Rice. 1 General drawing of the stairs

• Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
• X - length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
• E - width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your home for the stairs
• Z - thickness of steps - geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build the stairs
• F - step protrusion - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
• C - total steps - in how many steps will it be most comfortable for you to move from floor to floor
• P - lower steps - the number of steps to the upper flight (together with the platform), depends on your preferences and the geometric characteristics of the house

Fig.2 Designation of steps

"Show risers: H" function

Fig.3 Execution of stairs with risers

You can build your staircase with or without risers. This function allows you to see what the design will look like with both options.

Function “Upper step below the floor of the 2nd floor: SP”

Rice. 4 Execution of stairs from the top steps below the floor of the 2nd floor

Depending on the relative placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

1. The upper plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the upper floor;
2. The upper plane of the top step is lower than the plane of the floor of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of one or another mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of blanks for stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note that in the figure in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness of the interfloor ceiling is greater than in the figure in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the ceiling is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply will not rest against the ceiling (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

Function "Black and white drawing:"

Rice. 5 Black and white drawing of a staircase

It is advisable to use this function in two cases:

1. If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, you better perceive graphics without color content.
2. If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint/toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer.

Function "Change lifting direction: LR"

Rice. 6 Type of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

1. Rise from left to right;
2. Ascent from right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of a 90° rotary staircase

The main result of this calculator:

1. Information needed to make bowstrings
2. Information required for making steps and landing

According to this information, the parts from which the structure is assembled are manufactured.

All other drawings show the final appearance of the structure: after joining the strings, steps and platform to each other.

A special feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

1. Assessing the convenience of the stairs;
2. Adjustment of staircase design.

Assessing the convenience of a staircase is carried out according to three criteria:

1) Correspondence of the design to the average step length. According to this criterion, the sum of the step depth and the two heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.

2) Step depth. Comfortable step depth is from 28 cm. For a given opening length, the step depth can be adjusted by changing the protrusion.

3) The angle of inclination of the stairs. The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At tilt angles from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of movement between floors is significantly reduced. Angles of inclination beyond the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the safety level of the stairs.

Based on the results of assessing a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is given for each of the criteria, and the staircase is assigned an overall level of convenience. The calculator evaluates whether the staircase meets the generally known criteria of convenience, but you must always remember that your staircase in your home should serve your purposes as efficiently as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world, go for it: think through the drawings, carefully calculate the 90-degree turning staircase, and don’t be afraid to take reasonable risks.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

1. Reduce/increase the number of steps;
2. Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
3. Reduce/increase the length of the opening.

After adjusting the design, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such adjustments will have to be made several more times.

Instructions for the staircase calculator with a 90° turn

In order to calculate a staircase with a 90-degree turn online using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the staircase, the materials with which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use . Before you start work, you need to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase is adjacent to the wall, or in contact with elements of the interior of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction.

Perhaps, to choose the right option in terms of size and design, you will have to use an online staircase calculator with a 90-degree turn to calculate and compare several. Before you start processing the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is suitable for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

The staircases presented on our website can be divided into categories according to three criteria that depend on each other and the staircase with the steps turning by 90° can be calculated as accurately as possible:

1. Length dimensions

A. Maximum length - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings/stringers;

b. Medium length - steps are placed on two pairs of strings;

V. Minimum length - the steps are placed on three pairs of strings, the length dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pairs of strings;

2. Width dimensions

A. Maximum width - steps are placed on two or three pairs of strings, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of strings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel pairs of strings, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

V. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings/stringers, the width dimension is equal to the width of the staircase;

3. Difficulty in manufacturing

A. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings/stringers and rectangular steps;

b. Medium complexity of manufacturing - made from bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

V. Difficult to manufacture - made from bowstrings/stringers, rectangular steps, platforms and turning steps.

Stairs presented on our website:

• - 1.a.-2.v.-3.a.
• Staircase with a 90° turn - 1.b.-2.a.-3.b.
• - 1.b.-2.b.-3.b.
• - 1.b.-2.b.-3.c.
• - 1.c.-2.a.-3.b.
• — 1.v.-2.a.-3.v.
• - out of classification
• - 1.a.-2.v.-3.a.

In each specific situation, the floor height is already specified. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the staircase is flatter or steeper, what kind of flights are built, what material it is made of - metal, wood, concrete, etc. Having this information, you can talk about the number of ascents (steps and platforms) in a particular situation.

Let's imagine that we have, for example, 12 ascents - steps and platforms. Staircase design is the shape of these risers (steps, turning steps, landings) and how these 12 risers are placed relative to each other.

You can place all these 12 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “ “, “ “. In this case, your stairs will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture.

These 12 lifts can be placed in 2 rows, rotated 90° relative to each other (when viewed from above). With a platform on the turn - "" - a simpler option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With rotary steps on the turn - “°” - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an adjustable dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed next to each other. With a platform on the turn - “°” - an option that is easier to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With rotary steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts on 3 rows perpendicular to each other (when viewed from above).

With platforms on turns - "" - a simpler option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform, 3 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, a platform and 5 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With rotary steps on the turn - “” - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps, 2 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, 3 rotary steps, 2 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have a minimum length dimension and an adjustable width dimension.

Or you can choose ““, which is not similar to any of the above and will give the interior of your home a truly sophisticated look.

This design is relevant in a situation where you want a staircase of two flights, and the amount of space in the place where it needs to be placed is limited.

The staircase in the house plays an important functional role - moving between floors should be comfortable and safe. There are many configuration options for this design. The marching type is widely used, and its most popular subtype is the rotary staircase made of wood. In this article we will talk about how to properly design and install this type of marching structure.

Types of stairs by design

Typical staircase designs are several varieties that differ in load-bearing elements:

• on stringers (one or two);
• on bowstrings;
• on bolts (they are also called cantilever or hanging);
• screw;
• assembled from ready-made modules, which are often called spinal modules.

Types of rotary flight stairs

Marching stairs are divided into two main groups:

To make a turn, an intermediate platform or winder steps are used.

Making a turning staircase with your own hands

To assemble the structure of a rotating flight of stairs with your own hands from wood, you must first calculate the dimensions of all elements. And based on it, calculate the nomenclature and quantity of lumber. The calculation is based on the space in which the staircase will be located.

• width of the marching span – 90-120 cm;
• height of steps – 15-20 cm;
• depth of steps – 25-30 cm;
• the steepness of the stairs is 20-45°;
• the width of the turning steps in the center of the flight is at least 20 cm;
• overhang of steps over each other – no more than 5 cm.

It is very important to take into account that there is such a parameter as the height of the passage. This is the size from the flight of stairs to the bottom of the ceiling - it should be at least 190-200 cm. Otherwise, you will have to climb the stairs in a half-bent position, which is unacceptable.

If a wooden staircase with a landing is planned for the house, then the dimensions of the latter are chosen depending on the width of the two flights of stairs.

Calculation of a turning staircase

Manufacturing and installation of load-bearing stringer beams

Let's look at wooden flight stairs built along stringers. Stringers are selected according to their load-bearing capacity, which is determined by the cross-section of the timber used. The optimal cross-section of the beam is 50x300 mm. And it is better if it is wood from durable species - beech, oak, larch. However, pine will also work.

In this case, the supporting beam must be prepared, made in the form of a comb. There are two ways to do this:

The first option is used more often, since it is easier to carry out the work. The cuts are made with a regular saw or jigsaw. The cut planes must be further processed with sandpaper to create a smooth surface. The steps are cut from boards 4-5 cm thick, their dimensions and quantity are determined during the calculation process.

Manufacturing of steps and risers

The main thing is to maintain the dimensions of the stepped elements that were designed for. But there is one point where you can save money. The riser does not bear any load. It is a decorative element. Therefore, there is no point in buying thick boards for him.

The thickness of the riser is always less than the thickness of the step

For example, if the steps require a board with a thickness of 40-50 mm, then lumber with a thickness of 20-30 mm is suitable for the riser.

Assembly of the structure

Let's look at step-by-step instructions for assembling a two-flight wooden staircase with a platform with your own hands.

1. First of all, the site is assembled. It is usually installed on four support pillars made of timber with a cross-section of 100x100 mm. They are placed vertically at the corners of the site and fastened together with strapping made of boards 30-40 mm thick and 50-100 mm wide. There are designs when the harness is attached not to the racks, but to the walls. This is usually done if the staircase is small. Metal dowels or anchors are used as fasteners. Boards 40-50 mm thick, cut to fit the width or length of the platform, are laid on the resulting frame - this will be the floor.
2. The lower flight deck is installed. First, the stringers are installed, then the steps are attached to them. Installation is carried out from bottom to top.
3. The installation of the upper flight is carried out in the same way. The main task of installing stringers is to accurately align them to the same size.
4. Installation of balusters and railings, if provided for by the design of the interfloor staircase.

Attaching the stringer to the floor

By the way, the installation of wooden stairs to the second floor of the U-shaped type (with a 180° turn) is practically no different from the installation of an L-shaped (with a 90° turn) version. The only difference is in the shape of the structure. And all construction operations and calculations are carried out the same way.

The installation of stairs with winder steps differs in purely constructive positions. First of all, there is no intermediate platform, which means the winder elements must be attached to something. The same applies to the upper ends of the stringers of the lower flight and the lower ends of the support of the upper flight. There are several options, but more often they use support posts that are installed under the stringer edges. They also try to attach winder steps to them.

There is another option, when the upper stringer is extended to the lower one. There is a kind of connection between two load-bearing beams, to which steps and risers are attached at the turn.

Installation of balusters and railings

There are supporting balusters, which are what mainly hold up the railings, and there are intermediate ones that serve as fencing elements.

In hardware stores you can find ready-made wooden railings and balusters that can be easily adjusted to the required dimensions in terms of their height. They are available with standard fasteners made of plastic or metal. There is no need to cut or adjust anything. Install the fastening element at the installation site, attach it to the load-bearing elements of the staircase structure and insert railings and balusters into them.

While it’s not difficult to figure out the calculations for a single-flight staircase, drawings of two-flight structures, with a rotation of 90 and 180°, is not an easy task. It is especially difficult to design winder turning steps that are used to equip staircases due to the architectural features of the building.

Online constructor Zhitova

Dmitry Zhitov's program is a free calculation of drawings, projects and calculations for 14 options for wooden and metal stairs. To make a staircase using an online designer, on the main page of the site you should select the project you are interested in. Each of the calculations contains a general drawing of a staircase of a certain model, its top and side views, drawings for a template of steps and bowstrings.

The initial data is indicated, which the user will manipulate, changing them according to his requirements. These changes will make adjustments to the drawings and indicators for steps and strings. General data includes dimensions in millimeters:

• height and length of the staircase opening;
• the width of the platform, also known as the width of the stairs;
• thickness and protrusion of steps;
• the presence of a platform or the number of winder steps is indicated.

Dmitry Zhitov’s online designer calculates and then provides dimensions and drawings in accordance with the convenience formula, with the proper depth of steps and an acceptable slope angle, which is referenced in the “Recommendations” window. If the given dimensions do not allow you to create a staircase, according to the convenience formula, then the program indicates the percentage of discrepancy and recommends changing the number, depth, protrusion of steps or the length of the opening.

The greater the percentage of discrepancy from the formula, the greater or lesser the height and depth of the steps becomes, the angle of inclination increases, which makes the staircase uncomfortable, and even dangerous. Changes are made until the result meets the parameters of a comfortable staircase, or a different staircase configuration is selected.

Among all online calculators, this one is the most accurate, detailed, visual and understandable. Unfortunately, not all types of stairs are provided by the service, but there is hope that over time the options will be expanded.

How to independently make calculations, projects and drawings for a two-flight L-shaped staircase with a platform, rotated 90° using Dmitry Zhitov’s program

In all basic projects of wooden structures, the program offers a completely sufficient and economical width of stairs of 80 cm. L-shaped stairs have two flights of longer and shorter lengths. Between them there may be a platform or turning steps, one of which will be corner. In what cases are steps made instead of a platform and how to work with Zhitov’s online constructor can be described in a specific example.

L-shaped wooden staircase with landing

The basic software project for a wooden staircase on bowstrings offers calculations and design drawings:

Let's assume that the height and length of the opening are not correct in the initial data. The height of the room where the staircase will be built reaches 2700 mm, and due to the floor beams of the second floor, the length of the opening can be made 2500 mm. The height of the opening will be the sum of the thickness of the ceiling (for example, 300 mm) and the height of the room: 2700+300=3000.

In the right field, with variable data, you need to replace the height of the opening (Y), setting it to 3000, and the length of the opening (X) to 2500. Calculate.

After the calculation, you should not pay attention to the changes in the drawings, but look at the “Recommendations” window. With our substituted data, the discrepancy with the convenience formula is 33.8%, and the angle of inclination has become critical - 46.6° (the most convenient is 30–40°).

The program recommends increasing the number of steps by three, increasing the length of the opening by 443 mm, or using a different staircase design. Extra steps will lead to insufficient depth, which will have to be compensated by increasing the protrusion, and the angle of the staircase inclination will increase. The length of the flight of stairs is limited by a wall or a nearby door, and the floor beams do not allow the upper opening to be extended. This is the case when it is worth resorting to constructing a staircase with winder steps.

Wooden staircase with 90° turning steps

Rotary steps on a wooden staircase will allow you to save space and maintain the convenience and functionality of the design.

Choosing a staircase model with 90° turning steps, where the total number of steps is 13, three turning steps, and four bottom steps. We enter the same parameters: opening height 3000 mm and length 2500 mm. After recalculations, the program claims that such a staircase is relatively comfortable, the discrepancy with the convenience formula is 12.9%, the angle of inclination is 39.2°. It is recommended to add two stages.

This design is acceptable, but following the software recommendations, it is worth trying to add two stages. To do this: increase the total number of steps (C) to 15; there are three turning steps left; We make five lower steps. After calculations, the angle of inclination is 39.5°, the staircase corresponds to the convenience formula. Now you should turn to the drawings and make sure that the designed structure is almost ideal.

Staircase with an inclination angle of 39.5°

1. With a staircase width of 800 mm, three turning steps have been preserved, this is a very convenient ratio.
2. The distance from the top step of the lower flight to the ceiling is 2000 mm, which is quite enough even for a tall person. Rising further, it will be under the ceiling opening, and nothing will interfere with the movement.
3. Step height 200 mm, depth - 293 mm, riser depth - 150 mm. These are excellent indicators with which the staircase will be comfortable.

Now you can use ready-made drawings, templates for making steps and bowstrings. The dimensions of the turning steps are shown in a separate drawing.

Wooden stairs with a 180° turn in a U-shape

In Zhitov’s online designer there are four options for similar designs, two of which are two-flight and two are three-flight.

• platform between the upper and lower flights;
• turning steps between flights, two of which are corner;
• platforms after the lower and before the upper flights with steps between the platforms;
• turning steps after the lower and before the upper flights with straight steps between the turning ones.

All U-shaped stairs are very capricious in calculations, they require significant areas and an increased width of the ceiling opening. Unlike L-shaped structures, a two-flight staircase with a 180° turn has a larger platform and rotary steps.

This makes it difficult to design a staircase with the proper slope and according to the comfort formula. It is very difficult to make such calculations on your own. By changing the number of steps in Zhitov’s program, you can achieve the most acceptable sizes. Percentage deviations from the convenience formula are acceptable if the angle of inclination remains comfortable and the depth and height of the steps are acceptable. But with a small length and width of the opening, it is sometimes impossible to create a U-shaped staircase.

Do-it-yourself calculations and drawings of two-flight metal stairs with a rotation of 90 and 180° using the Zhitov program

All metal stairs in the online designer are presented:

Options for turning staircases are offered only with landings without winder steps. In addition to the exact dimensions of the parts, the program will determine the required amount of material. The drawings were made for two stringers, without changing the calculations; the marches are easy to perform on one stringer. If you need to create a metal structure on strings covering the steps, you should use the drawings for a wooden staircase. To calculate turning steps for a metal staircase, it is recommended to also resort to calculations for wooden staircases of the same configuration. The proposed width of metal stairs is 90 cm. Despite the uniform calculations, depth and height of steps, a metal staircase is sometimes easier to fit into space than a wooden one. This design is simpler to create and will cost less.

C-shaped stairs

Calculations of rotary C-shaped structures are based on calculations of round staircases, the most complex and problematic. Projects for them are created by CAD programs (computer-aided design systems) such as AutoCAD, since it is necessary to work with many variable data. Zhitov’s online constructor does not contain such calculations. It is better to entrust the design of a C-shaped staircase, which does not allow the slightest inaccuracies, to a specialist.

Winders, turning corners and steps, features of corner stairs

What are winder and turning steps?

For turning flights of stairs, steps are constructed with an inner side narrower than their outer side. These steps are called winder or rotary. As a rule, one of them in L-shaped stairs, and two in U-shaped ones, are corner. The outer side of the corner steps forms a right angle. The number of winder steps depends on the width of the stairs. With a staircase width of 800 mm, the optimal number of steps is considered to be:

• three for stairs with a 90° turn;
• five for stairs with a 180° turn.

You can increase the number of steps without losing convenience with a larger staircase width.

Features of corner stairs

In residential premises, L-shaped stairs are most often adjacent to one or two walls. They can be built:

• on one stringer;
• on two stringers;
• on bowstrings;
• the outer side of the steps is mounted on a bowstring, and the side adjacent to the wall is held on a stringer attached to the wall.

The latter option is mainly applied to wooden stairs, which in Zhitov’s program are offered only on bowstrings. But according to the drawing of the template for steps and strings, it is not at all difficult to calculate a wooden stringer for straight steps, creating a turning staircase with a flat platform.

For turning steps, the program provides a separate drawing of their top view, but does not provide diagrams of the step and bowstring templates. The distance between the cuts on the bowstrings for the wide side of the winder steps must be calculated yourself, which is not at all difficult, if you have drawings with all the necessary dimensions. It is more difficult to calculate and draw stringers for such steps. Thanks to the clarity of Zhitov’s calculations, this is quite possible. The same applies to U-shaped stairs.

How to design a staircase to the second floor with a landing and a turn of 90, 180: Zhitov’s online designer program, drawings and calculations of a metal, wooden two-flight, U-, L-, C-shaped, corner staircase with your own hands - photo, what is a winder step , turning corners and steps

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A variety of materials are used to create stairs. But wooden options are always in fashion, which are considered an example of style and Russian traditions. The use of wood creates a feeling of comfort and home warmth. When creating, the most important points are considered to be thoughtful installation, standards and calculations. A do-it-yourself wooden staircase to the second floor with a 90-degree turn is installed in compliance with all design rules. This product will take up little space.

The luxurious staircase design performs a practical and decorative function.

Read in the article

Types of stairs to the second floor: photos of options

To choose a staircase option, you need to decide on the type of device and material. The choice of system depends on the placement in the rooms, layout features and individual needs. The materials used are ceramics, wood, metal and plexiglass.

The following types of stairs are distinguished:

• marching structures are made on bowstrings or stringers;

• screw versions are made on supports in the form of a load-bearing rack;

• models on rails are straight-line structures. The steps are mounted to the wall and connected using bolts;

• combined ones include several types of designs.

For the stringer, supports are installed that are located near the wall. The work must be controlled using a level.

Important! To securely fasten the stringer, a small recess is cut into the timber.

The nuances of making a wooden staircase to the second floor: assembly and installation of steps

If the room has high ceilings, then you should also pay attention to buildings consisting of a series of steps with a 90-degree turn. To make the ascent safer, it is preferable to use an intermediate platform during the construction of structures.

Let's highlight some features:

• the space under the steps can be used for your own needs;
• can, if necessary, have an approach from any side: ninety-degree stairs, right-handed and left-handed;
• winder steps during the construction of a structure are smaller in height, unlike other types of stairs;
• the marches are at right angles, the intermediate platform is made in the shape of a square.

The most commonly used material in manufacturing is wood. In the production of wooden staircases rotating 90 degrees, hard wood species are used: oak, ash, beech. Or semi-solid: spruce, larch, pine. Wooden structures have always been famous for their elegance. In addition, wooden products will have a beneficial effect on health.

The presented building, right- or left-entry, can be equipped with winder steps. Climbing a winder staircase with a 90-degree turn cannot be called very comfortable, since the inner side of its steps is smaller than the outer side. However, the design has an elegant appearance, and if positioned correctly, it will significantly save space and will serve for many years.

Calculation of a ninety degree turning staircase

Calculating the dimensions of the finished structure is not an easy task. You can use special mathematical formulas, but it is easier to do this using an online calculation calculator, which can be found on the Internet. You will need the following measurements:

• the distance between two floors (from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second);
• opening length;
• width of the structure.

This is the minimum set of parameters that you will need.
Having certain knowledge and skills, you can carry out the calculation yourself. If not, we recommend using the services of our professional measurer.