This article will help you master the basic principles of building a human figure. The proportions of the body are the point with which the beginning artist must be most careful in the early stages of his training. But most, including myself during my early creative years, ignore this knowledge. Now it seems to me that Proportions are one of the main points in drawing a person.. This material shows that you need to be more careful with the proportions of the human body (especially the female figure) when you draw. There are many detailed books and websites on the subject, and what you'll read here is really just the old way I figure out the proportions of my own drawings. You have probably read about the eight heads rule in many illustrated books. In painting the ideal body is 8 heads high. However, the body proportions of each individual person are relative, and sometimes can reach from 7 to 9, depending on the physiological characteristics and the look of the artist. The same goes for cartoon characters. Since comic book art mostly celebrates the perfect human form, the eight-headed rule applies to cartoon masterpieces as well. We suggest you start your study of proportions by drawing your characters in simple poses (standing or sitting).

When drawing a human figure, always start your drawing with axes and guides. This will make things easier and you can set the proportions and pose right away without going into too much detail. Once you have mastered the base of your figure, it will be very easy to complete the drawing. Artists often depict women's bodies as slightly curved, with prominent hips and slender waists. In the figure, you must immediately determine the size of the head, this will be your "centimeter" for the rest of the body, which you will use in further measurements. I tend to be as detailed as possible on this stage, but this is my whim, not the rule.

The proportions of the length of the head will be your basis for the rule of eight chapters.

• From the chin to the middle of the chest, the height of one head fits; in a woman, as a rule, this line can indicate the middle of the chest area around the nipples.
• The distance from the chin to the shoulder is usually equal to 1/4 of the length of the head.
• The distance from the chest down to the abdomen (navel area) is also proportional to the height of the head.
• If we postpone our “centimeter” from the navel in descending order, then we will get just to the bottom of the intimate zone.
• Height of one head to half of the hip area.
• A head lower - the upper part of the legs, setting aside one more size of the head, we will find ourselves just below the knees.
• Continuing to postpone the base size, we get more or less half of the lower leg.
• And the last of the eight heads down will hit just below the ankle.

If you notice, the foot is not an element of measurement, that is, an impromptu "centimeter". This is because the length of women's legs can actually vary depending on how high the shoe is. Also, I have noticed that some artists have various options lengths when it comes to legs, where sometimes different parts can be a little shorter or longer. It mostly depends on anatomical preference.

The width of the shoulders also varies depending on the physiological structure of a person. But usually it is equal to the size of two heads located side by side, one ear to the other. Do not make this size less than two widths, so as not to get a strange silhouette. The hips are also not the same in all people. Their width, like the shoulders, is approximately equal to two head sizes, maybe a little more, but in no way less than two heads together without ears. Contrary to some opinions, a woman's shoulders can indeed look wider, but only in rare cases when her entire body is muscular. Broad shoulders, a thin waist, and relatively wide hips can contribute to a sexy figure. Arm length is not usually a problem for beginners. The distance from the shoulder to the elbow is equal to one height of the head and another half of it. From the elbow to the wrist, you can also set aside the size of the head.

Human beings are made up of basic geometric shapes that ultimately together form one whole. As with, and other parts of the face, we rely not only on the knowledge of proportions, but also on our perception of the world around us, and when building a human figure, the image depends on how you interpret the various parts of the body. For every beginner at an early stage of training, extensive knowledge and understanding in the field of anatomy is required. Imagine a robot and how it is constructed. It has cylindrical shapes for the arms and legs, elliptical shapes for the shoulders and joints such as the knees and wrists. The bust, as you remember, is located on a line removed from the chin down by the size of the head. This is where the middle of the bust will actually be.

Is always try to use loose curved lines especially when portraying a woman. There are no straight lines in man. All people are covered with soft muscles on top, and this should be visible in your drawings. At this stage, you can see very clearly if there are things you need to correct: posture, and body. It is important to make any necessary changes now before finishing the drawing. If everything is in order, you can go ahead and put the finishing touches.

To build the figure of the girl, I used an HB pencil because it is easier to scan onto a computer. In general, usually for drawing, I take one sheet of paper, an eraser, a 2H pencil to build my drawing and H or HB pencils for shading. When the figure is built, all that remains to be done is to draw the clothes. Then you should delete the old and unnecessary lines, but for this tutorial I left them to show how everything is done at the drawing stage.

This method is by no means the best, much less the fastest, but from the point of view of most artists, it is correct. He slowly but surely helps to draw a person with a pencil in stages.
At the end of the article you can watch video About,
This method of drawing is aimed at stimulating the imagination and forming an idea of ​​the human body in three-dimensional space, well suited for beginners and for people who are assiduous and patient.
Almost all novice draftsmen start drawing a human figure from the head, thereby making a gross mistake. And they are very surprised when, as a result, it turns out that there is absolutely no room left for the feet on paper - this method save you from such an unpleasant situation.

Consider the ideal proportions of the human body:

So head tall people fit along the length of the body 8 times, in people of average height - 7.5 times, in people of short stature - 6-7 times.
Head fit in body length 2.5 times, in the length of the legs - 3-4 times.
Stretched along the body hand should touch mid-thigh.
Shoulder width in an adult male is usually two head lengths and more hip width.
Thigh length corresponds leg length with foot, a lower leg - two lengths of the foot.
The female figure, in contrast to the male, has a lower average height and shorter limbs.
hip width women usually have more shoulder width.
The head of a woman is relatively and absolutely smaller than that of a man.

Schematic representation of a person:

A song from the cartoon "Octopussy": "Stick, stick, cucumber, it turned out a little man ..." every child knows!
And do not underestimate this phrase.
Schematic little men display a very important characteristic - the proportions of body parts. And in order to avoid logical discord in our wand-shaped men, it is necessary to observe the so-called "artistic canon".
Now let's take a closer look at our sketchy little men:

Schematic Man #1
Everyone has drawn such a little man at least once in their life.
This is the so-called basic man.
But there isn't much you can do about it.
Unless you practice keeping the proportions of the head, torso, arms and legs.


Schematic Man #2
Here, the proportions of the forearm, thigh, lower leg and foot are additionally outlined.


Schematic man #3
The perfect wand man!
I'm sure you've hardly seen any child draw a little man in this way.
The shoulders and pelvis of this figure already have a certain width.

Exercise:
In order to understand how accurately you keep proportions in your work, draw a few schematic people.
Thus, simply and quickly, without being distracted by details (clothing, hair, etc.), you can evaluate how well you know the proportions of the human body.
In addition, you can immediately determine whether the figure will fit on the sheet.

I think now you understand how important it is to master the proportions. And what an important role in the future picture is played by schematic little men.

Human posture:

It's time to revive and make our hero do something. So before you start working on a character, with the help of schematic drawings, you can try many poses and choose one.
Below are some examples of schematic people in action.

The picture shows a person walking.
Pay attention to the movement of the hip joints. As a rule, the shoulders move in the opposite direction.

The person lies on his side with support on one arm. Thus, the chest "hangs" on the shoulder and the spine, bending, draws a curved line.

In order to draw the human body, you need to know the features of its structure.

The skeleton is the foundation

head
rib cage
spine
pelvis
joints
arms
brushes
legs
feet

Notice the curvature of the spine
(to make it better visible, we will not draw a hand).

The skeleton can be drawn in a simplified form:

Having an idea about the structural features of the skeleton, moving on to muscle and/or fat , if we get lucky…).
To display body parts, we will use all kinds of shapes: cylinders, ellipses, etc.

Now you can visually evaluate

The whole process from sketching (creating a schematic man) to volumetric drawing based on a schematic drawing:

Also this way will help you with the details. For example, in drawing the hands and feet:

That's all!
The main idea of ​​this lesson is that the correct basis is important for drawing.
And to achieve this goal, it is necessary to discard all unnecessary and present it in a schematic form.
And schematic little men will help you with this!
The main advantage of this method is that you can easily and quickly try on many poses for your character.
Choose the most suitable pose and already at the first stage decide on the composition.
This article is suitable for those who want to learn how to draw a person in full growth or in general how to draw with a pencil in stages
Thank you for your attention.

In this lesson, we will analyze the basic rules for drawing a figure, we will also consider: the proportions of the human body in front and profile, muscle structure and body balance.

Ideal body proportions are used to study anatomy, which is one of the important steps in the learning process. body drawing(simplifies a very difficult subject for students). However, this does not mean that ideal proportions should be observed all the time, as they differ slightly from reality. Once you understand the basic principles, you can develop your own style - but I do not recommend getting ahead of yourself. Understanding the basics first is the key to knowing how to change body proportions without distorting it.

Before drawing the human body, first, you need to sketch the main volumes. Use circles and lines to outline gestures and body position. Never start detailing the details from the head, and then gradually go down. It is necessary to work with the whole figure, moving from a rough form to small details. This will help you clearly see the proportions of the body and prevent mistakes in time before you spend too much time on details and end up not being able to change anything else.

For clarity, the three stages of drawing a body are shown below:

II. Proportions of the human body

The unit of measurement for the human body is the head. In Western art, men are usually 8 heads high, while women are slightly less, 7.5 heads. In reality, the structure of a person, as a rule, is closer to 7 heads, not to mention other types of structure, because the proportions can be very different.

However, the 8-head model (shown in the picture) is very useful for beginners because it makes it easy to remember the main parts:

1. Head;
2. nipples;
3. Navel and elbows;
4. perineum and wrist;
5. Fingers and thighs;
6. The lower part of the kneecaps;
7. The lower part of the calf muscles;
8. Soles of the feet.

Female body structure:

Below are the main differences between the male and female proportional body.

1. The body consists of an oval, soft shape;
2. The shoulders are narrower than the hips (the hip joints are outside the pelvic area);
3. Elbows at waist level;
4. Fingers in the middle of the thigh;
5. Legs tapered inward from the hips (more pronounced taper than in men).

Male body structure:

1. Elbows at waist level, but the waist of a man looks much lower;
2. Fingers in the middle of the thigh;
3. Legs cone inward from the hips (less pronounced cone);
4. Men tend to be taller than women;
5. The torso consists of a trapezoid, angular shape;
6. Shoulders wider than hips (hip joints are inside the pelvic area).

III A small reminder

Here are a few drawings with which you can remember the proportions. Visualization will help you when you come to scaling joints and limbs.

The level of the knee is equal to the level of the elbow, and the level of the fingers is equal to the level of the heel.

From shoulder to buttocks. The shoulder is at the same level with the knee, the fingers start from the level of the buttocks.

Heels never protrude beyond the line of the buttocks.

The palm of the hand reaches to the shoulder.

When the arm is bent, the size of the palm is placed from the wrist to the crook of the arm.

When the arm is extended, the size of the foot is placed from the wrist to the elbow.

The proportions of the arm and leg relative to the male and female face

1. Male face (The foot and palm occupy most of the face).
2. Female face (Note that the foot and palm occupy a smaller part of the face).

In the bottom picture (the picture with the head), all measurements will be equal to the distance from the end of the thumb to the end of the index finger (the picture with the hand).

1. pupil to pupil;
2. inner corner of the eye to the outer corner;
3. hairline;
4. brows;
5. chin.

IV. muscles

Understanding muscle structure is a huge advantage in building the human body. Therefore, in this section, we will look at some structures. And despite the fact that the description will be simplified, it will be enough for most drawings. Muscles or protruding bones will be shown as areas different colors, the black outline is the line of muscles that is visible on the body. In order for you to better understand, the muscles in the examples are pronounced. Therefore, remember that such a structure is found mainly in athletes, and in ordinary people, muscles are less pronounced. Also remember that women have more delicate and less bulky muscles than men.

torso

Front view:

1. mastoid muscle;
2. bones of the clavicle;
3. Deltoid;
4. Breast;
5. Press.

Back view:

1. Deltoid;
2. The latissimus dorsi;
3. Delta.

1. The neck should not look like a straight cylinder.
2. Shoulder line should not be a straight horizontal line.

1. Neck narrows down
2. The transition from the neck to the shoulders is drawn using a trapezoidal shape.

Arms

A large role in the behavior of the muscles on the arm is played by its very position, so I propose to consider different types. Pay attention to how the muscles appear in different situations.

Straight arm, bent palm (inner side)

1. radial flexor of the wrist;
2. extensor carpi radialis;
3. Elbow \"peak \";
4. Round pronator;
5. Transition line to the body.

Relaxed (outside)

1. Delta;
2. Biceps;
3. Triceps;
4. Extensors.

Bent (outside)

1. Gets volume if there is resistance, for example, if the arm is holding something heavy, and triceps;
2. Gets volume if the hand makes an effort to unbend something;
3. The forearm starts with a large volume and partially tapers.

Pay attention to the alternation of the changing line of the hand.

1. When a person is standing, the arms do not hang straight. Pay attention to the connection of the line of the arm and the back of the neck.
2. Consider how the hand changes when the palm is turned.

Legs

1. Medial vastus femoris;
2. Rectus femoris;
3. Sartorius;
4. Patella;
5. Calf muscles;
6. Tibialis anterior;
7. anterior muscle;
8. Long extensor of fingers;
9. Adductor;
10. Semitendinosus muscle;
11. Achilles tendon;
12. Ankle bones;
13. Biceps.

bent leg

1. The bicep is clearly visible when the leg is bent (inner side);
2. When weight is transferred to the leg, the rectus femoris muscle increases (inner side);
3. With leg tension inside the tibialis anterior muscle is tensed, and when the leg is tensed from the outside, the calf muscles are tensed;
4. When no force is applied to the leg, it is in a relaxed state and, accordingly, the muscle line is smooth (outer side).

When the leg is straight, the lower part of the leg arches back (side view) and out (straight view).

VI. Body in profile

Drawing a silhouette in profile begins with the usual skeletal structure:

1. The shoulder joints are slightly distant from the spine, and are not on the same level with it, because the "line" of the shoulders is in the form of an arc.

View from above:

shoulder joint

Center of the spine

2. The center of gravity of the body is below the navel, inside the body. The body is most balanced when this point is on the line of balance.

3. The hip joint is connected to the knee-ankle line at a slight angle, so that the knees correspond with the center of gravity. If you look at the silhouette of the skeletal structure, then there is an arc from head to toe. However, such an arc is observed in upright people, and in our time, many stoop.

4. The spine has a curved shape, similar to the letter "S". How strong this curve is depends on the individual.

5. The apex of the curve of the spine, which protrudes forward, is between the shoulder blades.

6. There is an opposite apex of the curvature of the spine that protrudes inwards and is slightly above the pelvic bone.

Having outlined the chest and pelvic bones, you can create an individual figure by superimposing lines of different sizes.

1. The curve of the back in women is more arched and more flexible than in men.

2. The abdomen in women most often has a smooth curve, while men have a tendency to flatness.

3. Similarly, women's buttocks are rounded while men's are flatter.

VII. breasts

To draw the chest, mark the nipples inside the outline of the body and then add volume.

To draw the chest from the side, draw a circle centered on a horizontal line that marks the level of the nipple.

1. Here you can show the volume with a small line.
2. The lower half of the circumference corresponds to the lower part of the chest. The upper part of the chest is drawn with a slight curve coming from the nipple to the neck.

The shape of the breast begins at the axillary curve. It either sticks out (large breast size) from it or has a small depression (with a small breast size).

On this figure you can clearly see the relationship between chest and biceps. The curve of the armpit passes into the chest, although most of the time part of this line is not drawn (indicated by a dotted line).

The proportions of the ideal chest, according to Western standards:

1. The recess and the nipples are connected in an equilateral triangle, where the sides are about 20 cm.
2. Areola with a diameter of 3.5 to 5 cm
3. Ideal bust proportions are considered when the circumference at the nipples is 15 cm larger than the circumference of the chest under the breast (for example, 90 - 75 cm).
4. Only artificial breasts have volume here!
5. The tips of the nipples stick out slightly different sides.
6. The chest extends beyond the chest line by 1 to 3 cm.
7. 1/3 of the volume of the chest should be above the areola, and 2/3 below it.

For this effect of breast compression, either a special bra or artificial breasts in the form of balls is needed.

natural position. The distance between the chest is from 1 to 3 cm.

When turning the body 3/4, a line appears between the chest.

VIII. Equilibrium

To make sure the body is balanced, draw a vertical line down the center of the body. Standing on two legs, the line will run in the middle between the legs, and on one leg, through the center of the foot. If the hand is on the ground, then accordingly it is a triangle where the legs are the arms of its sides, and so on. The human body should be positioned in a balanced way around this line:

Translation: Prescilla

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It will not be difficult for many novice artists to draw flowers, trees, houses. But when it comes time to draw people on paper, they get lost. Because they don't know how to draw a human body correctly. If you don't succeed either, don't even think about giving up. Thanks to several techniques, you can quickly learn this.

They are quite simple. At the same time, these useful tips will help you cope with the necessary task:

• Even if you don't plan to turn your sketches into color illustrations, use a pencil at the very beginning. He will allow you to correct the drawing at any time.
• Don't push hard. Do all movements only with light strokes. If you make a mistake or want to redraw an element of the picture, you do not have to suffer by erasing thick lines with an elastic band.
• Practice every day. Don't be discouraged if you don't know how to draw a body. Believe in yourself!
• Watch your posture. You cannot give all your attention to the drawing by sitting incorrectly.
• If you're serious about art, study other people's techniques, go to art galleries, buy themed books. Experienced artists are well acquainted with how to draw the human body.
• If you are copying from an already finished drawing, do not be afraid to make mistakes. Remember that you don't have to portray the exact same character. It will be much better if it turns out differently.

body proportions

At all times, special attention was paid to the relationship between the figures. Before drawing the body, you need to know its correct proportions. The height of the figure of an adult is 8 of his heads, of a teenager - 7. This part of the student's body can be positioned 5 times in length, the baby - 4. The size of the arms should reach the middle of the thigh, while the elbows should be on the same level with the waist, and the knees should be exactly in the middle of the leg. The length of the legs is 4 heads, and the head, together with the body, is half the height of the entire figure. The fingers of the lowered hand are located in the region of the middle of the thigh. The height of the foot is the size of the nose. And its length is the same as that of the forearm. The height of the female head is equal to the distance between the prominent points of the chest, the male - half the width of the shoulders.

Differences between male and female parameters

The average height of a man is about 170 cm, women - 160. The arms of a strong half of humanity are long and muscular, when the hands of girls are a little shorter. But the legs of women are longer (in relation to the body). Men have a strong physique, broad shoulders and a short torso. The female body is longer, the shoulders are often shorter than the hips. Men have a thick neck, girls - on the contrary, thin. As for the muscles, in men it is strongly marked. At the same time, the contours of the body are sharp. At the same time, in women, the outlines are soft, the shapes are round, the fat layer is larger. The male foot is massive, large, the female foot is much smaller in size.

We draw a man

The following master class shows how to draw a man's body:

1. Start at the top. Draw a small circle, draw a curved line from below. You should get the shape of an egg, only turned upside down.
2. Draw the neck by sketching two straight lines. As a guide, take the distance from ear to ear.
3. Draw a long (2-3 head width) horizontal line so that it is perpendicular to the neck. It determines the location of the collarbones.
4. At the end of the two lines, draw small circles of the same size - these are the shoulders. Sketch two ovals a little lower, slightly longer than the height of the head - these are the biceps.
5. In the place where the biceps begin, outline the body of the body. Geometrically, it will look like this: an inverted trapezoid is the chest, vertical straight lines are the torso, an inverted triangle is the pelvis. Mark the place above the last geometric figure with a dot - there will be a navel.
6. On both sides of the triangle, draw two circles (most of them should be outside), and immediately below them - long ovals. They will be hips.
7. Below are two small ovals for the knees. Let it intertwine a little with the hips. And even lower - for the shins.
8. For the legs, draw two triangles, at the very bottom.
9. Try to draw show jumping of the body, add details, come up with clothes for your character.

We draw a woman

Now that you know the basics and have learned how to work with the male silhouette, you can learn how to draw the female body:

1. Start with the most important thing - draw a vertical line. To represent the torso, place an inverted triangle at the top of the torso.
2. Inside the resulting triangle, draw another one looking up. Draw two circles at the corners of the inner figure to represent the breasts. If you did everything right, the first of them should be on the right, and the other on the left of the line drawn earlier.
3. Just below the main triangle, draw a circle of equal size. Its upper part should go slightly beyond the triangle. This will be the pelvis.
4. To draw the hips and legs, draw two curved lines from the top of the circle. And below - two more, but shorter. Some should look like brackets.
5. Add lines and details, dress up the girl.

Done, now you know how to draw a girl's body.

Summing up

Using the techniques presented above, you can draw almost any person - an adult man and woman, a teenager, a child. The main thing to do is follow the instructions, learn how to work according to the scheme. After a while, you yourself, without anyone's help, will draw beautiful and proportionately correct characters on paper. Don't get discouraged if something doesn't work out for you. You can try again at any time.

Remember one more important rule: the work of the artist does not end at the moment when he understands how to draw the body. It is also necessary to think over the hairstyle of the character, his style, give him emotions, portray the character. In other words, with the help of a pencil, “breathe” life into it. Learn the art of drawing, improve your skills - and you will definitely succeed!

A good topic is proposed for discussion - "How to draw people ..." You can answer briefly - so that it looks like. And expressively. Only now, in order to achieve this, many do not have enough life. Can you learn to draw? Yes, you can. The main and indispensable condition is that you need to want it strongly. The rest we can overcome.

Taking the first steps

How to draw people, where should I start? From the habit of carefully looking around you. Think, analyze and compare. From the very beginning, one should learn the fundamental principle - one should not copy what our eye sees. Any drawing must be built after it passes the comprehension phase. People, for all their dissimilarity to each other, consist of the same parts - the body, head and limbs. The anatomical structure of a person should be known. You can study it in detail using special manuals. But this should be done without stopping the drawing process. You have to work with a pencil in your hand a lot and every day. It is best to start with short sketches - let's ask someone to pose for us.

And step by step we answer the question of how to draw people. We always start the drawing with the correct placement of the future image on a sheet of paper with light strokes. Now the most important thing is to build a figure. We carefully check the proportions of its main parts. If necessary, correct the result with an eraser. On how correctly we build the figure, it will mainly depend on how successfully we coped with the task of how to draw people correctly. When building, do not forget about balance, the figure must stand steadily on a plane or sit on some kind of support. Already at the stage of construction, we do not forget about the specificity and expressiveness of the ratio of the main parts and smaller details. In no case should not be given equal attention to all details. Highlight the main thing and discard the secondary - this is all mastery in the end. At the final stage, we summarize the drawing with wide strokes. We meticulously examine our work and try to comprehend whether we managed to answer the question of how to draw people. We should not be upset if the result of the work does not suit us. Dissatisfaction with the result is a healthy feeling and a guarantee of future success.

We can achieve something only by constantly and hard work. You should set yourself consistent tasks, gradually complicating them. If we began to succeed in depicting people statically, the time has come to think about how to draw a person in motion. And there is only one way to do this - to draw short sketches. Usually this is a general silhouette in several lines. Nothing superfluous, just general proportions and direction of movement.

Then, from the many short sketches, the best ones should be selected. And on their basis, you can work on a long drawing of a figure in motion. And without fail, one should look back at the experience of the masters of the past. It's very interesting to compare your student drawings with masterpieces. Attentive person from such a comparison of disparate quantities can take a lot of useful things.

Proportions of the human figure have been of interest to artists, philosophers and educators for the past 20 centuries or more. The Roman architect Vitruvius wrote at the beginning of the 1st century AD: "Nature so well put together the human figure that the face, from the chin to the roots of the hair, is a tenth of the whole body." He also argued that the navel is the center of the body, so a circle drawn around this point would touch the outstretched fingers and toes of the person lying on their back. This theory was illustrated in famous drawing by Leonardo da Vinci below.

Unfortunately, theory only works in practice. if the arms are at a very specific angle. However, it can be seen that when the arms are stretched out to the sides, the distance between the tips of the fingers is about the same as between the crown of the head and the soles of the feet. it useful rule when determining arm length.

During the Renaissance, human anatomy became the subject of detailed study, and artists became involved in the search for meaningful mathematical relationships between the sizes of different parts of the body. Comprehensive approaches have been devised to determine " perfect figure". Since then, hundreds of such approaches have been developed using various parts of the body as units of measurement, including the head, face, legs, forearms, index finger, nose, spine, and so on. But since no one approach was universal, because one cannot deny the obvious fact that all people are different, these approaches are of interest only to the classics. Accepted ideal body proportions also are changing from one generation to another. Therefore, we must generally resort to observing a wide range of sizes and shapes of people that we see around us.

For our purposes, however, it is useful to study the figure of medium size, as this gives us a base on which to build proportions.

The most common method- the use of head height as a unit of measure for relative measurements of various parts of the body. The average figure is seven heads, but a range between six and eight heads is also considered normal. In fact, most often in drawing guides, the "ideal" figure is depicted eight heads high- mostly, I suspect, because then you can divide the body vertically into eight convenient parts: chin, nipples, navel, crotch, mid-thigh, knees, calves and feet, which makes life easier for the instructor!

However, rules are there to be broken! We can admire the wonderful achievements of Roman architects and renaissance painters/mathematicians, all of whom should offer us a handy check of proportions, but it would be foolish to limit ourselves to this method.

Proportions of children

When drawing children, you will find that the head occupies a much larger proportion of the total height. The head of a newborn baby is about a quarter of the total height, and the length of the legs is much less. But as the child grows, the legs increase in length much more than other parts of the body in relation to the total height of the body, so that the head becomes proportionately smaller.

Subcutaneous fat distribution

During childhood, male and female body shapes are very similar. The shape of the average body of an adult male is mainly dictated by the size of the muscle mass, while the figure of the average woman depends mainly on the size of the fat masses. When girls reach puberty, there is an increase in fat deposits in very specific places to give roundness to the breasts and hips of an adult woman.

Below are illustrations of where it is deposited subcutaneous fat in women and men. Both sexes have reserves high on the back between the shoulder blades, which show up in obese people of both sexes with hunched shoulders and a short neck. However, other places where fat accumulates differ between the sexes. An overweight man is more characteristic of the waist than the hips. excess fat in men stored above the hip bone on the back on either side of the spine and on the upper abdomen. overweight women, on the contrary, as a rule, they gain more at the hips than at the waist. Their main fat storage sites are the lower abdomen, buttocks and thighs, as well as the chest and back between the shoulder blades, just like in men.

The distribution of fat in a woman

Proportions of the elderly

In old age flexor muscles, usually, are shrinking, become shorter. It makes the body bent when it is in its normal standing position. The shoulders are rounded, in the thoracic spine its natural curve increases and the neck pushes the face forward. Even when the body is relaxed, the arms and legs remain slightly bent.

Skin and subcutaneous fat become thinner and muscles contract. Elbow joints and wrists appear larger, and veins may become prominent and protrude from under the skin. All fat deposits on the body and face become softer and tend to sag at the elbows and under the chin.

From the next lesson we move on to human drawing practice.

Hope you enjoyed this tutorial! Leave your comments and comments about the course.

The following materials were used in the article:
- Ron Tiner "Figure Drawing without a model";
- Loomis E. Nude. Drawing guide.

Sketches of a person occupy the first positions in importance in artistic practice among all types of quick drawing. Sketch training is the main part of the overall learning process. It is aimed at solving several problems in creating a full-fledged drawing of a human figure and separately of his head. You can also gradually explore the living form and expand your horizons through this technique. So, how to draw a sketch of a person?

Head

Mastering the sketch technique helps to learn how to select and display on paper the most characteristic and typical features of the object of contemplation, thus conveying the deep content of nature.

A sketch of a human head, performed from nature, must convey movement and proportions. Drawing from a photo can only be done under the guidance of an experienced teacher. Therefore, a sketch of a person's face with a pencil on early stages training is recommended from a living figure, so the ratio of parts of the face and head is observed.

Getting started, positioning

The small size of the sketch contributes to the development of a sense of proportions and scales, training in determining the proportions of the human body.
Figure sketching takes place in a relaxed home environment as part of the process of creating a training drawing. Before embarking on a voluminous task, it is worth making a sketch to get acquainted with the shape or figure. In the end, sketch the person again to consolidate.

If some parts of the shape are not visible from your vantage point, reposition and sketch further. Sketch the person in profile, in front, and so on. The final drawing should acquire excellent conciseness and confidence in the depiction of nature. After some time, do a sketch from memory, thus solidifying the acquired knowledge.

Such classes must necessarily be carried out when getting acquainted with the human figure. This contributes to the development of a constructive view of the figure and the implementation of previously obtained anatomical foundations.

Sketch of a man in simple poses

It is necessary to start working with sketches by sketching a person in full growth, standing in a simple pose with a clear position of the body. The sketch is given from 15 to 20 minutes. Try to familiarize yourself with the pose by sketching from different locations relative to nature.

In drawing a figure, it is important to start by determining the ratio of the mass of the body to the plane of the legs. To do this, imagine a vertical from the inner ankle, which bears all the load, up. It determines the position of the rest of the components of the figure.

man sitting

A sketch of a seated human figure requires determining the ratio of the reference plane and the direction of the body, that is, the pelvic plus the femoral part and the torso. Don't forget to mark the seat.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that the legs inevitably shorten if the figure in the figure is in a half turn or in full face.

Do not forget that, despite the general physiological structure, the features of the figure are unique and present in each case. They must be shown in the picture. The degree of completeness of the drawing depends on its purpose, but the most important thing is to display the essential in kind.

Clothing in the sketch is displayed in a generalized way, and only those folds that emphasize shape or movement are transmitted. The integrity of the drawing and figure is above all, and nature must be perceived as a whole.

Nude figure

Nude nature is drawn indoors in a sketch along with a full-fledged drawing. Such sketches are easy to do on your own at the beach or in sports, and the speed of switching positions in such situations improves the generalization of vision.

To begin a sketch of a naked person, one should determine the reference places and proportions. Pay attention to the joints of the ankle and knee, as well as the wrist, elbow and shoulder, pubis, navel, nipples of the chest and the location of the jugular fossa. Look for an internal connection in a relationship, not a pinpoint in a mechanical process.

It is important not to tie your vision to relative edge points, but to focus on strong points. To understand the plastic nature of the posture, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the horizontals of the shoulder and pelvic girdle. If the figure is standing, leaning on two legs, then the line of the pelvis is almost parallel to the floor, and if one leg is free from weight, then the pelvis leans towards it.

If you are placed in front of nature, determine the median line. From the back, use the vertical of the spine, its mobility determines the position of the pelvic and shoulder girdle in different positions.

Further sketches are made without the use of auxiliary methods in the construction of the figure. A sketch of a person should confidently and freely convey nature.

Study time does not give a chance to study the plastic positions of the human figure through the creation of a long drawing. This problem is solved by additional independent studies on sketches. The skills worked out in the above way will help to build plot compositions with the inclusion of a person.

After exercises with simple poses, you should start training with a naked male figure in a turn.

Difficult positions, perspective

It is important to work out sketches of nature in complicated turns, tracing the midline of the torso from the pubis to the head in a bend. The drawing of the back provides attention to the spine.

Sketches of nudity in difficult positions are aimed at consolidating knowledge about the transmission of perspective cuts in a live form. It should be taken into account that the surfaces that go into the distance are greatly reduced, and the frontally located planes are displayed in natural size. The perspective reduction of living nature is based on the rules for simple geometric bodies.

Nature for such sketches is located in a reclining position obliquely to the artist, and the direction of the form goes deep. Sufficient removal of nature from the drawing contributes to the creation of the correct proportions, otherwise they may be distorted. Such sketches should show the construction and harmony of the main forms, which are located in different angles relative to you.

It is necessary to try out a sketch of a naked man in active movement, for example, while lifting a load or the like. These sketches convey the relationship between the support plane and the torso, as well as the tension in the involved muscles.

The staging of the two should be based on a plastic relationship.

Conclusion

Draw in every free moment, practice sketching the human body in a variety of poses and activities. For example, sketches of people at work should convey the characteristics of the profession or workflow. Graphic means should even reflect the attitude of the worker to his work through conciseness and avarice of drawing. So, now you know how to sketch a person. Good luck in creativity!

Learn to proportionally and beautifully draw a woman in clothes in a static pose or in motion.

If you want to improve your drawing skills and learn how to depict the female body, figure, arms and legs of a woman, be sure to read this article! Master classes with step-by-step photos of different levels of complexity have been selected for you.

How to beautifully draw a figure of a woman's man in full-length clothes in stages with a pencil for beginners and children?

A woman is often the first thing a small child tries to draw. He wants to be his mother! Children's drawing is only schematic. On it the body is an oval, the head is a circle, the arms and legs are “sticks” or “sausages”, and the hair is a simple shading. Of course, such drawings are touching. But if your child has reached school age and clearly shows interest in drawing, try with him to learn how to draw a woman in full growth, not schematically, but in proportion and technique.

IMPORTANT: If you want you or your child to draw women really beautifully, you can't do without studying anatomy. It must be remembered that the figure will be proportional if you take the head as a unit of measurement. So, the height of a woman should be equal to 7-8 heads. And in order for the curves of the female body to be smooth and beautiful, one should carefully study the skeleton of a woman and her naked body.

Are you drawing with a younger student? Then, of course, everything will be easier, there will be no need to go into anatomical details.
Let the child draw an oval, narrowed down. This will be the blank for the head. From the center of the oval, you need to draw a straight line two heads long - the axis of the body.

Since the woman in the figure will be in clothes, more precisely, in a dress, there is no need to draw hips and legs. Draw a quarter circle divided into three segments.

Focusing on the axis, draw a trapezoid with a smaller base downwards, this will be the torso. On both sides of the larger base, draw semicircles - blanks for the sleeves of the dress.

Detail the drawing - draw the woman's hairstyle.

Draw the woman's hands. Forearms in length should be equal to one and a half heads, brushes - 1 head.

Add legs to the drawing of a woman, detail her dress.

Remove guide lines. Draw facial features as you wish.

How to draw a woman's body in clothes with a pencil?

When you start drawing a woman's body, don't be too lazy to study her skeleton and nude images. Try mentally or on a piece of paper to divide the body into basic shapes, mostly triangles.
Imagine the torso in the form of two triangles, at the level of the waist, connecting at the vertices. These triangles can be the same, since, basically, the width of a woman's hips is equal to the width of her shoulders.

After that, the female figure should be streamlined, since, unlike the male figure, it has more smooth curves.

The next possible difficulty is drawing the female breast. Imagine that you are sculpting from plasticine. Stick two identical semicircles to the torso of your figure, smooth them from above. It will turn out something like the picture below.

Drawing female breasts can be tricky.

Transmit the movements of the female body by moving the axis line.

Now try to draw a portrait of a woman from the waist up.
Draw an oval - a blank for the head, as well as straight lines - the axis of the body, the axes of the arms and legs. Try to keep proportions. Use small circles to mark the places where the joints will be.

The torso of a woman in pencil: step 1.

Draw the contours of the body and hair of the woman.

In the figure, the woman will be in a tight-fitting dress, mark its boundaries. Add jewelry to a woman - a bracelet on her wrist. Draw the hair, let it be in a little mess, as if it is blowing in the wind.

Draw the woman's face, detail her dress. Add shadows with hatching. Erase the guide lines.

VIDEO: How to draw a female body?

How to draw a woman's hands in clothes with a pencil?

Women's hands are especially hard to draw. They need to be smooth and graceful, with long thin fingers.

IMPORTANT: If you depict a woman in clothes, it will be easier for you - you will only have to draw the hands and parts of the forearms. You will hide the rest under the sleeves of your clothes.

Try to depict the woman's hands in several positions at once.

1. Schematically outline the brushes in the form of ovals, and the forearms in the form of straight lines.
2. Starting from the ovals, draw the fingers. Remember that a woman's middle finger is the longest.
   Detail the contours of the hands. No straight lines!
3. Draw the nail plates and skin folds in the areas of articulation of the phalanges.
4. Delete guide lines.
5. Make shadows with very jerky shading, they should not be too dark.
6. If you draw the woman's hands forward, pay special attention to the fingertips. They may be rounded or slightly elongated. With a sharp pencil draw the nails, with thicker lines draw the folds of the skin in the areas of articulation of the phalanges of the fingers.
7. By the same principle, draw female hands in other positions.

Woman's hands with a pencil: step 1.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 2.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 3.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 4.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 5.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 6.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 7.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 8.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 9.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 10.

Woman's hands in pencil: step 11.

How to draw a woman's legs in clothes with a pencil?

The legs of a woman are also more rounded than those of a man. To draw them:

• depict her hips in the form of a triangle lying on the base
• draw dots at the corners of the triangle - a schematic representation of the hip joints
• from these points start straight lines, the axes of the legs (they should not be parallel, make them approach a little at the bottom)
• divide the lines roughly in half, draw dots to mark the kneecaps
• outline the contours of the legs, remembering that the woman's thighs are denser than the shins
• draw the kneecaps
• mark the feet in the form of trapezoids and large bases at the bottom (if the feet are turned straight)
• detail the feet and draw the toes

How to draw a man a woman in clothes in motion with a pencil?

When you have practiced a bit and feel more confident, start drawing a female figure in clothes in a static pose or in motion.
In the first picture, the woman in the dress will be standing.

1. Draw an oval for the head. Divide the oval into uneven left and right halves with a vertical line to define the center of the face. Separate the oval in the upper and lower halves with a horizontal line to keep the proportions of the face. Draw a horizontal line for the hairline. Divide the area below this into three equal parts. The first line below the hairline is for the eyebrows, and the next line shows the position of the tip of the nose. The ears will be located on either side of the head between the eyebrows and nose.
2. Draw two small ovals - sketches of the ears. With curved lines above and below the ears, outline the hairstyle. Add ovals - hat sketch. Extend curved lines below the hat for the neck and shoulders. Draw straight lines for the bodice. Use short, smooth lines to form the chin, right elbow, wrist, and ankles. Draw curved and wavy lines to outline the skirt.
3. Draw hair with hatching. Add a slightly curved line below the edge of the hat. Outline the ears, eyes, mouth. Draw a V-shape for the neckline. Draw the straps of the sundress with straight lines. Detail the sundress - draw the bodice and pleats on the skirt. Draw the woman's legs and shoes on them. Draw bracelets on one or both hands of the woman.
4. Draw the eyes, mouth and nose. Detail the dress, add shadows. Erase the guide lines.

Woman in full-length clothes: steps 1-2.

Woman in full-length clothes: steps 3-4. Woman in pencil full length clothes.

And now draw a woman in a pantsuit in motion.

1. Draw a straight line, divide it into 8 equal segments - it's easier to keep the proportions of the body. The head will be equal to the length of one of these segments.
2. Draw an oval for the head, make markings on it for correct location eyes, nose and mouth.
3. Draw the frame of the female body with straight lines, triangles and circles. Give him the desired pose.
4. With smooth lines draw the contours of the woman's body.
5. Move on to drawing clothes. Since she sits on the figure, you do not need to add a large volume.
6. Draw the woman's face and hair.
7. Draw a scarf on the woman's neck.
8. Detail the clothes. Draw folds and shadows on it.
9. Draw shoes - sandals with heels. Optionally, draw accessories for the woman, such as a bag.
10. Erase all unnecessary lines with an eraser.

Woman in motion: steps 1-2.

Woman in motion: steps 3-4.

Woman in motion: step 5.

Woman in motion: steps 6-7.

Woman in pencil movement.

How easy is it to draw a human woman in full-length clothes by cells?

They say drawing by cells helps relieve stress. Try to draw a woman in full growth, focusing on the picture or video below.

VIDEO: Drawings by cells

How to draw a man a woman in clothes sideways with a pencil?

If you have learned how to draw a full-length woman in clothes in a standing or moving position, it will not be difficult for you to depict her sideways. Pictures will help you - instructions.

Woman dressed sideways: steps 1-2.

Woman dressed sideways: steps 3-4.

Woman dressed sideways: steps 5-6. Woman dressed sideways: pencil drawing.

Drawings of a woman's man in clothes for children for sketching: photo

You can draw a woman in clothes from one of these pictures.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 1.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 2.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 3.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 4.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 5.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 6.

Woman in sketch clothes: example 7.

Drawing lesson for children. How to draw a person to a child 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 years old with a pencil step by step. The lesson is very detailed, you will succeed.

Draw an elongated oval, this will be the head, then draw a small neck at the bottom and draw a rectangle. The neck should be strictly in the middle of the rectangle (upper body).

Even lower we draw a rectangle of the same width, only longer (this will be the lower part of the body). On the sides of the body we draw arms, also rectangles, only very thin and they end below the 1st, but not very low, but a little bit (see picture). Then from the neck we make roundings to the arms, i.e. draw the shoulders. We divide the lower rectangle in half, these will be the legs.

Take an eraser (eraser) and erase some of the lines on top of the shoulders, we do not need them, under the shoulders and under the shirt (the places are shown with a red eraser). Then draw a neckline, not completely the line where the sleeve connects to the main part of the jacket, then from the beginning of the legs from above a line at an angle, but not completely to the left and right, i.e. you should get it like a slingshot shape, draw a fly a little higher. Next, draw the boots and hands. On the right is the sequence of drawing the hands. Done, well done.

Now let's take care of the head. Now we will more clearly draw the shape of the head, and erase unnecessary curves. With a cross in the head, we show where we have the middle head and where the eyes are located. We draw small arches, this will be the top of the eyes, two points are the nose and below their mouth. Also draw the ears, which are located at the level of the eyes and nose.

Draw the same ones under the temples, only on the contrary, we will get eyes, then draw circles to the bottom, draw a line very close on top of the eyes, this is a fold, look at yourself in the mirror, then draw eyebrows and bangs, make the shape of the head wider.

Erase the unnecessary lines on the head and you can draw more folds on the clothes, it's very easy, just draw oblique lines like in the picture, you can detail the shoes. The drawing of a person for children is ready.