Control and measuring devices are not new. They have always been used in production. Of course, today these are not those old cumbersome systems that showed the measured values with a large error. But even they at one time were the basis of control production processes. Currently, control and measuring systems are installed in household appliances, making them safer and more comfortable to use. Let's add here the economic aspect. But what is instrumentation and automation - the decoding of the abbreviation is quite simple: instrumentation and automation.
The same and continuous flow on the table even dense straw straw. In order to achieve a high efficiency of the pressing process, the straw must fall directly into the chamber. This ensures that even dense straw straws, such as those from high-performance harvesters or very heavy silage grass, are collected securely. The strain is equipped with five rows of thumbs for uniform mass flow and maximum productivity.
Key component: ballast compression system. This feature, along with the new design, allows balls to form uniformly and with high density. Thanks to the new profile of the compression roller, a more intense contact with the straw is achieved. The compressed rollers are mounted on welded bearings, which are thus protected from damage even in wet conditions.
What does automation have to do with it, non-specialists in this field may ask. These two concepts, or rather, two systems, were combined into one term because in modern technologies it is impossible to use one system from another separately. The thing is that control and measuring instruments only measure the parameters of media (water, gas, electricity, oil, milk, and so on - how many industries, so many materials) and control the specified limit, that is, the nominal value.
One more technical feature is the low center of gravity of the straw mold. As a result, it is also suitable for working on hilly terrain or on a large slope. Depending on individual requirements, large tires are available to limit ground compaction.
Innovative bale wrapping. This system has many advantages. Because the bale is pre-packed into the chamber, there is more protection from oxygen getting into the ball itself, which is extremely important for bales used for silage. As a result, packaging costs can be further reduced. Frozen balls can be unpacked faster because there are no regular frozen nets in the bales.
But data processing is automated. It is she who decides what to do if the measured parameter has become higher or lower than normal. It is through it that a signal is sent to servos, switches and other blocking devices. In fact, instrumentation and automation is a system on which the correct operation of any equipment depends on the technological process.
Smartphone control concept. Due to the growing demand for packaging optimization, our company has decided to invest in new measuring technologies in order to better understand our customers' packaging process. This is a compact portable device for measuring the holding force, puncture strength of stretch film. This system offers new level collecting information to improve the packaging process.
The result is information in terms of the magnitude of the holding force that the shapes elongate at a given point. The data is recorded wirelessly and the device itself does not require access to electricity, so we can take the test almost anywhere without any restrictions. Comparison graph generated from the application.
I&C in household appliances
Look at any appliance you use at home. Be it washing machine or regular iron. All of them are equipped with devices that measure one or another parameter, control it and, if necessary, change it. Many of them are controlled hot water, especially for the heating system (boilers, radiators). There are devices in which the air is controlled - air conditioners, convectors. Or electricity (voltage and current), these include irons, multicookers, oil heating radiators, and so on.
After applying a new type of foil, where we are confident in the progress of packaging, we will overwrite the data and in a few seconds we will know how realistic our belief is. All measured values are transferred to a comparison graph, which is provided to the customer.
Today, we cannot imagine a perfect package without this device. We look forward to your eventual visit where you can present the Strength Challenge for you. It allows you to test packaged pallets with repetitive dynamic loading in order to create conditions for goods transported from the manufacturer, distributor or supplier. The control system allows you to select the appropriate acceleration mode, even drive and deceleration mode.
Modern automated systems consist mainly of microcontroller circuits. They, in turn, replaced the control units, which included circuits with little integration. This makes it possible today to automate any process, any installation, and even the smallest device. That is, the borders have opened to infinity, which is very pleasing.
Due to practice, especially in situations caused by slowdown vehicle or in the event of a sudden change in direction, destabilization of pallet units, displacement of goods and, in the worst case, destruction of the transport packaging. The results of selective retardation tests can be decisive for the choice of packaging parameters.
When testing different packaged pallets, you can evaluate best way fixing goods on a pallet. The graph demonstrates writing a stability test. An equally important part of the set of test devices is a specially designed test cube that imitates a packed pallet with goods. One of the cube's vertical edges is stored in strain gauges that determine the amount of force acting on the edge. This is the force that acts on the edge of boxes, bricks, tiles or other packaged goods.
Attention! Microcontroller systems will be, so to speak, deaf and blind if all kinds of measuring instruments are not connected to them. Without them, they are useless. That is why both instrumentation and automation systems were combined into a single system.
Instrumentation devices - classification
Instrumentation and control equipment is classified according to several parameters, the main of which are physical and technical characteristics and qualitative and quantitative indicators. That is, humidity, temperature, flow, pressure, etc. are measured. Hence the very name of the groups.
The other edge is equipped with pins for quick and easy application of imitation other than the round edge design. The other edge is removable, after removing it, you can use the packaged goods type replacement function. You can try the optimal relationship between the products and the parameters of the stretch film, as well as the parameters of the packaging installation process.
The graph shows the measurement results. For grouped goods in cartons, it also gives an indication of the suitability of the group packaging design. The participant made it much easier to decide which offer is best for his needs in terms of packaging material characteristics and purchase price.
- Thermometers.
- Manometers (measure pressure).
- Flowmeters.
- Gas analyzers.
- Level gauges.
There is a group of so-called measuring instruments:
- Radiation measurement.
- Mass, material hardness, density.
- Acoustics.
- Electrical and electromagnetic qualities are measured.
- Physical and chemical composition of the material, its properties.
In turn, for example, thermometers are divided into liquid, digital, with resistance conversion, thermoelectric. This also includes pyrometers and thermal imagers.
Aside from the cost, the cheapest kilo stretch film costs guarantee the lowest pallet wrapping cost, but high-end peak performance film may not be ideal in terms of pallet wrapping cost.
Another positive aspect is the provision of objective information about the rules of possible complaints with suppliers and customers of pallet units with goods, since the creation of a pallet in accordance with the results of the tests described above largely eliminates damage to goods due to insufficient transport packaging.
Pressure gauges are also divided into several subspecies: they measure excess pressure or its difference, or an absolute value. By design, these are mechanical, electrocontact. Let's add here the traditional pressure switches and thrust gauges.
Flowmeters are more complex instrumentation and control devices that determine the mass or volume of a material (medium). This group has a fairly wide range of models, depending on what material (medium) will be controlled and measured by this device.
food market in Czech Republic quite specific to the rest of Europe because Czech consumers have a strong national feeling and always prefer Czech cuisine, food produced in the Czech Republic. This positively stimulates Czech production in this area, and increased pressure on the quantity and cost of production further stimulates the interest of manufacturers in automating production and production lines. Without being known to consumers themselves, there are cases where food is produced by hand on a mass scale.
Flow meters - devices for measuring mass or volume - Vortex, thermal, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, tachometric, correlation, Coriolis.
- With differential pressure, with measurement of level differences, flow measurement.
That is, each device is suitable for certain operating conditions, which is based on the material or medium. By the way, the medium can only be non-electric, because in the control (automation) unit, any value is converted into an electrical signal, which is then fed for processing. But here the question arises, what about the voltage and current strength in electrical appliances?
Today, not only large-scale production, but also smaller plants, at least partial automation of lines, cannot be achieved. Not only financial requirements for wages"human staff", but also often high productivity is required, which is necessary in a relatively short period of time to obtain large quantities of products, is required, at least in the field of productivity, packaging, labeling and final inspection for the use of automatic machines and functions.
The thing is that these two values can not be entered into the controller without pre-processing, where the output should be an analog signal. After all, the voltage in this case has an indicator of 220 V. And no automation will withstand it in this form. Therefore, even in electrical networks sensors are installed. That is, in this case, both the current strength and the voltage become non-electric quantities, of course, through an intermediary - a sensor.
For example, what can be filled and closed in one automated machine will have to be done at the same time by several workers, who, however, will not have the same productivity throughout the working day and will avoid accidental errors or inattention or fatigue. A person is not physically and mentally equipped for repeated stereotyped actions. This is the ideal area to use and deploy the machine. Specially designed and manufactured machine allows you to increase the productivity of the production line many times over.
Instrumentation service
Like any mechanism or circuit diagram, instrumentation and instrumentation systems fail or wear out, which leads to a distortion of the measured indicators. And, therefore, the device must either be replaced with a new one, or repaired on the spot (it is almost impossible to do this in a small workshop). Therefore, the question of what engineers and instrumentation fitters do can be answered as follows - they monitor the serviceability measuring instruments and automation.
The current range of machines, systems and sensors is already very wide in this area, and the wide presence of companies on the Czech market allows us to choose both standard systems and solutions, as well as to develop and implement individual funds for a given operation or production application. In particular, Czech companies and companies are in most cases very available to develop or adapt standard machines to exactly meet customer requirements, to exactly "fit" into the built-in production line, and to provide only functions, functions and control system that not only the best way suitable for the application, but also the capabilities and knowledge of the operating personnel.
After all, the entire technological process, as well as the safety of the operating personnel, depends on their precise and stable operation. By the way, large enterprises organize special departments and teams of specialists. And believe me, no one will force the boilermaker to repair the gas analyzer. And if we talk about the accuracy of the work of the unit, then its staff should include all specialists in instrumentation and automation.
Virtually none of the current food production and food products supplied to retail chains is no longer a requirement for an efficient packaging, packaging and labeling solution for products. This "output" part of the production chain is often time consuming when done manually and is already very well machine controlled and automated. Automatic filling up to 12 positions with precise tooth filling pumps allows accurate filling up to 12 packs at the same time, and the subsequent carousel closing machine can immediately complete the breech application, no matter if it is a screw or other type crusher.
For example, one locksmith should deal only with flow meters for bulk and liquid materials, the other with electricity control meters and similar devices. And most importantly, in a well-functioning team, interchangeability is not welcome.
As for small businesses, things are different here. Of course, highly qualified specialists are recruited to the staff, but the range of their work has been expanded in view of the fact that all instrumentation and instrumentation systems are based on microelectronic circuits. Therefore, locksmiths perform the functions of Kipovites, and are also engaged in telephone communications, installation and maintenance of weak currents (alarm, video surveillance).
For example, lids are only poured into the hopper and the machine will prepare the closure for application. For compact production areas, it is also possible to supply a compact "monoblock" type, where filling and closing take place in the same application space. As a result, the empty package enters the machine and, on the other hand, the full packaged product is expelled.
It is possible to use a multi-user labeling machine that can apply front, back, top, bottom or round labels almost anywhere on the product. The labels can be pre-printed before gluing, or various data can be printed, such as name, serial number, barcode, brief instructions for using the product, production and consumption date, product composition, etc. products can also be automatically labeled before labeling, weigh the continuous weight and print the label on the label.
But if the management of this plant or factory finds out that one of the instrumentation and automation fitters understands computers, then he can’t get out of repairing computer equipment and installing programs on it.
Conclusion on the topic
So now you know what decoding of instrumentation and automation what is the purpose of these devices and systems, and who should serve them. In fact, we often meet with these devices, because all modern Appliances just stuffed with them. What for? The first is energy savings. The second is operational safety. The third is comfort. For example, they poured washing powder into the washing machine, set the washing parameters, and after a set time, it will give you clean linen, pleasantly beeping. Everything is simple and convenient.
At the same time, products with unsatisfactory weight can be automatically discarded for further control or retirement, or the weight can be re-controlled by its signal, thereby automatically ensuring optimal use of packaging and compliance with all necessary laws and standards without unnecessary overcharging. The money spent on this management process will soon be returned to the saved costs of producing the product.
The quality of marking and gluing, as well as the compactness and integrity of the package, can now be monitored reliably with camera systems, which in their simpler forms are already similar to other sensors, both in terms of size, appearance, as well as prices. On the other hand, it is now possible to use the camera system to control and measure parts hundreds and thousands of meters in size.
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Now it is simply impossible to find any area of human activity in which the means for measurement and control are not used, which received the general name of instrumentation equipment - constantly improving and developing.
Significance for modern man
Human need for transformation environment under own desires became the reason that he always had to measure, count, weigh, etc. To unify all these processes, first the simplest, and over time, more and more complex instruments for various measurements began to be created.
Then, when he mastered natural processes and launched many new technological chains, he needed other special devices that could control them. Complex devices for control and measurement have appeared. As a result, a person tried - and very successfully in many areas of his activity - to learn how to manage natural and self-created technologies, and then automate some of its types, which required the creation of new representatives of instrumentation. Automatic control of technological chains has become a real transition of society to a completely new level of development.
What is control and measuring instruments (CIP)?
No technological process can do without measuring instruments. The quality of manufactured products and materials and the safety of those 
technological solutions depend on the observance of many parameters, which are controlled by instrumentation.
In other words, instrumentation is a measurement device, on the basis of which a person receives information from the environment about a set of physical quantities in certain ranges, measured by specific, belonging only to this measured medium, units.
It follows that a careless attitude to the development and improvement of instrumentation equipment, neglect of the rules for their operation, as well as poor training of specialists, such as an instrumentation engineer, not only puts society in front of the fact of receiving low-quality products, but also threatens the safety of its citizens.
Classification of instrumentation
Instrumentation is a huge range of various mechanisms, fixtures and devices, the device of which can be both very simple and quite complex. A person from school years is familiar with a ruler, a square, a protractor and a compass. But many do not even think that these are instrumentation, only the simplest ones.
The classification of CIP tools is very extensive, and it is absolutely impossible to cover all of them within the framework of this article. But it is quite realistic to single out the main classes and characteristics of this type of equipment from the whole mass of information. 
Existing instrumentation equipment can be divided into two large analog instruments, prime examples of which are the ordinary mercury thermometer used in every family, and the manometer, a more sophisticated pressure measuring device used both in everyday life and in production. This group is characterized by the fact that the output information continuously shows all changes in the environment.
Another class of instrumentation is digital instruments. In them, the output signal - or the measurement result - is converted into digital values. An example of such devices is an electronic device for which the indicator displays data in numbers about the pressure and pulse rate of a person. 
Varieties of instrumentation
In each class of equipment there is a division into instrumentation registering, indicating and printing. An example of an indicating device is the same thermometer.
The principles of operation of control and measuring equipment distribute it to comparing devices - equal-arm scales, summing - a wattmeter that adds up the power of several generators, direct action - a pressure gauge and an ammeter - and integrating - electric and gas meters.
Scopes of devices for control and measurements in everyday life
Instrumentation is not only equipment for industrial use. Their household use is intended for high-quality performance of any work. Take an ordinary repair, which is familiar and understandable to everyone.
It is impossible to do it without the use of a special tool and instrumentation. Even if you try, the result will be appropriate. How to measure the area of \u200b\u200bthe ceiling or walls without a "meter"? How about laying drywall boards evenly without a level? It is simply impossible to detect old or repair damaged electrical wiring without using a multimeter. 
For example, you need to find out how durable walls made of concrete or brick, as well as freshly prepared mortar. For this, a sclerometer is used in an electrical or mechanical design. A hygrometer will help determine the level of moisture contained in concrete and plaster, as well as the moisture content of wood and wood-shaving materials. And there is no need to talk about the benefits of the laser level. It takes renovation to a whole new level.
And take a different use of instrumentation? Determining the state of the weather in the short term has been a real problem for many years. Now, with the advent of such a device as a digital weather station, it has become available to everyone. Atmospheric pressure, air temperature for up to a week, wind direction and the amount of expected precipitation in the form of digital data make it possible for a person to organize both his rest and working week. This is especially important in rural areas.
KIP is human everything!
It is very difficult to cover the whole variety of human activities in which instruments for control and measurement are used. But the fact remains: if they don’t exist, a person’s life will become so complicated that they will have to return to the caves. And this is unlikely to anyone want. And therefore, the desire of young people to get acquainted with this huge and interesting world called KIP, which makes it possible to fully realize their desire to acquire new knowledge.
