3.6 Basic and additional means of protection when working in electrical installations up to 1000V

Electrical protective equipment is designed to ensure electrical safety and are divided into main and additional . The insulation of the main electrical protective equipment withstands the operating voltage of the electrical installation for a long time and allows you to work on live parts that are energized. An additional electrical protective device by itself cannot provide protection against electric shock at a given voltage, but complements the main protective device, and also serves to protect against touch voltage and step voltage.

To main electrical protective equipment in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V include:

Insulating rods;

Insulating and electrical pliers;

Voltage indicators;

dielectric gloves;

isolated tool.

To additional electrical protective equipment for work in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V include:

Dielectric galoshes;

Dielectric carpets;

Insulating supports and pads;

Insulating caps.

In addition to the listed means of protection in electrical installations, means are used personal protection(PPE) of the following classes:

Head protection means (protective helmets);

Eye and face protection (goggles and protective shields);

Respiratory protection equipment (gas masks and respirators;

Hand protection (mittens);

Fall protection equipment (safety belts and safety ropes).

Protective equipment should be kept as inventory in the premises of electrical installations (switchgears, workshops of power plants, at transformer substations, at distribution points of electric networks, etc.) or be included in the inventory property of field teams, operational maintenance teams, mobile high-voltage laboratories, etc. as well as issued for personal use.

Responsibility for the timely provision of personnel and the acquisition of electrical installations with tested protective equipment in accordance with the acquisition standards, the organization of proper storage and the creation of the necessary stock, the timely production of periodic inspections and tests, the removal of unsuitable funds and the organization of their accounting are borne by the head of the workshop, service, substation, network section , the foreman of the site, in charge of electrical installations or jobs, and in general for the enterprise, the chief engineer or the person responsible for electrical facilities.

Insulating pliers are designed to replace fuses in electrical installations up to and above 1000 V. When working with pliers to replace fuses, in addition to dielectric gloves, protective glasses should be used.

To check the presence or absence of voltage in electrical installations up to 1000 V, two types of indicators are used: two-pole, operating with active current flow, and single-pole, operating with capacitive current.

Two-pole pointers are designed for electrical installations of alternating and direct current, and single-pole - for electrical installations of alternating current.

An insulated tool includes a fitter's and assembly tool with insulating handles (adjustable wrenches, ratchet wrenches, pliers, pliers, side and end cutters, screwdrivers, clumsy fitter's knives, etc.), used for working under voltage in electrical installations up to 1000 V as the main electrical protective equipment.

The insulation must cover the entire handle and have a length of at least 100 mm to the middle of the limit stop. The stop must have a height of at least 10 mm, a thickness of at least 3 mm and must not have sharp edges and edges. Height of a stop of handles of a screw-driver - not less than 5 mm.

The thickness of multilayer insulation should not exceed 2 mm, single-layer - 1 mm. The insulation of the screwdriver shafts must not have stops. The insulation of the screwdriver shafts must end at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the tip of the screwdriver blade.

Insulating electrical protective equipment should be used for their intended purpose in electrical installations with a voltage not higher than that for which they are designed (the highest allowable voltage).

Basic and additional electrical protective equipment are designed for use in closed electrical installations, and in open electrical installations and on overhead power lines - only in dry weather. In drizzle and precipitation, they are not allowed to be used. Outdoors in wet weather, only protective equipment of a special design designed for work in such conditions can be used.

Before each use of protective equipment, personnel must check its serviceability, the absence of external damage, contamination, and check the expiration date on the stamp. The use of expired protective equipment is not allowed.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

Ulyanovsk State Technical University

Department of Health and Safety and Industrial Ecology

Lab #19

The study of electrical protective equipment

Completed:

Student of the RTd-31 group

Abramov A.V

Kudrin A.N.

Ulyanovsk, 2013

Objective:

The purpose of the work is to gain knowledge and practical skills in the use of protective equipment used in electrical installations.

Theoretical part.

1. What is meant by electrical protective equipment?

Electrical protective equipment (EPS)- means of protection against electric shock, designed to ensure electrical safety.

2. What electrical protective equipment is called basic?

The main insulating EZS - insulating EZS, the insulation of which can withstand the operating voltage of the electrical installation for a long time and which allows you to work on live parts that are under voltage.

3. What electrical protective equipment is called additional?

Additional isolating ECD – insulating EZS, which by itself cannot provide protection against damage at a given voltage electric shock, does not supplement the main means of protection, and also serves to protect against touch voltage and step voltage.

4. What applies to the main and additional electrical protective equipment in electrical installations up to 1 kV?

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Insulating rods of all kinds;

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Electrical clamps;

Dielectric gloves;

Hand isolating tool.

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Dielectric galoshes;

Dielectric carpets and insulating pads;

Insulating caps, covers and linings;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

What is the procedure for maintaining protective equipment?

4.4.1. Protective equipment must be stored and transported under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for use, they must be protected from mechanical damage, contamination and moisture.

4.4.2. Protective equipment must be stored indoors.

4.4.3. Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials in use should be stored in cabinets, on racks, shelves, separately from tools and other protective equipment. They must be protected from the effects of acids, alkalis, oils, gasoline and other destructive substances, as well as from direct exposure to sunlight and heat radiation from heating devices (no closer than 1 m from them).

Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials that are in use must not be stored in bags, boxes, etc.

Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials that are in stock must be stored in a dry room at a temperature

(0 - 30) °С.

4.4.4. Insulating rods, clamps and voltage indicators above 1000 V should be stored in conditions that exclude their deflection and contact with walls.

4.4.5. Respiratory protective equipment must be stored in dry rooms in special bags.

4.4.6. Protective equipment, insulating devices and devices for working under voltage should be kept in a dry, ventilated area.

4.4.7. Shielding protective equipment must be stored separately from electrical protective equipment.

Individual shielding kits are stored in special cabinets: overalls - on hangers, and safety shoes, head, face and hand protection - on shelves. During storage, they must be protected from moisture and aggressive environments.

4.4.8. Protective equipment that is in the use of mobile teams or in the individual use of personnel must be stored in boxes, bags or cases separately from other tools.

4.4.9. Protective equipment is placed in specially equipped places, as a rule, at the entrance to the premises, as well as on control panels. Storage areas should have lists of protective equipment. Storage areas should be equipped with hooks or brackets for rods, insulating clamps, portable grounding, safety posters, as well as cabinets, racks, etc. for other protective equipment.

Question 1

What protective equipment refers to the main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V?

P.1.1.6.IPISZ

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Dielectric gloves;

Dielectric galoshes;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

Question 2

What protective equipment refers to additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V?

P.1.1.6.IPISZ

Insulating electrical protective equipment are divided into basic and additional.

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Devices and fixtures for ensuring the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking the coincidence of phases, electrical pliers, cable piercing devices, etc.);

Special protective equipment, devices and insulating devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of 110 kV and above (except for rods for transferring and equalizing potential).

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:

Dielectric gloves and boots;

Bars for transfer and potential equalization;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Dielectric gloves;

Hand isolating tool.

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Dielectric galoshes;

Insulating caps, covers and linings;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

Question 3

What means of protection are the main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V?

P.1.1.6.IPISZ

Insulating electrical protective equipment are divided into basic and additional.

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:

Insulating rods of all kinds;

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Devices and fixtures for ensuring the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking the coincidence of phases, electrical pliers, cable piercing devices, etc.);

Special protective equipment, devices and insulating devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of 110 kV and above (except for rods for transferring and equalizing potential).

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:

Dielectric gloves and boots;

Dielectric carpets and insulating pads;

Bars for transfer and potential equalization;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Insulating rods of all kinds;

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Dielectric gloves;

Hand isolating tool.

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Dielectric galoshes;

Dielectric carpets and insulating pads;

Insulating caps, covers and linings;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

Question 4

What protective equipment refers to additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V?

P.1.1.6.IPISZ

Insulating electrical protective equipment are divided into basic and additional.

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:

Insulating rods of all kinds;

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Devices and fixtures for ensuring the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking the coincidence of phases, electrical pliers, cable piercing devices, etc.);

Special protective equipment, devices and insulating devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with a voltage of 110 kV and above (except for rods for transferring and equalizing potential).

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:

Dielectric gloves and boots;

Dielectric carpets and insulating pads;

Insulating caps and linings;

Bars for transfer and potential equalization;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Insulating rods of all kinds;

Insulating pliers;

Voltage indicators;

Electrical clamps;

Dielectric gloves;

Hand isolating tool.

Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:

Dielectric galoshes;

Dielectric carpets and insulating pads;

Insulating caps, covers and linings;

Ladders, insulating fiberglass ladders.

Question 5

What are the personal protective equipment?

Clause 1.1.8.IPISZ

In addition to the listed protective equipment, the following personal protective equipment is used in electrical installations:

Head protection means (protective helmets);

Eye and face protection (goggles and protective shields);

Respiratory protection equipment (gas masks and respirators);

Hand protection (mittens);

Fall protection equipment (safety belts and safety ropes);

Special protective clothing (sets for protection against electric arcs).

Question 6

What is the frequency of inspection of the state of protective equipment used in electrical installations?

Clauses 1.4.2-1.4.4 IPISZ

1.4.2. In subdivisions of enterprises and organizations, it is necessary to keep logs of accounting and the content of protective equipment.

Protective equipment issued for individual use must also be registered in the journal.

1.4.3. The presence and condition of protective equipment is checked by periodic inspection, which is carried out at least once every 6 months. (for portable grounding - at least 1 time in 3 months) by an employee responsible for their condition, with a record of the inspection results in a journal.

1.4.4. Electrical protective funds, except for insulating supports, dielectric carpets, portable grounding, protective fences, posters and safety signs, as well as safety belts and safety ropes received for operation from manufacturers or from warehouses, must be checked according to the standards of operational tests.

Question 7

Can expired products be used?

P.1.2.8.IPISZ

Before each use of protective equipment, personnel must check its serviceability, the absence of external damage and contamination, and also check the expiration date on the stamp.

Expired protective equipment must not be used.

Question 8

How can you determine that electrical protective equipment has been tested and is suitable for use?

P.1.4.5.IPISZ

Protective equipment that has passed the test, the use of which depends on the voltage of the electrical installation, is stamped with the following form:

Valid up to ____ kV

Date of the next test "___" ___________ 20__

(laboratory name)

Protective equipment, the use of which does not depend on the voltage of the electrical installation (dielectric gloves, galoshes, boots, etc.), is stamped in the following form:

Date of the next test "___" ____________ 20__

________________________________________________________________________________

(laboratory name)

The stamp must be clearly visible. It must be applied with indelible paint or glued to the insulating part near the limiting ring of insulating electrical protective equipment and devices for working under voltage or at the edge of rubber products and safety devices. If the protective equipment consists of several parts, the stamp is put on only one part. The method of applying the stamp and its dimensions should not impair the insulating characteristics of the protective equipment.

When testing dielectric gloves, overshoes and galoshes, marking should be made according to their protective properties Ev and En, if the factory marking is lost.

On protective equipment failed the test, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint.

Insulated tools, voltage indicators up to 1000 V, as well as safety belts and safety ropes, are allowed to be marked using available means.

Question 9

In which electrical installations can test lamps be used as voltage indicators?

P.2.4.24.IPISZ

In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, two types of indicators are used: bipolar and single-pole.

Two-pole indicators operating with the flow of active current are designed for electrical installations of alternating and direct current.

Single-pole indicators operating with the flow of capacitive current are intended for electrical installations only with alternating current.

The use of two-pole pointers is preferred.

The use of test lamps to check the absence of voltage is not allowed.

Question 10

In which electrical installations, when using a voltage indicator, is it necessary to wear dielectric gloves?

P.2.4.22.IPISZ

In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, the voltage indicator should be used with dielectric gloves.

Question 11

During what time should direct contact of the voltage indicator with controlled current-carrying parts be ensured when checking the absence of voltage in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V?

Clauses 2.4.33-2.4.35 IPISZ

2.4.33. Before starting work with the pointer, it is necessary to check its serviceability by briefly touching current-carrying parts that are obviously energized.

2.4.34. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the indicator with the controlled current-carrying parts must be at least 5 s.

2.4.35. When using single-pole indicators, contact must be ensured between the electrode on the end (side) part of the body and the operator's hand. The use of dielectric gloves is not allowed.

Question 12

What are electrical clamps used for?

Clause 2.8.1. IPISZ

Clamps are designed to measure current in electrical circuits voltage up to 10 kV, as well as current voltage and power in electrical installations up to 1 kV without violating the integrity of the circuits.

Question 13

In which electrical installations are dielectric gloves used as the main insulating electrical protective equipment?

Clause 2.10.1. IPISZ

funds

Question 14

In which electrical installations are dielectric gloves used as an additional insulating electrical protective agent?

Clause 2.10.1. IPISZ

Gloves are designed to protect hands from electric shock. They are used in electrical installations up to 1000 V as the main insulating electrical protective funds, and in electrical installations above 1000 V - additional.

Question 15

How are dielectric gloves checked for punctures?

P.2.10.7.IPISZ

Before use, the gloves should be inspected, paying attention to the absence of mechanical damage, contamination and moisture, and also check for punctures by twisting the gloves towards the fingers.

Question 16

In what electrical installations are dielectric galoshes used?

Clauses 2.11.1-2.11.3 IPISZ

2.11.1. Special dielectric footwear (galoshes, boots, including boots in a tropical version) is an additional electrical protective equipment when working in closed, and in the absence of precipitation - in open electrical installations.

Question 17

What electrical installations are used dielectric boots?

Clauses 2.11.1-2.11.3 IPISZ

2.11.1. Special dielectric footwear (galoshes, boots, including boots in a tropical version) is an additional electrical protective equipment when working in closed, and in the absence of precipitation - in open electrical installations.

In addition, dielectric shoes protect workers from step voltage.

2.11.2. In electrical installations, dielectric boots and galoshes are used, made in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

2.11.3. Galoshes are used in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, boots - at all voltages.

Question 18

What are safety helmets for?

Clauses 4.1.1-4.1.4 IPISZ

4.1.1. Helmets are designed to protect the head of the worker from mechanical damage, from water and aggressive liquids, as well as from electric shock in case of accidental touching live parts energized up to 1000 V.

4.1.2. Depending on the conditions of use, the helmet can be equipped with an insulated balaclava and a waterproof cape, anti-noise headphones, shields for welders, and head lamps.

4.1.3. General technical requirements for protective helmets, requirements for construction helmets, plastic mining helmets and methods for their testing at manufacturing enterprises are set out in state standards.

4.1.4. Helmets consist of a body, internal equipment (shock absorber and carrying tape) and a chin strap.

Question 19

Which of the following posters are prohibited?

Annex 9 IPIS

Safety posters and signs