Instruction

There are many ready-made projects made by specialists, taking into account all possible requirements. But a good plan costs good money. If you have some engineering knowledge, you can try to make a plan for your house yourself.

Start designing a house with land exploration. This will help you find out accurate data about the properties of soils, about the height of groundwater, which is necessary when planning the foundation and basement. These works should be carried out late or early, when the groundwater level is as high as possible.

After receiving the conclusion of engineering and geological studies, you can plan the possibility of building a basement - if the groundwater level is too high, building a basement can increase the value of a house by 30 percent or more. Perhaps, with a sufficient area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe land, an additional room is more appropriate instead of a basement.

Starting from the type and height of the foundation, decide on the type of material from which the house will be made, and proceed to the design of the house itself and the drawings. It is more economical and efficient to do a simple project at home. The more bends of the walls - the greater will be the cost of the project. The same applies to the house. In addition, a complex-shaped roof is less reliable, since the more bends and joints, the greater the likelihood that a leak may form in these places over time.

For greater energy efficiency, plan non-residential premises (bathrooms, utility rooms) on the north side of the house, and residential premises on the other sides. Remember that the location and size of windows and thermal insulation materials also affect the energy consumption of the future home.

Related videos

Sources:

• how to build a house house plans

To develop a project, you need to come up with a business idea (concept), and then calculate it. The latter refers not only to profitability, but also to reality: how vital the developed concept is, whether it will resonate with the target audience, what motives customers (customers, buyers) will have.

You will need

• - computer
• - telephone
• - marketing research results

Instruction

After you have drawn the plan, install the . The entire building must be specified. You also need to show the binding of each partition, door and window. Take the scale of the plan 1:100, i.e. 1 meter is actually 10 mm on the drawing. If this scale is not suitable due to the dimensions of the building, you can take a scale of 1:50 or 1:200. Sign the finished plan ("Plan of the 1st floor"). Make an explication, which is a table of 3 columns (1 - explication number, 2 - name of the room, 3 - area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room). Place all this on a sheet with a frame and a stamp.

Helpful advice

If you are unable to draw a project yourself, then you should contact the experts.

Sources:

• how to draw a house plan

Many people dream of their own individual residential building, and it is all the more pleasant when these dreams begin to come true. When you have purchased a plot of land, before inviting builders, you need to make a house project. If it's a single family home, you can design it yourself.

Urban planning legislation

Prior to 2004, obtaining a building permit for a residential building required a project completed by a licensed professional design architect. With the entry into force of the new Town Planning Code, this requirement has been abolished, and if you plan to build a residential building for your family no higher than 3 floors, it is not necessary to order an expensive project from certified designers.

But building without a project is also impossible, because only having a design solution in your hands will you be able to estimate the cost of construction, purchase the required amount of materials and explain to the builders what you want from them.

My own designer

Now that there is a computer in almost every home, there is no point in drawing the project and floor plans on paper. To make a house project from scratch, you can use specialized software and create a three-dimensional model of your future home as close to reality as possible. Modern software products designed for non-professional architects allow solving quite professional tasks. With their help, you can not only construct an architectural structure, “tying” it to the situation and terrain, but also develop the internal layout and design of all premises.

To design a house taking into account the terrain, you will need a topographic survey of your land plot at a scale of 1:500 in electronic or raster form. Using it, you can make a three-dimensional model of the area and choose the best place for a residential building and outbuildings on it, as well as design landscape design solutions.

Software products for the design of residential buildings

The developers offer a wide range of products that will allow you to bring your architectural and design ideas to life. They certainly differ in price and functionality. For a novice user, we can advise the basic version of the VisiCon package, as well as the programs "Design Studio 3D Home 3.0" and "ArCon Home & Landscape". They have a low price, convenient, intuitive Russified interface.

Those users who consider themselves advanced and, in addition, speak English, will like the FloorPlan 3D and Punch Professional Home Design Suite Platinum software products with enhanced functionality. The latter is especially attractive because you can immediately design engineering communications, both internal and external.

A cottage or a country house provides an opportunity to translate all the customer's ideas about what a modern house located outside the city should be into the required documentation, which will be required for coordination and the construction process itself.

The project of the house should be ordered to professionals, as they have the necessary professional skills. It is important to know that such a service is quite expensive in terms of cost, but at the same time the price is with all the positive factors that the project can only guarantee.

The main components of the country house project

Any project of a country house contains not only an architectural section, but also one that determines some of the functional and visual characteristics of the building. There is a special constructive section through which you can estimate the cost of the future construction process. A similar section contains information on the specification of all materials used. This will make it possible to draw up an estimate for the construction of a country house, as well as effectively avoid various unjustified waste from contractors. A large number of ready-made projects of country houses also includes a special section. It contains diagrams for connecting heating, sewerage, water supply and electrical equipment.

Benefits of drafting a project

Ready-made standard house designs provide an opportunity to save money and time, and are also an excellent opportunity to get a proven, high-quality solution. Typical projects cost an order of magnitude lower than those created by individual orders.

To get a project of a country house, you can visit the electronic resource of a company that is engaged in similar work. Usually on the pages of the catalog there is a huge number of various projects of different sizes. The proposed options are able to satisfy the most demanding requirements of the customer, if necessary, you can make certain changes to the finished project. As a result, you can get the perfect country house, which will have an attractive appearance and perfect functionality. It is for this reason that it is worth not saving, but seeking help from professionals who will draw up an ideal project for a country house.

Related videos

In this article, we will introduce you to several options for designing a private house. These designers will allow you to create a graphic sketch of the living space yourself, gradually ennobling the surrounding area with elements of landscape design, “attaching” a bathhouse, a garage, a gazebo and modeling an interior that fully meets your needs. For those who want to do everything to the maximum with their own hands: both build and design.

Become the architect of your own home with our free private home design software, which can be used to create projects for each room individually, as well as for the entire site. Let's try to start our virtual construction.

Programs for designing houses

There is no need to tell FORUMHOUSE users how important a detailed design (with relevant drawings and calculations) is during the construction of a private house. Its importance is clear to everyone. But not everyone understands that for construction it is necessary to do an architectural design project at home.

Mastering 3d, creating a virtual 3D model of the future individual housing in the online constructor, you decide to build it with your own hands from beginning to end. Moreover, you work through all the stages of construction not in reality, but in a computer program, taking into account all the dimensions of the construction object with an accuracy of up to a millimeter. Programs for building houses allow you to identify all inconsistencies at the design stage. You will be able to design a project and understand in time that somewhere it is necessary to increase the flight of stairs by 100 mm or just move the window opening a little to the side in the next room. In practice, everything will be created a little differently than it was originally intended. But modern software, which is able to take into account the thickness of each plank, will model the object in advance so that after construction you do not have to correct mistakes by redoing part of the work done.

Today we will present to your attention a description of several free house modeling programs that allow you to create ready-made 3D models of houses and plots, conduct a quantitative calculation of building materials, and even make construction estimates.

First, let me give you a few tips to help you choose free software:

1. The lack of a Russian version of the selected software makes it very difficult to study its functionality and further work with the program. Therefore, if you are not familiar with foreign terminology, then obviously choose a program in Russian;
2. Before you download the program, familiarize yourself with the level of its complexity and how convenient its interface is to use. Try to use feedback from people who have experience with the chosen software;
3. Immediately identify your needs and need for 3D imaging. If you want to see everything in volume, then choose software with the appropriate functionality.

The presence of detailed simple instructions and videos on working with the selected software will significantly save time on studying it. Ideally, reference materials should come with a downloadable version of the software.

ArchiCAD is a professional software package for creating virtual models.

We will begin our story with a description of the shareware Russified program for creating 3D models ArchiCAD, which managed to win several awards in the nomination “Best BIM software for construction”. It is from her, because it is very difficult to find a program for the virtual construction of houses with such perfect functionality, which allows not only to design and construct, but also to count building materials, making the simplest estimates online.

The concept of "shareware" does not bode well for the user. But in the case of ArchiCAD, this definition does not look so hopeless. After all, anyone can install a fully functional version of this software on their computer and a program for building a house with extensive features will be in its free use for 30 days. Students and teachers of specialized design educational institutions can get a free license for a period of one year, and during this time you can design an entire city.

Pan9877 FORUMHOUSE user

I downloaded Archikad, registered on the manufacturer's website and received a 30-day code for the pro version. By registering, you will be able to receive affordable video tutorials for free. Every day, step by step, they send a link to the next video lesson online.

There is one more restriction imposed on the trial program for building a house, but for the demo version it is not significant: you can only save and open saved files on the same computer. After purchasing a license, this restriction can be removed from saved projects (although, in a month you can “squeeze” everything you need out of the program).

Given that ArchiCAD is a professional program, its functionality is appropriate:

• The ability to create architectural and construction solutions in the field of landscape design, as well as in the areas of building houses and designing the interior of a house or apartment with your own hands;
• Availability of built-in technology of three-dimensional design;
• Creation of 2D drawings and 3D models;
• The ability to determine the volume of building structures and calculate the consumption of materials for the preparation of construction estimates;
• Creation of animations and videos that allow you to evaluate how the design of the house and its details look like from different points of view;
• In addition, the program allows not only to design and “build”, but also to make virtual tours of the living quarters of the future home.

Nergedo FORUMHOUSE user

Archikad is a fairly powerful program for creating houses, focused primarily on drawing up an architectural interactive model. There are tools for compiling catalogs and tables that take into account the number, volume, or any other specified parameter of elements. A technology has been implemented that allows designing the reconstruction of a building. You can make calculations for heat engineering and insolation (though not in accordance with our standards). The calculation of structures is impossible, as well as the preparation of full-fledged estimates with the cost and scope of work.

Working with this online constructor, the designer creates a perfect 3D model of the building. It has the ability to "build" a house on the computer screen, from the base to the roof and elements of the surrounding landscape. For the virtual erection of a building, tools are used that are an exact embodiment of real objects: walls, windows, outdoor lighting devices, building floors, stairs, etc. Using this program, it is impossible to calculate the load on the elements of building structures. But programs that would combine such an extensive functionality, in fact, do not exist.

Leo060147 FORUMHOUSE user

About the desire to find a program that will do everything for you: it will come up with a design and calculate all the structures, draw and draw up an estimate - this is still an unrealizable desire.

We will return to the issue of software for calculating loads.

Google SketchUp is a free 3D modeling program.

Google SketchUp is a professional software designed for modeling, creating three-dimensional models of building objects, furniture and interiors.

Its main advantage over ArchiCAD is the availability of a completely free version, adapted to the needs of novice designers, architects and planners. This application has a built-in crack, so Russian-speaking users can quickly understand the features of its interface. Convenient application. Designing and building a house is simplified with it.

Clearance FORUMHOUSE user

SketchUp is a simple, intuitive and convenient program that even a beginner can master in a short time.

Program features:

• Creation and editing of 3D projects (we are talking about projects of houses, interiors, the surrounding landscape and all kinds of architectural objects, designing a bathhouse or designing a garage). The program is intuitive, designing for beginners is allowed.
• The presence in the designer of simple tools that may be familiar to users by the interface of the simplest graphic editors: "pencil", "eraser", etc.
• Ability to convert graphic files and 3D created at home to most common graphic formats: PNG, JPG, etc.
• An abundance of detailed reference information and tutorials on working with the program.
• In addition, the program is able to generate statistics on the consumption of building materials, in practice - to make a plan for the purchase of building materials needed to build a house.

The disadvantages of Google SketchUp include the lack of functionality for designing 2D plans. Its main purpose is 3D modeling and construction of houses. There are other programs to create.

Leo060147 FORUMHOUSE user

If for myself, then I would recommend the free Sketchup 8 program. In it, you can create any designs with great accuracy (millimeters) and with any detail. All this can be created in 3D. If you want to draw flat drawings, then this can be done in the free version of the NANOCAD program.

Since we are talking about the nanoCAD program, we will briefly talk about its capabilities.

Free version of nanoCAD

Being the best Russian development focused on automatic design of drawings, the nanoCAD house creation program has its own free version, which has quite a wide range of features:

• Creation of full-fledged plans and drawings during the design of various construction objects;
• Registration of a full package of documents in Russian, which are part of the working construction project;
• Ability to work with dwg format files compatible with other applications belonging to the AutoCAD category.

Free development allows you to solve the main tasks that arise when designing construction projects and drawings of medium complexity.

A specialized program for interior design - Sweet home 3D

The narrowly focused functionality of the Sweet home 3D program is aimed at users who want to model the interior of a room in accordance with their needs, but who do not want to learn complex professional software. The program has a Russian version and a special online design service. It has a user-friendly interface and flexible settings.

ELITE83 FORUMHOUSE user

I came across such a wonderful design program as sweet home 3D. Yes, this is a program for design, not for design, but 90% of the layout in it can be done in a matter of hours, and it has quite a full-fledged design functionality!

Key features and functions of the program:

• Availability of detailed documentation and training materials in Russian;
• Possibility of simultaneous work with two-dimensional and three-dimensional model of the room;
• A huge list of items for designing the environment (furniture, household appliances, doors, etc.) and a wide range of settings (you can change sizes, colors, textures, etc. at your discretion);
• The program allows you to view designs in various modes: "top view", "virtual visit", "view from anywhere in the room", etc.

Free program for load calculation - "LIRA-SAPR 2013"

Since the topic of our article is devoted to the design of a private house, let's say about a program with which you can calculate the load on building structures. Load calculation is a task for professionals whose experience and qualifications go beyond that of a novice home designer. For its implementation, it is necessary to know the theory of resistance and construction calculations. Free programs for calculating loads exist, but not everyone can master them.

Rufus86 FORUMHOUSE user

The most understandable calculation systems with a large number of manuals and reference literature are, after all, SCAD and LIRA. They are based on the finite element method, but knowledge of the theory in size - "more or less" is not enough to master them.

The freely distributed version of the LIRA-SAPR 2013 program allows you to solve many problems related to the calculation and design of buildings:

• Calculate objects with different number of loads.
• Create and view design schemes and models.
• Access the designer's help system.
• Get access to help information on the program and to training materials.
• Create working drawings in automatic mode (stages of KM, KZh, etc.)

Material calculation

If you are not interested in designing, or all you need is to calculate the amount of materials that will be needed to build a house, garage or other building, then mastering the work with complex software is not at all necessary. To solve such problems, there are many free interactive services (construction calculators) that can be found through any search engine. They will help plan the purchase of the necessary materials.

You can learn more by reading the opinions of FORUMHOUSE users in a special section of our website. After reading, you will easily learn how to work in one of the most popular programs for 3D modeling of houses, plots and interiors. A thematic video from FORUMHOUSE will help you understand why a properly designed house allows the future owner to get a lot of benefits during construction.

Each person dreams of his own, most comfortable country house for him, where he could take a break from the hustle and bustle of the city, enjoy the beauties of nature. One of the main problems faced by those who nevertheless decided to take up construction is the creation of an ideal project that could accommodate all the wishes of future residents.

At this stage, many are thinking about how to make the layout of the house on their own, but such an occupation is not just difficult. For its high-quality and correct implementation, in addition to desire, at least elementary knowledge in the field of architecture and construction in general is required.

The first thing to outline is the appearance of a finished and habitable cottage. For this, it is necessary that the future house is not only beautiful, but also functional and quite simple.


In choosing the final version, when it is impossible to express your own dreams on paper, the Internet and various specialized magazines will be a great helper. Here you can find a huge number of fully finished houses and their projects. Among the rich variety, you can find typical, own, or individual options. It should be noted that before making a final decision, it is worth thinking carefully and weighing any options, finally deciding whether there is really a need to choose a unique project.

Who chooses individual projects?

Most often, individual projects are addressed by people who are engaged in independent construction on their own site. In other words, when it is not possible to resort to a standard project. In addition, for this, the budget of the future building should not be limited by strict limits, that is, it will take a lot of money to implement such an idea.

The most acceptable option is the purchase of a ready-made standard project and its further binding to a specific area and features of the selected site. The last stages are carried out by a certified architect. However, this option can only be used when the project needs only a minor adjustment, and not a complete redesign. As for the second option, in this case it is best to immediately go to the designers for help, and not rack your brains on how to make the layout of the house yourself.


If the desire to do everything on your own is very great and there is no way to overcome it, then even in this case the help of a knowledgeable person will be required. This is due to the fact that when designing and further construction, it is necessary to take into account a large number of nuances and technical details: the features of building a sewer system, the required wall thickness, the location of lamps and other lighting fixtures, sockets, etc. For maximum savings (the services of a talented and promoted planner cost very decently) you can resort to the help of student designers who have already learned all the basics of their future profession.

In addition, you can resort to the services of designers who are ready to sketch out sketches of your future home and the basic layout, without diving into technical details. Even on the basis of such a sketch, it is already possible to begin construction work. But such a minimum is sufficient only when it comes to a small country house with the most primitive layout.

However, in this case, the work on the construction of the dwelling itself must be entrusted to the construction team with a knowledgeable foreman. Only he is able to take into account all the technical nuances and from the very beginning determine all the necessary components that will be required to implement the plan. It will also be an additional guarantee of high-quality work and that the newly built house will not collapse. If the documents are not drawn up in accordance with the law, then it is not possible to bring the perpetrators to justice.

How to make the layout of the house yourself: the main points.

Before the architect completes the design of a private house, the customer must provide him with some information, on which the final result depends. So, you need to have a properly drawn up plan of the land on which the construction will be carried out. In addition, it is necessary to order a geodetic and geological survey in advance and provide the most complete description of the surrounding area - the presence of a road, forest, river. Only by taking into account all the details listed above, you can create a plan that is really suitable for a particular site by choosing the right architectural solution and the location of the building itself.


You will also need to collect documents that would confirm the absence of restrictions on any construction work. Thus, construction work, for example, is prohibited by law in the water protection zone. In addition, the requirements may be imposed by the house management company. These include certain requirements for facade decoration or the height of buildings.

Most often, developers of those villages that are being built without contracts can help in collecting and providing all the necessary information. It is they who have a large amount of information that an architect needs, and are also able to outline some technical conditions. Part of the Criminal Code is still able to provide all the data regarding the points of entry of electricity, thereby removing some of the worries from the shoulders of the owner of the house. It is important to note that the more information the architect has, the better it will reflect on the future project. Otherwise, the owner of the house will have to independently recognize the communication input points, and carry out work on their design and connection on their own. Separately, only gas connection takes place. This can only be done by specialized companies on the basis of a separate project drawn up by them.

If we talk about work in the house itself, then their implementation begins with the owner filling out a special questionnaire, where the main requirements for the future building will be noted. If we consider the ideal option, then these requirements should be set out on paper by all participants in the construction - both the architect and the customer. A fairly common situation is when an architect makes some changes to the plan proposed by the owner at the initial stage. It is worth listening to such recommendations, because they are dictated not by the desire to demonstrate their own significance, but by professional knowledge and experience.

The most common example of changes proposed by architects when deciding how to do the layout of a house on their own is the advice on the location of a bedroom for elderly parents. Her place is on the ground floor, because it is quite difficult for people of age to move around, and overcoming the stairs every time can become overwhelming work.

How much time does it take for self-planning?

When making the final decision to carry out your own design, you need to take into account the fact that such work requires a fairly long time investment. On average, they can take up to three months. Such time frames are somewhat arbitrary and depend on a large number of factors. In addition, situations often arise when an already prepared plan has to be redone again, as the owner has new desires or slightly changed requirements.


The main mistake of almost all customers who have asked for help from professional architects to design their own home is a very neglectful attitude to the preparation of the necessary documentation. Only timely and clearly completed questionnaires, as well as technical specifications collected in detail, can guarantee a satisfactory result. In addition, this approach can reduce the time required for drafting a project.

How to make the layout of the house yourself: instructions.

When deciding how to make the layout of the house yourself, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• 1. Conducting geological exploration of the site.
• 2. Drawing up a plan for the basement.
• 3. Determining the type of wall material.
• 4. Roof design.
• 5. Proper placement of residential and utility premises.

And it is important to remember that a beautiful picture is not yet the key to a perfectly built house.

Video on independent planning of a country house.

At the same time, family members can do their own thing in the house. One is sleeping, the other is doing homework, the third is watching TV. At the same time, households should not interfere with each other.

Everyone living in the house needs to allocate their own corner, and not necessarily a separate room. It can be a place for hobbies - your own table, closet or rack.

In a house with the right layout, guests from the hallway easily get into the living room and do not wander in search of a toilet.

Layout of the house, cottage

Fig.1. An example of the layout of a one-story private house. Premises daily zone: 1 - vestibule, entrance hall, 6 - living room, dining room, 3 - toilet, 14 - veranda. Rooms for night rest: 5,7,10 - bedrooms, 2 - dressing rooms, 8 - extended bathrooms. Economic zone: 11 - kitchen, 12 - pantry, 13 - garage, 4 - laundry, boiler room, workshop.

In order for the built house to become the embodiment of comfort, coziness and economy, knowledge is needed standard planning rules:

1. The internal space of the house is conditionally divided into zones, Fig. 1: residential and commercial.

The residential area, in turn, is divided into day and evening.

The daily area of ​​the premises consists of a vestibule, an entrance hall, a hall, a living room, a dining room, a veranda, and a toilet.

Rooms for night rest are bedrooms, dressing rooms, extended bathrooms.

The utility zone includes a kitchen, pantry, garage, laundry, boiler room, workshop.

When arranging rooms, you should also pay attention to the position of the sun at certain hours, the view from the window.

2. Building a house with a minimum number of halls and corridors reduces the cost of living space.

The number and area of ​​corridors can be reduced by combining the functions of the rooms: designing some rooms as walk-throughs or arranging a work area in the living room or bedroom.

The most advantageous option is the layout, in which the kitchen, being a utility room, adjoins the living area of ​​the dining room and common room.

In a house of a small area, the premises of the daily zone: the kitchen, the dining room, the living room and even the hallway or hall, it is advantageous to place in one volume - a common open space not separated by partitions, Fig. 1.

3. It is desirable that couples and other adult family members have their own separate rooms in the house.

The largest room - the living room will be a common room where everyone can gather for relaxation.

It is convenient to have one more room in the house - a guest bedroom (study).

4. If it is planned to accommodate several generations in the house (for example, elderly parents - adult children - small grandchildren), then it is necessary to make the territory of each family as “autonomous” as possible (at least its own bathroom and bedroom, and as a maximum - a separate entrance ).

Moreover, it is better to have rooms for elderly parents on the first floor (pos. 5 and 3 in Fig. 1).

5. It is better to make two front doors in the house, one from the side of the entrance to the site, the second from the terrace, or from the opposite side of the house, for household needs. Also, the number and location of entrances is affected by the composition of the family (from paragraph 4 of this article).
If the front door is placed on the side facade, then often manage to get by with one door to enter the house, both from the side of the street and from the side of the site.

6. Stairs (if any) should be lit by natural light(for security reasons). Therefore, in principle, it does not matter where to orient it, but windows illuminating the staircase space must be mandatory.

When placing a staircase, it is important to understand whether you want it to be an active element of the interior or not. If you want, it is better to place it in the dining room, living room. If not, then in the hallway, corridor (pos. 12 in Fig. 1).

7. It is possible to provide for the project the possibility of expanding the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house as the family grows, the children grow up. An increase in size is possible due to an extension to the house or attic arrangement.

Anyway the expansion option should be foreseen in advance.

For example, the house planning project in Fig. 1 provides for the possibility of arranging an attic. For this, a place is reserved for the stairs, which is currently used as a pantry pos. 12, a large angle of inclination of the roof is chosen, and places are left in the roof structure for inserting windows, etc.

Building a large house at once without the need is irrational.

8. The fireplace is usually located in the "common" rooms.(dining room, living room). Whether a fireplace is needed in the house and where, it is necessary to determine before choosing a project.

Installing a fireplace in an already built house will require the installation of a chimney and a chimney, which is not always possible (for example, the pipe will need to be laid along the facade of the house, etc.).

9. simple rectangular house with a minimum number of corners without ledges, bay windows, balconies Such a house has less heat loss through external fences. The shape of the house in the form of a rectangle with an aspect ratio of no more than 1:1.5, with the orientation of the long side to the south, will allow more complete use of solar heat.

10. The simple shape of the roof reduces the cost of construction.

11. The correct orientation of the house to the sun and wind reduces the cost of heating and air conditioning. Living rooms in the house are oriented mainly to the south in order to maximize the use of the thermal energy of the sun. Utility rooms are best located on the north side.

12. Designing simple, short house utilities greatly reduces costs and increases reliability. For the convenience of conducting communications, bathrooms in a two-story house should be located one above the other, and on the first floor of the bathroom, the boiler room should be closer to the kitchen.

13 For an economy class home opt for a built-in garage in front of a stand-alone one: it is easier to heat it and it is possible to place part of the engineering systems of the house in it, saving space. In addition, you can get into the garage directly from home without going outside.

14. Refuse the basement: the cost of construction and high-quality waterproofing of the basement is 1.5-2 times higher than the cost of building a floor. Instead, it is better to plan a spacious pantry on the ground floor of the house, placing it on the north side.

Move part of the auxiliary premises to

15. Considering the project, pay attention to the planning and design solutions that provide soundproofing of the night zone premises.

Remember that extraneous sounds penetrate into these rooms through all enclosing structures: walls, ceilings, doors, windows, as well as ventilation and other openings.

In general, the more massive and thicker the walls, ceilings, doors and windows, the quieter it will be in the bedroom.

For good sound insulation between the rooms of the day zone and the bedroom, there must be two lines of doors and at least a small corridor (pos. 9 in Fig. 1).

If the bedrooms are located on the top floor, then on reinforced concrete floor - a necessary condition for good sound insulation nightlife areas.

16. Build an energy efficient home.

When choosing a project, check the main parameters of the building, indicating the Estimate the average annual amount of energy needed for heating, hot water, ventilation and air conditioning. The plans of the Russian government in the coming years to equalize domestic gas prices with European ones.

17. Equip the heating system with thermostats, which will allow program the desired temperature in each room separately. Reducing the room temperature by 1 °C saves 5% of heating energy.

Application for home heating, and in the ventilation system of rooms and - all this also saves heat.

18. The front door to the house from the street should be separated from the premises of the house thermal lock - vestibule. Due to the sequential opening of two doors in the vestibule, cold air from the street does not penetrate into the house. As a heat lock, it is allowed to arrange a closed and insulated veranda or vestibule at the entrance to the house - an entrance hall.

19. The balcony of the house must have an independent support in the form of pillars or rely on the building envelope of the first floor. The base of the balcony should not be a continuation of the floor, which means to “cut through” the wall, forming a bridge of cold.

20. Remember the larger the glass area, the higher the costs for heating and air conditioning. The ratio of the area of ​​the glazed surface of the window to the area of ​​the floor should be at least 1/8.

21. Deciduous trees with a large canopy can provide shade for the home during the hot summer months and reduce energy consumption for air conditioning up to 50%.

During winter, when deciduous trees lose their canopy, sunlight hits the surface of the walls unhindered and heats them, providing additional heat energy to the house and helping to reduce heating costs.

Coniferous trees help insulate the house from the cold winter winds and keep it cool.

22. Build an environmentally friendly home.

Choose environmentally friendly building materials. More than 50% of all building materials on the domestic market cannot be called safe for health. Many of them are unable to pass even the simplest environmental impact assessment.

Do not buy into the "fairy tales" of sellers, the prefix "eco" in the title, study the labeling - check in the regulatory documents (GOST, TU) whether the material contains phenol, formaldehyde, or other harmful substances.

For about 30 years in the world there has been such a thing as the syndrome of sick buildings. The reason for this phenomenon is poor air quality in homes. Ecologists estimate that home air is 4-6 times dirtier and 8-10 times more toxic than outdoor air.

Features of the layout of a two-three-story private house

Fig.2. Ground floor plan two-story house: 3 - bathroom with shower 3.9 m 2; 4 - office (guest bedroom) 11.8 m 2; 7 - pantry 2.7 m 2; 8 - boiler room 6.6 m 2; 10 - terrace 43.6 m 2;
Fig.3. Second floor plan two-story house: 13 - dressing room 3.5 m 2; 14 - bathroom with bathtub 5.9 m 2; 18 - bathroom with sauna cabin 8.5 m 2; 19 - laundry 4.6 m 2;

In two-three-story houses, it is convenient to make a staircase as a natural boundary between the day and evening zones, pos.11 in Fig.3. The premises of the daily zone, as a rule, are located on the first floor, Fig.2. Bedrooms, dressing rooms, bathrooms of the night zone are placed on the upper floors of the house, Fig. 3.

True, such a division of premises by floors is not always convenient and possible. Often on the first floor you have to make another bedroom, pos.4 in Fig.2. On the lower floor, there is usually a bedroom for elderly parents or for guests.

In a multi-storey building, as in a large ventilation duct, there is a natural draft, under the influence of which air from the first floor rushes up through the clearance of the stairs to the upper floors and attic.

The layout option with an entrance door to the floor provides the most efficient operation and a simple device for natural ventilation of the attic and the upper floors of the house.

Bathrooms in the house

In a multi-storey building bathrooms should be on each floor.

On the ground floor, the bathroom is located so that it is convenient for guests to use it. It is better if the entrance to the guest bathroom is not visible from the living room.

If a bedroom is made in the house on the ground floor, then the bathroom should be located next to it, so that from the bedroom to the bathroom it is not required to walk past the guests through the living room. Guests can also use the same bathroom.

In a large bathroom in the bedroom area, pos.18 in Fig.3, it is convenient to place equipment for spa procedures - for example, a bathroom with hydromassage or a steam bath-sauna cabin.

Utility rooms

The boiler room is usually provided on the ground floor of the house. Often, a room is allocated to accommodate the boiler in a garage attached to the house. The entrance to the solid fuel boiler room must be made from the outside, from the side of the fuel warehouse.

It is natural to place a pantry for products near the kitchen.

It is convenient to have two dressing rooms in the house - at the entrance to the house and in the bedroom area.

Near the dressing room in the bedroom area, where linen and daily clothes are stored, it is convenient to have a washing machine, dryer and ironing board, pos. 19 in Fig.3.

Laundry should not be placed in the garage. The constant need to carry underwear far away, and even up the stairs, will not please the hostess of the house.

Windows in the house

Large floor-to-ceiling windows provide contact with the space outside, make the border between the house and the garden almost imperceptible, the room visually becomes more spacious. Low furniture does not block the view from the window and visually increases the height of the room.

Large glass area in the room increases the cost of building and operating a house:

• The cost of building a block with glazing is higher than the cost of building a wall of the same area.
• Increased heating costs in winter and air conditioning in summer.

But many homeowners decide to forgo economic gain for the gamut of feelings they experience in a cozy, light-filled living room with wonderful views of the garden through large floor-to-ceiling windows.

Often large windows and glass doors for access to the garden, terrace or balcony are arranged not only from the living room, but also from the bedrooms and kitchen.

Listen to your feelings and to the opinion of the household, where they would like to have such windows. When choosing, also consider the climate and the view from the window.

Thanks to the window, the corridor seems wider and not so boring.

If at the entrance to a house, a room or a corridor, the eye rests on a window on the opposite wall, and a garden is visible behind it, then the rooms seem more spacious and make a good impression.

From the outside to the windows of a private house Roller shutters are recommended. Closed roller shutters not only protect windows from burglary, but in severe frosts they reduce heat loss through windows, and in summer heat they reduce overheating of the house by the sun's rays. It is better to foresee the installation of roller shutters on windows in advance, at the stage of designing a house.

Watch the video lesson on planning a one-story house with an attic:

What rooms in the house can be walk-through

To make the house seem spacious, architects recommend combining the premises of the daily zone - making them walkable.

In spacious rooms it is easier to breathe, they give a feeling of freedom.

Many people have a prejudice against walk-through rooms. Indeed, in small apartments with a high population density, a walk-through room is a big disadvantage in planning. It is a completely different matter in private houses, where the number and area of ​​premises per resident, as a rule, is much larger.

The connection and association of premises, the arrangement of an enfilade or alcove reduce the area of ​​​​corridors and halls, provide greater convenience and comfort of life in the house, and also allows you to create a unique interior in these rooms.

Connection of kitchen, dining room and living room

The most popular option for combining rooms in an economy class house is to combine the kitchen, dining room and living room ( Fig.2 pos. 5 and 6). Such a layout, as already mentioned above, creates a spacious daily zone in the house, and also makes it possible to communicate between people who are in the premises of this zone.

The processes of cooking in a modern kitchen are quite fast. The emission and spread of unpleasant odors and other harmful substances is minimal. For this reason, there is no special need to separate the kitchen from other rooms.

Food in the kitchen, as a rule, is prepared by the hostess or the owner of the house. It is not humane to deprive them of contact with other household members while cooking.

It is convenient when the dining room is located between the kitchen and the living room. Meals are served from the kitchen. From the living room, the household and guests go to the dining room. This arrangement of the premises of the daily zone corresponds to the natural course of events. Life in the dining room continues after the end of the meal. See the layout in Fig. 1 and 2 above in the article.

It should be noted that an open kitchen requires increased attention to maintaining cleanliness and order there.

Combining the dining room, living room and office - library

In a large house, where important guests are often received, and the food is prepared by a cook - a cook, they combine a dining room, a living room and an office or library. The rooms are connected in a suite - when the transitions between the rooms are on the same axis, as in ancient palaces and estates. The living room is located in the center of this enfilade.

The combination of these rooms creates a presentable, official area in the house, in which there is a place to dine, relax in the living room by the fireplace or retire and hold negotiations in the office.

From the bedroom to the dressing room and then to the bathroom

In the bedroom of a married couple, a private area is often arranged from a dressing room and a bathroom, as, for example, in fig. 3 above, positions 13, 14 and 15.

It can be convenient to make a dressing room a walk-through room. This layout is good because the number of doors in the bedroom is reduced, and the sound of water from the bathroom is also weaker.

They usually do not spend a lot of time in the dressing room, therefore, the masters of the bedroom will not experience any inconvenience from the walk-in dressing room.

Moving from one business to another

The house is convenient to have utility rooms in one place. It is more profitable, for example, to go to the boiler room through the laundry room, and to the laundry room through the dressing room, than to arrange a common corridor and separate doors to each room.

What material is best to build a house?

Articles on this topic:

Instruction

Download the Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0 application online, it is shareware with a limited duration. You can officially purchase this program for only $30. This software product will allow you to carry out a three-dimensional visualization of your building design, orient it to the cardinal points so that you can see how it will be placed on the site.

According to your size, you can use the tools that are available in the program. Select the units of measurement, specify the scale in which the project will be displayed. By clicking on the appropriate buttons: Wall, Window, Door, etc. draw the walls, windows, doors and other elements of the facade of your future home. To do this, use the appropriate libraries, which provide a wide variety of designs and textures. Each element can be viewed in 3D View to get a clear idea of ​​its design features.

In the case when you want to make a building project of two or more floors, use the special function that allows you to transfer floors, walls and ceilings from the first floor to the rest. When transferring, specify the height of each subsequent floor.

With the help of ready-made libraries, draw a roof. If the ready-made options do not suit you, you can design it yourself. The program will automatically calculate its parameters: length, area.

If you have a plan of your site, oriented to the cardinal points, transfer its boundaries to the project using the cadastral data that is on the plan. Place the designed building within the boundaries of the site. Using simulation of global illumination, plan where lawns, recreation areas, gazebos, etc. will be placed, taking into account the shadow cast by this structure during daylight hours.

With Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0, you can also plan interior spaces and even design them. The available libraries allow you to place the interior, show the textures of floor and wall coverings as realistically as possible. Many of the furniture samples that you will find in the library are exact copies of those models that are offered to customers by well-known furniture brands, so your visual project will be as close to reality as possible.

Helpful advice

A novice user can use the step-by-step wizard for creating a residential building project.

Sources:

• Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0

Breading is a special culinary technique in the preparation, as a rule, of deep-fried dishes. The main ingredients for making breading: egg, flour or breadcrumbs. You can use hard cheeses, semolina, stale bread for breading. IN breading you can add dried herbs, spices and dried vegetables. Eggs for breading can be beaten with cream or milk.

You will need

• • 300 gr. wheat bread
• 2 eggs
• 1 tablespoon cream
• 1 teaspoon dried basil
• 1 teaspoon dried dill

Instruction

Cut the bread into 2x2x2 cm cubes.

Lay the bread cubes on a baking sheet and place in the oven.

Cook bread at 140 degrees for 30-40 minutes.

Release a piece of meat or fish into an egg.

Helpful advice

Ready-made breadcrumbs can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to several weeks.

Currently, the design and construction of their own houses, shops, sports complexes is very popular. The design of buildings is carried out with the help of design organizations on the basis of a planned task, which establishes the technical feasibility and feasibility of construction.

Instruction

Start designing by studying the construction site. Contact the appropriate ones to study the geological properties of the soil, the seismicity of the area and determine the climatic area. It is necessary to provide for a unified transport system and road network of the construction site, technical capabilities for engineering support of the territory, maximum preservation of the environment, historical and cultural monuments.

Proceed to the preparation of design estimates, which must comply with GOST 21.1101-2009 and the Unified System for Design Documentation (ESKD). A set of working drawings should contain floors, sections, facades, floor plans, a roof plan, nodes, fragments, specifications for diagrams.

When drawing up floor plans, apply coordination axes, decide on the name of the premises and them, select the thickness of walls, partitions, sizes of windows and doorways. Floor plans must contain the designation of slopes and explication. On the roof plan, indicate expansion joints, fire escapes, ventilation shafts.

Select the design and type of foundation. It can be piled on a natural or artificial foundation in the form of sheets, ribbons, fields. It all depends on the design loads acting on the foundation, and specific construction. Calculations of piles, foundations and their bases are performed using the characteristics of materials and soils.

Do not forget about the location of structural elements, about the specifications corresponding to them. Specify information about loads and impacts, about the locations of foundation beams, wall blocks, columns, connections between columns, crane beams.

projected building must comply with fire regulations. The height of the building and the width of corridors and openings depend on the degree of fire resistance (i.e. combustible and non-combustible materials). The building must be designed in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to people during operation.

Related videos

To make your home cozy and comfortable, there is no need to spend significant funds at all. To equip an apartment or room, it is sometimes enough to carry out the correct layout. Fresh ideas that will arise when creating the image of an updated room are sure to please you and your family members.

You will need

• - roulette;
• - drawing paper;
• - graph paper;
• - calculator;
• - pencils, markers;
• - scissors.

Instruction

Do a little information research. Take some free time to browse design and interior design magazines, visit online resources related to this topic. Check out the showrooms and stores for the latest fashion trends and accessories collections. Consult with the sellers, find out their opinion on the possible interior design of the room.

Choose a room layout method. In its most general form, it is an image of the structure of the premises in the form of a projection onto a plane, made on a certain scale. You can execute such a plan-scheme both manually (on a sheet of paper) and using a computer using a graphic editor.

Take measurements of the room around the perimeter using a tape measure. Consider all protrusions, corners, location of water pipes, and other details, including electrical switches and sockets. Also measure the size of the furniture you intend to use in the room. Record the results of measurements on a piece of paper.

Determine the scale of the future scheme. Use a ratio of 1:100 or 1:50. Divide all overall dimensions by 50 or 100 (depending on the chosen scale). Separately record the received data.

On a sheet of graph paper or whatman paper, draw the configuration of the room on the scale you have chosen. Indicate on the drawing the location of essential stationary elements (pipes, batteries, etc.). Make several copies of the drawing, as you may need to draw more than one image when choosing a layout.

Taking into account the scale, draw on paper, and then cut out all the pieces of furniture and household appliances that will be located in the room. Sign or number each item. For clarity, use different colors. If there are a lot of items, make a small list (index).

Place furniture and interior items on the space of the room template. Consider successively several options for the layout of the room, rearranging the elements on the diagram. Feel free to experiment; There should be at least three options, of which the most suitable one can be. Try to imagine how the room will look like with this or that arrangement. Attach the option you like with glue or outline with a pencil. Now you can roll up your sleeves and start implementing the plan.

Related videos

Building a house always starts with its project, and often future owners strive to create their own architectural masterpiece. But in order not to repeat the mistakes typical for customers, professionals when choosing project It is advised to take into account some factors.

The next important factor is the correct arrangement of the rooms, in which the windows of the living room and the nursery should not look to the north, northeast or northwest sides, but to the south or southeast. At the same time, if your living room is located on the south side, you should not have bathrooms on the opposite (from the north), because the air, and therefore unnecessary odors, will “float” into a zone with a higher temperature, i.e. to the south. Particularly demanding architects even take into account the location of windows in neighboring houses, because not everyone welcomes prying eyes peering into someone else's yard.

classical design cottage was invented quite a long time ago: the first floor is public premises, the second is private. A typical set of lower rooms includes a vestibule, or a hall, a pantry, a kitchen and a dining room, a living room and guest rooms, a bathroom and showers. However, it is quite possible to expand it if you have a desire, and your wallet has the opportunity: set up a winter garden here, equip a swimming pool, place a home cinema, etc.

On the second floor, as a rule, there is a hall (it may well play the role of a living room for kids), bedrooms and children's rooms with bathrooms and wardrobes, balconies, etc. The size of these rooms depends on their functional features. So, if this is only a bedroom, then its area can be quite small, but you won’t be able to “save” on a nursery, because, as a rule, it combines both a bedroom and a study room.

An office, a billiard room, a couple of guest bedrooms with built-in wardrobes - all this can be located in the attic. Today it has become fashionable to operate the roof as well - there, if desired, a small pool, a place to relax and even a small “green” zone of bushes in tubs will fit there. This standard set can change, again, according to your desire and financial capabilities. In any case, building cottage according to an individual plan will allow you to create the house you dreamed about.

Having your own house and farm is a lot of advantages, a great opportunity to realize your ideas and dreams. Compilation stage project is one of the most important in construction. You can design a house yourself or ask for help from specialist architects who have significant experience in this work and have many ready-made projects.

Instruction

And storage of other necessary things. design. Special programs will help to take into account all the nuances, from non-standard layout to the texture of the wallpaper, from the location of the sofa to the color of the pillows.

Online design software

Sweet Home 3D is a free and functional program that will help the user to realize even the most fantastic idea. It consists of four sectors. In the first, you need to select the type of room and add windows and doors as needed.

The second part - a two-dimensional dimension, is a drawing on which you can move objects. The most interesting third part is the 3D image. And the fourth sector is a list of used items.

All objects can be freely moved and resized. But this handy program has its drawbacks: the lack of texture, that is, you can not choose the color of floors and wallpapers.

Aston dizayn will help to visually model the room. The options already include a large range of furniture: from children's to office. Another handy design program is PRO100. Its toolbar contains alignment, revolutions, positioning and moving. In addition, the PRO100 allows viewing in seven projections and the use of graphic elements: transparency, outline and shading. Plus, the light projection also attracts: sketch, texture, wireframe, color realistic visualization.

Online design principles

Any of the above programs work according to five basic principles. First you need to create a room (new project). Next, you need to set the dimensions of the room, in most online programs you can stretch the length and height of the wall along the way. At the third stage we place windows and doors, at the fourth - furniture. And the fifth step is the most interesting when you can experiment with wallpaper and floor, rearrange furniture without spending a lot of effort.

Having chosen the program and the concept of the interior, you can safely proceed to online design. Most of the programs are available for free and you need to read the instructions to work with them. They are available to both professionals and ordinary users.