In interpreting The Village, one refers first of all to the political idea contained in it. The anti-serf orientation of the poem serves as a convincing example of the young Pushkin's undoubted love of freedom. However, focusing on a political idea, one often overlooks the indisputable fact that it is subject to Pushkin's broad reflections on his vocation, on poetic service, on the influence of life on art and art on life.

The central image in the poem is the image of a poet reflecting on his fate and his talent. But the poet is not fenced off from life's anxieties and unrest. He responds to them and at the same time experiences their direct impact. And he resolutely connects his poetic fate with the share of the people, with the quest of the progressive people of his time. Without in any way rejecting the anti-serf orientation of The Village, one cannot but see that the perception of the poem only as a political declaration narrows its meaning.

History of writing

"The Village" was written by Pushkin in July 1819. At that time Pushkin was young. He recently graduated from the Lyceum and settled in St. Petersburg. Among his friends and acquaintances are poets and freedom lovers, dissatisfied with autocracy and serfdom. They crave change and want to hasten the desired hour of liberty. Communication with them infects Pushkin. In 1818-1819, the poet wrote satirical "Tales" ("Hurrah! Rides to Russia ..."), "To Chaadaev", epigrams "On Sturdza" ("The servant of a crowned soldier" and "I walk around Sturdza ..."), the epigrams "Two Alexander Pavlovichs" and "On Arakcheev" are attributed to him. The circle of these freedom-loving poems also includes the famous "Village".

Lyrical image of the village

The title of the poem, like its first lines, sets in an idyllic mood. In European poetry, the village was usually idealized, depicted as a blooming paradise, a haven of inspiration, creativity, friendship, love, an island of independence. This tradition went back to hoary antiquity. In the era of antiquity, bucolic, or pastoral (both words mean "shepherd"), lyric poetry arose. It glorified the beauties of nature, the delights of a peaceful rural life, a happy solitude away from the vain, full of selfish temptations of urban civilization. On this basis, the genre of idyll was formed - a poetic or prose work in which writers admired the serene village life and good morals of its inhabitants. Idylls were also popular among Russian poets. Idyllic motifs often found their way into elegies and epistles. In the literature of modern times, the blissful idea of ​​the village, as if not knowing social and other conflicts, poverty, slavery, was already shaken. Radishchev dealt a decisive blow to him with his Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. The noble intelligentsia had already vaguely begun to understand that the bondage of the cities is connected with the serfdom of the villages, that the spiritual slavery of the nobles is not aloof from the servitude of the peasants, because the class that oppresses another class is itself not free. And yet, the idyllic perception of the village was persistent: in contrast to the city, it seemed to be a corner of freedom, spiritual purity, and poetic dreams.

The village attracts Pushkin. He understands the lofty feelings of poets, who breathe and live more freely in rural solitude. A conditional image of an idyllic lyricist appears in the poem, and this image is close and dear to Pushkin. Here for the first time, perhaps, the lyrical motif of the unity of labor and inspiration sounds as a guarantee of a full-fledged creative life, to which he aspires and the light of which will further illuminate his entire poetic destiny. From the time of The Village, this union will be equated by Pushkin with the concept of happiness. There, in a secluded corner, he will later rush in vain from Petersburg, from the court, from the evil court mob pursuing him, in order to freely surrender to work and inspiration.

The theme of voluntary escape from the stuffy world (“I traded the vicious court for a circus, Luxurious feasts, fun, delusions ...”) in “The Village” is weighty and significant. It is not for nothing that Pushkin repeats twice, like a spell: “I am yours ...” The pictures of nature contemplated by the poet seem to reinforce the peaceful mood.

The rural view, pleasing to the eye, promises a fruitful future and encourages high reflection. However, the idyll does not become the goal of Pushkin's image: nature, rural silence, "contentment", "labor" and "freedom idleness" encourage the poet to search for the meaning of life, instill in him sublime experiences.

The young idyllic takes on the features of a poet-philosopher and directly addresses the great figures of mankind, whose “creative thoughts” he listens with particular sensitivity “in majestic solitude”:

Oracles of the ages, here I ask you!

This is how two central stanzas are born, in which Pushkin trustingly reveals his sincere ideal of a true poet. He does not feel like a hermit in the wilderness, cowardly fleeing from the troubles of life, but an artist-thinker who masters the diverse impressions of reality and the advanced ideas of the age. He acutely experiences the need to touch the fullness of being, which gives food to labor and inspiration, inseparable for him from the knowledge and proclamation of the truth.

Analysis of the poem "Village"

The idyllic depiction of village life does not become the poetic subject of The Village, and even its first two stanzas. From the theme of rural loneliness and a break with urban civilization, new topic- creative work, high inspiration, filling rural leisure:

He drives laziness a gloomy dream,
To works gives rise to heat in me,
And your creative thoughts
In the spiritual depths ripen!

The two stanzas placed in the center (“I am here, freed from vain shackles ...” and “Oracles of the ages, here I ask you!”) form the ideological focus of the poem and express Pushkin's true dreams. He does not want to remain an idyllic poet, a singer of rural solitude. He is worried about public moods and is attracted not by the vain search for glory and not only by admiring the beautiful nature, but by the search for truth and the meaning of being. The development of the lyrical theme, given at the beginning of the poem, is accomplished, as it were, through its assimilation and expansion, and partly through its negation. From the narrow, narrow framework of bucolic lyrics, Pushkin breaks out into the wide expanse of philosophical and civil lyrics. Accordingly, the conditional image of the poet also changes - the elegiac gives way to an active philosopher and citizen, how Pushkin sees a real creator and how he thinks of himself.

However, the poet's dream is overshadowed by the spectacle of slavery, and his peace of mind - "necessary", as he later says, "the condition of the beautiful" - is destroyed. Beginning of the last stanza:

But a terrible thought darkens the soul here ...

opposed to the two central stanzas. "A terrible thought" fetters the free flight of imagination and creative inspiration. The course of Pushkin's thought is obvious: the reason for the collapse of lofty hopes lies in circumstances beyond the control of the poet. There is no scope for free creativity where liberty is desecrated, where “ignorance is a disastrous shame”. Philosophical-civil theme of Pushkin's poem "The Village" turns into a political topic. Idyllic and philosophical motifs merge with civil preaching. While people are suffering, the poet's heart cannot be at peace, for his soul is wounded by gross contempt for the "law". As a citizen and humanist, "a friend of mankind", Pushkin is overcome by anger and pain at the sight of slavery. Pictures of ignorance and violence give rise to formidable invectives of the last stanza. The idyllic mood is gone.

The expression "friend of mankind" may have contained an allusion to the proud nickname of Marat - "friend of the people", but, most likely, it contains a more general humanistic meaning.

There is no idyll in life, and therefore, there should not be in art either. The sharp contradictions of life are not conducive to lofty philosophical dreams about the enduring values ​​of being. It would seem that terrible modernity, having torn away calmness from the poet, the ability to feel the fullness of being and having cooled the creative heat, awakened in his sensitive soul “ornate ... a gift”. After all, Pushkin is indignant, denounces, loud, oratorical intonations are heard in his speech. But why, then, in the words “Oh, if only my voice could disturb hearts!” sounds like a clear regret that his poems are unable to excite people? Why does he now call his poetic "heat" "barren" and bitterly asks:

Why a fruitless heat burns in my chest,
And a formidable gift was not given to me as a lot of oratory?

The above lines return memory to all the previous text. Let us recall that rural solitude was conducive to reflection, that here the poet learned to “find bliss in truth” and the “heat” of inspired work was born in him and “creative thoughts” were already ripening. But the spectacle of slavery extinguished the fire of thought, and it did not give tangible results, it became "fruitless". In the last Stanza, Pushkin not only denounces the "wild nobility" - he is bitter for the vain, futile efforts of burning poetic labor. Pictures of arbitrariness violated the poet's spiritual balance, the harmony between inspiration and work. And at the same time, Pushkin cannot but respond to the suffering of people and is even ready to devote himself to the struggle against despotism, if only to destroy it. However, Pushkin also has a keen awareness of the originality of his inherent poetic talent, and his inherent idea of ​​poetry, and the understanding that art, revealing life's contradictions and contributing to their understanding, still does not cancel or resolve them.

Satirical indignation and civil preaching, according to the poet, is not the only task of creativity. In addition, Pushkin does not feel like an exclusively civic-minded poet and does not lock his lyrics into the framework of civic themes and motifs or pastoral chants. Poetry in Pushkin's view is broader, fuller-sounding, more horrendous than mere contemplative enjoyment of rural views or purely civil denunciations. Several years will pass, and Pushkin will say about Ryley's antithesis “I am not a poet, but a citizen”: “... If someone writes poetry, then first of all he should be a poet; if you just want to be a citizen, then write in prose.” At the same time, he will strongly object to the exclusion from poetry and satire, and jokes, and cheerful, and touching, and dreamy. Poetic creativity is equally subject to severe citizenship, and blissful peace, and the eagle flight of thought, and the direct sensual charm of being. He has access to odic solemnity, and melancholy thoughtfulness, and idyllic naivete, and elegiac lamentation, and bitter mockery, and a mischievous smile.

This comprehensive view of poetry, the soil of which is reality, and the goal is the truth of life, is already taking shape in early works, and the "Village" is an undoubted evidence of this. That is why Pushkin is intelligible both dear and peaceful songs of rural silence, and passionate civil speech. The image of the poet, drawn to his winged imagination, is multifaceted. Pushkin does not give particular preference to either the voice of the idyllic poet or the voice of the accuser poet. His ideal is a poet-philosopher, a poet-humanist. B. V. Tomashevsky in his excellent book Pushkin wrote about the Village: “It is significant that the combination of these words (“labor and inspiration”) appears in a poem dedicated to a political theme.” However, in this case, it would be more accurate to say otherwise: it is significant that the political theme is organically woven into a poem dedicated to creative self-determination. In The Village, she acts as part of a poetic reflection on her own vocation, on the exceptional thirst for creativity, on the indestructible impulse to truth. Pushkin expects the resolution of social contradictions not from poetry. He hopes for the restoration of the "law" "from above":

I see, my friends! an unoppressed people
And slavery, fallen at the behest of the king...

He believes that if the social conflict is eliminated, then the prosperity of the fatherland will come, the spiritual wounds inflicted on his offended sense of humanity will be healed, and wide prospects for creativity will expand. And this maximalist and holy civic obsession with Pushkin must be highly valued. Unlike the ideas of Ryleev and other Decembrist poets, Pushkin's poetic ideal does not consist in the removal of certain, primarily intimate motifs from the lyrics. Pushkin turns to a broad and free reflection of reality, not constrained by any pre-imposed restrictions that exclude certain motives and genres from the sphere of poetry. Pushkin's lyrics do not reject either elegiac or civil moods.

Defending the poet's right to a variety of life impressions, Pushkin is not inclined either to a one-sided preference for only elegiac or only tendentious-rhetorical lyrics, nor to their humiliation or prohibition. That is why the image of the poet created by Pushkin in the two middle stanzas of The Village is not identical to either the idyllic poet or the citizen poet, although he has many related features with them. An idyllic poet and a citizen poet are integral facets of the image of a humanist poet, a poet-philosopher, a “friend of mankind”.

The aspiration to completeness and to the truth of the reflection of being, characteristic of the poem "The Village", predetermined Pushkin's "worldwide responsiveness" and the universal humanistic pathos of his work, which cannot be reduced to any strictly defined doctrine, social or philosophical doctrine. From his youth, Pushkin's personality and poetry are imbued with a life-loving and wise humanism that has grown on real, earthly soil.

Alexander Pushkin was a liberal-minded citizen who preached an active life position. He often criticized the authorities for the fact that they cannot ensure the well-being and prosperity of the people - the driving force of Russia. One such denunciatory poem is "The Village".

"The Village" was written in 1819. If we agree on the periods of creativity, the poem can be attributed to the second, St. Petersburg stage. The work was also influenced by new socio-political ideas, secret meetings of the Decembrists, communication with them. At that time, the poet was fond of discussions about the injustice of autocracy and the anti-humanism of serfdom.

It was at this time that Alexander Sergeevich joined the secret union of the Decembrists, in which even then drafts of a constitution were hatched that would limit the power of the tsar. However, the new supporters of the enthusiastic and ardent poet were in no hurry to accept him "in business." They were afraid that the failure of the revolutionary speech would entail severe punishment, and they wanted to save the talented Pushkin from the violent wrath of the autocracy, which could turn into death for the poet. That is why the contribution of the creator was purely literary, and he only learns about the performance of the Decembrists on Senate Square in 1825 after it took place, without taking part in it and without tarnishing his name.

Genre, size, direction

It can be seen that the poem is written in the genre of oratory. The author is the voice of all progressive thinking people of that time who do not agree with the system of serfdom. Pushkin specifically turned to this genre, since the work is a kind of call to end injustice. This gives reason to attribute the "Village" to the realistic direction. Although there are also features of romanticism. The Creator is a typical romantic hero, opposed to the society of the nobility. On the example of the antithesis of the village and the city, we see the principle of duality, characteristic of this direction. There is an ideal world and a reality opposed to it.

The poem is written in iambic six-foot, alternating with four-foot. Rhyming is cross, male rhyme (1st, 3rd lines) alternates with female (2nd, 4th lines).

Composition

The composition of the "Village" can be defined as two-part. When reading, a bright antithesis catches the eye. In the first part, the poet sings of the beauty of nature, talks about how he has a good rest and breathes easily in the countryside. Then it’s as if a completely different poem begins, as the mood changes dramatically. In the second part, Pushkin talks about the “reverse side of the coin” of this beauty - “wild nobility”.

Thus, with the help of composition, the author expresses main idea poems: serfdom spoils the people and ruins the future of the country. Our lands are rich and fertile, our nature is beautiful and gentle, our people are highly moral and strong. But the insensitive and selfish government crosses out all these virtues, robbing their own descendants with exorbitant consumption and irresponsible attitude to these riches.

Main characters and their characteristics

A lyrical hero can appreciate nature and feel a merger with the world. The poet paints a blissful picture: fields, meadows, "a garden with its coolness and flowers", "bright streams", "peaceful noise of oak forests". Then the lyrical "I" of the author changes. From an enthusiastic connoisseur of beauty, he turns into an ardent opposition critic who understands the shortcomings of the social structure of his homeland. He does not leave himself alone, saying that his gift is not piercing enough to penetrate callous hearts.

The image of the landowners is noteworthy: "The lordship is wild, without feeling, without law ...". These are ignorant, greedy and vicious people who feast at the expense of "skinny slavery". The poet sympathizes with the peasants, in particular the "young maidens" who "bloom for the whim of an insensitive villain." Pushkin spent a lot of time in his country estates, so he knew a lot and saw how other neighbors treat serfs. Moreover, the author notes that the masters have no reason to consider themselves superior to the common people, because both the master and the serf are equally ignorant and wild. Only one rises due to his suffering and righteous work, and the second only falls in our eyes, because he is an unjust tyrant.

Topics and issues

• The main problem of the work is injustice of serfdom. Pushkin seeks to show his lack of freedom and cruelty. As long as some people limitlessly dominate others, tension will brew in society, and a country with such a microclimate will not develop harmoniously.
• Theme of nature. The author admires the rural landscape, he is inspired by the beauty of the rural wilderness, where spiritual and moral values ​​are added to natural wealth: honest work, a large and healthy family, harmony with the outside world.
• The problem of ignorance. The poet complains that he is not allowed to reach out to the evil hearts of the landlords, who, probably, do not read his poems, and do not read anything at all. Therefore, it seems to them that slavery is a normal phenomenon, that they really have the right to tyrannize the peasants and steal their last property.
• The theme of creativity. The author is outraged that fate has deprived him of "orchidism with a formidable gift." He believes that his lines are not convincing enough for those in power. In this appeal, Pushkin's self-criticism, his eternal striving for perfection, is obvious.
• The problem of the lack of rights of the peasants. It describes not only the depravity of the masters, but also the heavy burden of their slaves. Girls are doomed to become a toy for the master, and virtuous wives and mothers. Young people are just physical strength for the new needs of the landowner, their lives are fleeting and joyless from exhausting work.
• Antithesis of village and city. The countryside appears as an ideal secluded place where any person can improve and find the strength to shake off laziness from the soul. But the gloss of the capital only catches up with melancholy and provokes idleness of thought and spirit. There is only pretense, here the poet has found the truth.

Idea

The author rebels against the cruelty of the autocracy and wants freedom for his compatriots, whom he considers equal to himself, no matter what class they belong to. He tries to convey to people the idea that it is no longer possible to live in such injustice.

In addition, the meaning of the "Village" is to show the contrast between the beauties and blessings of the Russian land and those who dispose of it. The nobility ruins the country, oppresses the people, but in itself there is no benefit, because such power only corrupts the soul. The main idea of ​​the poem is that the poet wants with all his might to bring "enlightened freedom to a beautiful dawn."

Means of artistic expression

The main means of artistic expression in "The Village" is the antithesis - it helps to reveal the author's intention. Pushkin arranges the first part in such a way that the reader is immersed in an atmosphere of calm. This is created thanks to the epithets: “peaceful noise”, “silence of the fields”, “azure plains”.

The second part of the work is more emotional, Pushkin is dissatisfied and even outraged by the current situation. From this follows many words with a bright emotional coloring, mainly epithets: “wild nobility”, “relentless owner”, “destruction of people”, “heavy yoke”. With the help of an anaphora (in the second part of the poem, the lines begin several times with the word “Here”), Alexander Sergeevich tries to list everything that he is dissatisfied with, to express all the disgrace that he observes.

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I greet you, deserted corner, A shelter of calmness, work and inspiration, Where an invisible stream flows of my days In the bosom of happiness and oblivion. I am yours: I have exchanged the vicious court of the circus, Luxurious feasts, fun, delusions For the peaceful noise of oaks, for the silence of the fields, For free idleness, a friend of thought. I am yours: I love this dark garden With its coolness and flowers, This meadow lined with fragrant stacks, Where bright streams rustle in the bushes. Everywhere in front of me are moving pictures: Here I see azure plains of two lakes, Where the sail of a fisherman sometimes turns white, Behind them a row of hills and striped cornfields, Scattered huts in the distance, Wandering herds on the wet shores, Smoky barns and windmills; Everywhere there are traces of contentment and labor ... I am here, freed from vain shackles, I am learning to find bliss in the truth, To idolize the law with a free soul, Not to listen to the unenlightened crowd with murmuring, To answer the shy plea with participation And not to envy the fate of a Villain or a fool - in wrong greatness. Oracles of the ages, here I ask you! In majestic solitude Your joyful voice is heard more. It drives laziness away from a gloomy sleep, To works gives rise to a fever in me, And your creative thoughts In the spiritual depths ripen. But a terrible thought darkens the soul here: Among the flowering fields and mountains A friend of mankind sadly notices Everywhere ignorance is a murderous shame. Not seeing the tears, not heeding the groan, For the destruction of people, chosen by fate, Here nobility wild, without feeling, without law, Appropriated by a violent vine And labor, and property, and the time of the farmer. Leaning on an alien plow, submitting to scourges, Here lean slavery drags along the reins of the Inexorable owner. Here everyone drags a burdensome yoke to the grave, Not daring to nourish hopes and inclinations in the soul, Here young virgins bloom For the whim of an insensitive villain. Dear support of aging fathers, Young sons, comrades of labor, From their native huts come to multiply Yard crowds of tortured slaves. Oh, if only my voice could disturb hearts! Why is a fruitless heat burning in my chest And the fate of ornateness has not given me a formidable gift? I see, my friends! an unoppressed people And slavery, fallen at the behest of the tsar, And over the fatherland of enlightened freedom Will the beautiful dawn finally rise?

Date of creation: July 1819

Analysis of Pushkin's poem "The Village"

In 1819, 20-year-old Pushkin came for a short time from St. Petersburg to his family estate Mikhailovskoye. It was here that his famous poem "The Village" was written, in which the author analyzes not only his own life, but also assesses the socio-political events that are taking place in Russia.

The poem "Village" was created in the form of an elegy, but its measured rhythm, which tunes in to a philosophical mood, is very deceptive. If in the first part of the work the poet confesses his love for his homeland, emphasizing that it was in Mikhailovsky that he was once serenely happy, then in the second part “a terrible thought darkens the soul here.”

Such a pessimistic mood of Pushkin is explained quite simply. As a teenager, the poet repeatedly thought about how imperfect and unfair the world is. People who are forced to work on the land from morning to night, drag out a miserable existence. And those who are accustomed to spend their days in idle amusement do not deny themselves anything. However, these thoughts were formed more clearly by the poet a little later, when in St. Petersburg he became quite close to the future Decembrists, imbued with their advanced ideas of brotherhood and equality at that time. That is why in the first lines of the poem "The Village" the poet, as if by chance, mentions that he "traded the vicious courtyard of the circus" for "the peaceful noise of oak trees, for the silence of the fields." This opposition is used by the author is by no means accidental. Pushkin, referring to his native land, admits: "I am yours." He identifies himself not with the high society, on which, in fact, his fate and a brilliant future depend, but with ordinary peasants, who are much closer and more understandable to the poet in spirit than counts and princes, who believe that only money rules the world. Therefore, returning to Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin notes that "I am here, freed from vain shackles, I am learning to find bliss in the truth."

However, the active and stormy nature of the poet cannot long enjoy the peace and tranquility of rural life while the world is rolling into the abyss. The poet is oppressed by the fact that people of his circle prefer not to notice the poverty and wretchedness of the life of serfs and do not consider them to be people. Against the backdrop of tears and suffering of thousands of the oppressed, “wild nobility, without feeling, without law” reigns, thanks to which the labor of slaves is appropriated by others. And at the same time, they believe that this is quite fair, because they are almost gods who came into this life solely in order to receive all conceivable and inconceivable pleasures.

In contrast to the "masters of life", the poet very figuratively and succinctly reproduces the life of those who drag on themselves "a burdensome yoke to the grave." These people are alien to such concepts as justice and freedom, since they do not know that such a thing is, in principle, possible. After all, from time immemorial, “here young virgins bloom for the whim of insensitive villains,” and young men who should become a reliable support for their fathers “go by themselves to multiply the courtyard crowds of tortured slaves.”

Turning to his people, downtrodden and oppressed, the poet dreams that his voice "know how to disturb hearts." Then the author would be able to change the world for the better with his poems and restore justice. However, Pushkin understands that it is almost impossible to do this, even with a huge poetic gift. Therefore, in the last lines of the poem, the poet wonders if he will ever see "slavery that fell due to the mania of the king." Pushkin still believes in the inviolability of the autocracy and hopes that the common sense of the august person will be able to put an end to the suffering of hundreds of thousands of Russian serfs who, by the will of fate, were born slaves.

Poem "Village".

Perception, interpretation, evaluation

In the summer of 1819 A.S. Pushkin traveled to Mikhailovskoye, the Novgorod estate of his mother. Under the impression of this trip, the poem "Village" was created. The first half of the poem, titled "Solitude", was published in a collection of 1826, but it was distributed in full in lists. Alexander I, having learned about these verses, demanded them to himself. The poet sent him a poem, and the tsar, who showed a certain liberality in those years, ordered "to thank Pushkin for the good feelings" that his work evokes. It was fully printed only in 1870, nine years after the abolition of serfdom.

We can attribute the poem to civil lyrics with landscape elements, its genre is elegy, but it also contains features of political satire.

The world of nature in this poem is opposed to the world of civilization. This antithesis is reflected in the composition of the work. The "village" consists of two parts. The first part is a harmonious, serene picture of rural nature and a description of the impressions of the lyrical hero. Its main idea is that nature and solitude make it possible to comprehend the truth and give rise to inspiration. The second part is the hero's thought about the "wild nobility", about the unjust social structure of the country. The second part contrasts with the first in its style and ideological content. The first part reminds us of a sentimental idyll, the second part - an ode. The poet passionately desires to help his people, exclaiming: "Oh, if only my voice could disturb hearts!" He dreams of seeing his Motherland free:

I see, my friends! An unoppressed people And slavery, fallen at the behest of the king,

And over the fatherland of enlightened freedom Will the beautiful dawn rise at last?

The poem is written in free iambic, the poet uses various means of artistic expression: numerous epithets (“the vicious courtyard of the circus”, “luxurious feasts”, “scented stacks”, “bright streams”, “shy plea”, “terrible thought”, “deadly shame”, “wild nobility”, “skinny slavery”, “beautiful dawn”), metaphor (“the invisible stream of my days is pouring”, “slavery is everything drags along the reins of the Relentless Owner"), rhetorical appeals (to the village, to oracles, friends), anaphora ("Here skinny slavery drags along the reins of the Relentless Owner. Here, a burdensome yoke drags everyone to the grave ... Here young maidens bloom ... "), archaisms ("ordeal is a formidable gift", "the fisherman's sail", "the vicious courtyard of the circus").

Thus, this work bears the stamp of classicism. This was also manifested in a solemn speech, in an upbeat, oratorical pathos, in an abundance of Slavonicisms, in the poet's use of ancient images.

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The poem "Village" aroused the anger and discontent of the government. After all, it is in it that the great Russian poet denounces the “wild nobility”, which turned life into a “burdensome yoke” ordinary people. But it is precisely their labors that build that beautiful picture that is described in the first part of the poem.

History of creation

The student can begin the analysis of Pushkin's "Village" with the history of the creation of the work. It was written in 1819. When the young poet, after graduating from the lyceum, received the post of collegiate secretary in St. Petersburg, he did not even suspect that after three years Alexander I himself would be happy to exile him to Siberia, and maybe even to the Solovetsky Islands. Only thanks to the petition of close friends of the poet - V. Zhukovsky, A. Karamzin, A. Turgenev - it was decided to replace the sentence with a reference to the south of Russia.

The king's displeasure

Why did the anger of the tsar, who defeated the Napoleonic army, and in whose honor the “Pillar of Alexandria” fanned with glory stood on Palace Square fall? The reason was the freedom-loving works of the poet. The tsar once even reproached the then head of the lyceum, E. A. Engelhardt, for the fact that his graduate "flooded Russia with his outrageous works." Pushkin was not a member of any secret society, of which there were many then. After all, for this he was too unpredictable and quick-tempered. However, it turned out that for just one poem, in which the great Russian poet freely expressed his thoughts, he was exiled to the south. After all, it was this work that was saturated with hopes that great reforms could await the country.

What did the poet say

At that time, the poet was working on the creation of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", which he began during his studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. But, finally finding himself at liberty after six years of study, the poet begins to write about the "freedom of the saint." And he called his first work, related to the genre of ode, “Liberty”. In it, he condemned tyrants who disregard the laws. And in the work "The Village", which was written after two years, the great Russian poet angrily condemns serfdom.

Continuing the analysis of Pushkin's "Village", we can point out that this work is a socio-political monologue. It touches on those social problems that deeply worried the author. According to his convictions, Pushkin was a supporter of a constitutional monarchy, while he denounced serfdom, pointing out that the liberation of people had to happen at the behest of the ruler. During the life of the poet, only the first part of the work was printed. The second was distributed only in lists. The entire poem was published by Herzen abroad in 1856, and in Russia in 1870.

Artistic media

Making a literary analysis of Pushkin's "Village", the student can also describe the artistic means used by the poet for a good grade. An important role in the poem is played by oppositions, antonymic images, for example, “wild nobility” - “a painful yoke”. The poet includes in the work exclamations that are characteristic of the ode genre, as well as rhetorical questions. Similar techniques are usually used in the journalistic style of the pamphlet. We see that in Pushkin's "Village" means of expression are used in a variety of ways. Also, a special sounding of the work is given by its size - iambic six-meter. In another way, it is called "Alexandrian verse" and is often used in odes.

Sublime and accusatory work

Pushkin's work is full of accusatory pathos, Old Slavonic terms, as well as ancient images (the influence of classicism affects here). There are also many solemn, pompous turns in it. After the first part of the work was published, Emperor Alexander I ordered to express gratitude to the poet, and after the second part was distributed, he exiled the great poet to the south of Russia. Analyzing Pushkin's "Village", one can also mention one of the most interesting features poems. This is his composition - the poet uses the technique of genre displacement. The first part is more like a sentimental pastoral, the second is closer to a political pamphlet.

idyllic place

At the beginning of Pushkin's Poem "The Village" the reader is immersed in an idyllic picture of the village. The first stanzas can undoubtedly be attributed to idyllic landscape lyrics. Here the paintings, which are drawn by the poet, breathe beauty and tranquility. He writes that in this area he lives in completely different moral values. And for the great Russian poet, it is especially important that in the countryside he has the opportunity to create. Most of the images mentioned in the first part of Pushkin's poem "The Village" are romanticized. This is a “dark garden”, “striped fields”.

The village for the poet is a place of silence and tranquility. Here he finally finds spiritual freedom. The epithets in Pushkin's "Village" create a picture of appeasement. This quiet corner is much more dear to the poet than the “vicious court of Circe”, or, for example, “luxurious feasts”. The lyrical hero is sure that he will find peace in creativity in this idyllic place, but his dreams did not come true. The intonation of the first part of the work is calm, friendly. The poet is carefully engaged in the selection of epithets, which he uses in large quantities. This helps him convey a picture of a rural landscape.

Lord's arbitrariness

Sometimes as homework the student is given the question of what and what is opposed in Pushkin's "Village". The poet's humanistic ideals are opposed to the picture of cruelty and slavery. This is where the antithesis is used. Reality destroyed all his thoughts about peace in the countryside. The second part of the work has a completely different color. It was not passed by the censors, and the poet had to put four lines of dots instead. In it, Alexander Sergeevich mercilessly denounces those who turned out to be the ruler of people to their death.

Antithesis

This compositional technique - the contrast between the first part of the work and the final one - is intended to have a great impact on the reader. And with its help, the poet manages to further strengthen the impression of the revealing image of tyranny, which does not allow people to live freely, to embody their life aspirations.

The pictures of this arbitrariness are horrifying in that any person could be in the place of serfs, who, in hard work, lose their human appearance. With the help of his poetic gift, Pushkin skillfully depicts the images of the “bar”, and does it indirectly - the reader sees what the life of a serf turns into because of this arbitrariness. The main definitions given by the poet in the second part are “wild nobility”, “skinny nobility”. With their help, the theme of Pushkin's "Village" becomes clear - the injustice of the serf yoke.

Citizen Poet

And the poet-dreamer thus turns into a worthy citizen - he now speaks not on behalf of a private individual, but on behalf of the entire advanced society, which seeks to provide freedom to the people from the serfdom. The great Russian poet understands that everything in the country is decided by the ruler. And he hopes that someday this slavery will be abolished due to the "mania of the king", and in the end for Russian state finally comes drastically new era over the “fatherland of enlightened freedom”, when the oppressed person will receive his rights, and will no longer have to give his life on the altar of the life improvement of spoiled and cruel landowners.

We examined the history of the creation of Pushkin's "Village", the features of this work, which created so many difficulties for the poet, but served as a way for him to express his opinion about injustice. In the work, the poet does not give an answer on how exactly to fight injustice. The mood of the narrator cannot be called rebellious. His inner world is rich, but in it the reader can also see those concepts that are the most valuable for the lyrical hero - this is following the truth, peace, freedom, creativity.