Acupressure is an ancient oriental method of treatment. It originated, apparently, in the territory of modern China, Korea, Mongolia and Japan. It is based on the same principles as in segmental massage: treatment should be complex (a disease of an organ is a disease of the whole organism); treatment should be unhurried, thorough; Finally, it must be individual. But if segmental massage is based on a schematic division of the human body into segments, then acupressure appeared after the discovery of certain points on the body that are closely related to the internal organs and systems of a person.

Acupressure also has much in common with acupuncture, since both the impact of a needle and finger pressure on certain points restore impaired functions and improve the patient's condition.

The points involved in acupressure are called "vital points" or - in modern science - "biologically active points" (BAP). Studies have shown that these points have specific features. Firstly, they have low electrical skin resistance, secondly, high electrical potential, thirdly, high skin temperature, as well as high pain sensitivity, increased oxygen uptake and a high level of metabolic processes.

The basic rules of acupressure are associated with the ancient ideas about "vital energy" - "chi", according to which "chi" moves along a certain trajectory along invisible meridian channels and provides each organ with "nutrition". Life energy moves from one channel to another, in total there are 12 paired and 2 unpaired channels. Under normal circumstances, when each channel receives a certain amount of vital energy, a person is healthy. As a result of a violation of the “tides” of vital energy, an excess of energy is observed in one part of the body, and a deficiency in another. In this case, any disease develops.

From a scientific point of view, this theory does not have sufficient justification, but it echoes the ancient Eastern ideas about the division of nature into two parts: “yin” (negative) and “yang” (positive). Day is yang, night is yin; the sun is yang, the moon is yin.

Yin is the maternal principle, which is characteristic of everything cold, wet, dark, secretive, passive, changeable. It carries a negative charge. Yang is the paternal principle, which, on the contrary, is inherent in everything warm, dry, bright, explicit, initiative, constant. The paternal principle carries a positive charge. And since in the body of each person there is both maternal and paternal principles, then a person is a combination of yin-yang, and all processes occurring inside the body can be both positive and negative.

Eastern medicine has long sought to bring the "yin" and "yang" to harmony. According to the ideas of ancient Eastern physicians, the five primary elements of the earth have correspondences with pregnancy, increased oxygen absorption and a high level of metabolic processes.

Pressing on the "vital points" causes a feeling of aches, numbness, even pain, which is absent when pressing on other areas of the skin. Studies have shown that these sensations are constant, so they serve as a criterion for the correctness of finding such points.

Acupressure has a positive effect on the functions of various organs and systems: it calms or stimulates the nervous system, increases blood circulation, improves tissue nutrition, regulates the activity of endocrine glands, relieves pain, reduces muscle tension.

The widespread use of acupressure is largely due to its simplicity, a small area of ​​influence. Acupressure is also good because it can be used as first aid, as well as together with medical therapy.

Why does this or that disease occur? The disease occurs because the flow of "vital energy" is disturbed. And you can restore the normal flow of this energy if you act on the points located along the meridian channels.

The total number of "vital points" is 365. Their location does not depend on where the diseased organ is located. In other words, in order to relieve pain in the heart, it is not necessary to act on the region of the heart - biological points are located, for example, on the foot. Moreover, there are points on the foot that affect many other organs and are used for various diseases. Often, to eliminate pain on the right side, you have to massage the points located on the left, and vice versa.

Theoretical foundations of acupressure

Acupressure is a mechanical effect of fingers or devices on strictly defined areas of the body.

Acupressure is a type of method traditional medicine China - Zhen-jiu therapy, called in most countries acupuncture (acupuncture). The term "acupuncture" comes from the Latin words "acus" (needle) and "punctura" (prick, point). In China, acupuncture is called "zhen" and moxibustion "jiu". These two types of treatment are almost always combined, the method is considered as a single one and is called zhen-jiu therapy. The basis of acupuncture and acupressure, or finger zhen, is the teaching of acupuncture points (TA) on the surface of the body, the total number of which, according to recent data, is more than 1500. Of these, 695 are called classical, that is, enjoying full recognition. However, approximately 100-150 points of influence are used in practice.

On average, the diameter of the classical dot is 0.2–5 mm. There are no special cellular structures in TA. According to the latest biology, more loose connective tissue gravitates to the points, the fibers of which are arranged in the form of a grid (G. D. Novinsky); they have a little more bodies and flasks that act as receptors (G. Kelner); there are small groups of mast cells that affect metabolism due to the release of active substances (F. G. Portnov). The impact points have their own signs: they absorb oxygen more and more infrared radiation is registered, they are more sensitive to pressure and have their own electrical status. Indicators of electrical individuality in TA appear lower electrical resistance skin (J. Ni-boye), increasing the magnitude of the electrical potential, especially in cases of illness (A. K. Podshibyakin).

The boundaries of active points are vague. In a sleeping person, the diameter of the dot decreases to 1 mm, after rest it reaches 1 cm, and in case of illness it increases to several centimeters.

Theoretical justification zhen-jiu therapy is the theory of "jin-lo", or the meridian theory of the physiology of the body. Jin-lo is a system of invisible channels (meridians) connecting acupuncture points with similar (when exposed to them) healing effects and reactions. There are many channels: 14 main - 12 paired and 2 unpaired, 15 secondary and 8 miraculous channels, bypasses connecting the points assigned to the main channels. Despite such an abundance of channels, a considerable number of TAs (281) are not covered by them. The main channels are called (from the standpoint of Chinese medicine) internal organs. The lungs, the liver, etc. have their own channel. The shortest channels - the heart and pericardium - have 9 points each, the longest channel is the bladder: it has 67 points of influence and it covers the entire head, neck, back and descends to the fifth toe. Through these meridians in the human body, the vital energy "CHI" (or "Qi") circulates, the philosophical interpretation of which is difficult even from modern scientific positions. According to one of the leading Russian experts V. G. Vogralik (1961), CHI is an integral function of the entire activity of the organism, its energy, vitality tone. Each organ and system has CHI as an expression of exchange and function at a particular moment. The resultant of all these CHI is the CHI of the body.

According to the theory adopted in Oriental medicine, vital energy enters the body through acupuncture points with food, from the environment and circulates through the body, passing sequentially through all organs and making a complete circuit during the day. This position on the circulation of energy is consistent with research on biological rhythms, which are increasingly recognized in modern medicine and biology.

The form of manifestation of vital energy is the interaction and struggle of two opposites, or "polar forces" - YANG (positive force) and YIN (negative force). On the principle of YANG-YIN, the founders of Oriental medicine base the relationship of organs with each other and their connection with the integument of the body. Illness is considered as an imbalance in the normal distribution of energy between YANG and YIN. If the symptoms indicate a "lack of energy", then the organ is in a state of YIN, and it needs to be toned. If there are signs of "excess energy" corresponding to the state of Yang, the latter should be reduced (dissipated). This change in the distribution of energy is achieved by influencing the acupuncture points (see Appendix, Table 3).

From the point of view of modern knowledge, the idea of ​​channels, vital energy, proposed since ancient times in the East, looks naive and archaic. But the positive effects of the healing method force scientists of all countries to study the constructions of Chinese natural philosophy.

Depending on the tasks of acupressure, a targeted effect on the TA of certain zones is applied:

1) to influence the central nervous system, they act on points of a general or broad spectrum of action;

2) to influence the cervical vegetative apparatus, use the points of the collar zone (C V 1 II — T);

3) so-called segmental points are used to influence the function of internal organs;

4) to influence the radicular syndrome and peripheral nerves, acupressure is carried out at regional points along paravertebral lines;

5) to influence the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, mainly local points are used.

In addition, a number of meridian points have certain functions and are called standard. There are six of them on each meridian:

1) tonic point;

2) inhibitory (sedative) point - serves to enhance the inhibitory process;

3) point-"accomplice" - is used to enhance the exciting or inhibitory action;

4) a stabilizing point is a point of energy transition from one body system (meridian) to another (LO-point);

5) sympathetic, or point of agreement - is outside the meridian and is also used to enhance the impact on the first two points;

6) herald, or point of alarm, has a diagnostic value.

The tonic and inhibitory points of the meridian are processed, respectively, by inhibitory or stimulating methods of influence, a description of which will be given below.

Thus, acupressure is a method of reflexology, the area of ​​​​impact of which are acupuncture points; method of influence - massage. The founder of acupressure is E. D. Tyko-chinskaya (1969), who first developed and implemented this method for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. In sports practice, acupressure has been used by us since 1975, and already in 1977, at the Republican Scientific Conference in Minsk, results were reported confirming the expediency of using this method to influence muscle tone (V. I. Vasichkin, G. N Vygodin, A. M. Tyurin).

General about acupressure

Massage as a healing and rejuvenating remedy has been known since ancient times. One of the first references to massage is found in Chinese manuscripts dating back to the 9th century. The great Greek physician Hippocrates wrote: "Massage can bind a joint that is too loose and soften a joint that is too tight."

Like acupuncture and moxibustion, massage can be considered the oldest creative discovery of Chinese medicine. The difference between these methods essentially lies only in different ways of influencing the biologically active points of the human body. So, in acupuncture, various needles made of metal alloys are used. In ancient times, sharp edges of stones, fragments of porcelain, bamboo needles were used as annoying objects, and only later, with the appearance in the 6th century. BC metal, began to make iron, silver and gold needles. Currently, acupuncture is carried out by means of the thinnest metal round needles, which are introduced depending on the place of application of irritation to different depths. The tip of the needle is somewhat blunted so as not to injure the tissue, not to violate its integrity and not to cause pain. However, the methods of administration and the acupuncture technique itself are available only to specialist doctors who have completed the appropriate training course.

Cauterization is carried out with a red-hot metal stick, applying pieces of garlic to certain areas of the skin. However, wormwood cigars are the most widely used. For their manufacture, dried wormwood is crushed and cigars are made from it with a diameter of 1 to 20-30 mm. Sometimes medicinal substances are added to wormwood: dry ginger, garlic, etc. In ancient China, it was believed that the key to success when using cauterization is the formation of blisters, in the absence of which the effect does not occur. However, the lack of sterile conditions during these procedures led to the appearance of purulent complications in the area of ​​burns. The safer and more painless use of acupuncture and acupressure has led to the fact that the method of cauterization is now practically not used.

As a special method of acupressure, used under certain conditions instead of acupuncture and cauterization, pressure is applied with a finger or the tip of a nail on the skin in the area where the biologically active point is located. This method is known in the East under the name of "finger zhen", in Western countries - as a method of pressing, and in our country - as a method of finger point pressure. This method is especially indicated as a self-massage for children and adults who are afraid of injections.

The mechanism of action of massage is the same as that of all the above methods (acupuncture, cauterization) of reflex therapy. It is based primarily on irritation of the mechanoreceptors of the skin (nerve endings that perceive mechanical irritation), subcutaneous tissue, muscle fibers, and nerve plexuses around the vessels.

Depending on the destination, allocate different kinds acupressure - hygienic, cosmetic, therapeutic, restorative, etc. The use of acupressure is indicated as a self-massage for various diseases, as well as a means to relieve physical fatigue.

The effectiveness of the massage depends on the correct choice and definition of the point and on the massaging technique.

Before you start acupressure, you need to learn how to locate biologically active points. For this purpose, two methods are used that complement each other. The first method is to determine the location of points according to anatomical landmarks (for example, ear, eye, spine, nail, various skin folds, etc.). Another method that allows you to determine biological points is the use of cun. According to the ancient Chinese method, the whole human body is divided into puni. Cun is not a specific distance, but a value that is individual for each person, depending on the height of a person, his fullness, physique, etc. In modern clinical practice, the finger cun is the basis for finding points. To determine the length of one cun, it is necessary to bend the middle finger so that, closing with the thumb, it forms a ring. The distance between the skin folds of the second phalanx of the middle finger and will be equal to 1 cun. The width of your thumb, measured slightly below the nail fold, is also 1 cun.

It should be noted that the second method is not suitable for people with deformed altered joints. Thus, by measuring your individual cun, you can get a universal, personal unit of measurement, with which you can find the biologically active points of the body. To facilitate the task, it is advisable to take a white ribbon or a narrow ribbon and put on it up to 15 divisions (each equal to 1 cun). It is advisable to determine cun in men on the left hand, and in women on the right.

Armed with knowledge about the individual tsun, you need to get acquainted with the techniques of acupressure. For a non-specialist, the most accessible and easily digestible are the three main methods of acupressure: light touch, stroking, light and deep finger pressure.

Finger pressure during acupressure should always be strictly vertical, without displacement. The movement of the finger can be rotational or vibrating, but it must be non-stop. The stronger the impact on the point, the shorter it should be. One of the main techniques of acupressure is thumb pressure. Many modern authors believe that the impact should be made with the thumb pad, however, other experts recommend that pressure be applied to the joint between the first and second phalanges of the thumb. In their opinion, with this method it is easier to regulate the force of impact, besides, the finger is less tired. However, regardless of the method of exposure, in all cases, pressure with the fingertip should be excluded, as this can lead to skin injury, the appearance of microabrasions and the development of infectious complications. It should be noted that there is a special technique that is used in acupressure and is called “finger-needle”, when the effect is carried out precisely with the tip of the finger.

There are several methods of thumb pressure.

1. Normal pressure. This method consists in one constant pressure on the point for 3-5 seconds, then the pressure is gradually stopped.

2. Repetitive pressure. The essence of the method is that pressure is carried out in several stages. First, pressure is applied to the point for 5-6 seconds, then, without removing the finger, the pressure is stopped and resumed again, repeating this procedure 3-4 times.

3. Pressing with two thumbs at the same time. With this method, the thumbs touch either the outer edges or the nail ends.

4. Pressing with overlapping thumbs. When using this method, the thumbs are not next to each other, as described in the previous case, but one on top of the other, and pressure is applied simultaneously with two fingers. This technique is used when massaging points located in those parts of the body where there is a large muscle mass.

When massaging different areas of the body, it is advisable to use different techniques for massaging points. So, when exposed to the back of the nose, supra- and infraorbital regions, it is convenient to apply pressure with the pads of two or three fingers at once. When massaging the back, the effect of the palm or its edge can be used, however, such an effect is not on a point, but on the entire reflex zone. In some cases, it is possible to apply the technique of capturing the skin over the area of ​​​​the point with three fingers like a pinch.

Using the finger-needle method requires certain skills in its application. The end of the thumb or middle finger is set strictly vertically above the active point and “sticking” is carried out, which is carried out until an expanding feeling of an ache of heaviness appears in the “needle finger”. Usually pressing lasts 4-5 s. Three-finger piercing is also used - with the thumb, index and middle fingers.

When performing acupressure, in addition to correct technique carrying out the most important tactics of its use. Acupressure is advisable to carry out no longer than 10 minutes. Foot zones can be massaged several (3-4) times a day. For a therapeutic effect, it is usually enough to hold a few clicks on the points for several seconds. In acute pain (headache, toothache, etc.), exposure can be continued for 1-2 minutes. It is extremely important to observe the most important principle of medicine “do no harm”. When conducting acupressure, a person should not experience any unpleasant, and even more so pain. If during the massage there is a heartbeat, sweating, a feeling of heat or nausea, the effect must be stopped.

The most effective use of acupressure is for preventive purposes: to relieve feelings of fatigue, anxiety, excessive stress, etc. It is possible to successfully treat functional diseases of internal organs with acupressure: neurocirculatory dystonia or heart neurosis, initial manifestations of hypertension, functional indigestion, etc. Less effective use of acupressure in the treatment of organic diseases.

There are also a number of conditions and diseases in which acupressure is contraindicated.

These include tumors of any localization, acute diseases accompanied by high fever, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, blood diseases (leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis), pregnancy, conditions associated with a severe disorder of the functions of internal organs (heart failure, stroke, heart attack, severe disorders heart rate, etc.), as well as active forms of tuberculosis and varicose veins of the lower extremities. It is absolutely unacceptable to massage inflamed joints. In any case, when you are going to start treating a disease with acupressure, you need to consult a doctor. It should be remembered that there is no single remedy for all diseases and acupressure can be used in a complex of therapeutic measures. It can complement ongoing drug therapy or physiotherapy.

After a massage session, it is advisable to lie down a little, relax.

Finding points

In order to correctly find the location of certain points, first of all, it is necessary to determine the individual "cun". "Cun" - proportional segments, the size of which depends on the distance between the ends of the folds of the bent middle finger (Fig.).

This distance is different for each person, for a woman it is determined on the right hand, for a man - on the left.

So, to determine where a certain point is, you need to divide all parts of the body into several cun. The following rules will also help you find a particular point:

1. The point is, as a rule, on the border of these segments.

2. Most often, it coincides with a recess that can be felt with a finger.

To correctly locate a particular point, you can also use the following landmarks (Fig.).

Landmarks for finding points: 1 - anterior median line; 2 - zygomatic arch; 3 - auricle; 4 - tragus; 5 - clavicle; 6 - supraclavicular fossa; 7 - subclavian fossa; 8 - styloid process of the radius; 10 - back of the hand; 11 - front surface of the thigh; 12 - anterior surface of the lower leg; 13 - inner ankle; 14 - rear of the foot; 15 - base of the I metatarsal bone; 16 - head of the I metatarsal bone; 17 - arch of the foot; 18 - posterior median line; 19 - supraspinous fossa of the scapula; 20 - scapula; 21 - wrist; 22 - back of the thigh; 23 — a back surface of a shin; 24 - outer ankle; 25 - calcaneal tendon

The most important thing when locating points is accuracy. Only in the case of an accurate determination of the point can the desired effect be achieved. If you act on neighboring points, you can harm the body.

Another important condition for acupressure is the systematic impact on a certain set of points. It is important here both the systematic impact, and the fact that it is necessary to massage the entire complex of points, and not just one point. Only under all these conditions can the greatest effect be achieved.

Technique and methods of acupressure

Before you start, you should learn the basic rules. First, before starting a massage, you need to undergo an examination and establish a diagnosis.

Secondly, work only with warm hands. Thirdly, press with such force that the pressure is clearly felt, but at the same time it does not hurt.

The process of influence on BAP should not be long - it is enough to spend 10 minutes for the entire session, but it should be carried out regularly. Massage should be done in a calm mood, you need to relax and tune in to success.

The massage procedure itself is carried out as follows.

1. Put the pads of the index and (or) middle fingers on the desired acupressure points, which in most cases are located symmetrically. often in small depressions.

2. Carefully feel for the “vital” points with your fingertips, press them with your fingertips and slowly increase the pressure.

3. The pressure should not be rough and sharp, should not leave bruises. The finger should be applied carefully, perpendicular to the surface of the skin and strictly at the indicated point.

4. The average duration of pressure should be between 10 and 30 seconds.

5. Pressing should be stopped as soon as there is a feeling that the body no longer perceives irritation.

6. One point can be pressed sequentially 3-5 times, but after each pressing it is advisable to make a short pause.

7. When self-massage, do not press on a large number of points. You need to watch the reactions of your body.

8. By choosing BAPs that affect the disease, you can determine the sequence of pressing them yourself. In this case, you need to focus on the needs and reaction of your body. At the same time, the positive effect of the procedure manifests itself in different ways: for some, the effect is noticeable immediately, for others - only after a few sessions.

The main techniques of acupressure include rotation ("zhu"), vibration ("tseng") and pressure ("qia").

Reception of rotation performed mainly by the palmar surface of the terminal phalanx II, III or the first fingers of the hand (finger pads), less often the back of the middle phalanges, the terminal phalanx of the first finger, the base of the palm and the fist. Rotation occupies a large place in almost any type of massage, and symmetrical points are processed simultaneously with two hands. Therefore, in order to correctly rotate with both hands, it is necessary to master this technique separately with the right and left hands.

The reception of rotation can be divided into three phases.

1. "Screwing" - the imposition of a fingertip or other massaging area of ​​​​the hand on the acupuncture point and then penetration by smooth, slow rotational movements into the body tissues (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles) to different depths depending on the location of the point. Slow circular movements are performed without sliding on the skin, but always with an increase in pressure.

There is evidence in the literature that the shift in potassium-calcium balance occurring in the tissues affects the neuro-reflex mechanism (V. Natsuk, VS Goydenko). If you massage, that is, perform circular movements in a converging spiral, potassium ions will begin to collect from the surrounding tissues towards the center, which will give an exciting effect. When performing circular movements along an unfolding spiral, the same ions, as more mobile ones, will scatter, leaving inactive calcium ions in the TA, which will give an inhibitory effect. This opinion is difficult to argue scientifically, but practice confirms it.

2. Termination of rotational movements and retention of the finger at a depth with pressure.

3. "Unscrewing" - the return of the finger to its original position. In the third phase, slow circular movements

are also performed without sliding on the skin, but with a decrease in pressure force. At the end of the phase, the finger does not leave the massaged area, and the first phase of a new reception cycle begins immediately, etc.

The frequency of rotational movements is on average equal to one per second.

At the depth of pressure, the so-called intended sensations in the form of bursting, numbness and soreness should occur. The number of rotations, the degree of pressure, the time the finger is held at a depth with pressure depend on the goals of the massage. The direction of rotational movements can be different, although the works of Japanese authors indicate that clockwise rotation of the massaging finger has a tonic effect, counterclockwise - a sedative effect.

When performing a rotation reception, there are errors: rough, painful rotations with a tense brush, causing discomfort and pain; movements on the skin, and not with the skin, which reduces the effect of the reception; injury to the skin with a nail; uneven pace of rotational movements; constant (small or large) force of pressure on the tissues in the first and third phases of the reception, which is unpleasant for the person being massaged and quickly tires the massage therapist.

Vibration reception consists in the application of oscillatory-tremulous movements to a point or painful areas of the body, produced by the pads of one or more fingers, the palm, the elevation of the first finger, or all fingers clenched into a fist. Fingers are usually placed perpendicular or at an acute angle to the acupuncture points. On painful areas of the body, vibration is performed with the palm, fist, or elevation of the First Finger. In all cases, the massaging surface should fit snugly against the massaged area, and oscillatory-tremulous movements are directed into the depths of the tissues.

The force of pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. Therefore, the intended sensations can be different - from feelings of fullness to pain with irradiation.

Vibration is performed stably, that is, in one place, or labile - along the meridian or the entire painful area of ​​​​the body (see "Linear massage"). In addition, the vibration may be intermittent. In this case, the massage therapist's hand, in contact with the massaged surface of the body, each time breaks away from it, as a result of which the technique takes on the character of separate oscillatory-tremulous shocks following one after another.

The amplitude of vibrations should be minimal, and the frequency should be maximum, on average 160-200 vibrations per minute.

Vibration reception can be combined simultaneously with rotational movements, mainly in the delay phase at depth with pressure.

Vibration is a tedious technique for manual execution, and therefore special devices can be used to transmit vibration to the massaged area at different frequencies.

Most common mistakes when performing vibration reception: large amplitude and non-maximum rate of oscillatory movements; injury to the skin with a fingernail.

pressure reception it is mainly carried out with the help of the first finger, and you need to press on the point with the second phalanx from the shoulder, arching the finger, with the arm straightened (Fig. 76). If it is necessary to press on a point with greater force, it is necessary to place the fingers crosswise so that the force of both fingers passes along the same line, but the lower finger would be more rounded. In addition to pressing with the 1st finger, the following varieties are used in acupressure: the second phalanges of the 2nd-4th fingers, the elevation of the 1st finger, the rib or base of the palm, with the burden of the 1st finger with the ulnar edge of the hand.

Direction of effort when performing pressure reception.

Fluoroplastic tip (1) with handle (2).

The pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. The force of pressure is different - from weak to strong, so the sensations envisaged are also different - from the appearance of a feeling of warmth and the appearance of redness to numbness.

Reception is laborious for a massage therapist, and in this regard, in acupressure, spherical tips with a diameter of 1 to 20 mm, made of plexiglass, hardwood (oak, boxwood), duralumin, ebonite, fluoroplast, can be used. The upper figure shows a fluoroplastic tip with a handle, which we use on large muscles (rational proposal No. 51020 dated 06/05/86).

Main mistakes when performing pressure reception: pressing with the first phalanx of the finger, which can lead to injury.

Three methods of acupressure are used: strong, medium and weak.

Strong- inhibitory, analgesic and relaxing (decrease in muscle tone) effect. Pressure is allowed with the force necessary to penetrate through all tissues to the skeletal system and reaching in intensity up to the pain threshold and irradiation. Rotational movements, vibration and pressure are performed periodically, that is, 20-30 s with increasing force and 5-10 s with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time for each point is 5 minutes or more. As guidelines for dosage, you can use the appearance of a vasomotor reaction in the form of the disappearance of a pale spot after the cessation of pressure or the onset of muscle relaxation, clearly felt by a massaging finger.

In sports practice, a strong, inhibitory version of acupressure is mainly used for myogelosis, a distinct muscle hypertonicity.

Average method - a brake option that has a relaxing effect. The pressure is applied with a force penetrating to the muscles, until the intended sensations in the form of bursting, numbness and aches are obtained. The frequency of movements is small, 10-12 s with increasing effort and 3-5 s with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time is 2-3 minutes for each point. The dosage criterion can be a vasomotor reaction in the form of a noticeable reddening of the skin at the massage sites.

It is widely used in all conditions and diseases associated with increased muscle tone.

Weak- an exciting option that has a stimulating effect in the hypotonic state of the muscles. To achieve a stimulating effect, the finger, rotating, vibrating or pressing, goes deep into the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 4-5 seconds, after which it comes off the skin for 1-2 seconds. The duration of exposure at each point is on average 1 min. It is used mainly in medical practice in combination with complexes of physiotherapy exercises.

With deep pressure in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe point under the finger, a small hole should form.

Applying this or that technique, you should carefully act on the point, perpendicular to the surface of the skin. Stroking and pressure should not break the skin, cause sharp pain.

Stroking should be continuous, and the movement of the fingers should be horizontal-rotating clockwise or vibrating. Vibration or rotation must be done at a certain pace (slowing down or accelerating). Rotation can be combined with slight pressure. Strong pressure should be short-lived. Usually pressure is applied with the pad of the thumb or middle finger, sometimes with the help of other fingers. Depending on the duration and intensity of exposure, there is a tonic or calming effect. From this follow two main methods of acupressure: tonic and soothing.

The tonic method is characterized by short strong pressures and the same quick removal of the finger from the point. Intermittent vibration is also characteristic of this method. The duration of exposure to a point by this method is from 30 to 60 seconds.

The soothing method is characterized by smooth, slow rotational movements (not shifting the skin) or pressure with the fingertips with a gradual increase in pressure and holding the finger at a depth. The movements are repeated 3-4 times, while the finger does not come off the point. The impact on the point with the calming method is continuous. The duration of exposure to each point is from 3 to 5 minutes.

The conditions for conducting a massage by one method or another are the same: before the massage, take a comfortable position, completely relax, distract yourself from extraneous thoughts, focusing all your attention on the massage. The desired result occurs sometimes during a massage session, sometimes - after it, in some cases - after a course of massage, consisting of several sessions. Often it is enough to act on 2-3 points to feel the positive effect of massage. Therefore, you should not rush to massage all the points. Firstly, it is necessary to follow a certain sequence, and secondly, do not rush to move from one point to another.

Indications and contraindications for acupressure and linear massage

Acupressure and linear massage has a number of advantages over other types of reflexology:

1) learning finger massage is much easier than, for example, acupuncture;

2) hygiene requirements during massage sessions are minimal and do not require any complex devices, disinfectants;

3) these types of massage can be carried out on an outpatient basis and in any forced conditions (on the street, in industrial premises);

4) the effectiveness of exposure in experienced massage therapists is not inferior to acupuncture;

5) finger massage is very convenient when providing emergency assistance, as well as in the form of self-massage;

6) point and linear self-massage is very effective for restoring working capacity and with physical fatigue.

Hygienic requirements for acupressure and linear massage are similar to those for manual classical massage and are widely described in the literature.

When using methods of reflexology in medical and sports practice, one should be guided by the indications and contraindications for these types of massage.

Main indications

The main indications for the use of acupressure and linear massage in practice are pain sensations of functional origin and hypertonicity of the muscular system, as well as the following diseases:

1. Neuroses.

Neuroses of fear.

hysterical neurosis.

Depressive neurosis.

Neurasthenia.

Separate neurotic syndromes such as hiccups, aerophagia, etc.

2. Diseases of the nervous system.

Neuritis of the facial nerve.

Trigeminal neuralgia.

Neuritis of the radial, ulnar, median nerves, brachial plexitis, sciatica.

Vegetative-vascular syndromes.

3. Diseases of the circulatory system.

Essential benign hypertension stage I.

Reflex angina.

Heart rhythm disturbances (extrasystole) not associated with severe pathology of the heart muscle. Hypotension.

4. Diseases of the digestive system.

Functional disorders of the esophagus.

Functional disorders of the stomach.

Functional bowel disorders.

5. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system of connective tissue.

Spondyloarthritis.

Osteoarthritis, deforming arthrosis, spondylosis, traumatic spondylopathy.

Arthritis (rheumatic, allergic).

Lumbago, intercostal myalgia, humeroscapular periarthritis.

6. Osteochondrosis of the spine.

Neurodystrophic syndromes of cervical and lumbar osteochondrosis.

Shoulder sciatica.

Radiculitis cervical.

Thoracic sciatica with visceral pain.

Lumbosacral sciatica.

Relative readings

Acupressure and linear massage can be considered as a symptomatic therapy for organic diseases of the nervous system and internal organs, in which there are structural changes in organs and systems. However, in some cases, positive changes and even delays in the process of the disease may appear, not to mention the general strengthening and psychotherapeutic effect of reflexology.

Contraindications

The main group of contraindications are:

1) benign tumors;

2) all malignant neoplasms of the organs of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue;

3) diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs;

4) acute infectious diseases and febrile conditions of unclear etiology;

5) myocardial infarction;

6) thrombosis and embolism of veins in the acute period;

7) sharp exhaustion;

8) physical overstrain;

9) acute inflammatory processes of the musculoskeletal system;

10) tuberculosis;

11) gastric and duodenal ulcer;

12) mental disorders;

13) pregnancy;

14) advanced age.

It is not recommended to carry out acupressure in case of severe heart diseases, in the presence of pathology in the work of the kidneys, lungs, as well as at high body temperature. Do not resort to acupressure during menstruation, while intoxicated and on an empty stomach. Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure can also adversely affect the body if acupressure is performed.

It is forbidden to drink coffee, strong tea, alcoholic drinks, spicy and salty foods throughout the course of the massage. It is also not recommended to take a bath during a therapeutic massage course. It is best to take a short warm shower or wash each part of the body separately, taking a break of several hours.

In matters of indications and contraindications for the use of acupressure and linear massage, it is not enough to be guided only by the nosological principle, it is necessary to take into account individual symptoms and syndromes of diseases, individual reactivity. For example, acupressure as a method of analgesic (pain-relieving) action can be used for benign tumors with a sharp pain syndrome and for other diseases.

Additionally, it should be borne in mind that acupressure and linear massage after physiotherapeutic procedures can be carried out after 3-4 hours and not earlier than 3 months after X-ray therapy, taking large doses of narcotic, psychotropic drugs and steroid hormones.

Acupressure for nausea and vomiting

All points are shown in the figures (see below)

Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that accompany many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is completely futile to treat them without knowing the causes that caused them, since the main cause of these conditions will not be eliminated. However, using acupressure, you can alleviate your condition. To do this, it is advisable to massage the following points:

3.36 - Zu-san-li.

8.21 - Yu-men. The point is symmetrical, located 2 cun below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process and 0.5 cun away from the midline.

9.6 — Nei Kuan ("Inner Opener"). The point is located 2 cun above the wrist crease on the median line of the forearm, between the tendons in the depression between the ulna and the radius. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the median nerve passing in depth.

The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the heart, tachycardia, myocarditis, pain in the elbow and shoulder, with increased blood pressure, gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as bronchial asthma and neuroses.

12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 cun outward from the interdigital fold, between the thumb and second toe.

14.12 - Zhong-wan ("Middle Channel"). The point is located 4 cun above the navel in the midline of the abdomen.

Acupressure for chronic gastritis

Treatment of chronic gastritis must be comprehensive. Acupressure can be successfully used in the treatment of chronic gastritis in combination with other traditional methods.

In the treatment of chronic gastritis, the following points should be massaged.

3.25 - Tian-shu. The point is used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, chronic cholecystitis, menstrual disorders, urinary retention.

3.36 - Zu-san-li. The point is stimulated in the treatment of gastric ulcer, gastritis, functional diseases of the central nervous system, diseases of the oral cavity, hypertension, psoriasis.

8.21 -Yu-men.

12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 cun outside the interdigital crease between the big and second toes.

13.14 - Da-zhui.

14.12 — Zhong-wan. Refers to points of general action.

In the region of the point are the epigastric artery and branches of the intercostal nerves.

The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the stomach, intestines, nausea, stomach ulcers, gastroduodenitis, gastritis, cholecystitis, asthenic conditions and neuroses.

14.14 — Ju Que. The point is located 2 cun below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process.

It is advisable to massage the lower thoracic spine with your hands or with a masseur. Massage your feet using a rolling pin.

To do this, sitting on the floor, put your feet on a rolling pin and roll it.

The following exercise has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract.

Massage your index fingers.

Then sit on a chair, rest your palms on the seat, straighten your arms, lift your legs, keeping them parallel to the floor, and try to lift your body off the chair. If you succeed, stay in this position for 5 seconds and repeat the exercise 5 times, and then, after a short break, do the exercise again.

Acupressure for neurocirculatory dystonia

Neurocirculatory dystonia is a functional disease of the cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by pain in the region of the heart; possible increase or decrease in blood pressure. The diagnosis of neurocirculatory dystonia is established by a doctor. Pain in neurocirculatory dystonia is burning, shooting, pulling, piercing in nature, usually localized in the region of the heart, does not radiate, lasts a long time, is stopped (removed) by taking validol, corvalol, and also during exercise. In the complex of measures for the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia, along with the normalization lifestyle, reduction of stress loads, adherence to the regime of work and rest and the use of medications, an important role may belong to acupressure, which helps to reduce pain or get rid of it. In this disease, massage of the following points is recommended.

5.5 - Tun-li. The point is located 1 cun above the proximal fold of the wrist joint, between the flexor tendons.

5.7 — Shenmen ("Gate of the Spirit"). The point is located on the arm, in the anterior region, in the inner section of the proximal wrist fold, between the tendons of the flexors of the fingers.

9.6-Nei-guan.

It is also possible to use other points.

3.36 - Zu-san-li.

4.6 - San-ying-chiao.

13.48 — Bao Huang. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the vestiges of the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

2.37 - Huh. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the spinous processes of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae.

Contrast foot baths also help relieve pain in the heart area. To do this, you need to take two basins, one of them with water at a temperature of 40-42 ° C, and the other half as much (20-21 ° C). The feet are dipped into a hot bath; when they get warm, dip their feet in cool water; as soon as a feeling of chilliness appears, they again lower their legs into hot water. This procedure is repeated several times, ending with cold water, and then the legs are rubbed with a terry towel until redness. For the elderly, the water temperature may be reduced to 37°C, while the use of a contrast shower may be recommended for young people.

To relieve pain, you can use a hot bath (41-42 ° C) for 7-10 minutes for the right hand.

Acupressure for hypertension

The use of acupressure can be a powerful adjuvant in the complex treatment of hypertension. However, before

use acupressure, you must always consult with your doctor, as only he can determine the presence of contraindications to such treatment. In the treatment of hypertension, it is necessary to control the level of blood pressure. It is necessary to take into account the individual reaction, as well as the dynamics of blood pressure when exposed to certain groups of points, and the most favorable of them should be used for repeated exposures. It is not recommended to carry out acupressure on your own in case of cerebrovascular accident and other complications of hypertension.

Most often, massage of the following points is used to treat hypertension.

3.36 - Zu-san-li.

9.b-Nei-guan.

4.6 — San-yin-jiao.

The point affects both the maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) blood pressure and is one of the most important in the treatment of hypertension.

2.11 - Qu-chi.

3.44 — Nei-ting ("Lower Hall"). The point is located between the heads of the II and III metatarsal bones. This is where the dorsal artery and dorsal nerve are located. The point is used for diseases of the stomach, small intestine, oral mucosa, headache, inflammatory diseases of the joints of the feet, sleep disorders.

2.15 - Jianyu ("shoulder bed"). The point is located above the shoulder joint, between the acromial process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponds to the cavity formed during passive abduction of the arm. The location of the point corresponds to the middle of the deltoid muscle.

Point massage is recommended for diseases of the upper limbs, radiculitis, shoulder plexitis, neuritis, arthritis and arthrosis of the shoulder joint. The point is part of the collar zone, which is why it is used for autonomic disorders, pathology of the small pelvis.

12.14 - Qi-men 403].

5.7 - Shen-men. Point massage is carried out with a decrease in appetite, pain in the region of the heart, paroxysmal tachycardia of a neurogenic nature. The impact on this point is especially indicated for neurosis, depression, anxiety, fear, memory loss and attention.

1 and 5-Jiu-wei.

9.7 - Da-ling ("Big Hill"). The point is located in the middle of the wrist fold in the area of ​​the wrist joint, between the tendons of the long palmar muscle and the radial flexor of the hand. The median nerve passes at the location of the point.

The point affects the maximum (systolic) blood pressure.

Acupressure for osteochondrosis of the spine

All points are shown in the pictures (see the article general about acupressure)

Osteochondrosis is one of the most common diseases of the ligamentous-articular apparatus. The development of the disease is associated with a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle, poor posture, excessive physical exertion. The use of acupressure at home can be an effective tool in the treatment of this disease.

Before starting a massage session, it is advisable to use universal points that are used for various diseases:

3.36 (Tzu-san-ly). Then you should start massaging the points located on the meridian of the bladder. All of them are located on the back.

7.22 - San-jiao-shu. The point is symmetrical, located 1.5 cun away from the depression under the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra.

7.23 - Shen-shu. The point is used in the treatment of kidney disease, pain in the lumbar region, menstrual disorders, hearing loss, diabetes, hemorrhoids and intestinal colic.

7.24 - Chi-hai-shu.

7.25 - Da-chan-shu.

7.26 - Kuan-yuan-shu. The location of the point is the same as 7.25 (Da-chan-shu), only under the 5th lumbar vertebra.

7.60 - Kun-lun ("The name of the mountain in Tibet"). The point is located in the middle of the depression between the center of the outer ankle and the calcaneal tendon, at the level of the top of the ankle. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the location of the short peroneal muscle, the posterior artery of the ankle and the sural nerve.

Point massage is indicated for headaches, dizziness, pain in the neck, back, lower back, diseases of the pelvic organs, ankle joint, arterial hypertension, neuroses and insomnia.

13.4 — Ming-men ("Gate of life"). The point is located directly between the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. In this area are the posterior branches of the lumbar artery and the posterior branches of the lumbar plexus.

The point is massaged for headaches, radicular pain syndrome of lumbar localization, neuroses, especially those combined with insomnia, asthenic conditions, hemorrhoids, intestinal colic, dysfunction of the pelvic organs.

Acupressure for neurasthenia

Neurasthenia is one of the most common types of neurosis, which is manifested by increased excitability and irritability, combined with fatigue and exhaustion. A patient with neurasthenia quickly falls asleep, but also quickly wakes up from the slightest rustle, reactions of irritation, resentment and anger easily occur, but they are short-lived, as exhaustion sets in quickly. In some cases, neurasthenia is the result of mental overwork or the chronic effect of a psychotraumatic situation. There are two main forms of neurasthenia: a) hypersthenic, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of increased excitability, and b) hyposthenic, characterized by lethargy, apathy, and drowsiness. The choice of a formula for acupressure depends on the clinical manifestations of the disease and is determined by the leading pathological symptom. The principles of treatment of neurasthenia and the main points for acupressure are as follows.

13.14-Da-zhui.

7.60 - Kun-lun.

13.20 - Bai-hui.

2.11 -Qui-chi.

In the case of pronounced tearfulness, emotional instability, a good effect has an effect on the following points.

2.4-He-gu. 7.10 - Tian-chzhu 399].

7.15-Gao-huang.

7.34 - Xia-lyao. The point is located below the waist, above the 4th sacral foramen.

14.4 - Guan yuan. The point is located in the midline below the navel by 3 cun.

Insomnia

If you suffer from insomnia, instead of using sleeping pills, we recommend massaging the following points before going to bed.

4.6 - San-yin-jiao.

5.7 - Shen-men. 7.10 - Tian-chzhu 399]. 9.6 - Nei-guan. 11.20-Feng-chi. .SH4-Da-zhui)