlike from others

(used with from)

Difference in differences life.

Difference in(strong) differences life.

due to= due to

He did not come due to illness.

Remember: later I - adverb

as a consequence

intervened as a consequence in the case of theft.

intervened in(new) consequence in the case of theft.

like= like

vessel like flasks

Error in kind noun.

about= about, about

Reach an agreement about excursions.

Put on the check in the bank.

Put on the(mine) check.

towards=k

Go towards friend.

go to a meeting with friends.

go on the(long awaited) meeting.

due to= due to

In view of We didn't go to the cinema when it rained.

I meant tomorrow. (stable expression).

as cones

in mind cities

(cone view, city view)

adverbs

Nouns with prepositions

climb up (refer to the verb)

climb to the top the mountains

on the(most) top the mountains

shoes me fit

at the right time flowering -

in ( spring) time flowering

Derived prepositions

Participles with negation

In spite of rain, went out of town

(although it was raining).

Regardless of bad weather, we went camping.

(in spite of what?)

Despite father, he got up from the table.

Regardless of me, he left the room.

(=not looking)

Task 14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH (H) is written

determine what part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

apply the spelling rule Н and НН in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun:

HH

H

1. If the root of the word ends in H, and the suffix begins with H:

malinn ik(Mali n a)

2.If noun. formed from an adjective with HH, or from a participle:

diseasesenn awn(diseases enn th)

pampered(spoiled)

3. Remember: besprida nn itza

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan-

peatyang ik(from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one H: studyn ik(from adj. study n th), martyr, worker

3. In words:

gaff yang itza (bagr yang th), cannabis yang ir(cannabis yang th)

var en ik (var yon th), smoked yon awn (kopch yon th)

cost yang ika (cost yang oh) wise yon awn (wise yon th)

oil en itza (oil en th), oats yang itza (oats yang th)

gost in itza (guest in th), firewood yang ik (firewood yang oh)

smart yon awn (meaning n th), great en itza

Adjective:

HH

H

1. n. -H+ -H-: karmann th

2. -ONN-, -ENN-: commissionion th, cranberriesenn th,

! without wind nn th

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASSHH YY, TINHH YY, WOODHH YY

YU nn and you ( young s nat Uralists)

1. -IN-: goose in th

2. exception WINDH YY(day, person)

3. -AN- (-YAN-): leatheren th

Remember: Yu n th;

gaff yang oh, rum yang oh, r yang oh, pi yang oh, right n yy (historical suf. - YAN-); bar n oy, svy n oh si n oh, green n oh, go n oh, core n th.

In short adjectives, the same number of n is written as in full adjectives.

Tuma nn aya distance - the distance of the fog nn a

wind n th girl - girl in the wind n a

Participles:

Н - НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

HH

H

1. There is a prefix: about seeded flour

(except for attachment not-)

But: no problem her nn oh flour

1. There is a prefix not-: not sowing n oh flour

2. No ¬, but there is AP: soya nn and I through a sieve flour

2. No ¬: sowing n oh flour

3. have a suffix -ova-/-eva-:

marin ovann th cucumbers

3. Exceptions: kova n oh, chew n oh, cool n th (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

4. Formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb:

Reshe nn task (to solve - what With do?)

But: from wound nn th , wound nn th in leg fighter

! Being woundnn th, the soldier remained in the ranks.

Women immediately hung washingnn oh.(Suffering. adverb, since they retain the verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., windless

4. Exception: wound n oh, windy

5. The same words in their direct meaning will be participles : name nn oh play, end nn th work.

5. When the participle turns into an adjective, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: a smart child, an uninvited guest, a named brother, an imprisoned father, a dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, a dead man.

Exceptions: covetous, desirable,

unheard, unseen, sacred,

unexpected, unexpected, inadvertent, done, slow, awake, swaggering, chased

6. Spelling does not change as part of compound words: golden n oh, scrap n th-fracture n th, Word everything in general has adjective meaning(high quality), not the value of "adj. + communion.

7. Brief participles: a spoiled girl n a

SHOULD BE DISTINCTIVE

short adjective

Brief Communion

Girl brought up nna (sama - short adjective). Can be replaced with a full adjective: educated I.

Girl brought up n and in the orphanage (by whom?) - a short adverb .. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up.

Adverb

Short neuter participle

 Ch.  adv.

He answered deliberately(how? in what way?).

Thoughtfully - a circumstance.

noun  cr. moreover

A business thoughtful (how?) from all sides.

Considered - predicate.

Task 15. Set up punctuation marks. Specify the numbers of sentences in which you need to put one comma.

Execution algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine which unions connect them:

if it is a single connecting or dividing conjunction ( and, or, either, yes (= and ), comma in front of him not put ;

if it is a double union ( as ..., and; not so much ... as; not only but; though... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double union ;

if this repeated alliances , then a comma is placed only in front of those who are between homogeneous members ;

before opposing alliances between homogeneous members always put a comma .

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are combined in pairs, then a comma is placed between paired groups and only one!

Task 16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Remember:

participial answers the questions which? which? which? which? ;

gerund answers the questions having done what? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a verb - a predicate ; participial turnover answers the questions as? when? why?

punctuation in participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

the adverbial turnover is always distinguished in writing by commas;

homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and participial phrases and connected by a single union And, are not separated by a comma.

Task execution algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial turnover occupies (DO- does not stand out with commas !!! AFTER the word being defined - stands out !!!).

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the union AND, expressed by participial or participial phrases. A comma is not put before the union And.

4).Attention! there should not be numbers in the middle of the turnover, this provocation!!! Eliminate them!!!Use the trick to eliminate the highlighted turnover.

Task 17.

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic construction. Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.

Task execution algorithm:

1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.

Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

Homonymous with the introductory words, the members of the sentence cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic construction; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the end, it seems to be, hardly, anyway, after all, even, exactly, sometimes, as it were, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, probably, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, let, decisively, nevertheless, only, supposedly.

Task 18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Execution algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical foundations of the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, complex sentences are presented in this task. with adjectives , in them conjunction word which is not at the beginning of the subordinate part, but In the middle her, therefore A comma is not placed before the allied word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word "which"

4. Attention to the union And). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

Task 19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

To complete the task, use the algorithm:

1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic construction.

3. See how these parts are connected.

4. Find out if the offer contains Union And , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

if homogeneous members , then there is a comma before it not put ;

if parts of a complex sentence , then there is a comma before it put .

5. Find 2 unions side by side: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

Comma between conjunctions NOT put if the words go further in the sentence then yes, but

Comma between conjunctions put, if no THEN, SO, BUT.

Task 20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

Particular attention should be paid to the second and third sentences:

they (argument and output) contain the main information;

therefore, among the answer options, one should look for one that combines the information of the 2nd and 3rd sentences.

Remember the main information is given only in its direct meaning. (EXACTLY and SPECIFICLY)

Task execution algorithm:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue that is raised in this text; pay attention to the main part of complex sentences.

2. Determine the causal relationship between sentences in the text by analyzing conjunctions, allied words, introductory constructions.

3. Shorten the text by crossing out secondary information (various explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Convey in one sentence main information contained in the text.

5. Compare your text compression option (your sentence that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.

Task 21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Read the text.

2. To determine his type of speech, use the technique of imaginary "photography":

if it is possible to “photograph” the entire text in one frame, this is description ;

if it is possible to “photograph” the text in a successive series of frames, this is narration ;

if the text cannot be "photographed" - this reasoning .

3. Remember that

description shows (this is what we see: a portrait of a person, a landscape, an interior);

narration tells (this is a chain of events or actions and actions of characters);

reasoning proves and is built according to the scheme: thesis - proof - final conclusion.

Determine what type of speech the proposed text belongs to.

Types of speech

composition scheme

Narration

(what happened?)

I came, I saw, I conquered.

communicate a sequence of actions or events.

verbs are used.

Multiple Frames

exposition

tie

Development of action

climax

5. Interchange

Description

(which?)

indicate the signs of an object, person, place, state. Adjectives are used.

1 frame

From the general impression to the details.

Reasoning (why?)

substantiate this or that put forward position (thesis), explain the essence, causes of this or that phenomenon, event.

It talks about causes and effects, events and phenomena, our ideas about them, assessments, feelings. - about what can not be photographed.

1. Thesis (a thought that is being proved) →

2. arguments (proofs, examples) →

3. conclusions.

Task 22. From the given sentences write out synonyms (synonymous pair). (There may be various lexical means.

Task execution algorithm:

1. If in the task it is required to find a certain lexical unit in the specified passage of text, it is necessary

recall the definition of this lexical unit:

Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, opposite in their lexical meaning.! Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in a given context.

Synonyms- These are words of the same part of speech, the same or similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. Like antonyms, synonyms can be contextual.

Homonyms-these are words thoughhigher in sound (withpossible differentwriting) or writesledge (if possiblenom different soundingnii), but different in meaning.

historicisms- These are obsolete words that have fallen out of use due to the disappearance of the objects and phenomena that they denoted from life.

Neologisms– new words of limited use.

Phraseologism- Lexically indivisible phrases reproduced in finished form: hang your nose, win, voice of crying)

Task 23. Among sentences 1-8 (there may be other sentence numbers), find one that is connected with the previous one using a possessive pronoun (another means of communication). Write the number of this offer.

Lexical means of communication required in task B7:

lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases);

synonyms and synonymic substitutions;

contextual synonyms;

antonyms (including contextual ones).

Morphological means of communication:

unions;

personal, demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences;

adverbs;

degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.

The syntactic means of communication of sentences include:

syntactic parallelism (the same word order and the same morphological design of the members of adjacent sentences);

parceling (withdrawal from the sentence of any part and its execution in the form of an independent incomplete sentence);

incomplete sentences;

introductory words and sentences, appeals, rhetorical questions.

Task execution algorithm:

1. It is necessary to firmly learn the categories of pronouns, since the pronominal connection is most in demand in tasks of this type.

2. Remember that you must determine the relationship of this sentence with the previous , with the one that is to the offer you are considering .

CATS OF PRONOUNS BY MEANING

Personal

Unit h. pl. h.

1 l. - I we

2 l. - you you

3 l. - he, she, it they

returnable

myself

Interrogative

relative

who, what, which, whose, which, how much, what

indefinite

someone, something, some, several, someone, something, someone, someone, someone, some someday

Negative

no one, nothing, none, no one, no one, nothing

Possessive

mine, yours, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs

pointing

that, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete)

Determinants

all, everyone, everyone, himself, any, other, most, other

When declining some pronouns, the whole word changes: I - to me, you - to you ...

Distinguish the categories of pronouns.

Wed Her (his, them) book- whose? - possessive pronoun.

We sawher (his, their ) - whom? - personal pronoun.

Who on duty today? - interrogative pronoun.

We do not know, who today duty is a relative pronoun.

Task 24. Restore the terms missing in the text of the review, with the help of which the language features of this text.

Task execution algorithm:

Carefully read the list of figurative and expressive means of the language presented in the sample of answers.

Divide all the terms into 3 groups: Paths, Figures, Vocabulary.

Read the review carefully, insert the necessary IVS.

four . In case of difficulty, you can use the technique of excluding from the list of those terms that, according to the meaning, cannot be in place of gaps in the text.

1. trails - words and expressions used in a figurative sense:

epithet - figurative definition (Through wavy the moon sneaks through the fog ... / A.S. Pushkin/);

personification - attribution of qualities, actions, emotions of a person to objects, nature, abstract concepts ( The earth is sleeping in the glow of blue / M.Yu. Lermontov/);

comparison - a comparison of two objects or phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other ( Ice weak on the studenoy river like melting sugar lies on. Nekrasov/);

metaphor - the transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity (Lights rowan bonfire red / S.A. Yesenin /);

metonymy - allegorical designation of the subject of speech, "renaming", replacing one concept with another that has a causal relationship with it ( All flags will visit us / A.S. Pushkin/);

synecdoche - a kind of metonymy, when the name of the part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa (We all look at Napoleons / A.S. Pushkin /);

hyperbola - excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object (The sunset burned in a hundred thousand suns / V.V. Mayakovsky /);

litotes - excessive underestimation of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon (your spitz, lovely spitz, no more than a thimble / A.S. Griboyedov /);

irony - hidden mockery; the use of a word or expression in the opposite sense of the literal (Otkol, clever, you wander head? / I.A. Krylov/);

paraphrase – replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of their distinctive features or an indication of characteristic features ( King of beasts/instead of a lion/);

2. Figures of speech - special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech:

antithesis - a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images (You are wretched, You are plentiful, You are powerful, You are powerless, Mother Russia! / N.A. Nekrasov /);

inversion - reverse word order (whitens sail lonely/M.Yu. Lermontov/);

gradation - the arrangement of words or expressions in ascending or descending order of their meaning (semantic or emotional) ( Glowing, burning, shining huge blue eyes)

oxymoron - a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning ( Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy);

parceling - intentional violation of the boundaries of the sentence (It happened a long time ago. A very long time ago. Anna had trouble. Big.);

anaphora monophony, repetition of similar words at the beginning of stanzas or closely spaced phrases ( Wait me and I'll be back. Just wait a lot. Wait when yellow rains make you sad, Wait when it snows, Wait when the heat Wait when others are not expected, having forgotten yesterday / K. Simonov/);

epiphora - repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of several adjacent constructions (I would like to know why I titular councilor? Why exactly titular councilor? /N.V. Gogol /);

rhetorical question - a question that is posed in order to draw attention to a particular phenomenon (To be or not to be? / Shakespeare /);

rhetorical appeal - emotional appeal to people who are not directly involved in communication, or to inanimate objects (People of the world, take care of the world!);

ellipsis - omission of the predicate, giving speech dynamism (We villages - to ashes, cities - to dust / V.A. Zhukovsky /);

lexical repetition - intentional repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance the emotionality, expressiveness of the statement (It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep: sleeping grass, slept trees, slept clouds).

questionable - response form of presentation - a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate (What to do? I don’t know. Whom to ask for advice? Unknown.);

syntactic parallelism - the same syntactic construction of neighboring sentences, the same arrangement of similar members of the sentence in them (I look at the future with fear, / I look at the past with longing. / M.Yu. Lermontov /);

homogeneous members of a sentence .

3 .Lexical means of expression: Vocabulary

Dialect words - a word or phrase existing in a particular locality (territorial dialectism), social group (social dialectism) or profession (professional dialectism): cock-kochet

jargon- speech social group, different from the general language, containing many artificial words and expressions. There are different jargons: salon, philistine, thieves, student, school, army, sports, etc. "Smell" - from the jargon of hunters, "amba" - from the sea.

Antonyms(Greek Ant - against and on uma - name) - words that have opposite meanings: "Deceit and love", "Whiter is only a shine, blacker is a shadow."

Archaisms(from the Greek Archaios - ancient) - an obsolete word or figure of speech.

Neologisms(from the Greek Neos - new and logos - word) - a newly formed word that appeared in connection with the emergence of new concepts in life (in science, technology, culture, in everyday life). Neologism emphasizes the expressiveness of speech. For example, "mediocrity" instead of "mediocrity".

Synonyms(from Greek - the same name) 1) Words that are different in spelling, but close (or the same) in meaning: defeat-overcome (the enemy); run - rush; beautiful - charming; hippopotamus - hippopotamus. 2) Contextual synonyms are words or phrases that converge in meaning in the same context, these words are individual, situational in nature: needle - Ostankino needle (tower); the voice (murmur) of the waves; noise (rustle, rustle, whisper) of foliage.

Contextual synonyms - words or a combination of words that acquire a close meaning only in a certain context. "Doing nothing" - passive rest.

Phraseologism - lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, integral in meaning, a phrase reproduced in the form of a finished speech unit. (Frown eyebrows, win, lower head, bloody nose, burn with shame, bare teeth, sudden death, longing takes, biting frost, fragile boat, delicate question, delicate position)

Homonyms- words that sound the same different meaning, eg: club (couple and sports), change your mind (a lot and change your mind). AT oral speech sound homonyms (homophones) arise - words that sound the same, although they are spelled differently: cry and cry, boil and open.

PART 2

It is necessary to analyze the proposed text, identifying the author's position on one of the problems raised in it, correctly and conclusively expressing one's own attitude to what was read. The volume of the essay is at least 200 words.

In order to perform the task correctly, you need to know Part C evaluation criteria.

Essay writing plan - reasoning on the proposed text

Regardless of the content of the text, you can use the following plan, compiled on the basis of the requirements for completing the task of part C:

1. Formulate the problem - K 1

2. Comment on the problem.K-2

4. Express your own opinion, agreeing or disagreeing with the author. K-4

5. Prove your point of view by giving at least two arguments (each of them is given in a new paragraph).

6. Final conclusion (conclusion).

Problem - a question that interests the author of the source text and causes his thoughts and reflections.

Line UMK M. M. Razumovskaya. Russian language (5-9)

Line UMK VV Babaytseva. Russian language (10-11) (deep)

Line UMK Kudryavtseva. Russian language (10-11)

Line UMK Pakhnova. Russian language (10-11) (B)

Unified State Examination in the Russian language: a detailed analysis of tasks with specialists

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is one of the mandatory subjects for final exams. The results of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will be required for admission to universities for each area of ​​training (specialty). Today we will consider in detail one of the options for the exam task.

New materials on the exam are available for review at the link:

Below is a breakdown of the 2017 assignments.

The examination time is 3.5 hours (210 minutes).

The minimum number of points in the Russian language:

• to obtain a certificate - 24 points;
• for admission to a university - 36 points.

The structure of the examination paper:

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

Part 1 contains 24 short answer tasks. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:

• tasks open type to record a self-formulated correct answer;
• tasks to choose from and write down one correct answer from the proposed list of answers.

Part 2 contains 1 open-ended task with a detailed answer (composition), which tests the ability to create your own statement based on the text you read.

Our experts:

Sosnina Irina Vasilievna, teacher of Russian language and literature, laureate of the competition "Moscow Grant" in the field of science and technology in the field of education.
Awarded with the Honorary Diploma of the Ministry of Education and Science, work experience - 34 years.

Ryabtseva Elena Alexandrovna, a teacher of the highest category, teaches at a high school. Veteran of Labor, Winner of the competition of the best teachers Russian Federation within the framework of the Priority National Project "Education". Twice Laureate of the competition "Moscow Grant" in the field of science and technology in the field of education. Pedagogical experience - 46 years.

Part 1

Read the text and do tasks 1-3.

(1)L.N. Gumilyov, studying the features of the historical development of the peoples of Eurasia, noticed to the fact that rapid social change on the continent associated with solar activity cycles , which are quite fully described by astronomers. (2) Following the specialists in the field of natural science, the scientist suggested that this relationship is natural . (3)<…>He put forward and developed the hypothesis that a sharp increase in solar activity favors that that on earth in abundance "passionaries" are born - people increased activity that promote social change and guide the historical movement of peoples.

1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) The main discovery of L.N. Gumilyov was that he was the first to see the connection between active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia.

2) L.N. Gumilyov drew attention to the fact that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are somehow connected with the cosmic energy of the galaxy.

3) L.N. Gumilyov, putting forward the hypothesis of "passionaries", explained the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth.

4) The peoples of Eurasia, according to L.N. Gumilyov, owe their historical development first of all, the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers.

5) Studying the features of the historical development of Eurasia, L.N. Gumilyov put forward the hypothesis of "passionaries", according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of solar activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Answer: 3 5

Task execution algorithm:

1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue that is raised in this text.

2. Determine the causal relationship between the sentences in the text.

3. Shorten the text by crossing out secondary information (various explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).

4. Transmit in one sentence the main information contained in the text.

5. Compare your text compression option (your sentence that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.

Try to concisely retell the text:

Let's compare the retelling with the options:

1. in the first version, emphasis is placed on the connection between active members of society - "passionaries" - and a number of historical events in Eurasia;
2. in the second version there is extra information that social changes and the strengthening of ethnic processes on Earth are associated with the cosmic energy of the galaxy;
3. in the third version, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is put forward, the connection between the cycles of solar activity and the intensification of socio-historical processes on Earth is explained, this is true;
4. in the fourth version, erroneous information is given that the peoples of Eurasia owe their historical development primarily to the cycles of solar activity, which are described in sufficient detail by astronomers;
5. in the fifth variant, the hypothesis of "passionaries" is correctly explained, according to which there is a relationship between the cycles of the Sun's activity and socio-historical processes on Earth.

Correct answers - 3 5

2. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).

But
because
Meanwhile
However
Furthermore,

Answer: 5

Task execution algorithm:

To correctly determine the word (combination of words) necessary for a given context:

1) Carefully read the test and understand the logic of the author's reasoning.

2) Determine what logical link in the author's reasoning is the sentence with the gap:

Does not indicate the cause of the described phenomena (hence, it is impossible to insert BECAUSE );

It is not an introductory phrase and does not indicate a mention of anything, (therefore, it is impossible to choose the place of the gap in the sense MEANWHILE );

It is used for opposition, emphasizing the contradiction (therefore, it is impossible to insert HOWEVER, BUT, BUT );

Used to indicate special importance subsequent phrase (therefore, in place of the gap in the meaning, you need to choose FURTHERMORE );

3) Perform the substitution, and then reread the resulting version again and make sure that you have correctly established a logical correspondence between the sentence with the gap and the one that precedes it.

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word DEVELOP. Determine in what sense this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

DEVELOP- I call, - you call, owls.

1) Strengthen, give something. strengthen, strengthen. R. interest in music.

2) Bring to a certain degree of spiritual maturity, consciousness, culture. R. child. Reading developed it.

3) Distribute, expand, deepen the content or application of something. R. idea. R. argumentation.

4) Do something. on a large scale, with all the energy to deploy sth. R. agitation. R. activity.

Answer: 3.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Read the assignment carefully.

2. Find the specified offer.

3. Include each of the proposed lexical interpretations instead of the word given for analysis.

4. Determine whether the sentence lost or did not lose its semantic integrity during the linguistic experiment:

If the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;

If the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is incorrect.

Word DEVELOP- I call, - you call, owls. used in the sense to spread, expand, deepen the content or application of something.

R. idea. R. argumentation.

4. In which word there is a mistake in setting the stress: INCORRECT is the letter for the stressed vowel highlighted? Write out this word.

adolescence

bleeding

vulgarize

Answer: vulgarize

Task execution algorithm:

It must be remembered: the mobility of Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task, so pay attention to the recommendations and repeat the words from the link.

1. In feminine past tense verbs, the stress, as a rule, falls on the ending A: I took, I took, I took, I took, I poured in, I burst in, I took it, I recreated, I drove, I chased, I got it, I got it, I waited, I waited, I took it, I locked it, I locked it, I called, I lied, I lila, I poured, I lied, I tore myself, I called As, I poured, narwhal, started, doused, hugged, overtook, skinned, departed, gave away, withdrew, withdrew, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, took off, created, plucked, removed.

Note:

The exception is feminine past tense verbs with the prefix YOU-, which pulls the stress on itself: poured out, called ;

For verbs to put, sneak, send, send, send, the stress in the feminine form of the past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending A, but remains on the basis: put, stole, sent, sent, sent.

5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

The jury reached a guilty verdict in the case.

Experiments have shown that when lightning strikes soil containing silicates and ORGANIC carbon, a ball of silicon and silicon carbide fibers is formed.

“He was a very HIDDEN person who knew how to keep silent,” the writer's contemporaries recalled.

Inside the Soviets, instead of democracy, the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks was established.

I am ready to forgive even cruelty if I see compassion COMING from the one who speaks about it.

Answer: hidden.

Paronyms are single-root words belonging to the same part of speech, similar in sound, but having different lexical meanings: addresser - addressee; ignorant - ignorant; put on - put on, etc.

Members of paronymic pairs

They have different lexical meanings;

Combine with different words.

ACCUSED- participle from ch. accuse, one who is found guilty. Usage examples: accused of stealing, accused of lying, accused of stealing Money accused of a crime, innocently accused, accused of murder.	accusatory- containing an accusation. Usage examples: accusatory speech, guilty verdict, indictment, indictment.
ORGANIC. 1. (special) Belonging to the plant or animal world, relating to living organisms. 2. Concerning the internal structure of a person, his body, his organs. 3. Concerning the very essence of something, root. 4. (trans.) Inherent in someone.	ORGANIC. Having deep roots in a personal or social organism, inherent in someone, something, not accidental, naturally arising from something; integral, inseparable.
SECRETIVE. Not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank. Synonym: closed. Antonyms: frank, sincere. Stealthy: ~th person; ~th person; ~th creature; ~th people; ~th character.	HIDDEN. Secret, not obvious. Antonym: obvious. Hidden: ~th meaning, hint; ~th enmity, irony, pain; ~th excitement, observation; ~th power; ~th temperament; ~th opportunities, reserves, thoughts, intrigues; ~th enemy.
DICTATION(ped.). Written work consisting in writing dictated text. Examples: class, control, visual, difficult, easy dictation	DICTAT- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one strong side and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by another, weak side. Examples: Roman dictate;
INITIAL- initial. Examples: starting point, level of knowledge	OUTGOING is a document flow term. Examples: outgoing number, document

The correct answer is " SECRETIVE”, not inclined to share his thoughts and experiences with others.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

WILL ERASE from the board

sing ZONCHE

in 150 meters

two pairs SOCKS

not SPEECHING not a word

Answer: uttering

Task execution algorithm:

To complete this task, you need a good knowledge of the theory.

1. The formation and use of the nominative and genitive plural of nouns (For most masculine nouns, in the initial form ending in a solid consonant ( orange, tomato, fly agaric, computer, sock ), characteristically ending -OV in the genitive plural form: oranges, tomatoes, fly agarics, computers, socks etc).

2. The use of numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred ( The numerals one and a half and one and a half hundred in all indirect cases, except for the accusative, have the form one and a half, one and a half hundred ).

3. Formation and use of degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

comparative adjective		Superlatives adjective
Suffixes: -EE, -E, -SHE STRONG HER LOUD E JUNIOR E	MORE LESS MORE PERSISTENT LESS DIFFICULT	Suffixes: -AYSH-, -EYSH- DEEP ASH ii NEZH H ASH ii	MOST MOST LEAST MOST KIND MOST DANGEROUS
Comparative degree of adverb		Superlative adverb
Suffixes -EE, -E, -SHE EXACT HER HIGH E TONSH E	MORE And LESS MORE EXACTLY MORE HIGH MORE THIN		Pronoun ALL + simple comparative degree MORE PRECISELY ALL ABOVE ALL THINER ALL

The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs differ from each other in syntactic functions in a sentence: the comparative degree of an adjective acts as a predicate of a personal sentence, a definition and, very rarely, a subject; the comparative degree of the adverb is in the role of a circumstance.

There is a mistake in the word " uttering". This is a gerund participle formed from a perfective verb. Perfective gerunds are formed by adding the suffix -in- to the basics of the infinitive into a vowel: push - pushing, come - stepping on, see - looking.

We also bring to your attention work program for the TMC Gusarova I.V. (basic and advanced levels) for grades 10-11.

From the fifth grade, you can already take it to work work program for the teaching materials of Albetkova R.I. in Russian literature.

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) incorrect use of the case form of a noun

with a pretext

B) incorrect sentence construction with adverbial turnover

C) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

D) incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech

D) violation in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members

SUGGESTIONS

1) In 1915, Charlie Chaplin participated in the Charlie Chaplin look-alike competition in San Francisco, but he not only did not win, but did not even make it to the final.

2) The student told his teacher that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

3) In Nekrasov's poem " Railway» presents a picture of folk life.

4) Turning back, it seemed to me that the dog was still following me, but there was no one.

5) Many years ago, here, in the very center of the village, there was a wooden church, and everyone who saw it admired the elegance of the building.

6) From June 1, commuter trains will depart according to the summer schedule.

7) The beast carefully made his way along the road leading to the village and along which he had already walked more than once.

8) A group of rescuers advanced towards a group of tourists.

9) All parcels sent abroad undergo strict epidemiological control.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer:

A.8. Errors related to the incorrect use of the CASE FORM of a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION.

B.4. Errors in the construction of sentences with gerunds.

A sentence is grammatically incorrect in which the action expressed by the verb-predicate and the action expressed by the participle are performed by different persons.

AT 5. Errors associated with a violation of the connection between SUBJECT and PREDICT.

In complex sentences built according to the model " THOSE WHO... », « EVERYONE WHO... ”, with the subject KTO, the verb-predicate is put in the singular, and with the subject TE (ALL), the verb-predicate is used in the plural.

D.2. Errors in the construction of sentences with INDIRECT SPEECH.

When translating direct speech into indirect in the subordinate part, it is unacceptable to use the personal pronoun “I”: pronouns and verbs in the form of the first person should be replaced by pronouns and verbs in the form of the third person.

D 7. Errors in the construction of sentences with HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS.

The error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members (Proposition 7) is that different syntactic constructions are included in a number of homogeneous members. Need: either two participial turnovers, or two homogeneous subordinate clauses.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

note..

friendly .. native (station)

ex..mother

Sat..Register

anal..gyny

Answer: hug

Task execution algorithm:

1) Choose test words for each word, remembering that among them there may be dictionary words, the unstressed vowel in the root of which requires memorization.

If you find words that have a checkable vowel in the root, or dictionary words, you can cross them out, as they will not be the correct answer

2) Read all the words carefully and find among them a word with an alternating vowel in the root:

GAR - GOR; ZAR - ZOR; CLAN - CLONE; TVAR - TVOR; LAG - LODGE; BIR - BER; PIR - PER; DIR - DER; TIR - TER; WORLD - MER; BLIST - SHINE; STEEL - STEL; YIG - ZHEG; CHIT - THUNDER; KAS - KOS A; (I) - MI (IN); RAST - RASH - ROS; SKAK - SKOCCH; MAC - IOC; EQUAL - ROVN; PLAV - PLOV; CHA - CHIN; MY - MIN; ZHA - PRESS; AE - NIM; KLYA - WEDGE.

It should be remembered:

1. Checked unstressed vowels in the root of the word

(in an unstressed position at the root of the word, the same vowel is written as under stress in cognate words or forms of this word: noteworthy - notice; save - carefully; analogous - analogy).

2. Alternating vowels at the root of the word (Hug - hug).

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.

pr .. miracle, pr .. back (interpret)

pr..mazh (with glue), pr..grandfather

not..bendable, ..give

voz..chalk, inter..grovoy

under .. yachiy, about .. ate

Answer: inflexible, surrender

To complete the task correctly, you need to know the following spelling rules:

Spelling of invariable prefixes: (always spelled the same. You need to know them “by sight”: in-, in-, vzo-, you-, before-, for-, iso-, on-, over-, it is necessary-, not-, under-, o-, about-, both-, re-, over- , under-, under-, pr-, pre-, pro-, dis-, s-, co- . In the word “smear” (with glue) write the prefix PRO-, and in the word “great-grandfather” - PRA-)

Spelling of variable prefixes ending in -3 and -FROM(the prefix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten with the letter Z if the root begins with a vowel or voiced consonant, and with the letter C if the root begins with a voiceless consonant (k, p, s, t - the word for remembering "KapuST": without-/bes-, air-/sun- (air-/sun-), from-/is-, down-/nis-, times-/races, roses-/rose-, through/through (through/through) ;

Spelling prefixes PRE- and AT-: (so as not to make a mistake in writing the prefix AT- or PRE- in a word, one should know their meaning. These prefixes are considered semantic, that is, the choice in their spelling is based on the meaning of the prefixes that they contribute to the lexical meaning of the word. So the root of the word "whim" is a morpheme -CHUD-: Quirk-Wonderful-Wonders. ... The semantics (meaning) of the prefix PRI- in the word is unclear, so we remember the spelling of this prefix in this word. And in the word "misinterpret" the choice of prefix depends on the lexical meaning of the word. Words with prefixes PRE- / PRI-, which are pronounced the same, but have different lexical meanings that determine the choice of prefix: in this case, “false, distorted”, so we choose the prefix PRE-);

Spelling I, Y after prefixes (if the prefix ends in a consonant, then And root changes to S: the game- draw , famous - unknown , story - backstory .

But, after the prefixes of inter-, super- and foreign language prefixes dez-, counter-, post-, sub-, super-, trans-, pan- And it does not change: ultra-refined, inter-institutional, disinfection, counter-play, post-impressionism, trans-Indian, pan-Islamism.

excl.: charge);

Spelling separators Kommersant and b characters (separating Kommersant written only after consonant prefixes before letters e, yo, yu, i, denoting two sounds (the sound [th '] appears): entrance, overeat. Inside the word, before the letters e, yo, i, yu, i(not after the prefix!): curtain, serious, nightingale, blizzard, peasant, clerk (cf. clerk), etc. write b).

In the words "unbending" and "surrender" the prefix is ​​missing FROM-. No prefix Z-. The prefix C- does not change. Formally, the prefix C- is used in combinations Sat, sg, sd, szh, sk, mid.

10. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.

koch..vat

suede..out

eclipse

thoughtful .. out

Answer: Thoughtful

This is an adjective, the spelling is in the suffix. Adjective suffixes –LIV-, -CHIV-, are always written with the letter I.

Adjectives have suffixes -A LION-,-CHEV- can not be.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Determine in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.

2) If the vowel is omitted at the end, then use the indefinite form of the verb to establish its conjugation:

vowels are written in the personal endings of the verbs of the first conjugation E, U ;

vowels are written in the personal endings of verbs of the second conjugation I, A (I) .

3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:

missing vowel in participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) .

omitted vowel before participle suffix vsh, nn.

4) Spelling participle suffixes ush, yusch, ash, yashch, im, eat (om) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:

In participles formed from verbs of the I conjugation, suffixes are written ush, yusch, em (om) ;

In participles formed from verbs of the II conjugation, suffixes are written ash, ash, im.

5) Vowel spelling before participle suffixes vsh and nn depends on the at - yat or it - et the indefinite form of the original verb ends:

if the original verb ends in at or yat, then before nn in the passive participles of the past tense, the vowel a (ya) is preserved;

if the original verb ends in it or et , then before nn only written e ;

before the suffix vsh the same vowel is retained as before the ending be in an indefinite form.

Help: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (THEY do what? THEY do what?) ending -ut-ut - verb 1 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter E ,

The ending - at-yat - verb 2 conjugation - in the endings you should write a letter And .

11. Write down the word in which the letter Y is written in place of the gap.

hopeful

(they) offended..tsya

(patients) recover..t

sealed

(they) sit..t

Answer: offended

This is a verb derived from the verb "OFFEND" relating to the second conjugation. See table:

Conjugation of verbs

II conjugation	I conjugation	Heterogeneous
1) All verbs in -it, Besides shave and lay . 2) and 11 more verbs: Drive, hold breathe, offend. Hear, see, hate. Depend and endure. And also watch, turn . You remember, friends, them on -E- cannot be hidden.	1) all other verbs, except for non-conjugated ones; 2) plus verbs shave and lay	to want, run, honor

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written CLEARLY.

Open the brackets and write out this word.

We lived in poverty, constantly (NOT) EATING, exchanged for food those things that we brought with us.

My trained eye determined that the area was (NOT) DIVINED, but I still decided to look for at least some signs of human presence.

It is still far (NOT) CLEAR whether such an evaluation criterion is applicable to everyone and to the same extent.

The zoo accepts (NOT) SOLD-OUT fruits for the New Year, which will be enjoyed by elephants, kangaroos, bears and artiodactyls.

She is an amazing Russian actress, he is an (UN)KNOWN genius teacher, and both are true servants of the theater.

Answer: Undernourished, because.:

UNDER-- a complex prefix indicating incompleteness, lack of action or quality, for example, underdeveloped, underdeveloped, underdeveloped . It consists of two independently used elements: prefixes before- denoting the achievement of the goal, bringing the action to the end ( to eat, to reach, to finish reading, to live ), and particles not-, which negates what "before" means ( miss, miss …).

Verbs with UNDER- The incompleteness of the action, manifested in the absence of a sufficient norm, is connected in verbs

1) with a lack of quantity of something ( underestimate, underestimate underestimate, underestimate ),

2) with a lack of length of something in time ( undersleep, undersleep, undersleep, undersleep ),

3) with an insufficient degree of intensity of action ( overlooked, overlooked, overlooked, overlooked ).

The most numerous is the first group of verbs. Among verbs with UNDER- there are those without NOT not used (n misunderstand, misunderstand, underutilize, underestimate, dislike, underhear, perplex, miss… ) Verbs to harass, to understand, to use up, to underestimate, to love, to hear, to understand, to count ... absent in the language.

It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:

		Separately
	If the word without NOT is not used: indignant, indignant, indignant, fiction	If there is a contrast with the union a Not true, but a lie
	If you can replace with synonyms without NOT: not wide - narrow	If at the word with NOT there are words far, at all, not at all, not at all, by no means a beauty
	There is NO preposition between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one	With verbs and gerunds: didn't know, didn't know
		with prefixes not + before not completed do not watch the movie, do not take home She did not finish and fell silent.
		With short participles: not_ closed
		Pronouns HAVE a preposition With no one, with no one
Exceptions: not in measure, not as an example, not for good, not for haste, not to taste, not within the power, not to the inside, not from the hand, etc .; b) neither give nor take, neither be nor me, neither here nor there, neither light nor dawn, for nothing not about anything, not a bottom, not a tire, not for a sniff of tobacco, not for a penny, etc. not one (no one) - not one (many), never (never) - more than once (often).

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are writtenONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

Evidence research (BECAUSE OF preceded by the disclosure of the documents formulating the accusation, and ALSO) discussion of the procedure for examining evidence.

Nihilistic philosophy does not allow any (SUPER)PERSONAL values ​​on which the individual could rely, TO) justify your existence.

(FIRSTLY , everything should be fair, so you need to share the booty (EQUALLY .

(DESPITE to the hostility of critics, Turgenev was extremely popular among Russian readers: his novels enjoyed great fame even ( AT FIRST XX century.

The theater was (WHITE) STONE building with a high porch and AS (SAME) tall oak doors.

Answer: superpersonal, to

Adjective " SUPER PERSONAL » is written together, because

The first part of the compound adjective " IN EXCESS OF » enters the value of exceeding the usual measure, limit;

Word " TO " is a union, it can be replaced by a synonym.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.

2) Determine which part of speech the underlined word belongs to.

Unions so that, also, also, but, moreover, moreover, so, because are written together; they can be replaced by synonyms of the same part of speech.

Words of other parts of speech similar to these unions in sound what would, the same, the same, for that, at that, at what, and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (or would) can either be removed from the sentence or rearranged to another place; another component ( that, that, than, so, that ) to be replaced with other words.

Derivative prepositions are written together: DUE TO = due to , IN VIEW = due to , ABOUT = about , TOGETHER = to , IN SPITE OF = despite .

Derivative prepositions are written separately: DURING = CONTINUED, UNLIKE, FINALLY , FOR .

For continuous, hyphenated or separate spelling of adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.

Derivative prepositions - during E: No news for a year. (time value)

Nouns with prepositions - during And(what?) rivers. She spoke for an hour. See the continuation And(what?) series. In contrast E from others (used with from). As a result E= due to

Nouns with prepositions - go up (refer to the verb),

Climb to the top of the mountain.

Participles with negation

Despite the rain, we left the city (although it was raining). Despite the bad weather, we went hiking.

14. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written HH.

The young officers appointed (1) to the regiment were spoiled (2) with a gentle attitude towards them during the training period and completely (3) did not know anything about the true (4) life of ordinary soldiers.

Answer: 1,3,4.

The word "appointed" is a passive past participle should be written HH

1. The word "spoiled" is a short form (except for the masculine form) of an adjective with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn

2. The word "True" - HH - because it is formed at the junction of a stem ending in the letter H, and suffix H

Reasoning algorithm:

1 Determine which part of speech the word with the missing letter belongs to;

2.Apply spelling rule H and HH in the suffix of this part of speech.

Noun: NN

1. If the root of the word ends in H , and the suffix starts with H: raspberry(raspberry)

2.If noun. formed from adj., having HH, or from participle: soreness (painful), spoiled (spoiled)

3. Remember: dowry

1. In words formed from nouns that have suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : peat bog (from noun peat)

2. In words formed from adj. with one H : student (from adj. scientist), martyr, laborer

3. In words: purple (crimson), hemp (hemp), dumpling (boiled), smoked meats (smoked), bone (bone), sophistication (tricky), Shrovetide (oily), fescue (oatmeal), hotel (living room), woodcutter (wood), cleverness (intelligent), great martyr

Adjective:

1. n. -H+ -H -: pocket

2. -HE N- , -ENN- : commission, cranberry! windless

3. exceptions with -YANN-: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN

Youths (young naturalists)

4. -IN- : goose , exception WINDY (day, person)

5. -AN- (-YAN-) : leather Remember: young; crimson, ruddy, zealous, drunken, spicy (historical suf. - YAN- ); lamb, pork, blue, green, uniform, vigorous .

In short adjectives, the same number is written n, how much and in full

foggy distance - foggy distance, windy girl - windy girl

Participles:

Н - НН IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICIPLES AND VERBAL ADJECTIVES

1. There is a prefix: sifted flour (except prefix not-)

But: wholemeal flour

1. There is a prefix not-: wholemeal flour

2. No ¬, but there is AP: sifted flour

3. No ¬: seed flour

4. have a suffix -ova-/-eva-: pickles

Exceptions: forged, chewed, pecked (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)

5. Formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb:

A solved problem (to decide - what to do?) But: a wounded soldier, wounded in the leg! Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks.

Women immediately hung up what was washed. (Suffering. adverb, since they retain the verbal meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., windless

Exception: wounded, windy

6. The same words in their direct meaning will be participles: titled play, finished work.

7. When the participle turns into an adjective, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, named brother, imprisoned father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, finished man.

Exceptions: cutesy, desired, unheard of, unseen, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, done, slow, awake, conceited, chased.

8. Spelling does not change as part of compound words: golden-woven, broken-broken, The word everything as a whole matters adj. (high quality), not the value of "adj. + communion.

9. Brief participles: spoiled girl

SHOULD BE DISTINCTIVE

short adjective

The girl is brought up (herself is a short adjective). Can be replaced by a full adjective: educated.

Brief Communion

The girl was brought up in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short adverb. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up.

Impl. ? cr. moreover

The matter is considered (what?) from all sides. Thoughtful - predicate.

15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) His relatives and colleagues and numerous friends came to congratulate the hero of the day.

2) The romantic hero finds an equal beginning only in communion with the elements: with the world of the ocean or sea, mountains or coastal rocks.

3) In the excerpt from Bunin's "Antonov apples" one feels not so much the author's desire to be a landowner as the desire to be free from petty matters.

4) The constant movement of aspiration to other limits is the essence of creative life, and Pasternak wrote about this in one of his poems.

5) In the morning, the east lit up with a blush and small clouds turned into a delicate color.

Answer: 2.3

2-sentence - repeated union OR with homogeneous members.

3rd sentence - union " as much as', which expresses collation under constraint; the same as " not to the extent...". The punctuation mark is placed between the parts of the sentence (before the second part of the union).

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find homogeneous members in the sentence.

2. Determine which unions connect them:

if it is a single connecting or dividing union (and, or, either, yes (= and) , do not put a comma before it;

if it is a double union ( as ..., and; not so much ... as; not only but; though... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double union;

If these are repeated unions, then a comma is placed only before those of them that are between homogeneous members;

A comma is always placed before opposing unions between homogeneous members.

3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between the paired groups and there is only one.

16. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Mathematics (1) originated in Ancient Greece (2) has two "parents" - logic and geometry, therefore (3) without understanding (4) the nature of the "parents" (5) its essence cannot be understood.

Answer: a) 1,2 - participle turnover after the word being defined, b)3,4- gerund (single)

Reasoning algorithm:

The participial phrase answers questions which? which? which? what kind?;

The participle answers questions having done what? doing what? And denotes an additional action with a verb - a predicate; adverbial phrase answers questions as? when? why?

* punctuation in participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;

* the adverbial turnover is always distinguished in writing by commas;

* Homogeneous definitions and circumstances expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single union AND, are not separated by a comma.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Find participial and adverbial phrases in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.

2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial turnover occupies ( BEFORE- not separated by commas. AFTER the defined word - highlighted

3) Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members with the union AND, expressed by participial or participial phrases. A comma is not put before the union And.

Difficult cases of punctuation in participles and participles.

	Participial	Participial turnover.
	stands out participial turnover, which has the meaning of reason or concession: Connected with the great poet by cordial friendship, Zhukovsky was very upset by his death (he was worried because he was connected by friendship - the meaning of the reason).	Not highlighted single adverbs after the predicate, if they are circumstances of the mode of action, and also close in function to adverbs: He walked limping. Reading lying down is harmful.
	Not separated by comma homogeneous participial and participle turnovers connected by a single connecting or dividing union: The disinterestedness of Pletnev, who worked in the name of the greatness of Russian literature and understood the uniqueness of Pushkin's phenomenon, is striking. They walked, looking around warily and not saying a word.
	Expressions with words are not highlighted STARTING FROM, STARTING FROM(they can be omitted without prejudice to the meaning): We start work STARTING next week. Phraseologisms that include adverbial phrases are not distinguished: They listened to his story WITH HOLDING THE BREATH.

17. Put in all the missing punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in sentences.

Winds (1) winds (2) o snowy (3) winds (4)

Notice my past life.

I want to be a child of light

Or a flower from the meadow border.

I (5) would like (6) under horse snores

Hug with a neighboring bush.

Raise w (7) you (8) moon paws (9)

My sadness in heaven with a bucket.

(S. Yesenin)

Answer: 1,2,4 - this is an appeal

8.9 is an appeal

Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of ​​the syntactic construction. Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.

Reasoning algorithm:

1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.

Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.

Homonymous with the introductory words, the members of the sentence cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic construction; they are not separated by commas.

Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the end, it seems to be, hardly, anyway, after all, even, exactly, sometimes, as it were, besides, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely, probably, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, let, decisively, nevertheless, only, supposedly.

18. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

It was as if Chekhov did not know how to keep in focus for a long time the pattern of life (1) the essence (2) of which (3) his genius snatched everywhere (4) so ​​he became a master of short stories.

Answer: 1,4 - adnexal clauses are separated

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Find the grammatical foundations of the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.

3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to identify an incorrectly found solution or, conversely, confirm the correct choice.

Remember! As a rule, complex sentences are presented in this task. with adjectives, in them conjunction word which stands not at the beginning of the subordinate part, but in the middle of it, therefore A comma is not placed before the allied word. (1. Eliminate the numbers around the word "which"

4. Attention to the union And). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.

19. Arrange all punctuation marks. Indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

How nice it is to look at a ship with white sails from afar (1) and (2) when you get into this web of gear (3) from which (4) there is no passage (5) and you see everything from the inside (6) you immediately recognize the superiority of the steamer over the sailboat.

Answer: put commas

3 - the subordinate clause ends, a new one begins

5-between parts of a complex sentence

6-ended clause

Reasoning algorithm:

1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.

2. Define the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex syntactic construction.

3. See how these parts are connected.

4. Find out if the offer contains Union And , and if it is present in the sentence, determine what it connects:

· if homogeneous members, then there is a comma before it not put;

· if parts of a complex sentence, then in front of him a comma is placed.

5. Find 2 unions side by side: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so that if, and when:

A comma between unions is NOT put if words go further in the sentence then yes, but

A comma is placed between unions, if not THAT, YES, BUT

Read the text and complete tasks 20–24.

(1) The sky was covered with evil clouds, the rain sadly beat on the glass and made me sad. (2) In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, he stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the weeping sky. - (4) What is she? (5) Some kind of book with a mass of pages on which more suffering and grief are written than joys ... (6) Why was it given to us? (7) After all, God, good and omnipotent, did not create the world for sorrows! (8) And it turns out the other way around. (9) There are more tears than laughter ... "

(10) Judas took his right hand out of his pocket and scratched the back of his head.

(11) “Yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one asks, for what?

(15) He took out his left hand and mournfully passed it over his face.

(16) “But how easy it would be to help people’s grief: you just have to lift a finger.” (17 Here, for example, there is a rich funeral procession. a mile away a line of carriages. (19) Torchbearers importantly act with lanterns. (20) Cardboard coats of arms dangle on horses: they bury an important person, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life? (22) Did you warm the poor man? (23) Of course not ... tinsel!

- (24) What do you want, Semyon Ivanovich?

- (25) Yes, I find it difficult to evaluate the costume. (26) In my opinion, you can’t give more than six rubles for it. (27) And she asks for seven; says the kids are sick, they need to be treated.

- (28) And six rubles will be a bit much. (29) Do not give more than five, otherwise we will burn out like that. (30) Just take a good look around, if there are any holes and if there are spots left where ... (31) “Well, sir, so here it is - life that makes you think about human nature. (32) Behind a rich hearse stretches a cart, onto which a pine coffin is piled. (33) Behind her weaving, slapping through the mud, only one old woman. (34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner son in the grave ... (35) And ask if that lady who is sitting in the carriage will give her at least a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although he may express his condolences ... (37) What else is there?

- (38) The old woman brought a fur coat ... how much to give?

- (39) Rabbit fur ... (40) Nothing, strong, it costs five rubles. (41) Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, is forward ... (42) “Where, in fact, are people, where are their hearts? (43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t care ... "

(44) Judas pressed his forehead against the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

(according to A.P. Chekhov*)

* Alexander Pavlovich Chekhov (1855–1913) - Russian writer, prose writer, publicist, older brother of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Polikarp Semenovich Iudin - one of the ordinary employees of the city pawnshop.

2) The woman who took the suit to the pawnshop had sick children.

3) In the city pawnshop of Judah, interest is taken forward.

4) The owner of the city pawnshop is worried about the fate of the people, so he is ready to do charity work.

5) One old woman went to a pawnshop to hand over a hare coat, as she was very poor and she needed money for a funeral.

To complete the task, use the following algorithm:

Read the text carefully

Find in it a confirmation or refutation of a particular statement

・Choose the correct answers

Consider how you can apply this algorithm to perform this task.

The first answer is unfaithful, because Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin is the owner of the city pawnshop (offer No. 2)

The assertion made in the fourth variant of the answer, is directly opposite to what the author says in the text itself. So this answer wrong.

In the fifth version the answer contains only part of the correct information (the old woman was poor), but she did not need money for the funeral

So answer number 5 is also incorrect.

Statement No. 2 is correct: “He says that the kids are sick, they need to be treated” (sentence 27). it loyal answer.

Statement No. 3 is correct: “Give me three rubles, and the interest, of course, is forward ...” (sentence No. 41). This loyal answer.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 2.3

21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

2) Sentences 11-14 present the narrative.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated

in sentences 21–22.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

Task execution algorithm:

Read carefully the suggested passages;

Remember that the description shows, describes.

Varieties of description:

1) description of an object, person (his characteristic)

2) description of the place

3) description of the state of the environment

4) description of the state of the person (person)

5) description of actions

The story tells about the actions, deeds of the hero. We can trace a series of events that follow each other (was, is, will be).

reasoning is built according to the scheme: thesis, proof, conclusion.

Attention! Not always in the passage there is a pronounced thesis. But if there is an explanation, a discussion of any event, phenomenon, then this discussion, not storytelling. The presence of rhetorical questions and rhetorical exclamations, introductory words will tell you that this is reasoning.

Determine what type of speech each fragment belongs to

Let's try to apply this algorithm.

1) Sentence 2 contains a description.

“In a thoughtful pose, with his vest unbuttoned and his hands in his pockets, he stood at the window and looked at the gloomy street, the owner of the city pawnshop, Polikarp Semyonovich Iudin.”

The fragment describes the pose, clothing. We "see" this hero.

So this correct answer

2) Sentences 11-14 present the narrative.

(11) “Yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are. (12) They were created by humanity itself. (13) It itself gave rise to this scourge. (14) And for what, one asks, for what?

This answer incorrect. In this passage, the hero talks about the universe, poverty, humanity. It has introductory word, rhetorical question. So, uh then reasoning.

3) Proposition 23 contains the answer to the question formulated in Propositions 21–22.

(21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life? (22) Did you warm the poor? (23) Of course not ... tinsel! Question, question and answer. it correct answer.

4) Sentences 34–36 present reasoning.

(34) This old woman, perhaps, is putting her breadwinner son in the grave ... (35) And ask if that lady who is sitting in the carriage will give her at least a penny? (36) Of course, he won’t, although he may express his condolences ...

This is the correct answer. The hero talks about kindness, condolences. We observe in this fragment introductory words, a rhetorical question.

5) Sentence 45 explains the reason for what is said in sentence 44.

(44) Judas pressed his forehead against the cold glass and thought. (45) Large, shiny, crocodile tears appeared in his eyes.

A series of actions: he pressed his forehead, thought, tears came out. So this answer incorrect, this is narration.

Therefore, the correct answer is: 134

22. From sentences 39–45 write out antonyms (antonymic pair).

Task execution algorithm:

1. Remember what antonyms are.

Antonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, differing in spelling and sound, and meaning directly opposite concepts.

Do not forget about contextual antonyms, which are an individual stylistic use of a particular word ... In general use, these words do not stand in antonymous relations to each other. So, in the context of A. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", the words "wave" and "stone", "poetry" and "prose", "ice" and "flame" are antonyms..

3. Determine the specified lexical unit

4. Choose the correct answer

(43) The poor are dying, but the rich don’t care ... "

These are nouns with the opposite lexical meaning.

Therefore, we write out: the poor, the rich

23. Among sentences 15-23, find one (s) that is (s) connected with the previous one using a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

Reasoning algorithm:

Recall what conjunctions are (coordinating and subordinating)

1. Find a coordinating union

2. Remember the ranks of pronouns

3. Find a personal pronoun

4. See which sentence has both a coordinating conjunction and a personal pronoun

Coordinating conjunctions

Connecting and, yes(=and), no-no, too, also

opposing but, but, yes (= but), but, however, the same

Dividing or, either, something, or ... or, not that ... not that

Personal pronouns (initial form)

	Unit hours / many h.
	he, she, it/they

Case forms

			He she it
			Him, her, him
			Him, her, him
			Him, her, him
			Him, her, them
			About him, about her, about him

Attention! Case forms of personal pronouns HER, HIS, THEM match with possessive pronouns HER, HIS, THEM. How to distinguish?

By initial form and question:

saw (who?) her, him, them .

Initial form: she, he, it, they.

Therefore, it is a personal pronoun.

Her, him, them books (R. p.).

Initial form: her, him, them books.

Books (whose?) her, him, them.

Therefore, they are possessive pronouns.

(20) Cardboard emblems dangle on horses: an important person is being buried, the dignitary must have died. (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life?

24. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed in tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number

Chekhov's stories are compact in form and deep in content, and the author avoids direct value judgments - his voice sounds low, but at the same time firm and distinct. This is facilitated by a complex composition and, of course, a competent selection of visual and expressive means. In the presented fragment, it is worth noting the trope - (A) __________ (“evil clouds” in sentence 1, “gloomy street” in sentence 2), the lexical means - (B) __________ (“hang out” in sentence 20, “burn out” in sentence 29 , “weaves, spanking ...” in sentence 33), the syntactic means is (B) __________ (sentences 3, 14, 21). It is worth paying attention to such a technique as (D) __________ (sentence 11), which becomes, perhaps, one of the main ones in the construction of this text.

List of terms

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

Reasoning algorithm:

We divide all terms into 3 groups

There is a hint in the first question:mark trail.

trails - words and expressions used by the author of the text in a figurative sense.

We recall the tropes: personification, epithet, comparison, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, litote, irony, paraphrase.

We look at which of them are in the list of terms: epithet, synecdoche, hyperbole - this is first group

We recall the definitions: Hyperbole is an excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object. Synecdoche is a kind of metonymy when the name of a part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa. An epithet is a figurative, emotionally evaluative definition.

Hyperbole and synecdoche do not fit.

« Evil clouds», « gloomy street"- this is a figurative, emotional-evaluative definition, expressed by an adjective.

Therefore, this epithet.

In the second task, we are talking about lexical means.

We add to our list: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, neologisms, archaisms, historicisms, phraseological units, aphorisms, dialectisms, professionalisms, colloquial vocabulary.

The list of terms includes: Phraseologisms - a stable combination of words, the meaning of which is determined as a whole, and not by the meaning of the individual words included in it.

Colloquial vocabulary gives speech the character of ease and some reduction (rudeness, familiarity, playfulness).

Phraseological units and colloquial vocabulary are second group

• The words “hang out”, “burn out”, “weaves, spanking ...” refer to colloquial vocabulary.

Therefore, the answer is: #4

In task "B" they ask about the syntactic means.

• We recall the syntactic means of expression, and look at what is in the list of terms:

antithesis, inversion, gradation, oxymoron, parcellation, anaphora, epiphora, rhetorical question, interrogative sentences, rhetorical appeal, ellipsis, lexical repetition, question-answer form, syntactic parallelism, homogeneous members of a sentence.

• The list of terms includes:

Antithesis - a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images.

Interrogative sentences - a question that is posed in order to obtain an answer.

Lexical repetition is the intentional repetition of the same word or phrase.

Homogeneous members of the sentence - enumerated actions, objects, signs.

Antithesis, interrogative sentences, lexical repetition. homogeneous members of the proposal - this is the third group.

(3) “Well, what is our life? - he reasoned in unison with the weeping sky. - (4) What is she? (21) Has he done at least one good deed in his whole life?

These are interrogative sentences.

Hence, answer #6

Task "G" I propose to perform by the method of elimination.

1) phraseological units

2) antithesis

3) epithets

4) colloquial vocabulary

5) rows of homogeneous members of the proposal

6) interrogative sentences

7) lexical repetition

8) hyperbole

9) synecdoche

(11) “Well, yes,” he continued thoughtfully, “in terms of the universe, obviously, there was no poverty, venality and shame, but in reality they are.

The text is built on opposition. The thoughts and deeds of the hero of the story are contrasted.

Therefore, answer "No. 2

We fill in the table: A- 3, B- 4, C- 6, D- 2

25. Write an essay based on the text you read.

State one of the problems delivered the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).

Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the original text without any

Punctuation marks with isolated members of a sentence (generalization)

Spelling of personal verb endings and participle suffixes

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connection

Continuous and separate spelling NOT with different parts of speech

Continuous, hyphenated, separate spelling of words of various parts of speech

Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech (except -Н-/-НН-)

Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence

Information processing of texts of various styles and genres

Part C. Information processing of texts of various styles and genres. Creation of texts of various styles and functional and semantic types of speech

Text as a speech product. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text

Although the main focus on final exams is done on the ability to apply the skills acquired at school in practice, for successful passing the exam knowledge of the theory will also be required in the Russian language. It is necessary not only to memorize all the rules, but also to be able to use them.

What will be required when passing the exam?

To complete tasks in the Russian language, you need to use the entire amount of knowledge gained over the years of schooling. You need to know the following theory:

• Spelling of individual parts of the word (roots, prefixes, suffixes, endings).
• Arrangement of punctuation marks in simple and complex sentences, to highlight words, in other cases.
• Grammatical, morphological, syntactic, orthoepic norms.
• Synonyms, homonyms and antonyms.
• Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of words.
• Spelling "not" and "neither".
• Lexical meaning of words.
• Information processing and creation of texts of various styles.
• Text analysis.

How to prepare for the exam

Self-preparation for the exam includes the study of the rules of the Russian language and their application when performing exercises. It is not enough to learn definitions, rules and exceptions: it is important to apply them correctly. At the same time, one cannot do without completely studying the theory of the Russian language: attempts to guess the correct spelling of words or punctuation do not lead to the desired result and do not help to acquire knowledge.

Always start with theory. Each training task is designed to test knowledge of a certain section of the theory. It is necessary to repeat it, paying especially close attention to exceptions, and then put it into practice when performing exercises.

• Do not be afraid of a large number of rules. Almost all of them are well known to graduates, the skill of their application has been brought to automaticity. In many cases, the study of theory is necessary only to refresh and structure knowledge.
• In the process of self-preparation for the exam, you may find typical mistakes. This indicates certain gaps in knowledge. A thoughtful study of theory in preparation for the exam allows you to fill in these gaps, so you should not neglect reading the rules.
• There is no need to memorize all the wording verbatim, it is much more important to understand the essence. This understanding is the basis of literate writing and literate speech. Study examples, pay attention to patterns.
• Be sure to apply the knowledge gained in practice! Endless exercises quickly get boring, but it is these trainings that help bring skills to automatism, learn how to apply knowledge without even thinking about it.

Exam preparation is a long process. It is advisable to study the theory at the beginning of the academic year, and then move on to practical exercises. If you encounter difficulties, return to the learned rules, repeat them.

We wish you successful passing of the exam in the Russian language!

The USE in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.

First part represents 24 tasks. They can be test, the choice of one or more answers, open type (enter the pass yourself).

The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

The tasks of part 1 check the assimilation of educational material by graduates both on the basic and on high levels difficulty (tasks 7, 23–24).

The second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.

The task of part 2 (task 25 - composition) can be completed by the examinee at any level of complexity (basic, advanced, high).

210 minutes - 3.5 hours are given for work.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Job type
1 part	24	33	Short answer
part 2	1	24	Detailed response
Total	25	57

Scattering by tasks

Below I will give the "cost" of each task performed.

For the correct completion of each task first part (except tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examiner receives 1 point each. For an incorrect answer or its absence, 0 points are set.

For completing tasks 1 and 15, from 0 to 2 points can be set.

The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.

Task 7 can be assigned from 0 to 5 points.

For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one mistake was made; 3 points: two mistakes were made; 2 points: two numbers are correctly indicated; 1 point: correctly indicated only one number 0 points: completely wrong answer, i.e. wrong sequence of numbers or none.

Task 24 can be assigned from 0 to 4 points. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.

The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he correctly completed the task second part , is 24 points.

For the correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can get the maximum 57 primary points .

The authors of the articles are professional tutors I.M. Khrapova, T.V. Vorontsova and O.V. Gushchina

How to prepare for the exam in the Russian language? So you open a collection of typical test tasks for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language and understand that you managed to forget something, but you didn’t hear about something at all. Then you pick up a voluminous manual and understand that you don’t know on which page, in which section to look for information. How to combine theory and practice?

We offer you a short and effective path to success. We have analyzed for you separately each task of the exam in the Russian language. In each article you will find theoretical material, which contains only what is necessary and sufficient to complete the tasks of the exam in Russian. we give you an algorithm for completing exam tasks. We will tell you what traps you can expect in a particular task. The material to be learned by heart is presented in the form of hint tables.

Master test tasks in order, from 1 to 26. You will notice that in subsequent tasks you build on the knowledge gained earlier. Consider our materials as a guide-instruction, constantly refer to them when solving USE tests in the Russian language.

What is the Unified State Examination in the Russian Unified State Examination. What are the requirements and criteria. What is KIM?

December essay on the Unified State Examination in the Russian language 2019-2020

How to prepare for the December essay - 2018?

Video course on Russian language and literature "December composition 2014".

AT this course the most winning topics of the December essay are described and the technology of its writing is disclosed. You will learn how to guarantee and with minimal time to get high results in the essay.
The author of the video course is the leading teacher of the Russian language and literature of the EGE-Studio company, candidate of philological sciences Tatyana Vladimirovna Vorontsova.