APPROVED

Order of the Chairman of the Committee

Control of medical and
pharmaceutical activity
Ministry of Health

Republic of Kazakhstan

From "____" ______________20

№ ______________

Instructions for medical use

medicinal product

Eufillin

Tradename

Eufillin

International non-proprietary name

Aminophylline

Dosage form

Solution for intravenous administration 2.4% 5 ml

Compound

5 ml of solution contain

active substance- eufillin for injections in terms of anhydrous substance 120 mg,

excipient - water for injections.

Description

Clear colorless or slightly yellowish liquid

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Other drugs for the treatment of obstructive airways disease for systemic use. Xanthines.

ATC code R03DA05

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

After intravenous administration, 60% is in a state associated with blood proteins (with cirrhosis of the liver, the proportion of the protein-bound fraction decreases to 35%, and in newborns this figure is 36%). It penetrates well through histohematic barriers and is evenly distributed in the blood, extracellular fluid and muscle tissue. Does not accumulate in adipose tissue. Penetrates through the placental barrier and into mother's milk. The volume of distribution is 0.3-0.7 l/kg (mean 0.45 l/kg).

The bronchodilatory effect is manifested while maintaining its concentration in the blood plasma at a level of 10-20 μg / ml. The concentration of aminophylline in plasma over 20 μg / ml is toxic.

It undergoes intensive metabolism in the liver (about 90%), under the influence of methylases and cytochrome P450, it partially passes into caffeine. In children under 3 years of age, the concentration of caffeine can reach 30% of the concentration of aminophylline. In adults and children older than 3 years, the phenomenon of caffeine accumulation is not observed.

It is excreted by the kidneys, 10% in adults and about 50% in children - unchanged. The elimination half-life of aminophylline (T1 / 2) in newborns and children under 6 months is> 24 hours; in children older than 6 months - 3.7 hours; in adults who do not suffer from broncho-pulmonary pathology - 8.7 hours. In persons who smoke 20-40 cigarettes per day, T1 / 2 is shortened to 4-5 hours. In persons with obstructive pulmonary diseases, heart failure and cor pulmonale, the half-elimination period nation is extended to 24 hours.

Pharmacodynamics

It has a bronchodilatory, vasodilating, antispasmodic, tocolytic and diuretic effect.

The mechanism of action is associated with a blocking effect on the A2 type of purine receptors in smooth muscle cells. Eufillin causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bronchi, coronary, cerebral and pulmonary vessels, the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract. Eufillin reduces the hyperreactivity of the respiratory tract in response to the entry of allergens into them.

Eufillin increases the contractility of skeletal (including respiratory muscles - diaphragm, intercostal muscles) and slows down the development of their fatigue. It has a stimulating effect on the heart muscle, increasing the force of its contraction (positive inotropic effect). Expansion of the vessels of the renal glomeruli is accompanied by an increase in blood filtration in the kidneys and a short-term increase in diuresis. Stimulates the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata, improves alveolar ventilation, and causes a decrease in the frequency and severity of sleep apnea episodes. Eufillin suppresses the rhythmic contractions of the pregnant uterus, increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, slightly reduces the ability of platelets to adhere and aggregate.

Indications for use

Broncho-obstructive syndrome in bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cardiac asthma (mainly for relief of attacks)

Violation of cerebral circulation by ischemic type (as part of combination therapy)

Hypertension in the pulmonary circulation

Left ventricular failure with bronchospasm and respiratory failure of the Cheyne-Stokes type (as part of combination therapy)

Asthmatic status (adjunctive therapy)

Dosage and administration

Adults:

Enter intravenously slowly (within 4-6 minutes) 5-10 ml of a 24 mg / ml solution (0.12-0.24 g), which is previously diluted in 10-20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. When palpitations, dizziness, nausea appear, the rate of administration is slowed down or switched to drip administration, for which 10-20 ml of a 24 mg / ml solution (0.24-0.48 g) is diluted in 100-150 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution; administered at a rate of 30-50 drops per minute.

Eufillin is administered parenterally up to 3 times a day, no more than 14 days.

The highest doses of aminophylline for adults: single - 0.25 g, daily - 0.5 g.

In emergencies, adults are administered intravenously at a dose of 6 mg / kg, diluted in 10-20 ml of a 0.9% NaCl solution, injected slowly over at least 5 minutes. With asthmatic status, intravenous drip is indicated - 720-750 mg. The drug is not recommended for children under 14 years of age due to side effects.

Higher doses for children intravenously: single - 3 mg / kg, daily - 0.25-0.5 g.

Side effects

Dizziness, headache, restlessness, sleep disturbances, tremors, convulsions, facial flushing, increased sweating

Chest pain, palpitations (tachypnea), cardiac arrhythmias, with rapid intravenous administration - an attack of angina pectoris, a sharp decrease in blood pressure

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, exacerbation of peptic ulcer, diarrhea

Albuminuria, hematuria, increased diuresis

Skin allergic reactions: urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, fever

In some cases, hypoglycemia

Phlebitis at the injection site.

Side effects decrease with a decrease in the dose of the drug.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to aminophylline and other methylxanthines

Acute phase of myocardial infarction

Severe arterial hypotension and hypertension

Severe tachyarrhythmia

Hemorrhagic stroke

Retinal hemorrhage

Severe liver and/or kidney dysfunction

Epilepsy

Ephedrine (in children)

Children's age up to 14 years

Drug Interactions

Ephedrine, β-agonists, caffeine and furosemide enhance the effect of the drug.

In combination with phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, isoniazid, carbamazepine and sulfinpyrazone, an acceleration of the metabolism of aminophylline is observed, which is accompanied by a decrease in its effect and may require an increase in the doses of the drug used.

In smokers (20-40 cigarettes per day), an acceleration of the metabolism of aminophylline is also observed.

When administered in combination with antibiotics of the macrolide group, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, combined oral contraceptives, disulfiram, fluvoxamine, viloxazine, influenza vaccines and β-blockers, the elimination of the drug slows down, which is accompanied by an increase in its plasma concentration and may require a dose reduction.

With the joint introduction of xanthines with benzylpenicillin, its chemical inactivation occurs.

Eufillin weakens the therapeutic effects of lithium salts, pyridoxine and β-blockers. In turn, the appointment of β-blockers weakens the bronchodilating effect of aminophylline. When taking aminophylline together with β-agonists, glucocorticosteroids and diuretics, the risk of developing hypoglycemia increases.

Eufillin increases the likelihood of developing undesirable effects of mineralocorticosteroids (hypernatremia), fluorinated derivatives of anesthetics (ventricular arrhythmias), CNS stimulants (neurotoxicity).

The joint appointment of xanthines with cardiac glycosides is dangerous for the development of intoxication by the latter.

Compatible with antispasmodics, do not use in conjunction with other xanthine derivatives. With simultaneous use with antibiotics of the macrolide group, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, enoxacin, small doses of ethanol, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, recombinant interferon alfa, methotrexate, mexiletine, propafenone, tibeabendazole, ticlopidine, verapamil and influenza vaccination the intensity of the action of aminophylline may increase, which may require a reduction in its dose.

Pharmaceutically incompatible with acid solutions, solutions of glucose, fructose and levulose. When preparing for infusion, the pH of the solutions used should be taken into account.

special instructions

Use in geriatrics

The use of aminophylline in persons over 60 years of age should be carried out in low doses.

The drug is prescribed with caution, under constant medical supervision, to patients:

With severe impairment of liver and kidney function (hepatic and / or

kidney failure)

With bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in a recent history

For severe coronary insufficiency

With widespread atherosclerosis of the vessels

With frequent ventricular extrasystoles

With increased convulsive readiness

With uncontrolled hypothyroidism (possibility of cumulation) or

Thyrotoxicosis

With prolonged hyperthermia

With gastroesophageal reflux

With prostatic hypertrophy

Use with caution, under the constant supervision of a physician, is necessary in patients with severe arterial hypertension, hyperthyroidism, tachycardia, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (history). In chronic heart failure, liver failure, viral infections or pneumonia, dose reduction of aminophylline is required.

Eufillin is not used simultaneously with other xanthine derivatives.

During treatment, avoid the use food products and drinks containing xanthine derivatives (strong tea, coffee, chocolate, cocoa, mate).

Pregnancy and lactation

The use of aminophylline during pregnancy can lead to the creation of potentially dangerous concentrations of theophylline and caffeine in the body of the newborn and fetus. Newborns whose mothers received aminophylline during pregnancy (especially the third trimester) need medical supervision to control possible symptoms of methylxanthines intoxication. The appointment of the drug during pregnancy and lactation requires an assessment of the potential risk to the child and is made only for extreme vital indications. Breast-feeding while taking the drug should be discontinued.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Given the side effects of the drug, during the period of treatment, you should refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require an increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Overdose

Symptoms: occur when the concentration of the drug in plasma is more than 20 mcg / ml. Characterized by prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, flushing of the face, arrhythmia, agitation, photophobia, tremor and convulsions. At blood levels above 40 μg / ml, coma develops.

Treatment: assistance measures include drug withdrawal, forced diuresis with the use of loop diuretics: furosemide, trosemide, at a level of more than 50 μg / ml - hemosorption, plasmapheresis are indicated. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is ineffective. With convulsive syndrome - intramuscular injection of diazepam (barbiturates are contraindicated!). To stop arrhythmias, intravenous administration of lidocaine or verapamil is used. When vomiting, intravenous administration of metoclopramide or ondansetron is used. The use of etaperazine or other antipsychotics as antiemetics

Contraindicated! As a specific antidote for euphylline intoxication, intravenous jet administration of riboxin (inositol) in isotonic sodium chloride solution is used (glucose or dextrose solutions should not be used for dilution).

Release form and packaging

Solution in 5 ml ampoules.

10 ampoules each with instructions for use in the state and Russian languages ​​and a knife for opening ampoules in a cardboard box. It is allowed to insert instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages ​​in a group package in the amount corresponding to the number of boxes. 5 ampoules are placed in an insert made of polyvinyl chloride film. 2 inserts with ampoules, together with a knife for opening ampoules and with instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages, are put into a pack of cardboard for consumer packaging.

Eufillin dropper in ampoules is used to treat pathologies that are accompanied by airway obstruction and other diseases with spasms of smooth muscles. It contains the active ingredient theophylline. Release form: solution with different concentrations of this ingredient, packaged in glass ampoules. The drug is used for intramuscular injection. When diluting the drug in water, you can use it for intravenous injections. The dosage and duration of treatment is prescribed by the attending physician.

What is this drug?

Eufillin is an antispasmodic that helps to relax the smooth muscles of the uterus, bronchi, and bile ducts. After application, the drug eliminates spasm and muscle contractions. For example, in diseases of the bronchi, it reduces spasm, with the threat of miscarriage, it eliminates excessive uterine contractions.

The medicine Eufillin is produced by several manufacturers. The brand name may be different because pharmaceutical factories tend to register their own brand. This is Eufillin-Darnitsa and UBF. However, the composition of the solution does not change. It is produced according to the same formula that was patented many years ago.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a solution for injection and tablets. Solutions are of two types:

• for intramuscular injection (concentration of 24% aminophylline).
• for intravenous administration (concentration 2, 4% aminophylline).

Additionally, the composition of the solution includes water and a preservative. The preservative is determined by the formula of the manufacturing plant.

Action on the body

With the use of aminophylline, the work of the muscles between the ribs and the ventilation of the alveolar space improve. The drug enhances the local immune defense of the mucous membranes from aggressive pathogenic agents (viruses, bacteria). It expands the lumen of blood vessels, relieving the tension of their walls, reduces the pressure of blood flow in the lungs. The drug improves the functioning of the heart muscle, enhances the production of adrenaline, and has a diuretic effect.

The dropper prevents the formation of blood clots and prolongs the life of red blood cells in the body. It relaxes the walls of the uterus during muscle contractions, threatening premature birth and abortion.

Indications for treatment

Eufillin is recommended if the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchitis, and sleep apnea. It is used to reduce high intracranial pressure, to eliminate asthma attacks, with impaired circulation of the brain, which develops with strokes and its edema.

Eufillin injections are intravenously prescribed if the patient develops heart failure in acute or chronic form. Such injections lower the pressure in the vessels of the lungs, relieve swelling in kidney diseases. The medicine helps with neuralgia (like Milgamma and its substitutes). It is used in gynecology at the risk of premature birth or at the risk of miscarriage. It has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the uterus and relieves spasms. Do not recommend a dropper at home.

Contraindications of the drug

Eufillin has a synthetic nature and a number of contraindications in which it should not be used:

• It is not recommended to give injections with aminophylline for heart attacks, arrhythmias, tachycardia.
• Do not put them with attacks of epilepsy, peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract (acute phase), with gastritis.
• Treatment with an injection solution should not be carried out if the patient has severe liver disease, kidney disease, there is a risk of retinal hemorrhage.
• It is forbidden to take it with intolerance to aminophylline.

Doctors recommend using it with caution for the treatment of children under 14 years of age, elderly patients. The risk group also includes nursing mothers, pregnant women, people suffering from atherosclerosis. Such treatment is carried out only under the supervision of the attending physician, with any side effects or deterioration in health, the medicine is canceled.

Instructions for use

The dosage of the drug and the duration of the course of treatment is determined based on the diagnosed disease, age, weight of the patient and other factors:

• If a person is in a state of need urgent care, then the solution is administered intravenously over 30 minutes at a dosage of 5.6 mg per kilogram of weight.
• For droppers, the drug is brought to the required concentration aqueous solution NaCl and saline.
• For routine maintenance treatment, injections are given intravenously at a dosage of 0.9 mg per kilogram of body weight.
• When taking theophylline before treatment with this medication, the dosage should be halved.
• The maximum daily dose varies from 0.4 to 0.5 ml per kg of patient weight.
• When treating young children, consultation with a doctor is required. Newborns and children under the age of 3 months can be administered no more than 60 mg of the active substance per day. In children older than 3 months, the dosage varies from 60 to 500 mg per day.
• For the treatment of COPD in children, the initial dose should not exceed 6 mg per kg of body weight.
• The course of treatment depends on the patient's performance, the diagnosis and the effectiveness of therapy. It may take several months.

Side effects of Eufillin

After taking the medicine, patients may experience anxiety, insomnia. They feel dizzy, their limbs cramp, and their muscles begin to tremor. At the same time, the work of the heart muscle is disrupted, heart palpitations begin. After the injections, a migraine occurs, the patient is agitated, quickly irritated.

If a woman is pregnant, then heart palpitations and arrhythmia may occur when taking the medicine in the last months of the term. In addition, angina pectoris develops, blood pressure rises. With a long course of treatment with aminophylline, appetite may decrease, nausea occurs, and there are bouts of vomiting. Sometimes the drug provokes diarrhea or the development of stomach and duodenal ulcers.

• Side effects can manifest as a rash on the skin, a person has a fever, and itching appears.
• Pain in the sternum may develop, diuresis increases, the person sweats heavily.
• It is often enough to simply reduce the dose of the drug to minimize the side effects that have occurred.
• After a skin puncture, this area may hurt, swell. There are seals and swelling.

Overdose: symptoms and patient care

After the introduction of too large a dose of the drug, the appetite worsens, diarrhea develops, there is vomiting with blood, nausea. After an overdose, tachycardia may begin, internal gastric bleeding develops. There may be problems with sleep, convulsions and tremors in the limbs begin, photophobia and tachycardia develop.

When the dose is increased, the patient may be agitated, he starts having epileptic seizures, develops hypokalemia, and blood pressure drops. A person often begins confusion and kidney failure.

To stop the symptoms and improve the condition, it is necessary to stop the drug. The patient is washed out the stomach, given laxatives and activated charcoal. Symptomatic treatment is also carried out with metoclopramide and ondansetron if the patient vomits. For convulsions, oxygen therapy with airway support is recommended.

With epileptic seizures, it is necessary to give the patient an intravenous injection of diazepam. If a person vomits strongly, then intravenous injections of metoclopramide, ondansetron should be administered.

Nuances of application

The drug should be used with caution in heart attacks, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis. Under the supervision of a physician, treatment is carried out for renal and hepatic insufficiency, with a stomach ulcer or gastrointestinal tract. Treatment should be monitored for hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and prostatic hypertrophy.

The drug should be used with caution in the treatment of the elderly and children. This is especially true when taking pills.

Reducing the dosage may be necessary in case of impaired liver function, with chronic alcohol dependence, if a person has a fever, with acute respiratory disease. Dose reduction is possible when treatment is given to an elderly person. If a drug with the same active substance is chosen, then regular tests should be carried out to determine its concentration in the blood.

1. During treatment, you should not drink strong brewed tea and coffee, take theophylline and purine derivatives.
2. Do not combine the drug with beta-blockers.
3. It is not recommended to inject if you have to drive a car or other mechanisms. The ingredients of the drug, being absorbed into the blood, scatter attention, the sharpness of reactions is lost.

Medication during pregnancy

The instructions for use state that its use at this time may threaten the health of the child. In the blood of a newborn, doctors often detect a high concentration of caffeine and aminophylline.

If the mother undergoes a course of injections with this remedy, but the children are observed by doctors after birth to exclude xanthine intoxication. When taking aminophylline, doctors assess the risks and possible consequences. The medicine is prescribed for extreme vital signs.

Why pregnant women are prescribed aminophylline?

Indications during the gestation period:

• Tissue swelling.
• placental insufficiency.
• Preeclampsia.
• The threat of miscarriage or premature birth.

Pregnancy in the annotation is prescribed as a contraindication, so there is no clear treatment regimen. The doctor prescribes the dosage and schedule of admission, based on the diagnosis of the woman, her state of health. In pregnant women, during the course of treatment, a strong heartbeat may begin, weakness is observed.

Electrophoresis with the drug

This procedure is performed for people of any age to relax the muscles, reduce intracranial pressure. It is used in complex therapy for diseases of the joints. Electrophoresis is used to improve blood circulation in certain areas (neck, lower back). It acts pointwise, without having a systemic effect. Therefore, the procedure is used even for infants and is well tolerated by all groups of patients.

To carry out the procedure, a piece of gauze is wetted in the medicine (at a concentration of 2.4%), electrodes are applied to the desired area. During the procedure, the patient feels warmth or tingling. The course of treatment is 10 sessions of 10-15 minutes. The procedure is done every other day, then a break is needed.

Eufillin and alcoholic drinks

The drug is not combined with alcohol, because it increases the toxic effect on the body, enhancing the effects of the drug. Against this background, pressure drops, suffocation begins, the heartbeat quickens, arrhythmia and tachycardia develop. Due to the relaxation of the muscles of the lungs, sometimes there is a complete cessation of breathing, with weakened vessels of the brain, hemorrhages are possible. In rare cases, taking alcohol and aminophylline at the same time provokes a fatal outcome.

Storage conditions, vacation conditions

The medicine is dispensed by prescription. Its cost depends on the form of release and varies from 11 to 94 rubles per pack.

Eufillin, instructions for use in ampoules (intravenously) of which is present in each package, belongs to the category of bronchodilators. The use of the solution is carried out parenterally (drip, jet, intramuscular). Eufillin (shots) is prescribed for adults, tablets are more suitable for children.

Eufillin is a solution for intravenous administration, which is a colorless transparent liquid poured into glass ampoules. The active ingredient is aminophylline, its concentration does not exceed 24 mg / ml. Distilled water acts as an additive. Ampoules are packaged in cardboard boxes (5 pcs each). Produced in Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine.

pharmachologic effect

Eufillin (intravenously and for intramuscular administration) has a diuretic, antispasmodic, tocolytic and bronchodilatory effect on the body. The solution for injection helps with pathologies accompanied by obstruction (obstruction) of the respiratory tract. Eufillin intramuscular can be considered a medicine for systemic use.

The principle of action of Eufillin in ampoules is based on the ability of the drug to block the adenosine (purine) receptors of bronchial cells and accelerate the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in them. With regular use, there is a decrease in the rate of entry of calcium ions through the channels of cell membranes and a decrease in muscle contractile activity.

Therapeutic effect of Eufillin:

• improvement of alveolar ventilation;
• stimulation of breathing;
• increased sensitivity of the respiratory center;
• improving the activity of the respiratory and intercostal muscles;
• increase in mucociliary coefficient;
• stimulation of diaphragm contractions;
• bronchial relaxation.

The drug can be used for sleep apnea: the drug normalizes breathing, provides an influx of oxygen and reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide. The drug is able to stimulate the activity of the heart muscle, normalizing the frequency of its contractions. Accelerates blood microcirculation, reduces the tension of the walls of blood vessels.

Diuretic properties are manifested in the form of an increase in the volume of blood flow in the kidneys. Eufillin in ampoules expands the bile ducts, improves the rheological properties of blood and minimizes the risk of blood clots. The tocolytic effect is manifested in the form of a decrease in contractility and excitability of the myometrium. When using Eufillin in high doses, an epileptogenic effect is observed.

When it enters the systemic circulation, the active ingredient is 60% bound to plasma proteins. Metabolism is carried out by the liver. The half-life is 3-6 hours. Excreted by the kidneys or intestines (partially).

Indications and contraindications for use

In the instructions present in each box of Euphyllin, possible contraindications and indications for use are prescribed. The drug is prescribed for the following pathologies:

• left ventricular failure (bronchospasm, Cheyne-Stokes breathing);
• prolonged migraines;
• hypertension of the pulmonary circle;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency of the brain;
• broncho-obstructive syndrome with emphysema, cardiac asthma or bronchitis.

The main contraindications are:

• severe liver and kidney disease;
• sepsis;
• porphyria;
• hyperthyroidism;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• hypothyroidism of uncontrolled type;
• gastroesophageal reflux;
• increased threshold of convulsive readiness;
• epileptic seizures;
• ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage);
• hemorrhages in the retina;
• bleeding (gastric, intestinal in anamnesis);
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• pulmonary edema;
• severe arterial hypertension;
• paroxysmal hypotension;
• tachycardia;
• extrasystole;
• angina;
• myocardial infarction;
• acute heart failure;
• individual intolerance to the active ingredient or additional substances.

The high risk of side effects makes it impossible to use Eufillin in children under the age of 14 years. Lactation and pregnancy are considered relative contraindications. Children under 3 years of age do not inject the solution into a vein. Droppers with Euphyllin for osteochondrosis dilate blood vessels, helping to stop a pain attack. Regardless of the form of release, the drug can be taken with bronchial asthma.

Eufillin during pregnancy

Eufillin is prescribed for women in a position for health reasons in the absence of a threat to the life of the mother and child. According to reviews, a pregnant woman's heart rate increases, dizziness and weakness appear.

Children in the womb, to whom Eufillin was prescribed in the last trimester, should be under medical supervision for the first 28-30 days after birth. In gynecology, the drug is used for edema, placental insufficiency and gestosis as part of complex therapy. There is no clear treatment regimen, the attending physician selects the dosage individually.

Eufillin: instructions for use in ampoules

Many are interested in the question of whether it is possible to drink the drug in ampoules. Experts do not recommend taking the solution inside. Eufillin can be administered intramuscularly and intravenously. The drug may be present in the composition of microclysters and inhalation solution.

Intramuscular administration

Intramuscularly, the patient is administered no more than 1 ml of the drug once. At the ampoule, the tip is carefully broken off, the solution is drawn into a sterile syringe and excess air is released. For injections, thick and long needles are considered the most suitable: it is problematic to remove thin ones from the muscle, they constantly slide off the holder. The drug is injected into the upper corner of the buttock. Eufillin injection is painful, discomfort can persist for several hours. A hematoma often forms at the injection site. The drug is not administered subcutaneously.

Intravenous administration

Intravenous administration provides faster absorption of the active ingredient. Patients in serious condition are given a single loading dose of the drug: up to 5.5 mg / kg. To prepare a dropper, up to 20 ml of Eufillin is injected into a solution of sodium chloride (0.9%, 15-20 ml). The resulting mixture is poured into the remaining saline solution (up to 500 ml), drip administration is carried out for 30-40 minutes.

Asthmatic status requires intravenous administration of up to 720 mg of aminophylline. The daily norm is not more than 0.5 ml / kg. For an adult patient, a single patient dose (provided that the solution is injected into a vein) is 6-7 mg / kg. The drug must be diluted with sodium chloride. The duration of the jet injection is 2-4 minutes.

Adolescents are prescribed medication at a dose of 16 mg / kg per day. It is advisable to divide the therapeutic norm into several introductions. If necessary, it can be increased with the permission of a specialist. The course of treatment is 10-14 days.

Insertion with a probe

Newborns who are in serious condition, the drug is administered through a nasogastric tube. A narrow bore catheter is passed through the nasal cavity into the stomach. For the introduction of the drug most often use the Levin catheter. The probe is installed by a medical professional with the appropriate qualifications. The dosage regimen is selected by the pediatrician.

Microclysters

Microclyster with Eufillin can be prepared independently, at home. To do this, take 0.5 mg of the drug and dissolve it in 20 ml of boiled water at room temperature. The finished solution is collected in a rubber bulb (the tip is disinfected in advance) and administered rectally. The procedure is repeated every 3-4 hours. Enemas are contraindicated in children under 16 years of age.

Electrophoresis with the use of the drug is prescribed for adults suffering from osteochondrosis and arthritis. For children, the procedure is prescribed for dysplasia or to relieve intracranial pressure. Electrophoresis allows you to achieve the desired concentration of the main component in the affected tissues.

The drug acts pointwise, so systemic side effects are rare. Electrophoresis is prescribed for newborns older than 30 days. A napkin soaked in the solution is applied to the sore spot and the electrodes are fixed. The duration of the procedure does not exceed 15 minutes, during which time the medicine penetrates into the affected areas. The course of treatment is 8-10 sessions.

To restore the functional activity of the internal organs after birth injuries, newborns undergo electrophoresis according to Ratner. The child is given 2 napkins soaked in various drugs: 1 - a solution of aminophylline (on the cervical vertebrae), 2 - a solution of papaverine (on the ribs). Current strength - no more than 2 mA. Duration - 15 minutes. The procedure has practically no contraindications, apart from skin diseases, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia and heart failure.

Inhalations

Inhalations with Eufillin are prescribed for adults and children with bronchial obstruction and dry cough. The active ingredient quickly penetrates the systemic circulation and reaches the affected organ. The procedure is carried out using a special device - a nebulizer. Eufillin diluted in warm water is poured into a special compartment. The released vapors must be inhaled for 10 minutes. The procedure is repeated 2 times a day.

Side effects and overdose

Side effects occur with an incorrectly selected dosing regimen. These include:

• tachypnea;
• pain in the chest;
• flushed face;
• increased sweating;
• hematuria;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• albuminuria;
• hypoglycemia;
• fever
• rashes on the skin;
• loss of appetite;
• change in taste preferences;
• exacerbation of an ulcer;
• uncontrolled vomiting;
• heartburn;
• pain in the epigastric region;
• diarrhea
• bouts of nausea;
• angina pectoris of uncontrolled type;
• lowering blood pressure;
• cardialgia;
• cardiopalmus;
• arrhythmia;
• sleep disorders (drowsiness/insomnia);
• tremor;
• psychoemotional overexcitation (anxiety, aggression, irritability);
• dizziness;
• headache.

Ailments are often dose-dependent, so experts recommend adjusting the dosing regimen in the direction of decreasing it if side effects appear.

Overdose symptoms develop with a multiple increase in the daily allowance. The characteristic features are:

• convulsions, light or sound phobia;
• tremor;
• arrhythmia;
• overexcitation;
• hyperemia of the skin;
• uncontrolled vomiting;
• prolonged diarrhea.

Eufillin does not have a specific antidote. A patient who has symptoms of an overdose must be taken to the nearest medical facility: gastric lavage and taking enterosorbents will not help in this case. Removal of toxins is carried out by enhancing the processes of natural detoxification (formed diuresis).

If the dose introduced into the body exceeds 0.5 mg / ml, then the patient is provided with respiratory support (artificial ventilation of the lungs), hemodialysis, hemosorption and plasmapheresis are performed. The doctor should monitor the hemodynamic parameters. If the patient has convulsions, Diazepam is administered intramuscularly. Barbiturates are strictly prohibited.

special instructions

A toxic effect develops if the concentration of the main component in the blood reaches 0.03 mg / ml. Eufillin has a stimulating effect on the respiratory organs only if the content of the substance in the blood does not exceed 0.01 mg / ml. Children under 3 years of age and elderly patients require careful use, the medication for this category of patients is prescribed as a last resort.

The drug can be used in geriatrics: it is prescribed in minimal doses. During the treatment period, experts recommend completely abandoning drinks containing caffeine and taurine. Chocolate and strong black hare are to be excluded from the diet. Before injection, the syringe with the solution should be held in your hands for a while so that it warms up.

Alcohol compatibility

The drug has a negative compatibility with alcohol. Before starting treatment, the patient is instructed to completely abandon the use of drinks that contain ethanol.

Interaction with other drugs

Beta-blockers, caffeine, ephedrine and Furosemide can enhance the effect of Eufillin, so these components are rarely combined. The therapeutic activity of the drug is reduced by Carbamazepine, Sulfinpyrazone, Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Phenobarbital and Phenytoin, so the dose of the bronchodilator is increased. In patients who smoke more than 15-20 cigarettes per day, there is an accelerated metabolism of Eufillin.

With the simultaneous use of antiviral drugs, beta-blockers, Disulfiram, Fluvoxamine, Viloxazine, Lincomycin, Cimetidine, Isoprenaline, Allopurine, macrolide antibiotics with Eufillin, the therapeutic dose of the latter should be increased. If the patient was prescribed a bronchodilator in combination with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, the dose of Eufillin is reduced by 25%.

Hypoglycemia develops with the combined use of diuretics, glucocorticosteroids and a drug with a bronchodilatory effect. Eufillin enhances the therapeutic effect of anticoagulants. Solutions of levulose, glucose and fructose are incompatible with the drug. The drug can be diluted only with sodium chloride.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

The drug, regardless of the form of release, requires a prescription from pharmacies. Before buying, the patient must present to the pharmacist a form with the seal of the attending physician. The drug is included in list B. The approximate cost is from 15 rubles.

Storage conditions and shelf life

Opened packages are strictly forbidden to be kept in the public domain. They are stored in a safe place for pets and children. For these purposes, cabinet shelves are used (preferably the top ones). Storage temperature - no more than 18 ° C. Shelf life - 24 months.

Analogues (briefly)

The drug has several generics with a similar therapeutic effect. These include:

1. Theotard. Produced in the form of capsules. It contains theophylline, a derivative of xanthine. It has a bronchodilating effect, quickly eliminating the obstruction of the bronchial canals. The cost is 180-195 rubles.
2. Teopak. Release form - tablets. The main component is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a purine derivative. Due to the ability of the drug to have a vasodilatory effect, the blood flow in the kidneys increases, the smooth muscles of the bronchi relax. Price - from 200 rubles.
3. Aerofillin. The active ingredient is doxophylline. The drug is sold in the form of tablets. The antispasmodic is able to have a bronchodilatory effect. The contractile function of the smooth muscle tissue of the bronchi decreases with systematic use. The cost is 122 rubles.
4. Neophyllin. Long-acting tablets contain theophylline. Bronchodilator is able to improve the functional activity of the respiratory and intercostal muscles. Price - 55 rubles.

The drugs are in different price categories. Each of them has a number of contraindications, so medications are prescribed by a doctor after a detailed examination. Self-selection of medication is strictly prohibited.

Pharmacodynamics
Eufillin is a complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine. Due to the presence of ethylenediamine, the solubility of the drug in water and the possibility of intravenous administration are achieved.
Theophylline is a bronchodilator from the methylxanthines group. The mechanism of action is due mainly to the blocking of adenosine receptors, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, an increase in the content of intracellular cAMP, a decrease in the intracellular concentration of calcium ions, as a result of which the smooth muscles of the bronchi, biliary tract, coronary, cerebral and pulmonary vessels relax, and peripheral vascular resistance decreases. By reducing vascular resistance in the pulmonary artery, it reduces pressure in the vessels of the pulmonary circulation and normalizes perfusion processes in the lungs. Improves the contractility of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, activates the respiratory center, improves alveolar ventilation and blood oxygen saturation, accelerates mucociliary transport. Prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, inhibits platelet aggregation. Enhances renal blood flow, has a diuretic effect due to a decrease in tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes. Increases the frequency and strength of heart contractions, increases coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand.
Pharmacokinetics
Chemical binding to ethylenediamine does not affect the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline. In adults, about 60% of theophylline binds to plasma proteins. The volume of distribution of theophylline is about 0.5 l/kg. Theophylline is distributed in the blood, extracellular fluid and muscle tissue.
Penetrates through the placental barrier and into breast milk.
Metabolized in the liver with the participation of microsomal enzymes (CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent CYP2E1). The main metabolites are 1,3-dimethyluric acid and 3-methylxanthine. Excretion is carried out through the kidneys. About 10% of the dose is excreted in the urine unchanged (in children - up to 50%). Theophylline metabolism has significant individual differences, so the serum concentration and half-life can vary significantly. The elimination half-life averages: in non-smoking adults - 7-9 hours; smokers - 4-5 hours; in children older than 6 months - 3-5 hours; in newborns - more than 24 hours.
The clearance of theophylline depends on age, body weight, diet, smoking habits, concomitant use of other drugs. In patients with heart or respiratory failure, impaired liver function, viral infection, the half-life is prolonged.

Indications for use

Broncho-obstructive syndrome in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ethylenediamine or allergy to theophyllines, caffeine and theobromine,
- simultaneous use with other xanthine-containing drugs. When prescribing therapeutic doses of aminophylline and / or theophylline simultaneously, in more than one route of administration or in more than one drug, the risk of serious toxicity increases,
- childhood up to 6 months
- acute porphyria,
- acute period of myocardial infarction,
- paroxysmal tachycardia.

Precautionary measures

To reduce the undesirable stimulating effects of aminophylline on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, intravenous administration of the drug should be slow and the rate should not exceed 25 mg / min.
Eufillin has a narrow therapeutic index and serum concentrations should be monitored regularly, especially during the initiation of therapy.
The drug should be administered cautiously in patients over 55 years of age.
Elderly patients with heart or liver disease should be carefully monitored for signs of theophylline toxicity.
Children are particularly susceptible to the effects of theophylline and caution is required when prescribing the drug to children.
There have been reports of seizures in children who were prescribed theophylline at plasma concentrations of the latter within the accepted therapeutic range. Alternative treatment should be considered in patients with a history of seizure activity, and if Eufillin, intravenous solution 24 mg/ml is used in such patients, they should be carefully examined for possible signs of CNS hyperstimulation.
Due to the fact that middle period The half-life of theophylline is shorter in smokers than in non-smokers, the first group may require large doses of aminophylline.
Caution should be exercised in patients who have undergone influenza immunization, those with influenza infection or acute febrile illness.
Eufillin should be administered with caution to patients with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal or hepatic dysfunction and chronic alcoholism, since the clearance of eufillin is reduced.
Serum potassium levels should be monitored during regular therapy. This is very important in combination therapy with beta-2-agonists, corticosteroids or diuretics, or in the presence of hypoxia.
The drug should be used with caution in patients with peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, severe hypoxemia, arterial hypertension and impaired cardiac function or circulation, as these conditions may be aggravated.
Methylxanthines can increase gastric acidity and appropriate measures should be taken if they are used in patients with a history of peptic ulcer.
The drug Eufillin, solution for intravenous administration 24 mg / ml should not be administered simultaneously with other xanthine-containing drugs.
Theophylline should only be used after assessing the benefit / risk ratio in patients with unstable angina, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias (tachycardia, extrasystoles), hemorrhagic stroke, retinal hemorrhage.

Interaction with other drugs

The following medicines may decrease the clearance of aminophylline resulting in increased concentration of theophylline in plasma and creates the potential for increased toxicity:
- fluvoxamine (simultaneous use of theophylline and fluvoxamine should usually be avoided. Where possible, patients should receive their dose of theophylline (possibly reduced by 2 times) and plasma theophylline levels should be closely monitored);
- cimetidine;
- macrolides (eg erythromycin, clarithromycin);
- quinolones (eg ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin);
- fluconazole;
- isoniazid;
- propranolol;
- allopurinol (for example, high doses of 600 mg per day);
- oral contraceptives;
- meksiletin, propafenone;
- calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, verapamil;
- medicines based on St. John's wort;
- disulfiram;
- interferon alfa, influenza vaccines;
- methotrexate;
- zafirlukast;
- tacrine;
- thiabendazole;
- thyroid hormones.
The following medicines may decrease concentrationtheophylline in plasma:
- rifampicin;
- antiepileptics (for example, carbamazepine, phenytoin, primidone, phenobarbital);
- ritonavir;
- aminoglutethimide;
- sulfpyrazone.
Other interactions:
- xanthines (concomitant use of other xanthine derivatives, including theophylline and pentoxifylline, is contraindicated due to the risk of toxicity);
- lithium (aminofillin increases the excretion of lithium and may reduce its therapeutic efficacy);
- benzodiazepines (theophylline may reduce the effect of benzodiazepines);
- quinolones (increased risk of seizures);
- general anesthetics (increased risk of seizures with ketamine, increased risk of arrhythmias with halothane);
- pancuronium (resistance to neuromuscular block with pancuronium has been reported in patients receiving aminophylline);
- sympathomimetics (aminophylline may exhibit synergistic toxicity with ephedrine and other sympathomimetics when used together and can lead to cardiac arrhythmias);
- β2-agonists (increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia (see also hypokalemia);
- β-blockers (antagonism with the bronchodilator effect of eufillin);
- cardiac glycosides (the direct stimulating effect of aminophylline on the myocardium can increase the sensitivity and toxic potential of cardiac glycosides);
- adenosine (antagonism of the antiarrhythmic effect of adenosine with theophylline);
- leukotriene antagonists (in clinical studies, simultaneous administration with theophylline resulted in a decrease in plasma levels of zafirlukast, approximately 30%, but does not affect plasma concentrations of theophylline. However, during post-marketing surveillance, there have been rare cases of elevated levels of theophylline in patients using zafirlukast (see above));
- doxapram (increased stimulation of the central nervous system);
- hypokalemia (the hypokalemic effect of beta-2-agonists may be enhanced by concomitant treatment with aminophylline. There is an increased risk of hypokalemia when theophylline derivatives are prescribed in conjunction with corticosteroids and diuretics (see Precautions)).

Pregnancy and lactation

Studies of the effect on reproductive function in animals have not been conducted. It is not known whether theophylline can harm the fetus when administered to pregnant women. Although the safe use of theophylline during pregnancy has not been established with respect to the potential risk to the fetus, theophylline has been used during pregnancy without teratogenic or other adverse effects on the fetus. Due to the risk of uncontrolled bronchial asthma, safety during pregnancy, when the administration of aminophylline is really necessary, is usually not in doubt. The question of the use of aminophylline during pregnancy is decided by the doctor. Theophylline crosses the placenta.
Theophylline is distributed into breast milk and may occasionally cause irritation or other signs of toxicity in nursing infants and therefore should not be used by nursing mothers.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

The medicine may cause dizziness and other side effects. During the period of treatment, it is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and operating mechanisms.

Method of application and dosage

The drug is intended for slow intravenous administration.
The solution should be introduced very slowly over 4-6 minutes, 5-10 ml of the drug (0.12-0.24 g), which is pre-diluted with a small volume (5-10 ml) of 5% dextrose or 0.9% solution sodium chloride injection.
Before the introduction of the solution must be heated to body temperature. Eufillin is administered parenterally up to 3 times a day, no more than 14 days. The highest doses of aminophylline for adults with intravenous administration: single - 0.25 g, daily - 0.5 g.
Maintenance therapy can be provided by the introduction of large volumes of infusion solutions, the rate of administration is adjusted so as to provide the required amount of the drug every hour.
Usually, with drip administration, 10-20 ml of the drug (0.24-0.48 g) is diluted in 100-150 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and administered at a rate of 30-50 drops per minute.
Theophylline plasma therapeutic concentrations are thought to be in the range of 5 to 20 µg/mL, and levels above 20 µg/mL are most likely associated with toxic effect. There is also individual variation in each individual patient in the dosage required to achieve plasma concentrations of theophylline in the desired therapeutic range.
During therapy, patients should be closely monitored for toxicity and, where possible, theophylline content should also be monitored, doses should be calculated based on ideal mass body, the drug is not recommended for children under 6 months of age due to significant fluctuations in theophylline metabolism in young children.
Patients not treated with theophylline medicinal products
A. A loading dose of aminophylline 6 mg/kg body weight may be administered slowly intravenously at a rate not exceeding 25 mg/min.
B. Depending on the condition of the patient, the maintenance dose for the next 12 hours can be calculated as follows:
- children aged 6 months to 9 years: 1.2 mg/kg/hour (down to 1 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours);
- children aged 9 to 16 and young adult smokers: 1 mg/kg/hour (down to 0.8 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours);
- healthy non-smoking adults: 0.7 mg/kg/hour (down to 0.5 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours);
- elderly patients and persons with cor pulmonale: 0.6 mg/kg/h (reduced to 0.3 mg/kg/h after 12 hours);
- Patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease: 0.5 mg/kg/hour (down to 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/hour after 12 hours).
Patients already on theophylline
The loading dose can be calculated on the basis that each 0.5 mg/kg of theophylline administered as a loading dose can result in a 1 µg/ml increase in theophylline serum concentration.
Ideally, administration should be delayed until serum theophylline is determined. If this is not possible and if the clinical situation requires that the drug be administered, then a dose of euphylline 3.1 mg/kg (equivalent to 2.5 mg/kg anhydrous theophylline) is administered on the grounds that this may lead to an increase in the serum concentration of theophylline by about 5 µg/ml when administered as a loading dose.
In the future, the maintenance dose is the same as described above.

Overdose

Eufillin has a narrow therapeutic index. Theophylline toxicity is most likely to occur at serum concentrations greater than 20 µg/mL and become progressively more severe at high serum concentrations.
Doses greater than 3 g may have serious consequences in adults (40 mg/kg in a child). The lethal dose can be as low as 4.5 g in adults (60 mg/kg in a child), but is generally higher.
With the introduction of intravenous aminophylline in high doses in patients with renal, hepatic insufficiency or with cardiovascular complications, or if the injection was made quickly, a fatal outcome is possible.
Symptoms: tachycardia, in the absence of hypoxia, fever, or with co-administration of sympathomimetic drugs, may be a sign of theophylline toxicity.
Gastrointestinal symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vomiting of blood.
Neurological symptoms: restlessness, insomnia, irritability, headache, agitation, hallucinations, intense thirst, slight fever, dilated pupils and tinnitus. Seizures can occur even without prior symptoms of toxicity and are often fatal. In very severe cases, coma may develop.
Cardiovascular symptoms: palpitations, arrhythmias, arterial hypotension, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.
Metabolic symptoms: Hypokalemia may develop rapidly and may be severe. Hyperglycemia, albuminuria, hyperthermia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis may also develop.
Treatment: treatment of overdose is supportive and symptomatic.
Serum levels of theophylline and potassium should be checked. Repeated oral administration activated carbon promotes the removal of theophylline from the body even after intravenous administration. Aggressive antiemetic therapy may be required to allow oral administration of activated charcoal.
Convulsions can be stopped by intravenous administration of diazepam 0.1-0.3 mg/kg up to 10 mg/kg. Restoring fluid and electrolyte balance is essential. Hypokalemia should be corrected by intravenous infusion of potassium chloride. Diazepam sedation may be required in agitated patients.
Propranolol may be administered intravenously to correct tachycardia, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia, provided the patient is not suffering from asthma.
In general, theophylline is rapidly metabolized and hemodialysis is not warranted. In patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease, hemodialysis may increase theophylline clearance by 2-fold.
Hemosorption should be considered if:
- intestinal obstruction interferes with the introduction of several doses of activated charcoal;
- plasma concentrations of theophylline >80 mg/l (acute) or >60 mg/l (chronic). In the elderly, hemosorption should be considered at theophylline concentrations >40 mg/l. Clinical signs, not theophylline concentration, are the best guide to treatment.

In this article, you can read the instructions for use medicinal product Eufillin. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Eufillin in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Euphyllin analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of status asthmaticus and bronchial obstruction in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Eufillin- a bronchodilator, a xanthine derivative. Inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in tissues, blocks adenosine (purine) receptors; reduces the flow of calcium ions through the channels of cell membranes, reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles.

It relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, increases mucociliary clearance, stimulates diaphragm contraction, improves the function of the respiratory and intercostal muscles, stimulates the respiratory center, increases its sensitivity to carbon dioxide and improves alveolar ventilation, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the severity and frequency of apnea episodes. By normalizing the respiratory function, it helps to saturate the blood with oxygen and reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide.

It has a stimulating effect on the activity of the heart, increases the strength and number of heart contractions, increases coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand. Reduces the tone of blood vessels (mainly the vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys). It has a peripheral venodilating effect, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, reduces pressure in the "small" circle of blood circulation. Increases renal blood flow, has a moderate diuretic effect.

Expands the extrahepatic bile ducts.

It inhibits platelet aggregation (suppresses the platelet activating factor and PgE2 alpha), increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation (improves the rheological properties of blood), reduces thrombosis and normalizes microcirculation.

It has a tocolytic effect, increases the acidity of gastric juice.

When used in high doses, it has an enileptogenic effect.

Pharmacokinetics

In the body, aminophylline (the active substance of the drug Eufillin) is metabolized at physiological pH values ​​with the release of free theophylline. Bronchodilating properties are manifested at concentrations of theophylline in blood plasma of 10-20 μg / ml. Concentration over 20 mg/ml is toxic. The excitatory effect on the respiratory center is realized at a lower concentration - 5-10 µg/ml. Penetrates through the placental barrier (the concentration in the serum of the fetus is slightly higher than in the mother's serum). Stands out from breast milk. In unchanged form, 10% is excreted in adults. In newborns, a significant part is excreted in the form of caffeine (due to the immaturity of the pathways for its further metabolism), unchanged - 50%.

Indications

• status asthmaticus (adjunctive therapy);
• apnea of ​​newborns;
• violation of cerebral circulation by ischemic type (as part of combination therapy);
• left ventricular failure with bronchospasm and respiratory failure of the Cheyne-Stokes type;
• edematous syndrome of renal genesis (as part of complex therapy);
• acute and chronic heart failure (as part of combination therapy);
• broncho-obstructive syndrome of various origins (including bronchial asthma, COPD, including pulmonary emphysema, chronic obstructive bronchitis);
• hypertension in the pulmonary circulation;
• "pulmonary" heart;
• sleep apnea.

Release forms

Tablets 150 mg.

Solution for intravenous administration 24 mg / ml (injections in ampoules, in droppers).

Solution for intramuscular injection 240 mg / ml (injections in ampoules for injection).

Instructions for use and dosage

Tablets

Inside, adults should be prescribed 150 mg per dose 1-3 times a day after meals. Children inside should be prescribed at the rate of 7-10 mg / kg per day in 4 divided doses. The duration of the course of treatment is from several days to several months, depending on the course of the disease and the tolerability of the drug.

The highest doses of aminophylline for adults inside: single - 0.5 g, daily - 1.5 g. Highest doses for children inside: single - 7 mg / kg, daily - 15 mg / kg.

Injection

Individual, depending on the indications, age, clinical situation, route and scheme of administration (intravenously, intramuscularly, through a drip), nicotine addiction.

Side effect

• dizziness;
• headache;
• insomnia;
• excitation;
• anxiety;
• irritability;
• tremor;
• heartbeat;
• tachycardia (including in the fetus when taken by a pregnant woman in the 3rd trimester);
• chest pain;
• lowering blood pressure;
• abdominal pain;
• nausea, vomiting;
• heartburn;
• exacerbation of peptic ulcer;
• diarrhea;
• loss of appetite;
• skin rash;
• fever;
• sensation of flushes to the face;
• hematuria;
• increased diuresis;
• increased sweating.

Contraindications

• hypersensitivity (including to other xanthine derivatives: caffeine, pentoxifylline, theobromine);
• epilepsy;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage);
• gastritis with high acidity;
• severe arterial hyper- or hypotension;
• tachyarrhythmias;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• retinal hemorrhage;
• children's age (up to 3 years).

Use during pregnancy and lactation

With caution, pregnancy, lactation.

special instructions

Exercise caution when consuming large amounts of caffeinated foods or drinks during treatment.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and control mechanisms

It is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

drug interaction

Increases the likelihood of side effects of glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids (hypernatremia), general anesthesia (increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias), xanthines and central nervous system stimulants (increases neurotoxicity), beta-agonists.

Antidiarrheal drugs and enterosorbents reduce the absorption of aminophylline.

Rifampicin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, isoniazid, carbamazepine, sulfinpyrazone, aminoglutethimide, oral estrogen-containing contraceptives and moracizin, being inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, increase the clearance of aminophylline, which may require an increase in its dose.

With simultaneous use with antibiotics of the macrolide group, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, enoxacin, small doses of ethanol (alcohol), disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, recombinant interferon-alpha, methotrexate, mexiletine, propafenone, thiabendazole, ticlopidine, verapamil and vaccination against influenza the intensity of the action of Eufillin may increase, which may require a reduction in its dose.

Enhances the action of beta-adrenergic stimulants and diuretics (including by increasing glomerular filtration), reduces the effectiveness of lithium preparations and beta-blockers. Compatible with antispasmodics, do not use in conjunction with other xanthine derivatives.

Eufillin's analogues

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Aminophylline;
• Aminophyllin-Eskom;
• Eufillin-Darnitsa;
• Eufillin injection 2.4%;
• Eufillina solution for injections 24%.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.