The foundation, the manufacture of which was carried out according to the TISE technology, is remarkable in that the costs of its construction are extremely minimal.
If you are planning to build a house with your own hands, then the presented foundation will be the most acceptable solution. The design of such a foundation is simple, and the bearing capacity will be at a fairly high level.
Such a do-it-yourself grillage pile foundation will provide a high level of strength and reliability of the entire structure. One of the advantages of this technology is the ability to create a foundation even for those people who have minimal building skills.
Design features
TISE screw piles are a key element of the column-and-strip foundation structure. The presented pile foundation is based on bored piles of the TISE type, the bearing capacity of which depends on how exactly you assemble the entire structure with your own hands.
The strip grillage foundation, which includes TISE screw piles, is equipped with reinforced piles that can be tied with your own hands using a reinforced concrete grillage.
Such TISE piles, as a rule, are distinguished by a high degree of strength and have a special shape. These bored products are equipped with a hemispherical expansion, thanks to the manufacturing technology, they have high strength characteristics.
This feature of the technology allows to significantly increase the area of the support zone. Because of this, the bearing capacity of the foundation increases several times.
The presented strip foundation, created by oneself using modern technology, can easily withstand the load level of not only frame structures, but also structures built of stone. At the same time, the bearing capacity of the foundation is such that there is practically no subsidence.
About the benefits of technology
The device of the foundation implies the placement of both light frame and stone houses on it. It is worth adding that the foundation on TISE piles can be constructed without focusing on the level of groundwater.
It can be cocked both on the ground, consisting of fine sand, and on dense clay layers. A drill is used to drill holes for a well.
In addition, TISE piles provide a high degree of seismic isolation in those areas where there is an increased level of seismological activity.
Driving piles is possible even in permafrost conditions, the design of products allows them to maintain their properties even in extreme conditions.
The device of such a foundation is different in that the design completely absorbs all vibrations affecting the house. obvious:
- Versatility and applicability to buildings of any type;
- The possibility of erection on soils, under which there can be any level of groundwater;
- The possibility of building a house on heaving soils;
- Use as a seismic isolation material;
- Possibility of laying at any depth, regardless of the degree of soil freezing.
How to make a TISE drill?
The main difficulty in carrying out work related to the formation of a foundation of this type lies in the formation of a special expansion having the shape of a hemisphere.
You need a special device - a drill. It can be made without much difficulty from a conventional circular saw. To do this, it is cut into two parts, and then welded to the tip at the desired angle of inclination to the horizontal surface.
The result is two cutting edges that are diametrically opposed. The drill is supplied with a drive, which has a cylindrical shape.
This part can be made of metal. In order to create a drill, you can use a piece of water pipe with a diameter of 25-30 cm.
The drill will cut the edges and the earth will be easily brought to the surface. The easiest and most inexpensive way to make a drill for TISE piles is based on sequential welding of small pieces of pipe throughout the entire length of the drill rod.
A metal rod can move along these tubes. A loop is welded to the end of the rod, to which a strip of metal is attached.
This strip will subsequently serve as a cutting edge. Another loop must be welded to its middle, and a third loop to the end of the moving rod.
A metal rod should be welded on the segment between the second and third loops. In the case when the bar rises up, the plate equipped with the blade will lean against the bar and gradually deviate in a vertical plane.
Features of installation of the foundation and piles TISE
In order to properly build a foundation using TISE piles, a number of mandatory conditions must be strictly observed. The installation of piles is carried out in such a way that the base is located below the freezing mark of the soil.
All work related to the expansion of the pile base is carried out in accordance with building codes, while mandatory reinforcement and subsequent tamping of the concrete layers with which the structure is poured are necessarily performed.
It should be borne in mind that the distance from the ground to the grillage should be 10-15 cm. First, the contour is marked. When carrying out such work, you can not do without:
- Pegs;
- Reek;
- Carrying boards;
- Metal tape measure;
- Construction bubble level.
In addition, the following rules must be observed:
- Equality of diagonals of a rectangle.
- The aspect ratio principle is 3:4:5.
- The Pythagorean theorem.
Expansion and drilling of a well
In those places where it is planned to drill a well, holes are dug under the piles with a depth of 8-12 centimeters, after which the drilling process begins.
It is produced with the participation of a special TISE drill. At the same time, the depth level is regulated using a rod, and the soil is taken and its subsequent loosening is carried out using a soil lifter.
In order to optimize the drilling process, it is necessary to prepare five or six wells, and then expand them sequentially.
Thanks to this sequence of actions, the time required to re-equip the drill will be significantly reduced.
In order for drilling to be easy, approximately 5 buckets of water should be poured into the well in the evening. In the morning, this will greatly facilitate the expansion process.
When drilling expansion, the rod must be constantly rotated. To do this, a folding shovel is put on it and, with the help of a hairpin, is attached to the soil lifter. The scapula itself rises with the help of a cord, and its lowering is carried out under the action of its own weight.
Pile reinforcement
In most cases, bored-type piles are used, and screw and bored-injection reinforced concrete products are also often included.
When carrying out reinforcement, the strength characteristics of products increase significantly. After the reinforcing bars are poured with concrete, reinforced concrete piles are formed, along with this, the reliability of the entire structure increases.
To create a concrete solution, cement grade M300 is used. The diameter of the reinforcement is 10-12 millimeters, if it is planned to create a tape grillage, then the diameter indicator should be increased.
Roofing material is used to form the formwork. Reinforcement of piles is carried out using lattice structures, where the section has the shape of a square, circle, rectangle or polyhedron.
Along with the creation of the main frame, it is necessary to build a reinforcing cage designed for the grillage. After that, the roofing material is lowered into the well with such an inclination that it forms a pipe.
A prefabricated reinforcing cage is installed in this pipe. Pouring concrete solution into the well is carried out in several stages.
First, a small part of the entire solution is poured in, then you need to carefully lower the deep vibrator and compact the concrete layer. All the above actions are repeated a number of times.
Concrete grillage
In the TISE foundation, the grillage is used to tie up the piles and evenly distribute the load level between them.
Due to the fact that the soil does not come into contact with the tape anywhere, heaving of the foundation is excluded. After the pouring of two adjacent piles, the concreting of the strip foundation begins.
The formwork is mounted with a focus on TISE technology. In the installed formwork, waterproofing is placed, which is made using polyethylene film, roofing felt or glassine. The grillage is waterproofed in order to avoid the impregnation of sand with concrete.
There are no related posts.
The Technology of Individual Construction and Ecology (TISE) is patented in Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, has its own protective hologram and trademark. The author of the methodology, R. Yakovlev, created it in such a way that all operations will be performed in TISE with his own hands, but with a special tool, which are covered by his copyright.
The essence of the foundation of TISE is the device of the grillage of the house along the heads of the pillars, which have a broadening of the sole. Therefore, some individual developers consider them piles, since wells are drilled by analogy with bored structures. However, the depth of the supports of the columnar foundation is always less; there are no broadenings on piles.
The creator of TISE technology laid a columnar grillage in it in order to exclude the effect of heaving forces on the foundation:
- deepening of piles below the seasonal freezing of the region;
- small area of contact with the ground of the side surface of the racks;
- replacement of heaving soil with crushed stone in the building spot and beyond its perimeter by 1.5 - 2 m, if necessary.
Yakovlev received a patent for the original design of the TISE foundation, combining the advantages of piles and pillars:
- in the classical way, it is possible to make pillars with a widening of the heel by drilling a hole of a larger diameter, filling the sole and installing a smaller tubular formwork on it;
A column with a broadening of the heel in a well of obviously larger diameter.
- however, in this case, it will be necessary to fill the sinuses of the well with non-metallic material, creating with your own hands a man-made zone with high drainage properties, in which perched water will inevitably accumulate, and the calculated resistance of the soil adjacent to the pile body and, accordingly, the bearing capacity of the structure will sharply decrease;
- when using a typical pile without widening the sole, it will be necessary to increase the depth, since the reinforced concrete post must rest on the bearing layer, which is usually located much deeper than 2 m, which is already enough to pass the freezing mark and exclude the buoyancy forces of clay soils from below the sole;
At the same time, vertical reinforcement is preserved inside the rack, therefore, calculations of the bearing capacity show that a one-story frame house may well rely on 2-3 TISE racks. This provides a multiple margin of safety for the building.
The only problem when choosing a technology for building a house is the lack of equipment that can expand the bottom hole. The original TISE drill costs from 3.5 - 5 thousand, depending on the diameter, many individual developers prefer to save money and construct from improvised materials.
Original TISE drill designed by Yakovlev.
Site preparation
Pile and column grillages allow you to do without planning the territory. However, it will be necessary to demolish buildings and foundations that interfere with the construction of dwellings, uproot stumps and trees, the roots of which are dangerous for underground structures.
If the house is planned on an undermined area (a fresh embankment prone to soil subsidence), you can replace part of the soil with crushed stone or other non-metallic material. But, for piles, wall drainage and insulation of the blind area, foundation are not needed.
markup
Since the house rests on a columnar hanging grillage, it is necessary to bring three axes to the building spot for each load-bearing wall:
- in the center of the piles - to drill wells;
- along the outer and inner edges of the grillage - for the installation of formwork panels.
In a foundation with a grillage, the amount of excavation is minimal, site planning is required only on a complex landscape in order to correct large relief differences. However, a prudent owner can remove the entire fertile layer (usually 0.4 m deep) to use it in beds or in landscape design. In any case, it is done in stages:
- cast-offs are made (2 pieces for each wall) - vertical rack-pegs with a horizontal bar;
- cast-offs are mounted 1.5 m from the corners of the building - horizontal strips are aligned at a single level, 3 cords are attached to each of them, which can be removed at any time, then installed back according to the marks.
Installation of cast-offs for the foundation of TISE.
The main façade is usually parallel to or at right angles to the street. After marking the building spot, it is necessary to measure the diagonals and achieve their complete coincidence with each other.
Important! The length of the cast-off posts should ensure the location of the horizontal crossbar 2–5 cm above the design mark of the upper face of the grillage. The length of the jumper is 10 cm longer than the width of the grillage.
This is necessary to fix the cast-offs once, and to be able to pull the cord repeatedly.
Well manufacturing
With a significant margin of safety of the foundation, it becomes possible to adjust the location of an individual pile in each row. For example, if a stone is encountered during drilling, the hole in the ground can be moved in a convenient direction without a general loss in the bearing capacity of the foundation of the house. The sequence of operations is as follows:
- leader holes - the creator of the method recommends making pits to a depth of 0.2 - 0.4 m with a bayonet shovel to immerse the drilling bit in its entirety;
- drilling - the plow is removed from the tool or fixed in a vertical position with a special stopper, after 2 - 5 rotations of the drill clockwise, depending on the composition of the soil, the receiver is filled with rock, it is removed and the earth is shaken to the surface;
- widening of the heel - when the design mark is reached, the plow is released at the face, the rotation is performed without vertical pressure, the knife crumbles the rock in a dome-like manner, the tool is periodically pulled out to the surface for shaking.
The technology of drilling a well with widening at the bottom.
The depth of the well is controlled by the length of the rod and additional extension pipes. The vertical is controlled by a bubble level, which is especially important on slopes. It is recommended to spill hard rocks with water, and crush large stones to a fraction of 5 cm, which the drill can handle on its own - they fit into the hole to capture the soil.
Advice! When manufacturing a dome-shaped broadening, the direction of rotation cannot be changed. For light buildings, 40 - 50 cm is enough; for heavy cottages, you should use all the capabilities of the drill and make a broadening of 60 cm.
When passing hard rocks, you can tilt the bar alternately in different directions or use a drill with a smaller plow diameter first.
Formwork and reinforcement
In order for the house to receive the maximum possible resource, according to the technologies given in. It is not allowed to use scraps of rolled metal (pipe, I-beam, channel), chain-link mesh and sheet iron. Piles must have:
- vertical reinforcement - rods of a periodic profile ("corrugated") with a thickness of 8 - 14 mm, protruding above the edge of the formwork by 40 cm;
- transverse reinforcement - frames made of smooth reinforcing bars with a diameter of 6 - 8 mm square or ring shape with a vertical frequency of 40 - 60 cm.
The vertical bars will later be bent at a right angle at the level of the lower and upper armo-belts of the grillage, and tied to them with wire twists. When placing reinforcement inside concrete, it is necessary to take care of a protective layer that will prevent metal corrosion when the structural material gets wet.
Therefore, the formwork is first installed in the well, and then reinforcing cages are mounted, on the rods of which plastic washers are attached to prevent contact of the metal with the inner wall of the formwork.
Foundation piles are cast in several types of formwork, depending on the construction budget:
- roofing felt - a piece of the desired length is cut off from the roll, twisted into a cylinder, the edges are fastened with a stapler, then the formwork is wrapped with knitting wire;
- asbestos-cement pipe - adds rigidity to the structure, but is not a waterproofing material, can be destroyed in groundwater;
- polymer pipe - more often polyethylene that is not afraid of solar ultraviolet radiation, less often PVC red sewer pipe for outdoor work.
Important! Manufacturers of polymer pipes produce a limited number of diameters, which must be taken into account when designing a columnar foundation and clarify the availability of the required assortment on the construction markets of the region.
The height of the formwork should be slightly higher than the sole of the grillage, but below its lower armored belt. Usually pile-racks are launched into the body of the grillage by 5 - 7 cm.
Concrete laying and maintenance
Due to the small diameter of the formwork, it is very difficult to lay the mixture into it - the concrete partially spills out. Problems are added by the vertical reinforcement of the pile of the foundation of the house, the protruding bars of the frame do not allow the installation of a funnel. Therefore, a funnel can be built from a piece of roofing material or cardboard in place, connecting the edges with wire or staples. The main points at this stage are:
- half filling the formwork with concrete;
- compaction with the tip of a deep vibrator;
- pouring to the design level;
- re-sealing with the same tool or bayoneting with a rebar.
To make the house durable, concrete care is necessary in the first three days:
- backfilling a column that begins to solidify with sand or sawdust;
- moisturizing with a watering can as needed.
It is impossible to cover the upper faces of the racks with a film, as this is prevented by reinforcing cages.
If the house has a basement, the piles can be moved apart to install gates and doors. Above the foundations with grillage, only ceilings on beams or from factory-made PC slabs are used. It is impossible to fill the floor on the ground. Therefore, on the outer walls, the load from the beams is less, since the beams rest on them at one end. For internal walls, it is advisable to reduce the step between the posts, since two beams lie on them at once.
Location of TISE piles
grillage formwork
To reduce the time of work of the zero cycle, the grillage formwork is started immediately after the concreting of the supports. To do this, the side cords are again pulled on the cast-offs, the middle string is not needed, as it will interfere with the leveling of the concrete mirror with a trowel or trowel.
Formwork technology for hanging grillage is as follows:
- deck manufacturing - they are knocked together from edged boards or constructed from plywood, OSB, wrapped in polyethylene so that these materials can be reused in partitions, truss systems or battens;
- installation of decks - holes for piles are made in the shields, then they are put on the bodies of underground structures sticking out of the ground, fixed at a given level by H-shaped racks with a frequency of 0.5 - 0.7 m;
Installation on the racks of the lower deck grillage.
- side formwork - since the cords are stretched above the design mark in a single horizontal level, vertical panels are installed flush with them, fixed on the lower deck with self-tapping screws;
Important! At this stage, it is not necessary to tighten the side shields with studs and fasten the internal struts. These operations are performed after laying the reinforcing cages.
Unlike MZLF, the height of the grillage is usually less. Therefore, inside it it is forbidden to manufacture ventilation products and communication input units that weaken the foundation structure.
The lower formwork shield can be replaced with the following structures:
- a layer of non-metallic material - usually sand 0.2 - 0.4 m thick with a compaction of 10 cm layers with a vibrating plate (it is not necessary to spill water, but it is necessary to moisten it from a watering can);
- extruded polystyrene foam - additionally insulates the structure, but is expensive;
Non-removable polystyrene lower deck grillage.
The sand is covered with a waterproofing material, which excludes leakage of cement milk into a layer with high drainage characteristics. After the grillage has gained strength, the material is removed from under it with shovels so that when the clay soil under it swells, the grillage is not torn off from the racks, on which the heaving forces do not act due to the small contact surface of the side walls.
Expanded polystyrene is a non-removable formwork, so it is necessary to choose a low-density PSB material. If swelling occurs, the soils will crush the insulation sheets without causing damage to the grillage. In the spring, the heaving will disappear, the material will return to its original position until the next frost.
Beam reinforcement
The grillage device on a columnar foundation allows you to distribute uneven loads of individual sections of the building (partitions, concentration of furniture and equipment). Unlike a strip foundation, the grillage should not have contact with the soil so that it is not torn off the pillars. The grillages are reinforced with frames reinforced at the joints of the walls with L-shaped or U-shaped anchors according to the technology:
- vertical rods of racks are bent at right angles - part at the level of the lower belt, the other - at the level of the upper belt;
- frames are laid inside the formwork, in which longitudinal bars of corrugated reinforcement with a diameter of 8–12 mm are tied with transverse and vertical jumpers or rectangular clamps bent from reinforcement of smooth 6–8 mm thickness;
- the outer corners are anchored with U-shaped or L-shaped elements, it is strictly forbidden to overlap the bars of adjacent walls, as this is a break in the reinforcement;
- to provide a protective layer, the frames are laid on the lower deck through polymer or concrete pads.
If necessary (for example, for log cabins and timber buildings), embedded elements (bolts, studs) are additionally installed.
Concreting and care
The grillage device is much simpler than a strip foundation, so the entire formwork is filled with a mixture in a circle. After that, the concrete is compacted with a bayonet or a nozzle of a deep vibrator. The air must come out of the mixture completely, cement milk is formed on the surface and all the rubble stones are sunk into the thickness of the concrete.
Standard care - the surface must be covered with a film from excessive dehydration or a wet compress should be provided in the first 3 days with sawdust watered from a watering can.
Waterproofing
Regardless of the soil on the site, the accessible surfaces of all reinforced concrete foundation structures should be protected with waterproofing material:
- built-up roll with a bituminous layer;
- painting from epoxy, polymeric or bituminous mastic;
- plaster from special waterproof mixtures;
Under severe geological conditions (clay or wet soil), this will provide protection from getting wet, the foundation will last longer.
Pickup grillage
The default hanging grillage device provides an underground in the house, which should be protected from excessive blowing, animal access and moisture accumulation. This space is not a full-fledged basement, but, for example, on the slopes it can be made exploitable by making a gate or a door in the fence.
Plinth siding, brickwork or sheet materials pasted over with flexible tiles. To do this, you need to make runs along the vertical elements of the foundation and fix the cladding on them, leaving ventilation ducts measuring 1/400 from the perimeter of the underground.
The perimeter of the building is a vulnerable point for the collection of storm and melt water. To protect the foundation elements from getting wet, a blind area is used:
- it must be attached to the pick-up through a damper tape;
- make a width of 10 cm more than the overhangs of the roof;
- give a slope of 4 - 7 degrees outward;
- install storm water inlets for roof drain pipes and storm drains into the outer perimeter.
Scheme of the foundation blind area using TISE technology.
Thus, the foundation of TISE has practically no restrictions on the geological conditions and topography of the site, wall materials of the cottage. The design is available for manufacturing on our own, but only with a special TISE drill with a folding plow.
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The TISE foundation costs two to three times cheaper than other options, and the low cost in no way affects its quality and safety.
Individual construction in the country is developing rapidly. Developers with a good cash reserve are building under their houses, caring only about their reliability - they care little about the cost of this enterprise.
Another thing is people with modest abilities. They have to carefully calculate the costs at each stage of construction. It is for this category of developers that TISE has developed a unique technology that allows you to build an inexpensive but reliable foundation for housing.
So, what is the foundation of TISE? This is a pile-tape structure, consisting of reinforced concrete supports and a reinforced concrete grillage ().
The peculiarity of this design lies in the shape of the pile: in its lower part there is a hemispherical expansion. This form of support helps to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation and prevents it from being squeezed out on heaving soils.
TISE piles equally well carry the load from heavy stone and light frame houses (), without shrinking.
The task of the grillage is to connect all the supports into a single structure. It does not contact the ground, evenly distributing the load from the house between the piles.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the foundation type TISE include:
- low cost;
- no need to involve heavy construction equipment;
- autonomy of work during construction: to perform technological operations, it is not required to connect to;
- high speed of erection and minimum labor costs;
- the possibility of self-construction by individual developers who do not have experience and special skills;
- ease of supplying engineering communications even at a fully built facility.
Disadvantages of TISE foundation technology:
- this method of construction cannot be used in swampy areas, watered and silty soils;
- the use of only manual labor: the construction process is greatly complicated because of this on stony and hard soils. True, now they have begun to produce TISE drills with a mechanical drive, powered by a light gasoline engine;
- there is no way to arrange a basement under the whole house;
- a blind area of increased width is required.
The above disadvantages of the TISE foundation are offset by the advantages, so this technology can be considered the most economical and progressive for private construction.
The main and only working tool that you will need when building a foundation using TISE technology with your own hands is the TISE-F drill.
Structurally, it is made in the form of a sliding rod, equipped with two handles and cutting edges. Its mass is only 7.5 kg. The tool is equipped with cutters and a locking mechanism. The plow is raised by means of a cord, one of the ends of which is attached to the crossbar.
The bar can be extended to any length using a threaded lock. It also transmits torque.
The plow is mounted on a movable bracket between the drill and the bar. They release it at the level of drilling where it is planned to expand the TICE pile. The body of the drill plays the role of the soil accumulator.
Drilling technology
Drilling using the TISE foundation technology consists of several simple operations:
- Pile marking is in progress.
- Sod is removed in places of drilling.
- Exactly in the center of the future pile, a hole is dug with a diameter equal to the diameter of the drill and a depth of 0.15 m. This operation can be performed using a shovel or a special device included in the drill kit.
- The plow is removed from the bar, and a handle is installed on its upper part.
- The initial length of the rod is set (for this, three holes are provided in its body).
- The kit also includes an extension cord. If it needs to be used, it is installed on the bar instead of the handle. The latter is transferred to the end of the extension.
- During the drilling process, the soil is collected in a container. As it fills up, the drive is lifted and freed from the ground.
Piles using TISE technology have a small diameter, so it is necessary to carefully control the verticality of the well: concrete does not work well in bending, and in case of deviation from the normal during operation, it may burst.
After reaching the design mark, the well is expanded in its lower part.
It is done like this:
- two bolts on the container are unscrewed;
- the plow is installed and fixed: first read the instructions for the drill. There you will see that there are three installation positions for this part - depending on the size of the extension (400, 500, 600 mm);
- a cord is attached to the bracket (crossbar), through which the plow is raised to the transport position;
- after the plow is lowered into the well, the cord is released - the tool takes up the working position;
- the drill turns counterclockwise, cutting a hemisphere in the ground.
It is more convenient to build TISE piles with a partner.
Foundation calculation
Before embarking on practical work, you need to find out: how many supports can withstand the load from your building.
The calculation of the foundation using TISE technology is performed according to the classical scheme:
- the total load from the building is calculated (it is the sum of the weight of all building materials, wind and snow loads);
- the bearing capacity of one bored pile is determined: it is better to entrust this part of the calculation to specialists, for example, from the architectural department of the city administration. They will ask you for the cadastral number of your site, in the register they will clarify the data of geological surveys in this area - and, using just one formula, they will quickly make a calculation;
- divide the load by the bearing capacity of the pile - and you will determine their number.
Now it remains for you to place the supports on the foundation plan. The placement of piles should be started from the corners of the building and the intersections of the walls. Distribute the remaining supports evenly around the entire perimeter of the foundation. After that, you will have to make the markup on the ground.
Pile pouring
For pouring supports, concrete grade M300 () is used. Fraction of crushed stone - no more than 25 mm.
Install four A-4 reinforcing bars with a diameter of 14 mm along the axes of the well. Their length should exceed the depth of the hole by 15-20 cm. After that, pour the concrete into the well, periodically compacting it with a deep vibrator. If you do not have such equipment, use a long stick. The purpose of the operation is to exclude the possibility of formation of voids in the concrete mass.
Immediately after pouring, the pile head is concreted. As you can use a plastic pipe of large diameter.
Grill device rules
When building a foundation using TISE technology, one should not make too high a grillage. A massive monolith will become an additional load on the piles and on the developer's wallet.
A technically unjustified increase in the consumption of expensive concrete will negate the main advantage of the TISE pile-grillage foundation - low cost. The width of the reinforced concrete belt must correspond to the thickness of the wall. If in the future you plan to overlay the house with bricks, take this into account when determining the width of the grillage.
Before installing the formwork, make a cast-off - use cords to mark all the axes of the future structure (). It is imperative to do this because when drilling and pouring pile supports, it is difficult to maintain their exact location along the axes. But the grillage must be made in compliance with the perpendicularity and parallelism of all its sides. Otherwise, the walls of the house will stand up at random.
The grillage is reinforced at the bottom. The reinforcing mesh must be connected to the rods released from the pile heads. Pouring should be done at one time - there should be no seams in the body of reinforced concrete.
Video about the foundation of TISE.
The construction of any house begins with the laying of its foundation. The choice of material, foundation design becomes the most important operation at the beginning of work. The whole course of further construction, the quality and durability of the erected building will depend on the decision made. One of the promising areas for the installation of a reliable, simple, inexpensive foundation for a house is considered to be TISE technology. The author of the idea was the Russian designer R. Yakovlev, who solved the problem of creating such a design. The main condition in the development of this method is to enable a wide range of developers to get a decent result while building their own house at the lowest cost, without losing quality.
Features of the TISE foundation
The technology is based on the idea of using the pile method of building a structure with your own hands. The difference from the traditional method is that a special drill is used in construction, which, upon reaching a given depth, is able to form an expanding contour at the bottom of the well. During the subsequent pouring with concrete, a kind of pillow is formed there, which increases the area of \u200b\u200bsupport. This technology has not been used before. It was possible to expand the support area only with the help of full-fledged earthworks. This method allows you to form the desired configuration of the well during drilling, thereby increasing the stability, strength and reliability of the pile installed in it. As in any business, there are pros and cons, but the foundation of TISE, the technology of its installation definitely deserve attention.
Advantages
An undoubted achievement in the development of the technology was that, at a low cost for the purchase of equipment, the user receives an excellent tool for creating a high-quality base for the house with his own hands, avoiding significant expenses. There is no need to bear the following costs:
- Buy extra stuff.
- Attract expensive special equipment to perform certain operations.
- Pay for the work of specialists in the construction of the foundation.
The equipment can be delivered in the optimal configuration required for a particular case. All operations can be done by hand without special construction skills. The cost of purchasing the tool is more than paid off. There is also a high speed of work. The unique technology allows you to significantly save material. Only the supporting base of the filler pile is thickened. Its bearing part along the main length is designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. The ratio of costs to results is considered the most profitable. The construction of a foundation using TISE technology is recognized as the most economical way to prepare the foundation for building a house. It has a TISE foundation and disadvantages. However, the advantages of the method do not give grounds to assert that they are critical.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer foundation repair and design services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Flaws
The prospects for technology are obvious. The advantages overlap the disadvantages, but in some cases there are reasons why there are reasons not to use the TISE foundation in the construction of a particular house. The disadvantages most often noted are the following:
- Inability to apply the technology in areas with high groundwater levels. Where the soil is silty, too stony, with dense rock layers.
- Labor intensity. A simple, cheap drill has a mechanical drive. It is necessary to show remarkable physical abilities, especially in heavy soils at the stage of opening the knife for trimming the cone base. Manufacturers today offer to equip a manual device with an additional drive. At the same time, the price of equipment increases several times.
- The developer may be stopped by the inability to equip a full-fledged basement under the house. In this case, its construction can cost even more than when building a house using traditional technologies.
- In order to avoid critical moisture of the supporting structure, it is recommended to make a blind area of sufficient width to protect the foundation.
All restrictions, one way or another, relate to the quality of the soil, but having such a plot, the owner will probably spend more money when building the foundation in the usual way. If the soil for construction is of satisfactory quality, then it makes sense to pay attention to the foundation using TISE technology. The advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages.
Video description
A detailed review from the owner of the house on the foundation of TISE is in this video:
Equipment for TISE technology
You can find a tool for performing work according to this technique in construction markets, in specialized stores and on network sites. Two types of drills are offered - TISE - F and TISE - FM, each of which has three working diameters - 200, 250, 300 mm. The first type has one drilling blade. The second, more productive, - two. It doesn't cost much more. Both types are successfully used both for the construction of the foundation, and for some agricultural work on the site. The larger the diameter, the more weight the structure can withstand. A pile of 200 mm has a base of 500 mm. Support 300mm - 600mm. It is easy to calculate how economical the application of this method is. The area of a circle of 300 mm is approximately 70700 mm 2 . If the base has a value of 600 mm, that figure increases to 282800 mm 2. In practice, doubling the diameter increases the area by 4 times.
Standard equipment
The manufacturer offers a ready-to-use tool. The main product consists of the following elements:
- Handle for rotation.
- Rod set. The main and additional section, which allows you to adjust the depth of drilling.
- Ground lift. With its help, the collected soil rises to the top.
- Drill with a folding mechanism for the production of expansion.
The basic set can be supplemented with a cover, spare parts and formwork elements. With the help of TISE equipment, all issues of foundation construction are solved. The possible depth of the well is 2.3 m when expanding at the base. Without the last operation, you can create a hole up to 3 m. The drill is made according to a special technology and is washed in a telescopic rod after the plow passes. Upon reaching a predetermined depth, the cutting part extends, which performs expansion. The collection mechanism allows you to effectively deliver the waste soil to the surface. Recently, the demand for an additional drive has increased. Many sellers offer to complete the device with a gasoline engine, which significantly reduces labor intensity. The costs are paid off by the speed of the operation, less fatigue of the performer and do not significantly reduce the economic benefits when using TISE technology.
Walkthrough
Since the technology is primarily intended for a wide range of developers who want to independently perform this operation, attention should be paid to the procedure for carrying out work and the requirements for each stage. The main difference from the usual way of installing the foundation is the configuration that the TISE pile has. Focusing on the method of obtaining its desired shape, one should not forget about general construction requirements. The order of operations is as follows:
- Soil analysis.
- Territory marking.
- Installation of beacons horizontally above each pile location.
- Drilling a well to the desired depth.
- Expansion of the hole in the base.
- Removal of soil and control of the operation performed.
- Reinforcement installation.
- Filling the hole under the pile with concrete.
- Production of the foundation, grillage.
The technology allows you to install piles on any landscape. The construction of a conventional foundation is always associated with serious earthworks. Site leveling, vegetation removal. It is not necessary to do this when using TISE technology. When drilling, it is important to observe the vertical direction. To control the position, you can use a regular plumb line. The smaller the deviation, the more reliable the pile will be. In the working position, the blade, which carries out the expansion, is brought by means of a cord (cable). The auger mechanism of the soil lifter must be periodically cleaned by lifting the device. The container fills up quickly. Empirically calculate the time of unloading the breed. When the lift is full, the drill does not work. The work will be idle.
Features of pouring wells with concrete
Structures must be strengthened. Armature is prepared in advance. The length is calculated in such a way that it is possible to make high-quality knitting with a grillage. In some cases, it is reasonable to produce metal rods with a margin. So it will be easier to make horizontal level marks, after which the excess is cut off with a grinder. It is not recommended to use cement grades below the 400th. The proportions of sand, crushed stone are standard, used when mixing the solution for load-bearing structures. 1 part cement to 3-4 parts filling.
Foundation manufacturing
- Strip foundation - from ready-made slabs, poured concrete supported on the ground. For this, a trench is run along the perimeter. A pillow of crushed stone and sand is being prepared. Then the formwork is installed, into which the concrete mixture is poured.
- The second option is to install an independent support system mounted on piles. Such a supporting structure is called a grillage. With proper calculation and high-quality performance, the load on the piles is distributed evenly. The structure is mounted on a grillage piping and has weight restrictions. An excellent option for frame houses and buildings from SIP panels.
Foundation calculation
At this stage, it is important to find the correct location of the piles, to calculate their total number. The maximum distance between units is 3 m. When marking the territory on a scale, the projection of the internal walls is determined. A pile must also be installed at the places of their interface with the bearing facade part. To facilitate the calculation, experienced craftsmen use the following formula - the average weight per 1 m 2 of the finished house is the following values depending on the material of manufacture:
- buildings made of bricks and blocks - 2400 kg:
- foam concrete, aerated concrete - 2000 kg;
- frame, wooden houses no more than 1800 kg.
The bearing capacity of a pile with a diameter of 250 mm using TISE technology varies depending on the soil from 1.5 to 5 tons. An accurate calculation can only be done by a highly qualified specialist. But the above information may be enough to, using these values, independently design the foundation according to the minimum indicators. A frame house with an area of 100 m 2 during construction on loose soil must be erected on piles in an amount approaching 100. They are distributed as evenly as possible around the entire perimeter and projection of the walls inside the building. If the soil is reliable, then the number of piles can be safely halved. The given examples are given for the option when the foundation of TISE with a grillage is performed. The supporting foundations require fewer piles. A strip foundation, a structure made of concrete beams, slabs buried in the soil, takes on part of the mass of the house.
Comparative characteristics of the estimated cost of TISE technology with other methods of foundation construction
This method is successfully taking root in the construction services market. Many companies offer to perform work on this technology. The average cost of 1 running meter of the TISE foundation is from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles, taking into account the cost of the material. By doing this work yourself, you can cut costs by about half. The benefit is obvious. An even greater difference is found when compared with traditional types of foundation. The cost of 1 running meter of a capital base made using conventional technology can reach 10,000 rubles and more. In some cases, the costs may differ significantly, up to 4 times. With a limited budget, the TISE pile foundation will be an excellent alternative to traditional technologies. The money saved can be spent on more expensive, high-quality finishing materials or reduce the total estimated cost of the object. A sensible advantage that cannot be ignored.
