House project for building on a slope. Material - aerated concrete blocks This house will look good on a site with a difficult terrain. The project provides for the presence of all the necessary components of a full-fledged country house: a garage, a boiler room, a workshop and a pantry. The floors are planned on a multi-level basis.
Project Summary
- 1st floor with basement and garage
- Total / living area - 168.10 / 81.40 sq. m
- 4 living rooms
- Foundation - tape prefabricated
- Walls - aerated concrete
- Roof - pitched attic, covering - metal tile
- Exterior finish: plaster, cladding
Project No. 2 House from a bar
A tribute to ecology - a project of a house made of timber for plots with a gentle slope. Garage and utility rooms are located in the basement. In a small basement, which occupies part of the area under the house, using the terrain, there is a garage for one car, a boiler room and a workshop. On the ground floor there is a living room, two bedrooms and a kitchen connected by a spacious hall.
Project Summary
- Single storey house with basement and garage
- Total / living area - 139.80 / 59.40 sq. m
- 3 living rooms
- Foundation - tape prefabricated
- Walls - timber of pine, cedar, larch
- Roof - pitched attic with metal roofing
- Exterior finish - tinting with special protective and decorative compounds
Project №3 Round log house
The project of a solid house made of logs. The architect provided for two floors, as well as a basement with a garage and utility rooms and a terrace with a canopy. The layout of the first floor includes a combined living-dining room and kitchen, zoned with a fireplace. On the second floor there are bedrooms, a toilet and a technical room, as well as a hall-balcony overlooking the living room.
Project Summary
- Two storey house with basement and garage
- Total / living area - 247.80 / 90.60 sq. m
- 5 living rooms
- Foundation - monolithic reinforced concrete
- Walls - logs
- Ceilings - on wooden beams
- Roof - pitched mansard with a coating of bituminous tiles
- Facade decoration - decorative and protective tinting
Project №4 Ultramodern house on a slope
Ultramodern house project. The location on the slope will only emphasize its unusualness and beauty. The basis of the architectural style is constructivism. Thoroughly designed layout is made taking into account the most modern trends. An utility block with a garage is located on the ground floor. On the ground floor there is a living room with a fireplace connected to the kitchen-dining room through a wide opening, a bedroom for lingering guests, which can be converted into an office or library. The second floor is reserved for a recreation and sleep area with all necessary amenities.
Project Summary
- Two storey house with basement and garage
- Total / living area - 257.10 / 120.00 sq. m
- 5 living rooms
- Foundation - tape prefabricated
- Walls - aerated concrete blocks, 400 mm
- Ceilings - reinforced concrete slabs
- Roofing - from tiles
- Exterior finish - wet plaster facade
Project No. 5 House on a slope in a palace style
An excellent country mansion in the best traditions of palace and park ensembles. The elegance of the facades and architectural forms make it possible to harmoniously fit the mansion into any surrounding landscape. The internal layout meets the most modern requirements for comfortable housing.
Project Summary
- Two-story house with basement, no garage
- Total / living area - 378.60 / 151.00 sq. m
- 7 living rooms
- Foundation - tape prefabricated
- Walls - foam concrete, 400 mm
- Ceilings from reinforced concrete slabs
- Roof construction - pitched attic with metal roofing
- Facade finishing - plaster
Your own house is always good, especially if it was built according to a personal project. This expands the possibilities, allows you to create real dream cottage. But what if a non-standard plot is offered for development? The relief of our country is so diverse that often people have to build up the slopes. This is especially true in mountainous areas. Such construction has its own characteristics. But given all our recommendations and advice, you can build a magnificent building even on the most difficult terrain!
Landforms
The type of building depends on the main type of terrain on which the building will be located in the future. In general, reliefs are divided into 4 types:
- Smooth. As a rule, it has a slope, but its value is no more than 3%.
- with a slight slope is determined by the parameter up to 8%.
- Average is up to 20%.
- Steep has a value of more than 20%.
Advice! To determine the slope index, you need to take two points on the slope. Draw a vertical line from the top, and a horizontal line from the bottom. Measure the distance from the points to their intersection. The ratio of these segments will indicate the magnitude of the slope in percentage terms.
Construction methods
To build a slope, you can use one of two building options:
- write in ;
- flatten the landscape.
- In the first case, complex architectural calculations are necessary, but this will make such features an advantage of the structure.
- The second option will take a little longer, but at the same time it will allow you to build any building according to any project.
Building types
Most standard designs are designed to build buildings on a flat surface. In this case, the presence and size of the foundation is determined based on the type of soil, as well as the size of the building. may have no basis at all. For cottages, it must be massive and fortified.
- If an inclined relief is chosen for construction, then imported bulk soil can be used for buildings on a small slope. With its help, the built-up area is leveled. In this case, a foundationless building is being erected.
- If the slope is of medium parameters, then it will be impossible to organize a pillow using bulk soil. In such cases, one of the sides of the house is raised to high plinth. Its size can reach such dimensions that it will be possible to equip an entire floor in which you can arrange a garage. . store or even equip a kind of place to relax.
- If you have to build a steep slope, in this case it is important to contact the experts. They will select or develop an individual project, taking into account all the features of the area. First of all, you should pay attention to the characteristics of the soil.
Advice! For building slopes of varying degrees of complexity, you can use multi-level houses. They will allow you to qualitatively beat the features of the relief. Created at the same time will become an additional place for recreation.
Difficulties
Building a house on a slope is one of the most difficult architectural tasks. In the process of solving it, even the most experienced specialists face the following difficulties.
- The need to develop an individual project. Each house in this case is unique, since it is necessary to take into account the level of slope, as well as the characteristics of the soil, the likelihood of it shifting and the direction in which the slope falls, etc.
- Long preparatory stage. Depending on the magnitude of the slope, as already mentioned, additional measures must be taken to create a stable foundation, which can take a long time.
- An increase in costs, as additional expensive materials may be needed to create a stable foundation.
- The complexity of the work of special equipment.
- All these factors lead to one big drawback - they do not allow to calculate the period of construction and commissioning of the object.
Foundation Features
In some cases, as already mentioned, it is possible to build residential buildings without a foundation. But if its presence is nevertheless necessary, it must be strong enough to withstand the changes that the ground lends itself to. For this, as a rule, a reinforcing mesh is used. It can be made from thick rebar.
Advice! For reinforcement, it is best to use a production euro-lattice. It is made in such a way as to resist the movement of the ground, which is often observed if the surface is uneven.
The difference of such a foundation is also that it is much larger than that of other objects. It deepens along the side that is on the high side of the slope. It is also advisable to use a pile foundation. It does not require digging deep pits.
It is not always possible to get a perfectly flat piece of land for the construction of a country house, without hills and ravines. That is why it is often necessary to build a basement on a slope, which somewhat increases labor costs and financial investments. Moreover, the projects of structures erected on the slopes differ significantly from the standard ones.
Previously, for each individual building that was supposed to be built on a slope, it was necessary to develop a project individually, and then approve it and coordinate it. Today, many construction companies offer standard designs for such structures, which saves money at the design stage, as well as during construction, because all possible nuances will be taken into account in advance.
The basement floor in a house located on a slope, as a rule, has an asymmetrical shape from the outside, however, with the proper approach, you can get a perfectly square or rectangular underground room. In such houses, on the one hand, the basement remains underground, and on the opposite side it goes outside.
Features of the design of buildings on a slope
If it is not possible to build a country house on a flat plot, then in the design process you need to take into account some points:
- At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to correctly and accurately make all the calculations. To do this, experts take into account the height difference, soil composition, weather conditions and other factors that affect the operation of the building in the future. Only professionals can make such calculations, so the help of specialists will be required.
- Even when choosing a typical project for building a house on a slope, it will be necessary to refine it in accordance with the specific features of the area and the future house. At this stage, again, consultations with specialists are required.
- The foundations of buildings on slopes need high-quality and effective insulation, because there is a high probability of erosion of the base by groundwater. Even in cases where the foundation does not experience strong destructive effects, the moisture flowing down from the slope will still affect the basement.
- In some cases, the movement of special equipment along inclined sections is difficult, and this circumstance must be taken into account before starting construction work.
Given what was said above, we can conclude that a house with a basement on a slope is a costly, but quite feasible idea.
The dependence of construction technology on the slope
The difficulty of erecting a building on slopes (in most cases) will depend on the slope. A flat area is one where the slope is no more than 3%. If the slope is not more than 8%, then it is considered small; if not more than 20%, then this is an average slope; with a slope of 20% or more, the surface is steep.
- Slope up to 8%. The terrain with such a slope is well suited for the construction of country houses with basement floors. However, during the construction process, the earth is filled with soil from the foothill part, so that it is possible to increase the size of the terrace.
- Slope over 8%. In this case, it is extremely convenient to use the natural unevenness of the terrain in order to build a basement. The site is often not leveled, but an underground floor is arranged, as if cutting out part of the soil from the slope. This construction method is very good so that you can make a garage with a convenient entrance. When implementing this solution, it is necessary to create a high-quality waterproofing layer on the walls where they will come into contact with the ground. It is best to do external waterproofing. Insulation must also be placed under the foundation before it is poured.
- Slope over 15%. In this case, it is necessary to refine the design of the building so that it is possible to take advantage of the steepness of the slope to the maximum. For example, a project with a multi-tiered building is very often chosen, as well as with several entrances to separate tiers. In addition, a steep section can be made relatively flat by placing terraces at different levels. Then one part of the building, located above, will serve as the first floor, and located below - the basement. The basement here will be small, so a garage is often made from it. With a slope of 20% or more, experts strongly recommend using a multi-tiered layout.
Which foundation to choose?
For building a house on a site with a slope, various types of foundations are suitable. Among them are the foundations described below.
Tape
When constructing a strip foundation, one part of the building's basement must be immersed deeper into the slope than the other. One of the base faces will play the role of a retaining wall. The device of such a foundation is a relatively costly undertaking, but it is quite justified if a country house is supposed to be built of concrete or brick.
Work in this case is carried out in the following sequence:
- In the plane of the grillage at an angle of 90 degrees, a small part of the slope is removed.
- Then along the cut it is necessary to dig a trench.
- The formwork is mounted and the cement-sand mortar is poured.
- As soon as the solution completely hardens, a support embankment is made, due to which the slope height is leveled in any direction.
Columnar
A foundation of this type is recommended to be done in a foothill area or in a site located between hills. The basement floor in this case will be large enough. If a significant transverse load is expected, it is best not to use foundation posts, because they may not withstand. The process of building a foundation on a slope is almost similar to the technology of building a columnar foundation on a flat surface.
The foundation is arranged in several stages:
- The upper wall is erected in the form of a tape with a trapezoidal section.
- Then the lower wall is arranged in the same way.
- After that, soil is poured into the space between the walls and compacted. In addition, pits are arranged around the perimeter of the foundation.
- The pillars are poured or placed in the pits, and a beam or monolithic grillage is also arranged.
pile
This type of foundation can be used to build a building on any slope, because earthwork is not required. In this case, it will only be necessary to screw the piles to different depths, placing their tops in the same horizontal plane. As soon as the piles are installed, it is necessary to make a grillage slab. The base in this case can be of any size.
An example of a house with a pile foundation.
Construction takes place in the following sequence:
- The initial pile is screwed in at the highest point of the base. Its upper part will become the minimum height of the base.
- The upper part of the corner lower pile is the maximum height of the base.
- The remaining piles must be screwed in or driven in so that their upper part fully corresponds to the required height.
- As soon as the installation of the piles is completed, it is necessary to fill in a monolithic grillage with a retaining bottom and all the required sides.
The basement of a house built on such a foundation can be used in different ways.
You can make a high-quality and reliable base in a building located on almost any slope. The main thing in this case is the observance of technology and the implementation of correct calculations, coupled with the professional development of the project. The basement of a country house located on a slope often acts as a garage, which is very convenient in terms of organizing the premises in the building.
Since time immemorial, people have been building cities and villages, where space has become less and less, and the desire to build their own housing under the protection of fortress walls has led to the fact that a person had to acquire his hearth both on the water and in the mountains and build a house on a plot with a slope .
As practice has shown, these unique architectural and construction masterpieces were not only visually beautiful, but in many ways practical. Today, a house on a sloped plot can be made unique and inimitable. It is important to know a few rules and listen to the advice of professional builders and designers.
House on a plot with a slope: pros and cons
You have land for construction, not flat. What to do if the angle is rather big, but there are no ideas how to deal with it. There is a simple recipe in such cases - to use all the disadvantages as advantages. To change your attitude to this issue, viewing the implemented solutions of designers, current projects of houses on a site with a slope will help you.
After analyzing all the negative and positive aspects of building such a house, we can name the following positive points:
- a slight slope will allow you to create a system of terraces, which in turn will organize a high-quality layout of the courtyard of the cottage, will allow you to apply the best practices landscape design ;
- a house on a plot with a slope, can be located on several levels, without the cost of building a lower floor or at minimal cost;
- a slope of up to 8% will allow you to take the lower floor for household needs, you can use this part of the house for a garage. Thus, a part of the territory is freed up, which would be used less rationally on the flat terrain;
- terraced layout, multi-storey houses look very impressive and will add uniqueness to your home.
There is also an important economic component - the price of land on a slope is traditionally lower than the price of a flat site for construction.
There are also negative aspects in such construction:
- due to close contact with large masses of earth and the possible flow of upper groundwater through the structure of the house, enhanced waterproofing of the foundation, and sometimes parts of the walls, their strengthening is required;
- construction on several levels will require additional costs for materials for terraces, steps, fences, and other elements of the house;
- required development of an individual project, since a typical project is unlikely to be suitable in this case, since too many features may appear on such a site;
- laying communications will be more complex and may require the installation of additional equipment, including pumps and other devices.
Let's start building
The first thing to do when you have made the right decision not to fight the natural landscape with expensive bulldozer attacks, but to use all the advantages of such a gift of nature is to plan your house on a sloping lot.
In this case, we still recommend consultation with specialists who could assess all the risks and all the positive aspects of such construction. The designers of the InnovaStroy company can help draw up a master plan for the site, carry out the necessary design work and offer a 3-D visualization of the new house from several angles, which will be presented as a photo of houses on a site with a slope. You will only have the choice of a specific project.
The same specialists will be able to give an estimate of how much such construction will cost and whether you can handle the maximum costs, and they will also tell you how to adjust the estimate documentation. While you are thinking about what to do, we will tell you what you will have to do in any case face the owner of such an unusual house, and what could be the projects of houses on a plot with a slope.
Consider slopes near
If your site has a slight slope - no more than 6-8%, then the designers will most likely offer to fill in the upper part of the land and carry out construction on a leveled site. This will minimize costs and create conditions for rational drainage, reducing the risk of landslides and other unpleasant moments. In this case, the upper level of the site turns into a terrace with a steeper slope beyond the foundation and walls of the house.
Other conditions occur when the slope is greater than 8%. Then, using these features of the relief, it is possible to build a basement and use it to accommodate a car, other equipment, all kinds of boiler rooms, pumping stations, and storage facilities. It should be remembered that in this case, the walls will need to be waterproofed in advance to create additional protection from water spring and autumn flows.
If your land slope tends to be 15-25%, then this is a construction site that will be based on the creation of terraces and a multi-level building. Terraces can turn into places of rest with gazebos, armchairs, awnings. The house can be arranged on several floors at different levels, with separate entrances. This will make it possible to make the most of the land area and create comfortable conditions for those who live in the house. As you can see, even if you have a land plot with a large slope, this will not interfere with building a good house. It is necessary to use these features of the relief logically and rationally.
Remember the pocket of cold and the southern sun
A house on a slope is no different from other houses in terms of the main parameters of the placement of the central entrance and lighting. As in other cases, it is recommended to place the main entrance to the building on the south side. On the same side, it is best to provide for the construction of terraces and the placement of windows. This will add warmth to the house and sunlight to the windows, and will reduce the time for freezing of the soil and snow cover near the entrance in the cold season. If it is not possible to place the entrance on the south side, then it can be done on the southeast or east side.
It is also important that it is best to build a house at the highest point, maybe not in the center of the site, but higher than other places. This will keep the foundation and walls from getting wet and leaking. There is one more thing - the water will drain from the roofs and the surrounding area away from the house, and not to it. The advantage of building a house on a high point is the possibility of organizing a basement and plumbing at no additional cost or at minimal cost.
- the distance from the perimeter of the house to the outbuildings (if it is planned to maintain a municipality or keep animals, install an external toilet with a septic tank) should be at least 15 meters;
- when placing a house, one should remember about the presence of the so-called cold pocket. This is the place where colder, heavier air currents flock to at night. A house on a slope will be affected by such currents as they move downwards around the building. Therefore, it is best to place the house so that the entrance and most of the windows are on the leeward side. Then the cold air masses will not be so felt in the evening and at night;
- the construction of such a house requires strengthening the slope with special engineering structures. It is worth talking about this feature of the house on the slope in more detail.
We strengthen the slope
Strengthening the slope is important, first of all, because even an ideal choice of foundation and the presence of light building walls will provoke soil slippage due to pressure on the ground. These are the laws of physics.
This unpleasant, and even dangerous process can be prevented by strengthening the slope with the help of soil reinforcement. For such manipulations, new types of building materials are used - geogrids or geogrids along with geotextiles. The meaning of these strengthening elements is that, thanks to the mesh cellular structure, they can be filled with harder loose rocks. As a result, this structure gets stronger engagement, strengthens the hardness of the slope, stops erosion. Another traditional way to strengthen the slope is to divide it into terraces. Each of the terraces is a separate part of the slope, and if it is strengthened and built up with its own retaining walls and structures, then the issue of erosion and soil washout is removed.
The blind area of the house on a plot with a slope
The blind area of the house on a plot with a slope it is necessary, first of all, for the construction of a reliable home with the features mentioned above. What should be remembered in its arrangement? First of all, the fact that it should be done almost immediately, and not postpone the construction of this element of protecting the house from soil washout.
To secure the house and give it additional waterproofing, the blind area should be with a slight slope of 2-5 degrees. This will allow water to immediately drain from the surface. The width of the blind area should be at least 60 cm, and usually it is made within 1 meter in width and with a groove along the contour. This allows water to be collected and channeled through the gutters, ensuring minimal seepage into the soil, under the house.
Before pouring the blind area formwork, which is usually kneaded from durable concrete grades, waterproofing should be made between the blind area body and the wall. Such waterproofing will make it possible not to soak the structures even under the influence of a strong flow of water. Usually, the blind area is made with an underlying layer, which is carefully tamped and pre-treated with herbicides. This will eliminate the growth of weeds that actively destroy the concrete screed of the blind area.
The foundation of everything is the head
The walls and roof of a house that is built on a slope are no different from those that are located on a flat area. But the foundation requires special attention. We have already said that for building a house on a slope, it is desirable to obtain data from designers who can conduct geological surveys. This is very important, because before starting construction, it is necessary to decide what will be house foundation on a sloping lot
To do this, study:
- soil properties;
- the presence of groundwater;
- the possibility of landslides due to the properties of neighboring land;
- the presence of stony deposits and much more.
Such a study can significantly reduce construction costs, as it can prompt designers for the optimal design of a house.
The foundation in this case can be built using different technologies:
- Equal-level foundation with excavation of all soil to level the site. Such a foundation construction technology is, in principle, suitable for any slope, but it is more rational for small angles, since in the case of a slope of more than 8%, it will require large-scale expensive earthworks. From the name it is clear that we are talking about the construction of a foundation that will adhere to the ground at the same level over its entire area, that is, the angle of inclination is cut off using earthmoving equipment.
- A stepped foundation with a cascading arrangement. In this case, the foundation is built in an unusual way - in steps, from level to level. Such a foundation is usually made tape and has a lingering side at a right angle to the slope. This increases the resistance to the action of water and earth, gives greater resistance to slipping.
- Multi-soil foundation on screw piles. If you choose this type of foundation, then we will talk about screwed piles that can be installed in soil of different densities. The foundation will not require major earthworks or the installation of large monolithic concrete blocks. But there is one drawback - it will not work to build a large basement, since piles will take its place. Such a foundation does not differ in strength from other options, and is suitable for soil even with fairly strong water content and soft rocks.
The uniqueness of the image
A house on a slope is a complex engineering and technical structure. In addition to design art, here you need to apply a lot of purely practical knowledge, the ability to skillfully use the properties of concrete, waterproofing materials.
The arrangement of a house that is located on a land plot located on a slope can cost more than a house that is located on a flat area. But at the same time, you will not incur additional costs for the quality design of a personal plot, landscape design of a cottage. Excess of the cost part in the construction of the house will increase the attractiveness, gives space for comfortable arrangement of terraces, the construction of cascades of decorative pools, interesting design solutions in landscape gardening art. And do not forget - the uniqueness of the house, primarily in the originality of its composition, the beautiful presentation of the appearance. Namely, the house on the slope is distinguished by the uniqueness of the project and the memorable way.
The construction of a private house is best done on a flat area that does not have a height difference, because with a slope there is a danger of the earth sliding, which can cause the building to collapse. If your land is located on a slope, then you should not be upset, because in this case you can find your positive sides. Firstly, the house can be built at different levels, and secondly, the soil on such a site does not swell, since water does not linger in the soil for a long time. Consider a situation where it is necessary to build a foundation on a site with a slope.
Building a house on a sloping plot of land is not only possible, but even opens up additional design possibilities.
Preparatory work and site planning
Before on a site with a slope, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:
- concrete mixer;
- roulette;
- Master OK;
- shovel;
- level;
- building level;
- boards;
- bars;
- fittings;
- expanded clay;
- crushed stone;
- sand;
- cement.
Starting the construction of a house on a site with a slope, it is necessary to plan everything in advance, plant trees and shrubs on the territory, and increase the number of drains on the site.
Building a house on a slope needs additional measures. For such work, a strip foundation is best suited, but you should know that in this case, the concrete mix will be needed much more than when building a house on a flat surface.
It is necessary to start construction with site planning. If the site with a slope is located near a cliff, then in this case the earth will gradually crumble. To prevent this from happening, it will be necessary to start landscaping the territory (planting shrubs and trees). With their roots, they will hold the ground, preventing it from shedding. Water running down the slope can also be a problem as it will flood the building. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to increase the number of drains on the site.
The further sequence of work at different levels of slope of the site will be somewhat different. Therefore, we will consider situations when it is necessary to build a foundation on a site with a small, medium and large slope.
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Foundation on a plot with a slope of small size
When building a house on a land plot with a slope, a strip foundation is considered the most appropriate option.
If the height differences in the area with a slope between the extreme points of the building are less than the accepted design depth, then the overall slope of the construction site in this case can be considered small.
Sometimes developers, in order to reduce funds for geodetic research, and novice builders who do not want to bother with extra measurements, consider the site to be flat within the building. In fact, small bumps and grass cover can hide a slope of up to 20 cm.
When digging a pit and a trench, this small difference can come to light. If you continue to ignore it in the future, then after mounting the foundation on a site with a slope, it may turn out that at the top of the site the height of the base will be, for example, 60 cm, and at the bottom - 80 cm. After vertical planning and designing the blind area, the height the plinth on one side can drop to 40 cm. A situation may arise that the air vents installed in the plinth according to the project will be below the blind area. In this case, it will be necessary to increase the height of the base.
Ultimately, the volumes of concrete laid, sand poured and earth excavated will turn out to be greater than expected. After calculating the costs, it will become clear that more money was lost on unnecessary work than was saved on geodetic surveys. Therefore, before starting on a site with a slope, it is imperative to carry out geodetic work.
Schematic representation of the strip foundation in areas with a small, medium and large slope.
It is necessary to start digging a pit and trenches in the highest part of the site, and do all the excavations at the same level. The height and depth of the foundation does not need to be changed, but if the fertile layer in some part of the site is deeper, then it will be necessary to increase the depth of the pit and trench until it is completely removed. To determine the building depth at the highest point, you can use the following expression: h T \u003d h PV + h P, where: h T is the depth of the trench (pit), h PV is the level of elevation difference, h P is the thickness of the vegetation layer.
For example, it is known that the height difference on the site is 20 cm, and the thickness of the vegetation layer is 30 cm. Then h T = h PV + h P = 20 + 30 = 50 cm.
If the site on a slope is lower than the adjacent area, the site should be protected with an earthen berm, catchment ditch, or temporary gutter during trenching to prevent rainwater from entering the trenches. After pouring the foundation on a site with a slope and removing the formwork, it is necessary to backfill and level the surface of the site so that the blind area and the vertical layout near the house are in the same plane. After constructing the blind area along the side facades and from the upland side, capital storm trays are created.
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Foundation on a site with a slope of medium size
If at the construction site the height difference is equal to the calculated recess or exceeds it by no more than 20 cm, then the slope is considered to be average. In this case, taking the highest point as the base is incorrect, because the base of the foundation at the bottom will be on or above the surface.
When building on a site with an average slope, the base point will be the lowest point within the building. Sometimes on the site the slope goes diagonally. In this case, the base point will be considered the lowest point at the intersection of the axes of the building.
The trenches in the lower part of the site are dug to the depth of the anti-heaving cushion, but not less than the depth of the fertile layer. All other work is carried out at the same level. If the height difference is equal to the accepted depth of the foundation, then its height is not changed.
If the height difference is greater than the depth of the foundation, then the depth is taken equal to the value of the difference.
Vertical dumping of the earth is done immediately after the construction of the foundation under the slope. To do this, use a well-compacted non-porous soil. In this case, when constructing the foundation, minimal labor and concrete costs are ensured, and the foundation of the building is economical and reliable. If the layout of the house is carried out with a slope, then the volume of earthworks is slightly reduced, but their cost increases.
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Foundation on a site with a large slope
On a site with a large slope, it is most rational to arrange a stepped foundation.
The slope is considered large if the height difference is much greater than the rational depth of the foundation (more than 1 m). In this case, the most correct solution would be a stepped foundation for a site with a slope. Due to the high cost of such work, this type of foundation is used only for large height differences.
In the lower part of the construction site, the foundation is constructed at the level of the soil surface, and in the upper part - with a deepening. The transition from one step to another is carried out using one or more ledges. Their height should be no more than 60 cm, and the length should not be less than twice the height. Due to the fact that more concrete needs to be spent on the lower foundation, it is necessary to design the building in such a way as to maximize the use of the upper level.
A foundation on a sloping site can become an obstacle to the movement of groundwater, which leads to an increase in moisture near the base of the building. Therefore, depending on the geological situation, it is sometimes necessary to create a drainage system at the construction site. This system is designed before filling the anti-rock cushion.
