Class: 8

Lesson Objectives:

by geography:

- consolidate knowledge of the natural resources of the Russian Plain;
- to instill practical skills in finding a mutually acceptable compromise between nature and society as a whole;

in informatics:

- to develop the ability to work with information and communication technologies;

Lesson objectives:

• develop the ability to work independently, compose material, analyze it and protect it;
• see the practical implementation of the studied material;
• develop communication skills, the ability to lead a discussion, give arguments in favor of various versions, prove one’s point of view express your thoughts concisely and clearly;

Type: interactive integrated lesson of geography and informatics.

Form: business game "Process".

Method: study project and study study

Hardware and software:

– maps: physical, soil, natural zones of Russia, ecological situation in Russia;
- interactive board,
- multimedia presentations.

The class is divided into three groups:

1. “For” – in favor of increasing the use of natural resources;

2. "Against" - opposes the increase in the use of natural resources;

3. "Experts" who have to draw a conclusion.

Previously, each group was given a task on one of the following topics:

• biological resources;
• soil resources;
• recreational resources;
• water resources.

Experts complete the table:

The East European Plain is a flat terrain, favorable climatic conditions, fertile steppes and vast forests. All this contributed to the settlement and development of the plain from ancient times. Now about 60% of the population of Russia lives here, most of the cities and workers' settlements are located. Here is the capital of our Motherland - Moscow, the northern capital - St. Petersburg.

Here we live and we are with you.

We know that the East European Plain is rich in various natural resources: mineral, water, agro-climatic, biological and recreational. But, despite all these riches, given the high population density of this area, there is a constant shortage of consumer goods and agricultural products. products. To solve this problem, many options are offered. One of them: To increase the extraction and use of the natural resources of the East European Plain.

“For” Leader. The East European Plain is rich in mineral resources. And therefore, the more we use them, the better the economy of our country will develop.

Opponent "For". The East European Plain is rich in mineral resources. The crystalline basement and sedimentary cover of the platform contain such mineral reserves that are important for our country, but also of global importance. First of all, these are rich iron ore deposits of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), Pechora coal basin, brown coal basin near Moscow, apatite-nepheline ores of the Kola Peninsula, oil shale is mined in the Leningrad Region and near the city of Samara on the Volga, oil is the Volga-Ural field , the north-east of the country and a new deposit was discovered in the Yaroslavl region; there is gas. Ore minerals are also known in sedimentary rocks: brown iron ore near the city of Lipetsk, aluminum ores near the city of Tikhvin.

Salt is mined on the plain in the lakes Baskunchak and Elton, potash salt is mined in the Kama Cis-Urals. Construction Materials: sands, gravel, clay, limestone - distributed almost everywhere.

All these deposits are located in well developed areas. Which allows an increase in the production of raw materials ( Presentation #1 ).

"Against". Leading. We oppose the increase in mining in the plains and present our arguments.

"Against". Opponent. When mining, there is a violation of the land, because. their fertile layer is destroyed, new landforms are created. With the mining method of mining, large areas are occupied by waste rock dumps, landslides are formed (an example is the area around the city of Nelidovo).

In areas of open mining, quarries are formed on the surface of the earth. Sometimes these are vast basins with a depth of 100-200 meters or more. There are many disturbed lands in the areas of development of building raw materials and peat. And although now these lands are being reclaimed: that is, reservoirs are created at the site of quarries, dumps are leveled and these lands are returned to agricultural and forestry use. This does not justify increasing their production ( Presentation #2 ).

"Per". Leading. The East European Plain is rich in water resources. And we propose to increase their use.

"Per". Opponent. On the Russian Plain, such large rivers as the Volga, Don, Pechora, Northern Dvina, Western Dvina, Dnieper flow begin on the Valdai Upland.

There are many lakes: Ladoga, Seliger, Chudskoye, Ilmen and many small ones.

The rivers are rich in water resources. These are cascades of hydroelectric power stations on the Volga and Kama rivers.

The reservoirs that are created at the hydroelectric power station are used for many purposes.

The waters of the Don and Volga rivers are used for irrigation.

Thanks to the system of modern canals: the Volga-Baltic, White Sea-Baltic, Volga-Don, as well as the Moscow-Volga canal, the city of Moscow, located on the small river Moscow and relatively far from the seas, has become a port of five seas ( Presentation #3 ).

"Per". Leading. Considering all this, there will be a huge benefit from the greater use of the water and hydroelectric resources of the plain.

"Against". Leading. All this is correct. But you forgot that as a result of economic use, the waters of rivers and lakes are already heavily polluted.

"Against". Opponent. As a result economic use The waters of rivers and lakes are heavily polluted.

It should also be remembered that during the construction of the cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Volga, vast areas of fertile lands, floodplain meadows were flooded, dozens of hectares of forest were flooded. And at the same time, dozens of settlements and cities (the city of Mologa) remained under water. In addition, newly formed artificial lakes - reservoirs are not in the best way influenced the microclimate of the territory ( Presentation #4 ).

"Against". Leading. Having weighed these data and remembering our Veseloe Lake, we are against increasing the use of water resources.

"Per". Leading. The East European Plain is rich in soil resources and agro-climatic resources are of great value.

"Per". Opponent. Most of the Russian Plain receives enough heat and moisture to grow many crops. In the north of the forest zone, on podzolic soils, fiber flax is grown, a crop that requires a cool, cloudy and humid summer, and oats. The entire middle belt and the south have fertile soils: soddy-podzolic, chernozem, gray forest and chestnut. In the middle lane, mainly grain and fodder crops are cultivated, in the south - grain and technical (sugar beet and sunflower), horticulture and melon growing are developed. The famous Astrakhan watermelons are known and loved by the inhabitants of the entire Russian Plain. Significant areas of land are also occupied by pastures ( Presentation No. 5 ).

"Per". Leading. With all this in mind, for further ascent Agriculture We offer the following activities:

a) the use of chemical fertilizers and liming of soils;
b) further drainage of the northwest and irrigation of the south;
c) combating soil erosion through forest plantations;
d) cleaning stones and uprooting trees and shrubs;
e) snow retention and regulation of snowmelt;

"Against". Leading. To prove that our soils are already depleted and heavily polluted, we present data for the Tver region.

"Against". Opponent. Many lands in the Tver region are subject to erosion, while in most areas the washout rate is 3-6 tons per hectare per year. The area of ​​eroded lands reaches 70 thousand hectares (1.6 million hectares are plowed up).

Numerous factors prove that fertilizers, pesticides are not used correctly in the region, the technology of their storage and application is violated. This leads to the accumulation of persistent pesticides over vast areas of soil.

large environmental problem is the withdrawal of land and their pollution with household and industrial waste. So only in Tver, the total amount of waste per year reaches 1 million cubic meters. ( Appendix No. 6)

"Against". Leading. After listening to all this, everyone should understand that there can be no talk of chemicalizing soils to increase productivity.

Drainage of the northwestern part of the country. In our Belsky district, in the 70-80s, significant areas of swamps were drained. Now, in 2009, we see that it does more harm than good.

"Per". Leading. The East European Plain is rich in biological resources.

"Per". Opponent. On the plain traced the most complete set natural areas, in comparison with other large natural areas of our country.

The northernmost regions are occupied by tundra and forest-tundra, where low-growing shrubs give way to birch forest-tundra towards the south. These areas are rich in furs.

More than half of the territory is occupied by forests. In the west they reach 50N, and in the east up to 55N. Spruce and pine forests are widespread in the taiga. These are the most valuable types of wood in the industry.

The zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests gradually wedges out to the east, where the continentality of the climate increases.

Along the outskirts of the forests from the southwest to the northeast, an oak forest-steppe stretches, replacing the steppe.

In the extreme southeast, in the Caspian lowland, there are zones of deserts and semi-deserts. In all these natural areas, a wide variety of biological resources ( Presentation #7 ).

"Per". Leading. From all of the above, we can conclude that the more we use these resources, the better we will live.

"Against". Leading. We will prove to you that the nature of the East European Plain must be left alone, otherwise a catastrophe will occur.

"Against". Opponent. Timber is being harvested in the forests of the Russian Plain. Due to the fact that forests have been cut down for more than one century, the composition of the forest stand has changed greatly in many central and western regions. Many secondary, small-leaved forests appeared. Significantly reduced forest areas in the southern taiga, in the zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests.

Air pollution, soil erosion, and lowering of the groundwater level are associated with the reduction of forests.

The virgin steppes are almost completely plowed up. All this negatively affects the animal world.

Despite the fact that a lot of work has been done to protect nature: the number of pine martens has been restored, the beaver has been resettled, and reserves are being created (there are more than 20 of them on the plain). None of this will restore endangered species. And since everything in nature is closely interconnected, the disappearance of some species will entail a change in nature as a whole.

"Per". Leading. The East European Plain is rich in recreational resources. And we should use them more.

Opponent. We use the recreational resources of the plain very poorly. After all, it is these resources that have a beneficial effect on human health. Its picturesque landscapes are wonderful places for recreation. Rivers and lakes of Karelia, its white nights, the museum of wooden architecture, Kizhi, the Solovetsky Monastery. Lake Ladoga and Onega, Valdai and Seliger, the legendary Ilmen, the Volga River with the Zhiguli and the Astrakhan Delta, the ancient Russian cities that are part of the “golden ring” of Russia - this is not a complete list of areas of the Russian Plain developed for tourism and recreation. (Presentation No. 9).

"Against". Leading. We will prove to you that the recreational resources that we have not yet begun to properly use are already lost. Opponent. We can prove this on the map “Ecological situation in Russia” (analysis of the map). Given all this, it is unlikely that you will want to rest where it is difficult to breathe, even if it is most beautiful cities Russia, few people will go to Karelia, where there are acid rains.

"Per". Leading. And so, we have given all the arguments proving that the Russian Plain is rich in natural resources: mineral, water, soil, agro-climatic, biological and recreational. And the more we use them, the better the economy of our country will develop and, consequently, we will live better.

"Against". Leading. Yes. The East European Plain is still rich in natural resources. But many of them are exhausted and non-renewable.

Yes. Not a single state in the world has yet been able to live without using natural resources. But we are not in favor of increasing their use so that we live better. A. On the contrary! Less is better - but use them rationally, that is, completely process what is mined and use new resource-saving technologies. And always remember the motto put forward by the UN back in the 70s “There is only one earth.”

Teacher. The process has ended. We listened to the opinions of the two sides, filled in the table. Everyone weighed. Make your choice (color sign “For”, “No”).

- Survey of experts' opinions.

The lesson is over. In an unusual way, we repeated the natural resources of the East European Plain, identified problems, learned how to use them rationally. They learned to lead a discussion, argue in favor of different versions, prove their point of view, express their thoughts concisely and clearly, listen and understand a friend.

Preparing for the lesson, you searched for information in various sources and, first of all, on the Internet, independently selected what you needed, analyzed, and prepared presentations.

/Analysis of performances and grading /

We would like to complete our game with the words of A. Suvorov, which you will try to remember

“Native Earth can do everything, feed, drink, but it cannot save itself.”

Slides captions:

Grade 8 "Nature of Russia" Nesterova N.I. MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 in Suzdal"
NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN PLAIN AND PROBLEMS OF THEIR USE
Teaching and educational goals of the lesson:
Formation independent activity students in assessing the natural resources of the Russian Plain; Solving problematic problems related to the rational use of resources and nature protection; Continuing the development of a moral and aesthetic attitude to nature - to show the beauty and originality of Russian nature, its significance in the spiritual life of the people.
Remember what natural resources you know?
Among the natural resources of the Russian Plain, we highlight:
Fuel and energy: Coal - Pechersk and Moscow region basins; Oil and gas - Volga-Ural field, European North; Peat.
Mineral:
metallic (iron ore) - KMA; non-metallic - apatites on the Kola Peninsula, table salt - Lake Baskunchak;
SoilAquaticVegetableCommercial and huntingAgroclimatic.
Conclusion:
The Russian Plain has all kinds of natural resources
Russian plain-
The heart of our state, long settled and developed region. The nature of the Russian Plain enchants with its beauty. It gives a person spiritual and physical strength, calms, restores health.
At present, the territory of the Russian Plain is densely populated, its natural resources are intensively used, while there is a shortage of water, the atmosphere is heavily polluted, especially in areas with developed chemical industry. Fertile soils are subject to erosion, forests are mercilessly cut down.
Let's try to understand the reasons for the deterioration environment, in ecologically critical areas of the Russian Plain and think about assistance measures.
Strong disturbance of lands, destruction of their fertility, pollution of water and atmosphere occurs during the extraction of minerals. We will listen to two environmental experts on two ecologically critical areas of the Russian Plain (Kola Peninsula and KMA)
Let's listen to the reports of environmentalists Integrated mining with the extraction of all useful components; Transition to clean technologies for the production of non-ferrous metals; Reduction of open-pit mining; Waste rock (dumps) to be used as raw material in the building materials industry; Carry out reclamation work, especially to restore the fertility of lost chernozems.
Soil resources are of great importance, since it is here that the main areas of the most fertile chernozem soils are concentrated. But these soils are subject to wind and water erosion. Therefore, in order to protect them, they create shelterbelts, fix ravines, follow the rules of agricultural technology and soil-protective crop rotations.
A huge area of ​​arable land is concentrated in the forest zone, where podzolic soils predominate, which are not fertile enough, so reclamation measures are required here. This territory with podzolic soils was called the Non-Chernozemie, which also includes our Vladimir region.
Reasonable land reclamation will make it possible to grow higher yields of rye, barley, potatoes, vegetables, and seeded grasses in the Non-Chernozem region.
For this you need:
Drainage of waterlogged lands; Fertilization; Stone removal and uprooting of shrubs; Soil liming and other activities.
The water resources of the Russian Plain are also huge. Many rivers and lakes are used for navigation, and for this purpose they are connected by canals.
What is the largest river of the Russian Plain? What canals connect it with other rivers?
On the Volga, a flat river, many hydroelectric power plants with dams and reservoirs have been built. Hydroelectric power plants provide cheap energy - that's good. But the reservoirs flooded fertile lands, which led not only to a decrease in soil resources, but also to negative environmental changes in the Volga basin.
In these examples, we have seen that the Russian Plain has been greatly altered by human activity. In order to preserve areas of unchanged or slightly changed nature, natural objects, plants and animals, reserves are created. Name them using the map.
Now let's move on to the practical part of the lesson.
We will solve a number of problems with subsequent analysis of the solution, which will help us figure out how to rationally use natural resources and what are the measures for their protection. We work in groups clearly and quickly. We carefully read the task, write down the answers in your notebooks.
1 task on erosion activities (2 groups work)
You are employees of the institute. You have been instructed to draw up a project for reclamation work in the Non-Chernozem region. You have a map of the PTK Non-Chernozemie. On this basis, select areas in need of soil erosion protection. What kind of work will you be doing? Determine their order.
2 task on the creation of dams and reservoirs on rivers (2 groups work
Highlight the positive and negative results of the transformation of the rivers of the Russian Plain. Try to draw a conclusion: which of these results are more significant, important, as if they outweigh - positive or negative. In your opinion, is it justified to build large dams and reservoirs on large lowland rivers? Is it possible to achieve positive results in other ways, without causing damage to nature caused by the creation of reservoirs?
3 task for drainage in the Non-Black Earth region (2 groups work)
You are employees of the institute. You have been instructed to draw up a project for land reclamation work in the Non-Chernozem region in relation to drainage work. What areas of the Non-Black Earth region need to be drained? How will the drainage of swamps affect ground and surface waters, soils, flora and fauna? How will the drainage of swamps affect the flow of rivers in this area?
We hear the captains of each group, make additions, evaluate and draw a conclusion
For the planet to live and become prettier, each of us must think about tomorrow today, and for this we must clearly know the rules of rational environmental management

Natural Resources of the Russian Plain Presentation by the teacher of geography of the Knevitsky basic school Balalaikina Natalya Alexandrovna The Russian Plain is rich in various natural resources. The flat relief, favorable climatic conditions, fertile steppes and extensive forests have contributed to its settlement and development since ancient times. Now about 60% of the population of Russia lives here, most of the cities and workers' settlements, a dense network of highways are located. Here is the capital of our Motherland - Moscow. Map Minerals In the bowels of the plain there are deposits of Iron (KMA), stone (Pechersk basin) and brown (Podmoskovny basin) coal, apatites of the Kola Peninsula, table salts of Lake Baskunchak. between the Volga and Ural mountains, as well as in the north-east of the plain, oil is produced. Most of the deposits are located in well developed areas. This increases their value. Exercise. Locate the listed mineral deposits on the map. Consequences of mining. During the extraction of minerals, the lands are disturbed, their fertile layer is destroyed, new landforms are created. With the mine method of mining, large areas are occupied by waste rock dumps. In areas of open mining, quarries are formed on the surface of the earth. Sometimes these are extensive pits with a depth of 100-200m or more. There are many disturbed lands in the Moscow basin, in the areas of development of building materials and peat. The restoration of the value of these disturbed lands (their reclamation) is now given great attention. In their place, reservoirs are created. They are returned to agricultural and forestry use. For the densely populated regions of the Russian Plain, this is of particular importance. Water resources The rivers of the Russian Plain are rich in electricity. They created cascades of hydroelectric power plants. The waters of the Volga and the Don are used to irrigate fields in the steppe zone. Many rivers are connected by canals that provide navigation. So, Moscow, located on a relatively small river, has become a port of five seas. Task: find on the map of the European part of the country the channels to them. Moscow, Volga-Donskoy, Volga-Baltic and White Sea-Baltic. Forest resources Timber is being harvested in the forests of the Russian Plain. Due to the fact that forests have been cut down for more than one century, the composition of the forest stand has changed greatly in many central and western regions. Many secondary small-leaved forests appeared. Significantly reduced forest areas in the southern taiga, in the zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests. Soil resources The main areas of the most fertile soils of our country - chernozems - are concentrated on the Russian Plain. They are almost completely open. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones, wheat and corn, sugar beet and sunflower, millet and other crops are grown on these soils. The areas of arable lands are also large in forest zones. Rye and barley, potatoes and wheat, flax and oats are grown here. For the further development of agriculture in these zones, where agro-climatic resources are favorable for agricultural production, and the soils are not fertile enough, it is necessary to carry out a complex of melioration. Problems of the use of natural resources. The problem of the Non-Chernozem region is connected with the use of the natural resources of this region, primarily with the development of agriculture in it. The soils here are not as fertile as chernozems, however, soil and agro-climatic resources make it possible to grow rye and barley, flax and potatoes, vegetables and oats, and fodder grasses. Forest and floodplain meadows are good hayfields and pastures for livestock. However, agricultural production is not enough here now. Ways to solve problems. For the further development of agriculture in the Non-Chernozem region, it is necessary to rationally use and improve (melioration) of land, build roads and improve the living conditions of people. The main type of land reclamation is the drainage of excessively moistened lands. Along with drainage, fertilization and liming of soils, in some places irrigation and soil erosion control, removal of stones and uprooting of tree and shrub vegetation, snow retention and regulation of snowmelt, enlargement of fields and improvement of their shape are required. Problems of the use of natural resources. In a significant part of the territory, the nature of the Russian Plain has been greatly altered by human activity. Particularly large changes have taken place in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, in mixed and broad-leaved forests, and in the southern part of the taiga. Man not only brought down primary forests and plowed up virgin steppes, but also planted forest strips in the steppes, created ponds and reservoirs in the upper reaches of the beams, reservoirs on large rivers, built cities and highways, restored the number of pine martens and resettled the beaver. In order to preserve areas of unaltered or slightly changed nature, typical and rare natural objects (plants, animals, geological objects, NTC), reserves are created.