Rice. 1 General drawing of stairs

• Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
• X - the length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
• E - the width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
• Z - the thickness of the steps - the geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build a staircase
• F - protrusion of steps - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
• C - total steps - how many steps will you take most comfortably to move from floor to floor
• P - lower steps - the number of steps to the upper flight (in total with the platform), depends on your preferences and the geometric characteristics of the house

Fig.2 Designation of steps

"Show risers: H" function

Fig.3 Execution of stairs with risers

You can build your stairs with or without risers. This function allows you to see how the design will look like with both options.

"Upper step below floor 2nd floor: SP" function

Rice. 4 Execution of the stairs from the upper steps below the floor of the 2nd floor

Depending on the mutual placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

1. The top plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the top floor;
2. The upper plane of the upper step is lower than the floor plane of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of this or that mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of the blanks for the stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note that in the figure, in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness of the interfloor overlap is greater than in the figure, in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the floor is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply does not rest against the floor (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

"Black and white drawing:" function

Rice. 5 Black and white drawing of stairs

It is useful to use this function in two cases:

1. If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, better perceive graphics without color content.
2. If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint / toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer.

"Change lift direction: LR" function

Rice. 6 View of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

1. Rise from left to right;
2. Climb right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of a 90° turntable

The main result of this calculator:

1. Information needed to make bowstrings
2. Information required for the manufacture of steps and platform

According to this information, the parts from which the structure is assembled are made.

All other drawings show the final view of the structure: after joining the bowstrings, steps and platforms with each other.

A feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

1. Evaluation of the convenience of the stairs;
2. Adjustment of the design of the stairs.

The assessment of the convenience of the stairs is carried out according to three criteria:

1) Compliance with the design of the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of step depth and two step heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.

2) Step depth. Comfortable step depth - from 28 cm. With a given opening length, you can adjust the step depth by changing the protrusion.

3) The angle of the stairs. The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At angles of inclination from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of moving between floors is significantly reduced. Inclination angles outside the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the level of safety of the stairs.

Based on the results of evaluating a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is issued for each of the criteria, and the stairs are assigned an overall level of convenience. The calculator evaluates whether the stairs meet the well-known criteria of convenience, but you should always remember that your stairs in your home should serve your purposes as efficiently as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world - go for it: think over the drawings, carefully calculate the 90-degree turning staircase, and also do not be afraid to take justified risks.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

1. Decrease/increase the number of steps;
2. Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
3. Decrease / increase the length of the opening.

After the design is corrected, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such an adjustment will have to be carried out several more times.

Instructions for the calculator stairs with a turn of 90 °

In order to calculate a staircase with a 90 degree turn online using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the stairs, the materials from which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use . Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase adjoins the wall, or is in contact with the interior elements of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction.

Perhaps, in order to choose the right option in terms of size and design, you will have to calculate and compare several stairs using the online calculator for stairs with a turn of 90 degrees. Before starting to process the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is right for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

The stairs presented on our website can be divided into categories according to three criteria that depend on each other and the most accurate calculation of a staircase with a turn of steps by 90 °:

1. Length dimension

A. Maximum length - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings / stringers;

b. Average length - the steps are placed on two pairs of bowstrings;

V. Minimum length - the steps are placed on three pairs of bowstrings, the length dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pairs of bowstrings;

2. Width dimension

A. Maximum width - the steps are placed on two or three pairs of bowstrings, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of bowstrings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel pairs of bowstrings, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

V. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings / stringers, the width dimension is equal to the width of the stairs;

3. The complexity of manufacturing

A. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings / stringers and rectangular steps;

b. The average complexity of manufacturing - is made from bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

V. Difficult to manufacture - it is made of bowstrings / stringers, rectangular steps, platforms and rotary steps.

Stairs presented on our website:

• - 1.a.-2.c.-3.a.
• Staircase with a 90 ° turn - 1.b.-2.a.-3.b.
• - 1.b.-2.b.-3.b.
• - 1.b.-2.b.-3.c.
• - 1.c.-2.a.-3.b.
• - 1.v.-2.a.-3.v.
• - out of classification
• - 1.a.-2.c.-3.a.

In each specific situation, the height of the floor is already set. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the stairs are flatter, or steeper, which marches are built, what material it is made of - metal, wood, concrete, etc.. Having this information, you can say about the number of lifts (steps and platforms) in a particular situation.

Imagine that we have, for example, 12 lifts - steps and platforms. The design of the stairs is the shape of these risers (steps, turning steps, landings) and how these 12 risers are placed relative to each other.

You can place all these 12 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “”, ““. In this case, your stairs will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture.

You can place these 12 risers in 2 rows, rotated relative to each other by 90 ° (when viewed from above). With a platform on the turn - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - “°” - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have an average length dimension and an adjustable width dimension.

You can place these 12 lifts in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed side by side. With a platform on the turn - “°” - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your stairs will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts on 3 rows perpendicular to each other (when viewed from above).

With platforms on the turns - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform, 3 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, a platform and 5 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps, 2 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps, 2 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your ladder will have a minimum clearance in length and an adjustable clearance in width.

Or you can choose " ", which is not like any of the above and will give the interior of your home a truly sophisticated look.

This design is relevant in a situation where you want a staircase in two spans, and the amount of space in the place where it needs to be placed is limited.

A high-quality and solid staircase is not just a necessary functional element of engineering planning in two-level or more dwellings, but also a magnificent decoration of the interior of the whole house.

In order to acquire such a design, you can either purchase it in a ready-made form, or make it yourself. If you prefer the second way, then it is better to make a system for the second floor of wood with a 90 degree turn. It is this type of staircase that is considered the most comfortable for movement and takes up relatively little space in the house. How to make such a wooden system yourself will be discussed in this article.

Staircase with 90 degree turn - why this particular system

When choosing the most optimal version of the ladder system, it is best to stop at the mid-flight ladder with a 90-degree turn. Its main advantages are:

• saving room space - unlike a direct system, a rotary system requires less square meters of room space;
• ease of installation - of course, compared to a straight design, a 90 degree swivel has a more complex calculation and installation process, but at the same time it is easier to manufacture, unlike screw and 180 º swivel systems;
• comfort of movement - if all standard safety requirements were taken into account during the installation of the stairs, then this system is considered quite convenient and comfortable to use.

A lot of good and high-quality materials are offered for the production of the structure, but still the best of them for a private country house is natural wood. It is she who creates a unique coziness and a feeling of comfort throughout the home.

Accurate calculation is the first step to success

The main point at the very beginning of the manufacture of a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn to the second floor is the exact calculation of the structure. And, if you follow a clear product design plan, you can make a high-quality and comfortable staircase in the house and with your own hands.

It is the exact calculation that simplifies the installation of the system, and also guarantees its comfort and long service life.

Key construction details

The main details to be calculated are:

• load-bearing beams - stringers or bowstring;
• steps - in rotary systems, these are straight steps and rotary (winder), with the help of which the rotation of the structure is formed;
• fencing - includes balusters and handrails.

Calculation tools

The calculation of turning stairs is carried out using:

• geometric formulas;
• graphic methods;
• online calculator.

When calculating a wooden staircase with a 90-degree turn, the following recommended parameters should be used:

• height of steps - no more than 20 cm;
• tread width - about 40 cm;
• assembly tilt angle - from 25 to 35 degrees;
• turning steps - the width on the narrowest side is not less than 100 mm, the overhang of the turning step over the previous one is not more than 50 mm;
• the height of the fence is at least 90 cm.

When calculating the design, follow the proportions and parameters that are comfortable for the movement of an adult

How much material is needed

To build a staircase to the second floor with our own hands made of wood with a 90-degree turn, we need:

• load-bearing timber 100 x 100 mm;
• edged board 40-50 mm wide;
• finished handrails and balusters;
• wood glue for sealing all joint gaps.

In order for the construction to come out of high quality and reliable, choose dried and well-treated wood.

For the manufacture of a stair swivel structure, use only natural and high-quality processed wood

Prepare the tool

To mount the rotary system, you will need the following inventory:

• wood saw;
• hammer;
• electric drill;
• drill;
• file;
• electric screwdriver;
• jigsaw;
• level.

Assembly of the structure

Do-it-yourself erection of a rotary structure should take place strictly according to this plan:

• Manufacturing and installation of stringers.
• Step manufacturing.
• Manufacture of bowstrings for the lower flight of stairs.
• Step installation.
• Fencing installation.
• Sanding and varnishing stairs.

Production and installation of stringers

It is customary to make a kosour from a wooden beam, the length of which corresponds to one flight of stairs, and the thickness is about 5 cm.

Before you start sawing the stringer deck, you need to make a template. As a template, you can use a triangular piece of plywood sheet. According to this sample, markup is applied to the deck and a sawtooth part is cut out.

Before you start sawing the kosour, make precise markings on it

Then the stringers are fixed at the location of the stairs. Experts advise starting the installation by attaching the kosura from the top so that you can fix minor flaws at the bottom. At the bottom of the floor, the part is fixed with anchor bolts or concreted into the floor.

Step manufacturing

The steps and risers for the structure are also cut according to the pattern. All steps, except for the turning ones, must be the same. Running products are cut according to a prepared sample made according to a drawing.

All parts are coated with a protective agent and varnished.

Make the steps of the desired size from the edged board

Manufacture and fastening of the bowstring

The upper part of the outer string support hides the end of the turning step, and its bottom is attached to the floor.

Installation of steps

The steps are installed by fixing them with screws and carpentry glue. When installing the rotary treads, it is necessary to monitor the reliability of the connection. The fastening of the risers starts from the bottom of the structure and then goes up.

Fence Installation

Balusters are fastened to the steps with wooden rods. Before inserting it, special glue is dripped into the hole.

In the places where the flights of stairs turn, at the beginning and at the end of the flight, you need to install massive balusters (pedestals), which will also act as a handrail retainer. Next, handrails are attached to the installed balusters.

Finishing work

At this final stage, the already finished wooden structure to the second floor with a 90-degree turn is sanded and varnished.

Be sure to treat the finished structure with a varnish coating, which will provide not only a beautiful appearance to the stairs, but also a long service life

Video: do-it-yourself ladder installation

The manufacture and installation of a staircase with a 90-degree turn is a rather painstaking and time-consuming task. It requires the master not only to have carpentry skills and knowledge, but also to invest significant physical costs and a lot of free time.

A beautiful and stylish staircase system of the "Solo" model with a 90-degree turn will make your interior individual and unique, the price of the structure is 74,452 rubles.
A modern turning staircase "Moder" with wooden steps costs 120,030 rubles.

But if you do not have much experience with wood and carpentry tools, you can visit our Stairs Master online store at any time and choose any staircase you like from a huge catalog of beautiful and high-quality products. As for our prices, they will pleasantly surprise you with their democratic nature and affordability.

The elegant classic system "Elegant" with a 90-degree turn will cost you 50,390 rubles.
The finished swivel system "Prestige" with steps made of natural wood has a price of 44,290 rubles.

For the manufacture of stairs, many modern materials are offered. Nevertheless, wooden stairs in the interior of the house are the standard of impeccable style. It is wooden structures that form the feeling of home comfort. The key points in the arrangement of the stairs are accurate calculation, high-quality manufacturing and correct installation. A staircase to the second floor with your own hands made of wood with a 90-degree turn can be installed by strictly following the recommendations for design and calculation of the structure. It will save usable space and ensure free and comfortable movement on it.

Types of stairs to the second floor. Photo design of different models

Before equipping your house with a ladder structure, it is necessary to determine exactly what type of ladder will be and from what material. The choice of the type of ladder system depends on its location in the room, the layout of the house and the individual preferences of the owner. The materials for their manufacture, given the rapid growth of technology, can be a variety of samples: plexiglass and ceramics, natural stone and marble, metal and wood.

The main types of stairs are classified according to the type of bearing element:

• mid-flight stairs - on stringers or bowstrings;
• spiral staircases - with support in the form of a carrier rack;
• ladders on bolts - beskosourny systems. The steps of such a ladder are attached to the wall, and are connected to each other with the help of bolts;
• combined - when one system includes several types of structures.

The main difference of the stringer design is that the steps are fixed on top of the supporting element. While in bowstring systems recesses are provided, where steps are inserted. Marching systems, in turn, may consist of several marches interconnected by a platform or winder steps.

The choice of one or another marching system depends on the location of the stairs in the room and the availability of the necessary space for its installation. In the case when space is limited, rotary systems of mid-flight stairs are used. To connect different levels in private cottages, stairs made of wood are most often used. Such designs are quite light, fit well into various interiors and can be made independently.

Numerous photos of wooden stairs to the second floor with their own hands confirm the popularity of using this material for stair structures.

Stairs on the rails do not have a frame in their design. Each step of such a ladder, with the help of special fasteners, rests on the wall on one side, and on the other, it is connected in series with bolts. The designs of stairs on the bolts have an openwork light appearance and are highly durable. You can install such stairs along the wall, which will be the supporting element, or in any other place in the room - then the metal profile will act as the supporting structure.

The variety of modern staircase systems in the interior is evidenced by the photos of the stairs in the house to the second floor with their own hands.

Types of rotary mid-flight stairs

Marching ladder systems can be straight and rotary. Direct marches in private houses are used when the dimensions of the rooms are spacious enough to install a long straight span. Most often, wooden rotary systems are used to connect the first and second floors. So, there are stairs made of wood to the second floor with a turn of 90 and 180 degrees. They are called L-shaped and U-shaped, respectively.

Marches of L-shaped stairs can be interconnected by platforms, two winder (turning) steps, three turning steps. The greater the number of rotary steps, the less convenient it will be to move along them. Stair structures installed in a corner and having a railing include in their design an angular (support) pillar on which winder steps, balusters and a bowstring are attached. The corner post is installed on the base or can be suspended.

U-shaped stair systems are structurally solved through a turntable or winder steps. When arranging a U-shaped staircase, an important point is that the staircase railing in the upper projection should not intersect, so it is important to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor. Both in U-shaped and L-shaped turning stairs, the use of winder steps allows you to save room space as much as possible.

The space left under the turning stairs is often used to advantage for storage or cabinets. Some photos of stairs to the second floor in a private house clearly demonstrate this with their own hands.

Do-it-yourself staircase to the second floor made of wood with a 90-degree turn: we design it ourselves

Many manufacturers today offer ready-made sets of elements for stair systems. To order such stairs to the second floor, you will need to make accurate measurements of the height of the span, determine the expected width and length of the stairs and transfer the data to the selling company. However, this method will deprive you of the pleasure of making the staircase structure yourself, endowing it with individuality and originality.

Materials and tools for making a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands

The use of wood in construction, including for the manufacture of staircases, is due to high strength characteristics, environmental friendliness, ease of processing and a relatively affordable price.

A staircase to the second floor with your own hands made of wood with a 90-degree turn can be made of the following hardwoods:

• beech - used for rooms where high humidity is not observed;
• maple - its wood is very stable, has sufficient bending strength. However, it should be borne in mind that maple is prone to cracking;
• oak is an excellent building material. It has strength, hardness, rather heavy material;
• larch is a rot-resistant, hard and durable wood. In terms of hardness, this breed is second only to oak.

Sometimes pine is used for stairs, but you should check the wood for knots. Under the influence of the temperature regime, deformation of the staircase structure is possible, as a result of which the knots can fall out and entail a weakening of the structure.

When starting to manufacture a ladder structure, the wood must first be thoroughly dried and treated with special compounds to make it resistant to moisture, mold and fungus.

To make a wooden staircase to the second floor you will need:

• load-bearing timber 100x100 mm (the cross section can be large, depending on the height of the flight of stairs);
• edged board 40-50 mm thick;
• handrails, railings, balusters;
• wood glue for sealing all connecting lines and gaps.

A staircase to the second floor with your own hands made of wood with a 90-degree turn can be made and mounted using the following tools:

• a hacksaw for wood, a set of drills, a chisel, a file;
• screwdriver, puncher, drill, jigsaw;

• ax, hammer;
• square, ruler, level;
• gas wrench, side cutters (side cutters);
• hardware: self-tapping screws, screws, anchors, corners.

Features of calculations of a 90-degree swivel ladder structure

For the correct calculation and design of a mid-flight turning staircase, you should familiarize yourself with some of the features of such structures.

The main elements in them are:

• load-bearing beams - these can be string or string beams;
• steps - in rotary stairs, these are straight steps and rotary (winder), with the help of which the rotation of the structure is realized;
• stair railings - include balusters, railings and handrails.

The calculation of turning stairs is carried out using:

• geometric formulas;
• graphic methods - here you will need to determine the middle line of the span (march). In a curved structure, this line runs parallel to the inner edge of the structure at a distance corresponding to the middle of the step width. The radius of curvature of the turning step depends on the radius of the circle between the two spans.
• you can use an online calculator to calculate, where the basic data is entered: the length and width of the opening, the height of the steps, the thickness of the stringer and the protrusion of the steps.

Do-it-yourself calculation of a wooden staircase to the second floor: drawings, diagrams, tables

When calculating a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands with a 90-degree turn, you should decide how the turn will be provided: through an inter-march platform or turning (winder) steps. Considering that stairs with a platform are installed in fairly spacious houses, we will give as an example a turning staircase with winder steps.

The dimensions of the stairs are selected individually, but it is worth adhering to certain recommended parameters:

When designing and calculating the stairs yourself, you must consider the following points:

Height and width of stairs. They must be such that any person, including a child or an elderly person, can move up the stairs to the second floor. Considering that the average step of a person is 60 cm, you can calculate the height and width of the stairs using the formula:

2b + c = 60(cm), where

b, c - steps dimensions (height and width).

Based on the formula, we obtain the width of the tread, equal to the average length of the human foot. Then, when walking, the entire foot rests on the surface of the step. If the width of the steps is greatly increased, then when walking up the stairs, the step will go astray and it will become inconvenient to move along it. If the steps are strongly narrowed, it will be difficult and unsafe to go down such a ladder.

The angle of inclination of the structure. Many, in order to save space occupied by stairs, make it steeper. This is not always justified, so the descent and ascent of such a ladder will be difficult.

The most convenient staircase model is considered to be a design with a slope of 25 to 35 degrees.

Rotary steps. When determining the dimensions of winder steps, it should be taken into account that their width on the narrow side should not be less than 100 mm and the overhang of the turning step over the previous one should not be more than 50 mm.

You can order a graphical calculation method from professionals, given the complexity in designing and calculating stairs to the second floor in a private house (photos, prices are presented in the price lists of design companies).

Self-manufacturing and installation of a supporting stringer beam

A kosour is made from a wooden beam with a length equal to the size of a flight of stairs (march). The thickness of such a support should not be less than 50 mm. Before you start sawing the stringer beam, you need to make a template. A piece of triangular-shaped plywood with dimensions corresponding to the height and width of the steps can act as a template. According to this sample, markup is applied to the beam and a toothed structure is cut out.

Our design involves two supporting elements. Subsequently, the steps of the stairs will be attached to the teeth of the stringer beams.

Next, proceed to fixing the stringer beams. It is recommended to start by attaching the upper parts of the kosour so that possible errors can be easily eliminated at the bottom. Usually one of the stringers is attached to the ceiling beam and the support beam with a section of 100 mm. The beam itself is fastened with anchor bolts or concreted into the floor if the repair work on the arrangement of the floor has not yet been completed.

Then they arrange supports for the kosour, which will be located directly near the wall. To do this, use supports from a bar of 50x50 mm. With it, they make the base for the turning steps. To do this, cut the end of the support beam under the inserts of the rotary steps. Work is level controlled.

For a more detailed acquaintance with the methodology for performing work, we offer the video “Do-it-yourself wooden stairs to the second floor”:

Stair manufacturing and stair assembly

The steps for the stairs are cut according to the template. All steps, except for rotary ones, must be of the same size. Winder steps are also cut according to the prepared sample according to the drawing. All prepared steps are covered with protective agents and varnished in several steps.

The next stage of work will be the manufacture of a bowstring for the lower flight of stairs. It is made from a board, but without jagged cuts. The steps in the bowstring support will fit into the grooves cut in advance from the inside of the bowstring.

The bowstring, which is attached to the wall, is made in the same way. The upper part of the outer bowstring support should completely hide the end of the turning stage, while its lower part is sawn off perpendicular to the floor.

The installation of steps is carried out by fixing them on self-tapping screws from the outside, and the inside is treated with wood glue. Grooves are cut out in the steps so that they clearly enter when laying on the kosour.

When fastening the rotary steps, it is necessary to control that the connection with the support is sufficiently rigid. If the connection is weak, you can try to fix the stage or cut another one.

Mounting risers start from the bottom edge of the stairs. The risers are cut 5 mm less than the height of the steps. This is done so that in case of swelling, the risers do not deform the entire structure. Sometimes the gap between the steps is not covered with risers to give the staircase a lighter look.

How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands? The video at the end of the article will help you understand the installation steps in detail.

Do-it-yourself installation of balusters and railings for stairs made of wood, photo of carved products

Independent production of balusters is painstaking and delicate work. If you are sure that all elements will be the same and aesthetically pleasing, you can do it yourself. If in doubt, it is better to purchase finished products. Their choice is quite large: from simple to exquisite decorative elements. You can come up with your own drawing and order balusters and railings from the manufacturer - experienced craftsmen will make elements of any complexity. The available photos of the handrail for wooden stairs confirm the huge selection of such elements.

Balusters are attached to the steps by means of dowels (wooden rods). To do this, in each step, the corresponding holes are drilled along the edge. The hole should have a smaller diameter than the dowel, which will ensure the rigidity of the fastening. Before inserting the rod, wood glue is poured into the hole.

In places of turns of flights of stairs, as well as at the beginning and at the end of the march, more durable balusters, called pedestals, are installed. They will subsequently act as a place for fixing the handrails.

In the balusters, the same holes are made for a wooden spike and they are also treated with glue. Then the dowel is inserted into the baluster and fixed on the steps.

How to make handrails for wooden stairs with your own hands? Photo, video tutorials will help to learn how to fasten the elements of the ladder structure.

In order to mount the railing neatly and evenly, a colored fishing line is stretched between the topmost baluster and the support beam. She will leave marks on all the balusters. If it turns out that there are extra centimeters of balusters, they are cut parallel to the stringer beam.

To fix the handrail, we select a groove in it along the entire length, into which the rail will subsequently go. We grind the rail with a width equal to the width of the groove in the handrail. We nail the rail to the balusters, thus fixing them. The handrail is put on the rail and fixed on the supporting balusters (pedestals) above and below the span with the help of studs.

The manufacture and installation of wooden stairs is quite a difficult task. If you do not have a certain experience with wood and carpentry tools, it is worth ordering ready-made sets of prefabricated stairs. They are manufactured in compliance with all technical standards for individual and standard sizes.

Wood is a typical material for making stairs and such products have always been appreciated. Natural wood structures are environmentally friendly, durable and can be the main decor of a country cottage. The only condition is high-quality processing and careful care of the wooden elements of the stairs. If these conditions are met, the staircase will serve you for many years, retaining its original appearance.

A wooden staircase is an excellent decoration for a country house. For the rational use of space, an L-shaped staircase with winder steps or an intermediate platform is often installed. The turning staircase has a rather complex design, and its manufacture requires accurate calculations of the main parameters and competent installation.

Choosing the best type of stairs for your home

The choice of the type of staircase should be approached carefully, taking into account the layout and dimensions of the house, the age of the residents and the design of the room. It is necessary to determine in advance the material of manufacture, the dimensions of the structure and how the space under the stairs will be used.

Each type of staircase structure has its own characteristics in terms of installation and use. The following designs are among the most popular stairs for the home.

The stairway is easy to manufacture and install, but it occupies a large area in the room. This design can be placed along the wall or installed in the middle of the room. The direct design is not suitable for small houses, where every square meter counts. Its successful alternative is the turning staircase to the second floor. It is not difficult to create such a lift with your own hands, the main thing is to perform the correct calculations.

Swivel stairs have a number of advantages:

• compactness - take up little space, while maintaining the optimal design parameters;
• ease of use - safe for walking children and the elderly;
• aesthetics - turning stairs look beautiful in interiors of different styles.

Important! A 90° swivel staircase is usually placed in a corner. You can take a turn in any area. The direction of movement for a walking person is almost imperceptible and does not reduce the convenience of movement.

Turning stairs are of two types: with a platform or winder steps. When choosing, it must be taken into account that the smaller the number of rotary steps, the more convenient it is to move along them.

Spiral staircases are indispensable when arranging a limited space. Cons of the design: low throughput and difficulty in lifting large items.

An interesting option is a combined staircase with elements of a marching and spiral structure. Looks very nice and elegant.

Basic requirements for stairs

Corner stairs are designed taking into account the general requirements:

In addition to existing standards, when planning and calculating stairs, it is advisable to take into account the advice of professionals:

1. It is better not to place a ladder in the living room - this will create certain inconveniences. The best option is an impassable place that is least involved.
2. It is necessary to provide free access to the ladder structure.
3. With independent construction, it is better to give preference to a simple structure with a platform, rather than winder steps.
4. Immediately it is necessary to provide for the possibility of skidding large equipment and furniture up the stairs.
5. A practical solution for the corridor is a closed staircase, the space under which can be used for storage. In a small room it is better to place an open staircase - visually the space will appear larger.
6. In advance, you need to find out the material of the ceiling (ceiling), where the opening will be made for access to the attic or attic. Working with a monolithic slab creates significant difficulties.
7. Do-it-yourself metal stairs to the second floor in a wooden house can only be erected when the house has shrunk. As a rule, this is 1-1.5 years after construction. Otherwise, the structure will be deformed.

Revolving staircase design

All structural elements of the stairs can be divided into three groups:

• bearing components;
• steps and platforms;
• fencing elements.

The main components include:

• stringers - supports on which steps are mounted;
• bowstring - a side element for supporting steps from the ends and from below; the beam is installed at an angle;
• bolts - metal bolts for fixing steps to the walls of the house.

The supporting structure is the basis of the stairs, which takes on the weight of the remaining elements and the load from the movement of people along it.

Steps consist of a tread and a riser. 90° turn stairs use winders or intermediate landings.

Enclosing elements ensure the safety of movement. The fencing system includes:

• balusters - vertical posts on which the railing rests;
• railings - used to protect marches and intermediate platforms;
• handrail - mounted on balusters or attached to the wall.

Important! According to building codes, the height of the railing should be in the range of 86-110 cm.

Do-it-yourself calculation of the stairs to the second floor

You can do the calculation and create a diagram of the stairs to the second floor with your own hands in different ways:

1. Mathematical formulas. A complex method, the implementation of which requires knowledge of the strength of materials.
2. Online calculator. To calculate, it is enough to enter the main parameters of the stairs into the program: the height of the steps, the width / length of the opening, the size of the protrusion of the steps and the thickness of the stringer.
3. Graphic way. The simplest option, which is suitable for self-calculation.

To create a drawing, you need to prepare a sheet of graph paper, a simple pencil and a ruler. A detailed plan of the staircase structure in projection will be displayed on the paper. With the help of the scheme, it will be possible to accurately establish the desired dimensions.

To make the calculation of the stairs with the hands of the cottage on the second floor, you need to decide on the main parameters:

1. The middle line of the march. This line runs on straight sections of the march through the center. On curved segments, the line is drawn at a distance equal to ½ of the step width parallel to the inner edge of the staircase.
2. The radius of curvature of the winder line. This value directly depends on the diameter of the circle between the two perpendicular flights of stairs.
3. The angle of rotation is projected between the outer edges of the steps.
4. The width of the steps is determined by the center line.

To build a drawing, you need the basic parameters of the stairs:

• L - the length of the projection of the flight of stairs in the horizontal plane at a distance from the top of the angle of rotation to the last step;
• S - march width;
• R - radius of curvature;
• B - tread width.

Procedure:

1. Draw a circle with radius L/2.
2. Divide the circle in half - draw a line at an angle of 45 °. Draw two lines to the circle - this will be the center of the flight of stairs.
3. Inscribe segments in the middle line, the length of which is equal to the width of the steps.
4. On the middle line, draw straight flights of stairs.
5. Draw two perpendicular lines AC and AB along the boundaries of the steps.
6. From point A, draw two lines to the edges of the central winder. The size of the resulting segment "e" must be at least 100 mm, and the segment "d" - no more than 400 mm.

We make a staircase to the second floor with our own hands: detailed instructions

Preparation of the necessary materials and tools

Wood does not lose popularity in the manufacture of stairs today, despite the emergence of a large number of modern building materials. For the manufacture of staircases, it is recommended to use hardwoods:

• maple - differs in bending strength and stability, but is prone to cracking;
• beech - recommended for rooms where there is no high humidity;
• oak is a rather heavy material with hardness and strength;
• larch - resistant to decay.

Advice. You can make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands from inexpensive wood, such as pine. The main thing is to choose high-quality material without knots. Over time, due to temperature fluctuations, a slight deformation of the staircase structure may occur. As a result, knots may fall out, which will entail a weakening of the structure.

So, from the materials you will need:

• edged board - thickness 40-50 mm;
• load-bearing beam with a section of 100 * 100 mm;
• railings, handrails, balusters;
• joiner's glue for sealing gaps and docking lines.

To build a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you need to prepare the following tools:

• a wood saw, a chisel, a file and a set of drills;
• perforator, jigsaw, drill and screwdriver;
• hammer and ax;
• building level, ruler, square;
• side cutters and gas key;
• corners, anchors, self-tapping screws and screws.

Important! Working with power tools requires strict adherence to safety regulations. It is necessary to use protective equipment, do not hold a working tool by the cord and monitor the position of the wire.

Making and installing a simple staircase to the second floor with your own hands

Stage 1. Manufacturing of stringers. The work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Make a template in the shape of a right triangle. The legs of the figure are equal to the depth and height of the step. For ease of use, it is better to fix the workpiece on the guide rail.
2. Using a template, mark up a wooden beam and cut it out with a jigsaw or a hacksaw for wood. We must not forget that the smallest part of the stringer in width must be at least 15 cm.

Stage 2. Installation of stringers. Work order:

1. Hollow out a groove in the support column for installing the stringer.
2. Install the support, and mount the base for the winders in the corner.
3. From the upper side, attach the stringers with metal corners to the ceiling beam, and from the bottom - to the support beams. When installing the stringers, it is necessary to control that the grooves under the steps are clearly opposite each other. Otherwise, the steps will turn out to be skewed. When leveling, it is necessary to focus not on the floor surface, but on the level.

Stage 3. Cutting winder steps. Three steps can be used for the 90° swivel design. These elements can be made from a board measuring 90 * 90 cm, thickness - 4 cm.

1. Divide the wooden canvas with lines into three sectors. All lines should come from the same corner.
2. Cut the steps along the lines and correct their length.
3. Lacquer the steps.

Stage 4. Assembly of the staircase. Action algorithm:

Stage 5. The railing is installed in the following sequence:

1. Balusters are sometimes fastened with self-tapping screws. But a more reliable way is to use dowels (wooden rods).
2. Drill holes in the steps - the size of the diameter should be slightly smaller than the cross section of the dowel. Make the same hole in the center of the balusters. In rectangular balusters, the center is defined as the intersection of its diagonals. The hole must be strictly vertical.
3. Fill the holes with PVA glue, install the dowel and fix the balusters.
4. Stretch the rope between the first and last post. On the balusters, mark the angle of inclination of the railing and, according to the markings, cut off the tops of the racks.
5. Fasten the handrail with self-tapping screws. Putty the attachment points.

Advice. For safe walking on the stairs, it is recommended to install balusters on each step. This is especially true if there are children in the house.