MAGISTRATS MAGISTRATS [from lat. magistratus (pl.) - authorities, management] - in Ancient Rome period of the republic, elected officials, in whose hands administrative and military power was concentrated.

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MAGISTRATS- (Latin magistratus) in Ancient Rome, one of the main branches of power in the Roman Republic (along with the Senate and the people). In the hands of M. was concentrated executive power, the right to legislative initiative and (together with the Senate) a significant part ... ... Legal Encyclopedia

Magistracy (from lat. magistratus dignitary, chief) is the general name of government positions in Ancient Rome. The emergence of magistracies dates back to the period of the establishment of the Roman Republic (end of the 6th century BC). Masters were performed ... ... Wikipedia

- (from lat. magistratus chief), in ancient Rome, a public position. Supreme magistrate dictator, decemvirs, consuls, praetors, censors; lower magistrate people's tribunes, aediles, quaestors, etc. Higher magistrates had supreme power, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Mountain organs. estate management in Russia. They arose in 1720 21. According to the Regulations of the Chief Magistrate, M. were elected by citizens from the guests and from the living room hundreds, and from the living rooms of children, and from the first-class citizens in the composition of the president, two four ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

magistrates- (from Latin magistratus (plural) power, management) in Ancient Rome during the republic, elected officials, in whose hands administrative and military power was concentrated ... Big Law Dictionary

Magistrates- class body of city government of the XVIII XIX centuries. Created in 1720 (in 1727 43 it was called the town hall). They were subordinate to the governors and the Chief Magistrate. Until 1775, they performed administrative and judicial functions; as a result of the provincial reform of Catherine ... ... Brief Dictionary of Historical and Legal Terms

MAGISTRATS (from lat. magistratus dignitary, chief), officials of Ancient Rome in the era of the Republic (509 30 BC). There were ordinary magistrates who were regularly elected by the people's assembly, and extraordinary magistrates who were elected or ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from lat. magistratus dignitary, chief) officials of Ancient Rome in the era of the Republic (509 30 BC). There were ordinary magistrates, regularly elected by the people's assembly, and extraordinary magistrates, elected or appointed in ... ... Political science. Dictionary.

The magistrates, the senate and the people formed the three main branches of government in the Roman Republic. In the hands of the magistrates was concentrated executive power, the right of legislative initiative and (jointly with the Senate) a significant part of the administrative ... ... Collier Encyclopedia

In ancient Rome, government positions, as well as persons who held these positions; see Master's ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

• Religion and Power in the Roman Republic. Magistrates, priests, temples
• Religion and power in the Roman Republic: magistrates, priests, temples, Andrei Mikhailovich Smorchkov. A comprehensive analysis of the role of religion in political system Roman Republic. Such problems as the sacred content of the magistrate's power, religious…

A word of 7 letters, the first letter is "P", the second letter is "P", the third letter is "E", the fourth letter is "F", the fifth letter is "E", the sixth letter is "K", the seventh letter is "T", the word for the letter "P", the last "T". If you do not know a word from a crossword puzzle or a crossword puzzle, then our site will help you find the most difficult and unfamiliar words.

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A golden apple rolls on a silver platter. Show answer>>

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Umbrella I - all white and white, I'm big and very brave, I fly through the air, I lower people from the clouds. Show answer>>

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For forty centuries, one of the most powerful states of that era, Ancient Egypt, flourished on the banks of the Nile. Its culture laid the foundation for the development of the entire world civilization, and the management system became a model for many subsequent monarchies. The rulers, who during their lifetime were considered gods, created a harmonious and rational system that allowed them to control all aspects of the life of their people with maximum efficiency.

The highest levels of state power

The management structure of Ancient Egypt was a complex system based on a strict hierarchy that provided for unconditional subordination to a superior. It was a kind of pyramid, at the top of which was placed a "god-like" ruler - the pharaoh. All state power was concentrated in his hands.

But it was impossible to govern the state alone. One step below was the jati - this is the supreme dignitary, the closest assistant to the pharaoh. For four thousand years of ancient Egyptian history, the official functions of this official have undergone significant changes.

Duties of the Supreme Assistant

If at first he was the high priest of the capital, who, in addition to communicating with the gods, was charged with managing the household of the pharaoh, then over time the scope of his activities expanded significantly. These energetic and enterprising people concentrated in their hands the management of all the affairs of the state.

The supreme assistant of the pharaoh in ancient Egypt, basking in the glory of his sun-like ruler, had, like him, unlimited power. It is not difficult to guess that this position was occupied by the closest relatives of the pharaoh or, as an exception, the most dexterous and titled representatives of the highest aristocratic families. Over time, the term "jati" was replaced by the Arabic word "vizier", but this did not cause any significant changes in the life of a senior official.

Documents have been preserved in which the official powers of the jati-vizier were listed in detail. Among them are such important duties as issuing laws, promotion, establishing the boundaries of territories belonging to large landowners, as well as police functions. As the chairman of the six judicial chambers operating in ancient Egypt, he also exercised control over this side of public life.

Subordinate officials: functions and job title

There were three closest assistants to the pharaoh. They formed the next rung of the job ladder and were the elite of society. Their names are found on the walls. By seniority, the closest assistants to the pharaoh were the treasurer, the head of work and the manager of the “house of weapons”. The scope of each of them was strictly limited. The treasurer was in charge of all movables and real estate states. His duties included monitoring the strict implementation of all economic decrees of the pharaoh and tax collections.

The title of the position of the pharaoh's closest assistants, who stood on the same level as the treasurer, fully reveals the essence of their activities. The head of work was responsible for the serviceability of irrigation and irrigation systems, which in a hot arid climate was a very important function, and the manager of the "house of weapons" was engaged in the material support of the army.

The administrative apparatus of the past centuries

Written monuments of that time testify to what the nobles did in the service of the pharaoh. One of the most common forms of their activity was participation in various councils and meetings. They met on various occasions. These are issues related to the solution of economic, political and social problems. The closest assistants of the pharaoh created numerous grassroots structures, each of which performed administrative functions at its own level.

Viceroys of the pharaoh

As a result of the expansion of the territories of neighboring states, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bAncient Egypt expanded significantly, and numerous provinces entered it. In them, the closest assistants to the pharaoh were the rulers appointed by him, who were called nomarchs. These local kings, acting in all cases of life on behalf of the supreme ruler of the country, had practically unlimited power. Taking advantage of their remoteness from the capital and the difficulty of controlling their activities, they sometimes abused their position and embarked on a path that is now called corruption.

It is interesting to note that under Amenhotep III (XIV century BC), special instructions were drawn up and sent to the places by the closest assistants of the pharaoh, in which the lower officials and their scribes set out the rules for handling secret documents, the use of seals, and set deadlines for considering complaints. A special place in them was given to the enumeration of punishments for disclosing

A look into the past

Deciphering the written monuments of that era made it possible to present the picture in its entirety. state structure Ancient Egypt and find out what the nobles did in the service of the pharaoh. From them it became known that, along with many positive aspects of the management structure, there were very significant shortcomings in it. One of them, for example, was the lack of a clear separation between the powers of the judiciary and the administrative authorities. However, in spite of everything, the state, created on the banks of the ancient Nile, took an honorable place in world history.