Business plan: growing greenery in a greenhouse. Growing fresh herbs as a business

* Calculations use average data for Russia

50 000 ₽

Minimum investment

65%

Profitability

20 sq.m.

Required area

From 1 month

Payback period

Most people who choose the idea of starting their own “rural” business consider growing greens for sale as one of the first options. Indeed, this idea seems, at first glance, just perfect for starting. For its implementation, according to the authors of numerous articles on the Internet, a large start-up capital is not required. Planting material is quite inexpensive, the growing period of greens is an average of a month, and the yield is very high: up to four kilograms of greens can be harvested from one square meter of area. The demand for such products is stable, and the profitability of such a business is over 65%. However, unfortunately, not all of these statements are confirmed in practice.

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Types and features of green crops

Greens are healthy and tasty, contain a large amount of vitamins, can improve the taste of the first and second courses, and contribute to better absorption of food. Green crops are sufficiently resistant to low temperatures, so they can be grown outdoors from early spring to late autumn using early or winter crops. The most commonly grown dill, green onions, lettuce, spinach, parsley. This herb is used to prepare various dishes, and the technology for growing them is very simple.

Dill grown in greenhouses and as an independent culture, and as a compactor. When grown on greenery, it is sown on meter-long beds in rows (8-10 cm between rows) or continuous sowing, planting seeds to a depth of 2-3 cm. The sowing density is 15-20 g of seeds per 10 square meters. meters. Dill is cut when it reaches a height of 10-12 cm. During the summer, depending on weather and climatic conditions, dill can be sown at least twice. It is noteworthy that of all green crops, dill is the most demanding in terms of lighting and temperature (it should not be lower than 15 ° C). In addition, it matures the longest, but at the same time it has the highest productivity.

For cultivation Luke on a feather, experts recommend using small bulbs with a diameter of up to 30 mm and weighing up to 30 g and large sets. In this case, the sowing scheme is used in rows with row spacings of 45 cm or tape 20 plus 50 cm. When planted in autumn, the bulbs are planted to a depth of 4-5 cm, and in spring to a depth of 2-3 cm. It will be possible to harvest when the feathers reach a length of 20 -25 cm. There are technologies that allow growing green onions throughout the year. The best varieties for growing for sale are Batun, Emerald Island, Parade, Karatalsky, Krasnodar G-35, Spanish 313, Kaba.

Salad sown in early spring and even before winter in an ordinary way. Different types of lettuce are suitable for greenhouse cultivation - head, asparagus, leaf and romaine. Greenhouse lettuce varieties are most often grown because of its precocity. However, the head of cabbage also grows well, although it is more demanding on lighting and sowing density. Leaf lettuce is sown at a distance of 15-20 cm between rows and 2-3 cm in a row, and head lettuce - at a distance of 20-25 cm between rows and up to 10 cm in a row. Seeds are planted to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. The sowing density is 5 g of seeds per 10 square meters. meters of area. Harvest can be obtained 35-40 days after sowing. Lettuce needs regular care: it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil, destroy weeds and water the plants abundantly. In addition, you need to thin out the plants in a timely manner, otherwise they start blooming too early. Early deciduous varieties of lettuce include the following varieties: "May" and "Berlin yellow", to head ones - "Large green", "Stubborn", "Crystal", "Stone head". For autumn sowing, varieties such as "Winter Yellow-Green" and "Romen" are used.

Spinach grown in the same way as lettuce. The difference lies only in the sowing density: the distance between the rows should be 15-20 cm. The consumption is 40 g of seeds per 10 square meters. meters. The first harvest can be obtained in 30-35 days. Thus, on one area during the summer you can harvest from two crops or more. This crop tolerates the first frost well, so it is often sown in the summer after lettuce, spring onions and other early crops. Then spinach can be grown until late autumn. The only negative of this green culture (as well as lettuce) is the need for regular watering. With the onset of drought, spinach loses its nutritional value and throws out arrows. The most common varieties of spinach include "Summer Giant", "Virofle" and "Victoria".

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parsley grown both from seeds and by distillation from root crops. Before sowing, parsley seeds are kept in wet gauze for five days at room temperature and another ten days after germination at a temperature of +1-2°C. This allows you to get the first shoots as soon as possible and increase the yield. The sowing rate of parsley is 20 g per 10 square meters. meter. It is much more difficult to grow parsley from root vegetables. To do this, root crops are kept in sand at a temperature of +2 ° C, and then planted in moist soil at an angle of 45 degrees and to a depth of 15 cm (with a weight of root crops of 60-70 g). Furrows are first cut in the soil at a distance of about 15 cm from each other, then they are filled with water. The distance between plantings should be 5-6 cm, and between rows - 10 cm. The main thing is not to sprinkle the head and neck of root crops with earth. The soil must be lightly compacted and watered intensively. The harvest can be obtained 30-45 days after planting the root crops, when the parsley leaves reach 20-25 cm in length. Moreover, with proper care (regular watering - preferably drip, ventilation, avoidance of sudden temperature changes, good lighting), you can collect up to 6 kg of greenery from 1 sq. meters.

For growing greens for sale, experts advise giving preference to early-ripening and hardy varieties. If you plan to grow several types of green crops at once, then you must follow the sequence of crops. First of all, onion sets are sown, which goes to the feather. Before planting, the material must be prepared. It is recommended to soak the sevok for three days, cutting off the top of the head. Then it is planted in well-moistened water (warm if the earth is not yet warm enough) soil. Onions require regular care: loosening the soil, top dressing and regular watering. After onions, dill and parsley are sown, the seeds of which are also pre-soaked. Two weeks after planting onions and dill, lettuce and spinach can be planted.

Growing greens in greenhouses

As experience shows, it is most profitable to engage in the greenhouse business in the southern regions of our country - in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, where frosts are not so strong, and daylight hours are longer. Otherwise, the high costs of gas and electricity in the northern regions will “eat up” all the profits from the sale of finished products. For a 20 sq. meters heating costs in winter are about 75,000-80,000 rubles. In the middle lane, the cost of heating such an area will average 250,000 rubles a year (if you meet the electricity quota). It often turns out to be more profitable to deliver finished goods from other regions than to grow greens on your own. The minimum profitability of the greenhouse business should be 20%. Ideally, you should strive for indicators of 30-35%, but they are difficult to achieve.

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Growing greens in a greenhouse is more profitable at least four times than vegetables. However, keep in mind that ideally you need to organize a stable sale of your products in the nearest settlement in order to minimize transportation costs.

The cheapest technology for greenhouse cultivation of green crops is hydroponics. In fact, it allows you to minimize physical labor, reduce the vegetative cycle of plants by several times and, accordingly, increase productivity by several times. When using hydroponic technology, plants are grown on artificial media without soil - not in boxes with soil, but in ordinary plastic cups or PVC pipes with holes made in them. They receive nutrients from a humid air environment, which requires frequent or constant drip irrigation with a working solution of mineral salts. Due to the small volume of growing containers, plants can be placed in them not only in the lower part of the greenhouse, but also vertically, on walls, and even under the ceiling, which allows you to increase productivity even in a small area. Everything would be fine if not for one “but”: crops grown in hydroponics do not have a characteristic taste and smell. They are almost tasteless, although they have an attractive appearance. Even the low price does not compensate for the taste deficiencies. But, nevertheless, although this technology is not suitable for the summer season (when there is an abundance of fresh herbs straight from the garden on the market), it is widely used for growing herbs in the winter months. In the absence of an alternative, consumers are willing to buy fresh herbs, even if their taste leaves much to be desired.

There are also "intermediate" technologies for greenhouse cultivation of greenery, which involve the simultaneous use of peat and ordinary soil and liquid fertilizers used in hydroponics. These technologies are three times more expensive than hydroponics, but the products grown with their help are not much different from those grown in the open field.

What material should be used to make greenhouses for growing greens? Currently, glass and polyethylene are most widely used for this. A glazed greenhouse is more expensive both at the construction stage and during further operation, since glass does not retain heat well. In addition, on hot and sunny days, glass does not retain or scatter light, which can cause plant burns. In extreme cases, tempered technical glass with a thickness of 6 mm or more can be used for the construction of a greenhouse. This material can be purchased at a price of 1000 rubles per linear meter. However, polyethylene is not the best option, since, on the contrary, it transmits light very poorly. On cloudy days in such a greenhouse there will be insufficient lighting, which adversely affects the plants. Yes, and the cost of heating a film greenhouse will be considerable. There are better options that have recently gained increasing popularity - metal structures with acrylic or polycarbonate coating. A greenhouse made of these materials is more expensive than polyethylene. But it will last much longer, and its efficiency will be higher.

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The construction of a greenhouse costs from 1,500 rubles per 1 sq. meter without additional equipment. At the same time, a greenhouse of 100 sq. meters (a relatively small greenhouse measuring, for example, 5 by 20 meters) gives about 80 square meters. meters of usable area. However, the area can be increased up to 200 square meters. meters using a two-tier racking system.

A large area greenhouse is recommended to be divided into spans of 25 square meters. meters, which will facilitate the care of landings. Manufacturers, in an attempt to minimize the cost of greens, do not pay much attention to either the quality of the soil or its fertilizer. In extreme cases, if the greens “fade”, then it is sprayed with urea, and when mold appears, it is treated with potassium permanganate.

Prospects and risks of "green" business

Although, in general, growing greens for sale is a promising and profitable direction, but only if several conditions are met. In the first place are production volumes - the more they are, the better. And on the second (although this condition is no less important) - the presence of distribution channels. Selling greens on your own in the market or selling it to resellers for a penny, you won’t earn much. It is possible to agree on deliveries with cafes and restaurants, but, firstly, their purchase volumes are not so large. Secondly, you need to provide all documents for your products. And thirdly, it will be very difficult to achieve such agreements.

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Even a child will say that greens are healthy, tasty and in demand by housewives throughout the year. And the Internet is full of advice that you can quickly and easily earn money on growing greens. However, in fact, in order for the cultivation of greens in a greenhouse to be developed as a profitable business, and not to fail on the very first batch of "green vitamins", you need to carefully study a lot of nuances.

"Green" business: where to start

Greens are really present on the table in every home: fresh, dried or frozen, they complement the taste of any dish, and in the winter season they provide the body with much-needed vitamins. And women who watch their figure are your potential regular customers.

The most popular greens sell well regardless of the season

Having started drawing up a business plan, you, as in the famous program, must answer yourself a series of questions: “What?”, “Where?” and when?".
So what to grow? As practice shows, dill, green onions, parsley, basil, sorrel, cilantro, celery and lettuce are the most loved by our fellow citizens. Other types of greens also find their buyers, but you should not immediately allocate a huge territory for their cultivation - first check the laws of consumer demand on personal experience.
Where to grow? Of course, having only beds, you will not be able to compete with the owners of greenhouses where greens are grown all year round. It’s good if you can create the necessary microclimate in the greenhouse to get a crop regardless of the season.

You can change the range of your products depending on the season and fluctuations in customer demand.

When to grow? If the equipment and financial possibilities allow you to create heating and artificial light in the greenhouse, then do not stop the growing process all year round. Agree, the New Year and Christmas holidays contribute to a significant increase in demand for fresh "green" products.

Growing greens for sale: myths and reality

In order to draw up a business plan that corresponds to reality, it is necessary to abandon the illusions that various online publications instill in beginning "agricultural businessmen".

Myth No. 1 “Growing greens in your own greenhouse as a business does not require special investments”

Greenhouse for greenery should be equipped with heating, ventilation and lighting systems

Indeed, if you plant several beds, then the cost of buying seeds, watering and care will be minimal. Then you can sell the surplus crop and recoup all the same minimum costs. If you grow large batches of high-quality (!) Greens all year round, then you will need:

greenhouse equipment (if you don't already have one);
seeds;
fertilizers;
insecticides;
watering (it would be more correct to irrigate the greens by drip irrigation);
utility costs: water, electricity - heating during the cold season;
transport to deliver the goods to the point of sale (fuel and depreciation costs).

Correlate all these indicators with the area of the greenhouse and you will get the amount that you will need for a successful start of the "green" business. When you understand how much money it will take to get started, be sure to also consider the financial and time costs of the growing process per year.

Important! Don't forget the so-called man-hours: will you be able to do the job yourself or will you need helpers (who probably also need to be paid).

And when the economic justification (business plan) seems to be ready, then a thing pops up that everyone forgets about at the initial stage - the tax base.

Important! For wholesale trade, you must obtain the status of an entrepreneur, and in this case, you must take into account the tax base

Without the status of an entrepreneur, it is unlikely that it will be possible to work with wholesale sales.

Myth number 2 "With 1 m 2 you can get 5 kg of fresh herbs"

When you have completed the first part of your business plan and figured out how much money you need to enter the green market, it's time to calculate your future income. You should be aware that not every type of greenery will give you the promised 5 kg per square meter, especially if you plant the plants correctly - namely, not too densely.

Greens must be planted correctly, following the recommendations for sowing density

Next, you should find out the cost of 1 kg. Moreover, if you sell your goods yourself (without intermediaries), then you can focus on the retail price, and if you supply greens to points of sale as a wholesaler, then the price per kilogram will be wholesale (lower).
To put it simply, when your estimated income exceeds your expenses, the business will be successful. However, you must understand that the net profit will appear only after a certain number of months, when the "starting" investments pay off.

Myth #3 "Growing greenery doesn't require special knowledge"

Yes, greens are not as difficult to grow as, for example, Dutch rose varieties. But you will need to take the time to delve into the topic:

how to cook seeds;
according to what scheme to land;
how, when and how much to water;
what quality and temperature should be water for irrigation;
how to prevent the appearance of pests;
how to treat plants for diseases;
how to ensure proper lighting for each type of greenery;

An example of organizing the necessary lighting for greenery in a greenhouse

what microclimate to create for plants;
when to harvest;
and how to bring it safe and sound to the place of sale.

If you are ready to answer all these questions right now, then you really do not need additional preparation.

Basic rules for growing herbs for sale

For growing for sale, choose greens of early maturing and at the same time hardy varieties.
Buying seeds from wholesalers will be more profitable if your greenhouse area is large.
So that the soil does not deplete, alternate planting different types of greenery in separate areas.
Fertilize the soil.
Before planting, sort and soak the seeds in water, as is done with vegetable seeds (this will speed up their germination).
To constantly get a crop, plant not all the greens at once, but in stages: after 10-12 days a new batch.

Greenhouse prepared for planting different types of greenery

Arrangement of a greenhouse for growing greens for sale

To calculate the profitability of a "green" business, it is important to take into account the region of your residence: in the southern part of the country, daylight hours are longer and there are no too severe frosts in winter, so the cost of heating and lighting greenhouses will be 3-3.5 times less than in central Russia. Therefore, sometimes in winter it is more profitable to grow greens in warm regions, so that later they can be imported to colder regions - transport costs may be less than electricity costs.

For growing greens for sale, a polycarbonate greenhouse is best suited

For growing greenery for sale all year round, a polycarbonate greenhouse with a metal frame is best suited. It's all about thermal insulation and the degree of light transmission:

A glass greenhouse does not retain heat well, so it will have to be heated continuously in the winter (this will increase the cost of growing greenery several times). As for the summer period, glass is not able to protect plants from sunburn to the necessary extent. In addition, the construction of such a greenhouse in itself is expensive. In terms of safety, shards from broken glass can injure greenhouse workers.
Polyethylene greenhouses are generally very difficult to consider as an option for winter growing greens. In the summer, plants in such a greenhouse may not have enough light. But the construction of the greenhouse itself will cost you inexpensively.
A polycarbonate greenhouse keeps the temperature inside well, while letting in a sufficient amount of light from the outside. The cost of building a structure is average (in comparison with previous options).

Shelves for growing greens significantly increase the usable area of the greenhouse

If your greenhouse is too small for growing greens for sale, then build shelving - and the plants can be placed in several tiers. Thus, the usable area will increase by 2 or even 3 times.

How to prepare greens for sale

It is not enough to grow good greenery, it must be properly offered to the buyer. And even if you work as a wholesaler, a lot depends on your efforts in this matter.

It is important not only to grow good greenery, but also to offer it beautifully to the buyer.

You can sell some greens by weight (green onions, parsley, dill), but more often - in bunches. Form bunches in the evening. To do this, carefully fold the stem to the stem and wrap it with thread. To prevent the greens from wilting, they put it in a container with water (only the stems are dipped).

Important! In order for the business of growing greens to be profitable, you need to agree on supplies with the maximum possible number of points: shops, cafes and restaurants, markets.

It is due to the large turnover of goods that you can make your business profitable. A wholesale buyer can even be invited to the greenhouse to make sure of the quality of your products and your compliance with all sanitary standards. After all, large retail chains and well-known restaurants value their reputation, so they will not agree to purchase goods of dubious quality.

How to organize a greenery growing business: video

Growing greenery for sale: photo

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Growing greenery is a business that you can do on your own site by building a greenhouse on it. It does not promise super profits, but it is perfect as a part-time job.

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

The purpose of the project is the organization of a greenhouse for growing greenery for its implementation in the Rostov region. The main target audience is concentrated in Rostov-on-Don. The target audience are small wholesale buyers who sell their products among the city's population aged 20 to 50 years with different income levels.

The growing demand for fresh vegetables and herbs, the fashion for healthy eating and state support for agriculture have led to the active development of the greenhouse business. In the Russian greenhouse industry, it is profitable to grow fresh herbs for sale - they are more unpretentious than vegetables and do not require constant care. According to market research, the need for salad greens increases by 10% every year.

Thus, the idea of organizing a greenhouse for growing greenery is relevant. This business has the following benefits:

Preferential conditions for doing business related to agriculture;

Increasing sales without investment!

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For the implementation of the project, a private land plot with a total area of 50 sq.m. is used. The personal household plot is located in the Rostov region, 25 km from the enterprise is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

The initial investment is 182,000 rubles. Investment costs are directed to the construction and equipment of greenhouses, advertising promotion, the formation of a working capital fund until the project reaches payback. The bulk of the required investment, 68%, falls on the construction and equipment of greenhouses. Own funds will be used to implement the project.

The financial calculations cover the two-year period of the project's operation. It is anticipated that after this time, business expansion will be required. In accordance with the calculations, the initial investment will pay off in the ninth month of operation. Based on the results of the first year of operation, a net profit of 513,800 rubles and a return on sales of 47.8% are forecasted.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

The greenhouse business in Russia is a promising area, which is explained by the growing demand for fresh vegetables and herbs, the fashion for healthy eating, and the state priority for the development of agriculture in the country. Today, the state is increasingly focusing on the development of the industry, helping beginners and existing farmers, allocating land at preferential rates, subsidizing interest rates on loans and providing grants for the development of greenhouses. However, the main problem hindering the development of the industry is high utility tariffs.

At present, the greenhouse business continues to develop rapidly, increasing the production of vegetables and herbs in domestic greenhouses through the construction of new greenhouses and the modernization of old production facilities. As a result, the gross harvest of greenhouse vegetables and herbs has increased by 17.7% over the past two years. Despite this, the need of Russians for protected ground products produced in the country is satisfied only by 26%. About 600,000 tons of vegetables are harvested from greenhouses in Russia, with a need of 3 million tons. And this demand is increasing by 10-15% annually.

In the Russian greenhouse business, it is profitable to grow fresh herbs for sale. These products do not require as much light and heat as vegetables, they are more unpretentious and do not require constant care. Practice shows that growing greens is 5 times more profitable than vegetables.

In addition, according to marketing research, the need for people to include greens of various varieties in their diet increases by 10% every year, which creates a significant demand for these products among consumers.

Thus, the cultivation of greenhouse greens is a promising line of business. The peculiarity of greenhouse cultivation of greenery lies in the possibility of year-round production, under any climatic conditions. Table 1 summarizes the key advantages and disadvantages of growing greenhouse greens to consider when planning a business. With the right development, a business can bring a stable and high income.

Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of greenhouse cultivation of greenery

Advantages

Flaws

The greens grow quickly, which allows you to take several crops a year and quickly earn income;

High and regular demand for products, which allows finding distribution channels;

Both wholesale and retail sales are possible;

Simple business organization;

Greens are unpretentious in care and do not require much attention;

Small starting capital;

Growing greens does not require specialized knowledge;

Possibility to organize a business at home;

Fast payback

High level of competition in the market;

The market is seasonal;

Short shelf life of products and quick loss of presentation;
- to grow greenery all year round, an expensive greenhouse is required;

It is impossible to sell products through stores without obtaining permits;

Low price for products

When organizing a greenhouse business, it should be borne in mind that this is profitable only if production is located in the southern or central regions of the country. It is more profitable to pay for the transportation of products to the northern territories than to engage in the greenhouse business there, paying significant heating costs.

Thus, we can talk about the attractiveness of this business. Growing a greenhouse business can become a profitable and highly profitable business. A detailed business plan for growing greens in a greenhouse will help you avoid problems when starting your own business.

3. DESCRIPTION OF GREEN GREEN PRODUCTS

Leafy vegetables include lettuce, parsley, dill, onion, cilantro, basil, garlic, and a number of other crops. Lettuce, onion and dill are in the greatest demand. The most profitable type of greens for growing is onions, as it is an unpretentious and fast-growing crop. However, during its implementation, it may be difficult to find buyers, since many grow onions. The most cost-effective greens - lettuce. Recently, the cultivation of arugula is gaining popularity.

It is recommended to start with growing several crops and gradually expand the range. When selecting crops for cultivation, the following parameters should be taken into account: the growing season, the required area for sowing, greenhouse growing conditions, endurance, demand, price. Table 2 presents a comparative description of various types of greens, which will help to correctly form an assortment.

Table 2. Characteristics of the types of greens for cultivation

Types of greenery	greenhouse cultivation	growing season	Endurance	Required area	Long term storage
Parsley

This project involves the cultivation of the following types of greens: parsley, dill, lettuce, onion. All products comply with the requirements of GOSTs (GOST R 55904-2013, GOST 32856-2014, GOST 33985-2016 and GOST R 55652-2013, respectively). As packaging for fresh products, transparent plastic containers are used, as well as cone bags, which improve the presentation of products and simplify transportation. Packing for 100-150 gr. It is also planned to produce products in the form of assorted sets, which include at least two types of greens.

Products are sold at room temperature, chilled and are intended for sale in retail and wholesale trade networks, in public catering establishments and for industrial processing.

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Small-scale wholesale prices for greens vary between 50-150 rubles. per kilogram. It should be borne in mind that the price of greens fluctuates depending on the season. On average, the price is 80 rubles. per kilogram at retail prices of 200 rubles. per kilogram.

4. SALES AND MARKETING OF THE GREEN GROWING BUSINESS

The peculiarity of the greenhouse growing business is that the target audience is not the end consumer, but wholesale buyers, product distributors, represented mainly by various vegetable and food stores. At the same time, the advertising strategy must take into account the requirements of the end user in order to plan production and forecast sales. Portrait of the final consumer of products: city population aged 20 to 50 years with different income levels; gender and occupation as such do not play a role.

Thus, the marketing policy of the project covers both the assessment of end users and methods of promotion among flower distributors. Advertising is aimed at establishing long-term cooperation and developing a client base.

The most difficult task in the greenhouse business is finding a sales market. Greens are a perishable commodity, so a well-functioning system of distribution channels and a competent marketing strategy are needed. In order to form sales channels, a novice entrepreneur should:

Analyze the competitive environment, assess the level of demand for products, develop their competitive advantages;

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Conduct a price analysis of the market and offer more favorable conditions as a supplier: lower cost, flexible system of discounts for wholesale buyers, guarantees, etc.;

Issue a catalog of finished products on paper and on the Internet. Form a list of potential buyers and send out commercial offers.

Sales channels for fresh herbs can be:

retail grocery stores with a wide range of products;

network grocery chains;

vegetable bases;

farm shops that specialize in the sale of organic products made in Russia;

establishments of the HoReCa segment - restaurants and cafes.

Promising markets include online stores, which have recently been gaining popularity and offer customers fresh, farm products. To develop this sales market, you can team up with vegetable cooperatives presented on Internet sites. In the future, with proper advertising of their products, it is possible to open their own outlet.

Each distribution channel has its own advantages and disadvantages, which relate to the final cost of greenery, the volume of batches sold, the terms of cooperation, etc. In order to establish distribution channels and avoid losses from overproduction, it is necessary to create a stable sales network several months before harvest. It should be noted that the search for new customers and the development of sales markets is an ongoing process, so a sales specialist is needed to carry out this function. His responsibilities will include attracting clients and working with them, as well as advertising support for the project and analyzing the effectiveness of using the advertising budget.

Promotion is carried out in various ways. The advertising budget is 30,000 rubles and consists of the following types of costs:

Creation of a product catalog (commercial offer) and printing of advertising material (including business cards) - 10,000;

Direct marketing is a way to increase sales by sending sales letters to potential customers. Effective direct marketing is ensured by narrowing the target audience and a well-composed mailing that may interest the client. The same group of expenses includes the costs of promotion on the Internet, the implementation of call-promotion and transportation costs - 20,000 rubles.

Participation in various thematic fairs and business events is also expected.

The competitiveness of the project is ensured by the high quality of products. In all promotional activities, attention is focused on the merits of purchasing goods from a domestic manufacturer (savings in transportation costs, lower prices, reduced risk of supply disruption, guarantees, a flexible system of discounts, high product quality, which is achieved by reducing delivery times).

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When planning the sales volume, production capacity should be taken into account, since the maximum production volume depends on the area of greenhouses, growing conditions, green varieties, etc.

The maximum production volume is calculated based on the area of greenhouses - 50 square meters. m., the average ripening period is 30 days and the average yield of lettuce crops is up to 4 kg per 1 sq. m. In total, the annual yield of the greenhouse will be about 2400 kg per year, and 200 kg per month. This indicator should be guided by when planning the volume of sales.

How much can you earn growing greens? With an established system of marketing products and an average retail price of 200 rubles. sales volume will be 40,000 rubles per month. In winter, when the price of greens increases significantly, monthly income can double.

5. PRODUCTION PLAN OF THE FARM FOR GREEN GROWING

How to open a greenery growing business from scratch? The project organization algorithm involves the following steps:

Decide on the place and technology of growing greens;

Purchase specialized equipment;

Hire skilled workers;

Plant the seed.

Let's dwell on each point in more detail.

Organizing a greenery business includes the following steps:

1) Registration with state bodies. This project focuses on the cultivation of greenery and positions itself as a personal household plot. Its activities are not taxed and do not require registration. This option is suitable for a small production that plans to cooperate with small distributors.

The company is located on a private plot of 50 sq. meters, located in the Rostov region. The city of Rostov-on-Don is located 25 km from the enterprise. Because the area of the site does not exceed 2 hectares, for organizing a business it is enough to get only a certificate from the local administration that this site belongs to you and is used for growing greenery. With small volumes of production, it is not necessary to register as an entrepreneur: in this case, you sell the products yourself or sell them to resellers at wholesale prices. If in the future it is planned to sell products through grocery stores or vegetable bases, business registration will be required.

2) Production technology. The production technology provides for the creation of two greenhouses (total area - 50 square meters), the use of irrigation equipment. The process of planting seedlings, some care operations, as well as harvesting is carried out manually. The production cycle should be planned based on the fact that the first harvest is expected 30-40 days after transplanting.

There are different technologies for growing greens in a greenhouse:

Hydroponics (growing plants without soil in liquid media using fertilizers). The cost of 1 hydroponics installation is about 1500 rubles. for one installation;

- “intermediate” (peat, hydroponics and ordinary soil are used). This method is 3 times more expensive than conventional hydroponics.

There are also various types of soils that can be used in conjunction with hydroponics. Each soil has its own characteristics (Table 3).

Table 3. Types of soil for greenhouse cultivation of greens

Soil type			Price
	no unpleasant smell, plants do not rot, low price	require care (need to be filled with hot water and placed in a container).	from 300 rub. per 1 cubic meter
	high availability	needs the introduction of various fertilizers and nutrients.	from 700 rubles per 1 cubic meter
Expanded clay	Retains moisture, lightweight, affordable price	does not contain nutrients, therefore it is necessary to fertilize regularly	from 1400 rub. per 1 cubic meter
	practical economical option, good air permeability	heavy and does not retain moisture.	from 50 rub. per kg
coconut flakes	environmentally friendly, durable, universal primer	high price.	from 100 rub. per kg
Hydrogel	retains moisture for a long time, passes water, does not harm plants	high price	from 1500 rub. per kg

The choice of soil depends on many factors, including the characteristics of growing crops from which the assortment is formed. Features of growing selected types of greenery are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Features of growing various types of greenery

Kind of greenery	Growing features
After germination, it takes about 25-30 days to harvest. Watering needs plentiful and frequent, and after cutting, top dressing with fertilizers is required. When cloudy, additional illumination is needed, in winter we also illuminate with fitolamps (3-4 hours)
	Seeds germinate 2-3 weeks, harvest 40-50 days after germination Short shelf life, requires additional lighting in winter
	Seedlings for 5-7 days; harvesting - in 10-12 days. Unpretentious. After cutting the leaves, you need top dressing
	Harvest in 25-30 days It does not require special conditions and special care, but to increase the yield, onions need to be regularly watered and fed with fertilizers.

3) Purchase of equipment. Another important question when implementing a business project is how to choose a greenhouse for growing greens? The construction of a greenhouse is a very important stage in the organization of this business. The quality of the manufactured products, and hence the success of the business, depends by 60-70% on how well and technologically competently the greenhouse will be designed.

For growing greenery at home all year round, capital structures on a solid foundation are suitable. The most efficient greenhouse system for growing greenery is a thermos greenhouse. This design, due to the double coating and the solar collector, allows you to do without heating. Greenhouses with a wooden frame, coating (roof - polycarbonate, walls - thick film) with a total area of 50 sq.m. will cost, on average, 60-70 thousand rubles.

The volume of investments required to create greenhouses is 122,000 rubles. Of these, 80,000 rubles. - funds for the construction of greenhouses, and 42,000 rubles. - purchase of greenhouse equipment, the list of which is given in table 5.

Industrial greenhouses most often use hydroponic technology. They can significantly save space and reduce the cost of finished products. Plants are grown in liquid nutrient solutions, without the use of soil. The cost of a hydroponics kit for a greenhouse is about 70,000 rubles. For soil cultivation, greenhouses must be equipped with a drip irrigation system. The cost of an automatic drip irrigation system for greenhouses with an area of 150 sq.m. - 12,000 rubles.

Lighting for greenhouses is provided by LED lamps, which have spectral characteristics that are completely identical to sunlight. Thanks to this, the normal process of photosynthesis in plants is ensured. In addition, LED lamps save up to 60% of electricity and do not heat up.

Table 5. List of farm equipment

The cost also includes the purchase of seeds, but they can be grown on their own, due to which it will be possible to save. It is also necessary to provide for the cost of biofertilizers - this item of expenditure will amount to 7,000 rubles.

4) Search for distribution channels for products. A greengrowing business will only generate consistent profits throughout the year if marketing channels are established. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the stage of finding customers and establishing commercial cooperation. Whole sale of greenery is the best option for organizing sales. The basis of successful sales is a competent pricing policy and a flexible system of working with clients.

5) Selection of personnel. At the first stages of work, the entrepreneur can perform all the actions on his own. In the future, he will need the help of a sales representative who will look for new distribution channels, as well as an assistant working in the greenhouse.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

In the first year of work, it is planned that the entrepreneur will independently organize the production process. It is allowed to involve third-party assistants at certain stages (for example, during a period of high sales).

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan takes into account all income and expenses of the greenhouse industry, the planning horizon is 2 years. It is planned that after this period, expansion of the business will be required.

To launch the project, it is necessary to calculate the amount of initial investment, which includes: the cost of purchasing equipment, advertising promotion on the market, the formation of working capital, which will cover the losses of the initial periods.

The initial investment for a greenhouse for growing greens is 182,000 rubles. Of these, 68% falls on the construction and equipment of greenhouses, advertising - 16%, and working capital - 16%. The project is financed by equity. The main items of investment costs are shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Investment costs

Variable costs consist of the capacity spent on irrigation, heating, as well as consumables (seedlings, fertilizers, etc.). In this case, utility costs are classified as variable. It is also necessary to calculate the cost of production. Practice shows that the cost of growing greens is 10-60 rubles (depending on the crop). To simplify financial calculations, the amount of variable costs is calculated as the average cost of growing greens - 25 rubles.

Fixed costs consist of advertising costs, depreciation and biofertilizer costs. Lack of staff allows you to eliminate staff costs. The amount of depreciation is determined by the straight-line method, based on the useful life of fixed assets in 3 years.

Table 7. Monthly expenses

Thus, fixed monthly expenses were determined in the amount of 17,000 rubles.

8. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

The payback period of the project with an initial investment of 202,000 rubles is 10 months. The net monthly profit of the project upon reaching the planned sales volumes will be 18,000 rubles. It is planned to reach the planned sales volume in the fifth month of operation. Return on sales in the first year of operation - 47.8%. High profitability is achieved due to the high margin on products. The annual volume of net profit for the first year of implementation will be 245,575 rubles.

9. POSSIBLE RISKS

To assess the risk component of the project for greenhouse cultivation of roses, it is necessary to analyze external and internal factors. External factors include threats related to the economic situation in the country, markets. To internal - the effectiveness of the management of the organization.

Internal risks include:

Greens are perishable goods that cannot be stored for a long time. In order to avoid losses, it is necessary to constantly monitor the market and forecast demand;

Errors in the estimation of sales volumes, which may lead to the disposal of products. It is possible to reduce the likelihood of this risk by creating a well-functioning system for marketing products;

Product quality that does not meet the stated requirements and market requirements: it is necessary to constantly monitor the quality and identify deviations (non-compliance with the technology or low-quality seed);

Errors in the process of growing products, on which product quality and yield depend. Constant monitoring and competent work in greenhouses will reduce the risk.

External factors include:

The presence of a variety of pests that can not only spoil, but also completely destroy the crop. This can be avoided by providing constant protection against pests;

Climatic conditions that complicate the process of growing products and incur additional costs (in the case of a cold winter - for warming the room, in the case of a dry, hot summer - for irrigation). This risk is the most specific for this type of business and almost cannot be managed. The only thing that an entrepreneur should do in this case is to have a reserve of funds in order to respond to the problem in a timely manner and eliminate it;

High level of competition in the market. It is possible to reduce this risk with a well-thought-out marketing strategy and achieving certain competitive advantages (due to a better price, special conditions, guarantees, additional services);

Termination of cooperation, entailing financial losses (decrease in profits, increased costs for finding new partners, etc.) The occurrence of this problem may occur due to inadequate product quality, disruption of supplies, the emergence of a competitor who is ready to offer more favorable conditions. One way or another, an entrepreneur must always take this risk into account and create conditions for cooperation that would be beneficial to both parties.

Evgeniya Yurkina
(c) - portal of business plans and guides for starting a small business

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Profitability calculator for this business

Own business is a stable profit and confidence in the future. Growing greenery in a greenhouse as a business is attractive because it does not require a large initial capital. Even a few tens of thousands of rubles is enough to start, and there is always a demand for a fragrant and healthy product.

Business growing greenery in a greenhouse

Greens are one of the types of cultivated plants that are used in cooking. The green above-ground part is always in demand in the market, which means that the business is in demand. People need this product in winter and summer, as not everyone has their own garden.

In the greengrowing business, one of two paths is chosen:

growing on your own plot “for yourself” and selling the surplus;
creation of a real farm with a whole complex of greenhouses, focused only on sale all year round.

First option practically does not require financial investments, but it does not bring tangible profits. For him, it is not necessary to register an individual entrepreneur, therefore, products are sold only on the market or with the help of resellers.

Second involves the construction of greenhouses, the arrangement of which will take a certain amount of money. Here you will have to deal with paperwork, since a large amount of greenery cannot be sold on your own. IP will provide an opportunity to cooperate with stores and supply them with products in large volumes.

Benefits of growing greens in greenhouses

Greens are unpretentious to growing conditions, withstand a cool climate and grow rapidly. The main thing is to have time to sell the product before it starts to deteriorate.

Growing greens should take place in a greenhouse for a number of reasons:

stable income all year round;
the ability to maintain an optimal microclimate;
the result does not depend on the weather on the street;
increase in productivity in comparison with an open ground twice.

Greens require regular care and feeding, and in a greenhouse in a small area, all these operations are much easier to perform. In one season, it gathers up to 6 crops.

Product types

Very popular among culinary specialists is:

dill,
green onion,
salad,
parsley,
celery,
cilantro.

The most undemanding plants to the microclimate are onions and dill. Cultivation of leaf lettuce brings the highest income due to the short growing season (3 weeks).

Green spaces

If it is planned to supply greens to catering establishments, then the following varieties of greens are grown:

arugula,
spinach,
rosemary,
fennel.

For sale, it is better to choose hardy and early-ripening varieties. Multiple crops are allowed. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the correct sequence of crops. The onion pen is sown first. Its seed material is soaked 3 days before. Later, parsley and dill are sown, which have also undergone a preparatory procedure. Lettuce and spinach are planted in the ground after 14 days.

The greenhouse business allows you to earn income all year round. It's all about starting your own business.

How to open a grocery store from scratch, read.

Greenhouse farming as a business is well suited for those who understand agriculture. Read useful information about starting a business.

Preparatory process

It is most profitable to grow greens using hydroponic technologies. This saves space in the greenhouse, which reduces the cost of finished products. According to the technology, the soil for crops is replaced by a liquid nutrient medium. Hydroponics increases the growth rate of plants. They have an attractive appearance, but are completely tasteless. Because of this, the hydroponic method is used only in the winter season, when buyers have no alternative.

Soil longline cultivation is also used for greenery in greenhouses. Racks with nutrient substrate and sown seeds are installed along the walls one above the other. This technology increases the number of plants per unit area of the building.

Shelves with greenery

Covering material for the greenhouse is selected based on financial capabilities. The cheapest option is polyethylene. For a beginner with minimal capital, it is ideal. This is where its advantages end - it does not transmit light well and requires replacement every few seasons.

The best option is a polycarbonate greenhouse. Such material is optimal when creating conditions for the growth of greenery.

Favorable climatic conditions are created by installing the following systems:

heating,
glaze,
ventilation,
lighting.

Heating of industrial greenhouses occurs with the help of pipes located underground. It is recommended to combine several heating methods. To this can be added the use of biofuels and infrared cables. The greenhouse is equipped with a drip irrigation system.

Ventilation in small greenhouses can be a door and a window on the opposite side of the wall. In buildings with a large area, hatches or fans are installed.

In the winter season, plants will have to periodically turn on the light, otherwise they will not be able to grow normally. For these purposes, energy-saving lamps are used, which are located locally.

Growing greenery

Before you start growing any crop, the technology of its cultivation is studied. Although the rules for caring for greenery are simple, they must be followed, especially in winter.

Green onions grow well under the following conditions:

periodic thorough watering;
draft exclusion;
temperature 19 degrees during the day and 12 - Vv at night;
ammonium nitrate as a top dressing 1 time per season.

Parsley is the easiest to grow of all other crops. It does not require special conditions, and its seeds germinate well. The yield can be increased by the cunning of experienced gardeners: the seeds are germinated in gauze, kept for 10 days in a refrigerator, and then planted in the ground.

Various salad options

Dill is also not picky. When caring for him, the following nuances are observed:

spraying several times a day;
temperature 15 degrees;
loosening the soil after watering;
the presence of light during the dark hours of the day.

Leaf lettuce is a photophilous plant. He must be in a bright room for more than 16 hours a day. The temperature in the greenhouse during the day is set at 18 degrees, and at night - 10 degrees. Water after watering should not stagnate, otherwise the roots will begin to rot.

Collection and transportation

The sale of greenery should be carried out as quickly as possible, since it does not have a marketable appearance for a long time after being cut. The collection of products to extend their freshness is carried out using a special technology. 6 hours before the procedure, the beds are abundantly watered with plain water.

lettuce under cover

Greens are collected with a special tool - a spatula. The onion is pulled out with the head, and the lettuce with the root. After the end of the process, the greens are washed, packaged and delivered to the point of sale.

Plants are placed in a container, on the bottom of which a little water with additives is poured. Additional substances are needed to prolong the presentable appearance of greenery. Regular aspirin does the job just fine. Bundles of plants are arranged vertically and tightly pressed against each other.

Of the fairly simple ways to organize your business, you can note. This does not require large investments, but preliminary calculations must be taken seriously.

See rabbit breeding business plan.

Greenhouse business plan

Properly organized business and successful cooperation with customers helps to achieve B100% profitability.

The amount of investment to start a business depends on a number of factors. Of great importance is the chosen technology, culture and scale of activity. For example, growing rare varieties of greens will require more funds than growing dill or chives.

List of initial costs:

greenhouse construction;
arrangement to create an optimal microclimate;
purchase of seed;
purchase of fertilizers;
inventory.

While running a business, you will periodically have to spend money on:

communal payments;
payment of taxes;
employee salaries;
transportation costs.

The initial capital is approximately 40,000 rubles.

This amount will be much lower if you start growing yourself on an existing land plot in a conventional polyethylene greenhouse without registering an IP.

In winter, the cost of one kilogram of greenery increases several times compared to summer. Full payback occurs in at least 2 months.

Greenhouse growing business is great for beginners. Such plants are unpretentious and do not require large maintenance costs. If things go well, then gradually it can be expanded.

Advantages and disadvantages of year-round cultivation of greenery

Agricultural business is mainly seasonal. But there are crops that can be grown and sold all year round. These include greens - it is in demand at any time of the year. Dill, parsley, green onions can be grown in greenhouses even in winter and sent for sale.

Sales of products on the market

Year-round cultivation of edible herbs has a number of advantages:

the technology of growing greens is very simple and does not require special agronomic knowledge;
greens are unpretentious and easy to care for;
it can be combined together when growing different species;
Several crops can be harvested during the year.

Growing green onions on a feather

For all its attractiveness, year-round cultivation has its drawbacks:

the need for significant financial investments in the creation of a greenhouse and its heating in the winter;
short implementation times - the plucked crop quickly deteriorates;
for a high yield, regular application of expensive high-quality fertilizers and the purchase of good seeds are necessary.

The process of growing greenery itself is simple, but the construction of a greenhouse and its complete equipment requires considerable effort and expense. Therefore, it is worth starting to implement the idea of a green business only after a thorough study of all its nuances.

Scale business

Greenery in the greenhouse as a business idea

Year-round cultivation of greenery is a fairly popular business, and its main feature is quick profit. You can start selling products as early as 1.5 months after the launch. Another plus is high profitability, since the demand for these products is always high and does not depend on the season.

Actual product

Overview of crops suitable for greenhouses

A properly equipped greenhouse for growing greenery in winter for sale is the key to a good harvest and quick profit. It is also important to know which herbs are suitable for greenhouse conditions.

Almost all types of greens grow well in greenhouses:

dill;
parsley;
green onions on a feather;
various varieties of leaf lettuce;
cilantro.

Dill can be freely grown with parsley

Dill is quite unpretentious, tolerates cold well, sprouts quickly and is disease resistant. The first harvest can be harvested after 1.5 months.

Parsley can be grown curly or plain. It is resistant to cold, already a month after germination it is suitable for sale as bunch greens.

Green onion chives

Green onions should be selected hybrid varieties that give lush greenery and do not form bulbs: batun, slime, chives. Green onions need regular feeding with various mineral complexes.

Leaf lettuce for a greenhouse is better to choose fast-growing varieties: watercress, frieze, oaky, romano. This culture is very photophilous, loves nutritious soil and abundant watering.

lettuce cultivation

In cilantro shoots appear quickly, it is undemanding and resistant to cold. The soil for cilantro should be well fertilized and constantly moist.

Business opening algorithm and implementation options

The herb growing business should start with a rough business plan. At the initial stage of its development, it is worth carefully studying this niche in your region:

the level of competition;
points of sale;
implementation conditions;
average prices for greens in the region.

Small business growing green crops

Another article of the business plan is the formalization of your activities. The registration conditions will depend on the volumes in which you will grow greens in the greenhouse all year round.

The category of small business (one or two greenhouses on its own plot) does not require official registration. However, for the sale of products, a certificate from local authorities confirming the availability of the site will be required.

The category of medium business (a large number of greenhouses) is registered as a peasant farm, it must be registered with the tax office. In this case, you will need the necessary package of documents provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation for registering a farm.

Industrial greenhouse scale

The next stage is the purchase of materials and equipment:

materials for building a greenhouse;
irrigation and lighting equipment;
fertilizers;
priming;
seeds;
equipment for heating in winter;
growing containers.

You can sell greens grown with your own hands on your own and through resellers. If you have not registered your activity, then you can sell greens on your own only in the markets. You can also supply products for sale to chain stores and catering outlets. But this method of implementation requires the presence of accompanying documentation.

Greenhouse products on store shelves

In order not to look for points of sale, greens can be handed over to resellers. True, the purchase price will be significantly lower than with independent implementation.

So, the algorithm for opening a greenery growing business is quite simple:

market research;
registration of activity (if necessary);
purchase of materials and equipment;
building a greenhouse and planting greenery;
search for sales points and implementation.

Upcoming expenses and income

The cost and income of a greengrowing business depends on its scale and volume of production.

For a small business on its own site, the initial investment is the most minimal. The costs will be as follows:

purchase of material for the equipment of one or two greenhouses;
purchase of soil, fertilizers and seeds;
installation of additional lighting and heating systems.

Such a business can be launched quite quickly, and the first profit will also not be long in coming. However, one should not expect large incomes, since the volume of products for sale will also be insignificant.

Farms and industrial greenhouses already require more serious investments both at the initial stage and in the future. For a large-scale business, additional items of expenses are added in addition to the above:

land lease (relevant for industrial greenhouses);
construction;
paperwork;
staff salaries;
taxes;
costs for electricity and water at the tariff for enterprises;
packaging and transportation of products.

Growing greens in winter is profitable

If for farms some items of this list may not be relevant, for example, land rent or wages, then for organizing an industrial-scale greenhouse farm, all these costs will have to be taken into account without fail.

Income in this type of business depends on the crops grown and the way they are sold. It is most profitable to sell products through stores or a catering chain. In winter, profits increase, as supply decreases, and demand remains the same as in summer.

The profitability of growing herbs for sale, according to various estimates, varies from 15 to 25%. A farm greenhouse, on average, pays off in 1.5-2 years, an industrial greenhouse in 2-3 years.

The profitability of a business for growing greenery in a greenhouse in winter also depends on the climatic conditions of the region: in the southern regions it is higher than in the middle ones. In the northern region, the cost of production is much higher, which significantly reduces profits. You can reduce costs if you increase the sales market and make the heating system more economical.

Features of growing greens

One of the most difficult stages in the organization of year-round cultivation of greenery for income is the construction of a greenhouse. For a stable income, it is necessary to properly equip it, and it is better to get acquainted with this process visually - from a photo or video.

Polyethylene won't last long

Choice of greenhouse and equipment

A greenhouse for year-round use should be as strong as possible: the frame is best made of galvanized metal. It practically does not corrode and has a long service life. The most popular materials for walls and ceilings are plastic film, polycarbonate and glass.

A plastic film greenhouse is easy to equip, but its service life will be short-lived. The film cracks from frost, breaks, becomes brittle over time. This design requires repair every year, and the maximum period of its operation is 4 years. The only advantage of polyethylene film is its low price. You need to cover it in two layers so that an air cushion forms between them to retain heat.

Economical and durable polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is the most popular material for building greenhouses. It is durable, effectively retains heat, transmits light well, makes it diffuse. Another advantage is that the shape of the frame can be any, both straight and in the form of an arch.

Glass is the most durable and most expensive material. Its main advantage is an almost unlimited service life. Glass transmits sunlight well, but retains heat worse. For greenhouses, glass with a thickness of 5 mm or more is suitable: showcase, tempered or multilayer.

Also, for year-round cultivation of greenery for sale, you will need to equip the greenhouse with the necessary equipment:

lighting and heating systems;
irrigation equipment;
racks;
thermometers.

Glass is not a cheap material

Lighting and heating in winter

Greenery in winter needs additional lighting and heating. For greenhouses, LED or fluorescent lighting is best suited. Conventional incandescent lamps are, in principle, suitable for growing greens, but their use is not economical, and their light spectrum does not have the desired effect on the photosynthesis process.

Additional bow lighting

The easiest way to heat in winter is a wide metal pipe and a barrel. The barrel is placed on the ground near the entrance, a pipe is inserted into the bottom of the barrel. It stretches through the entire greenhouse, rises up and is brought out. You need to heat such a stove with wood. This option is suitable for one or two greenhouses due to the high consumption of firewood.

Soil bioheating can be used as additional heating. Manure 40-50 cm thick is laid on the bottom of the beds and watered with hot water. After a few days, the manure begins to decompose and release heat. From above you need to fill the soil and you can plant greens.

The following types of heating can also be used for heating:

electric or infrared heating;
wood burning stove;
gas heating;
water heating.

A simple and inexpensive way to heat

These types of heating are more suitable for industrial greenhouses: they are quite expensive to install and operate.

How to prepare a greenhouse for growing greens

In addition to additional lighting and heating, it is necessary to equip a place for growing the greenery itself.

You can use the main area of the greenhouse for planting, but this method has many disadvantages:

the landing area is limited by the size of the building and is used uneconomically;
inconvenience in care: for watering, weeding, harvesting, you will need to constantly bend over;
plants need more water and heat.

Useful area can be increased by shelving. This growing method has many advantages:

Increased yield: Multiple tiers of shelving will allow you to grow more greens.
The soil in the rack warms up faster, due to which the growth period of plants is reduced.
Saving water: the bottom of the rack can be lined with a film to retain moisture.

From such an area you can harvest a large crop.

Shelves can be made independently from wood. But the service life of such racks is short-lived - the tree will eventually soak from moisture, deform. It is better to purchase ready-made racks made of plastic or metal that will last more than one year.

Plant care rules

To learn how to grow greens in a greenhouse all year round, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for care. Although herbs are not whimsical, their cultivation in greenhouse conditions, especially in winter, requires special care.

Green onions will grow well under a number of conditions:

regular abundant watering;
lack of draft;
do not allow stagnant moisture;
maintaining a comfortable temperature: 19◦c during the day and 12◦c at night;
top dressing with ammonium nitrate once a season.

Parsley is easier to grow in greenhouse conditions than any other herb. It is absolutely unpretentious and always gives good seed germination. To speed up the harvest time, you can use the advice of experienced gardeners. Parsley seeds should be germinated in a gauze bag. Sprouted seeds should be placed in the refrigerator for 10 days, and then planted in a greenhouse.

Dill is also unpretentious, but when growing it, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

dill should be sprayed several times a day;
maintain the temperature in the greenhouse at least 15 degrees;
loosen the soil after watering;
Be sure to light up at night.

Parsley is a perishable product

Leaf lettuce needs at least 16 hours of light. The most comfortable temperature for salad is 18 degrees, at night - 10 degrees. Also, when growing lettuce, it is necessary to monitor the soil moisture: when water stagnates, the root system begins to rot.

Harvesting and transportation

Greens quickly lose their presentation, so you need to sell it immediately after harvest. It must be collected correctly in order to increase the shelf life.

5-6 hours before harvesting, the beds should be watered abundantly. Then carefully dig each plant with a special spatula. Onions must be pulled out of the ground along with the head, leaf lettuce - along with the root. After harvesting, the crop is washed, packed and transported.

Harvest should be transported in waterproof containers. The bundles should stand upright and be tightly pressed against each other. Water and special substances are added to the bottom of the container, which will help keep freshness longer. Most often, ordinary aspirin is used for these purposes.

Supermarket packaging

Video: how to make money selling greens

Growing greenery all year round, with a reasonable approach, brings considerable profit. This business has many advantages:

Anyone can start it - no special knowledge is required here. It will be enough to study the information on the Internet well and you can begin to implement the idea.
Income is stable and does not depend on the season.
No risks: with the right arrangement of the greenhouse, the harvest will always be.
Consistently high demand for products all year round.
Minimum initial investment when organizing a small business (one - two greenhouses).
The prospect of development due to the increase in production volumes and profits.

Video: How to make money selling greens

With small volumes of grown greens, incomes will be low. But if these funds are invested in business development and gradually expanded, then over time the profit will increase several times.