Sometimes it seems that life circumstances are not in your favor, and building a house on difficult terrain seems like an impossible task. But as the practice of site users shows, there is a way out of any situation, the main thing is not to give up and plan everything correctly!

How to build a house on a cliff

The history of the construction of a building on a high slope teaches us that houses on the slopes can rightfully be called a dream home. But first, a little background from a forum member with a nickname 4u4undr from Moscow.

“We have been looking for a property for two years. First, in the villages, naively believing that the land there is cheaper. But I did not want to buy a plot for 2 million for 15 acres, having communications along the border, at all.

When buying a plot, remember that the term "border communications" does not mean at all that they pass near your site. Sometimes - this may mean the presence of a gas pipe several tens or even hundreds of meters from your site. And summing up the light and gas can cost a very significant amount.

Eventually 4u4undr Bought 15 acres of land. Despite the fact that the height difference was 11 meters, the future developer was bribed by a great view of the forest below and the opportunity to build a house on a slope on the site. But as it turns out, this is just the beginning of the story...

4u4undr:

– Shortly after the purchase, the bell rang, and I learned that due to difficulties with the terrain and the ravine located below, it was impossible to bring a road to our site.

It is important to remember that buying a plot on a slope for building a house is a responsible decision, because before carrying out complex landscape work, it is necessary to conduct a soil study. And if the ground "not settled yet" and its movements are possible, this greatly complicates the construction of the buildingrequires measures to be taken to strengthen the slope.

After it became clear that there would be no access road to the first section, 4u4undr decided to compromise and buy at a discount the second plot, bordering the first and which has an access road leading on top.

These hillside plots were the cheapest in the village. Almost one and a half times cheaper than flat areas. Although now I understand why. If there was no access through the top, I would probably go broke on solving problems with lifting building materials to the pit. Moreover, you can’t put a crane on a high slope.

Read our article about the features of the development of the so-called site .

After completing all the necessary documents for the purchase of plots with a total area of ​​​​30 acres, our forum member first of all purchased a rotary laser level, and, as it turned out later, he did not lose at all.

4u4undr:

- Immediately after the purchase of the level, it was tested in operation. In four hours, I alone made a complete topographical survey of the area with a grid of 5 meters. With these terrain sketches, I began to work in Google sketchup. I made a 3D relief of the site, and then I began to try on different configurations of the site of the house on it.

The task was to ensure that the building did not completely go into the slope, and that the excavation work was balanced.

On FORUMHOUSE you can find out the entire sequence of actions when .

After removing the fertile layer of soil 5 cm thick, at the first rain, the entire mass of the earth began to flow down. As measures to strengthen the slope the next way out was found - to reinforce the soil with geotextiles.

Despite the difficulties of building a house on a site with a large elevation difference, it should be remembered that each degree of the southern slope is equivalent to moving the site by 100 km. south.

Hillside house. House projects

After marking the site, a plan for the construction of a building with side dimensions of 17800mm by 12000mm was approved, and the designer entered into action.

4u4undr:

– The whole process of designing the house took place remotely using communication through a computer. I can say that this house project is for complex terrain -the best budget option, and the result I am satisfied with is 100%.

Then, with the help of a bulldozer, the excavation of the soil under the foundation pit began. As a result, when the soil was poured into the ravine, under the cliff, another good piece of another 20 m2 was added to the site.

Conclusion - do not rush to take out the excavated soil from the site, especially if there is a ravine nearby. It may well come in handy for landscaping or for backfilling.

How to build a house on a slope: site marking.

4u4undr:

- First, they marked out the site of the house, then retreated 2 meters from each side, and they dug this site. Those. the pit turned out to be 16x23. With a spot at home 12x18.6. The uppermost part of the site falls just on the fence. 1.5 meters retreated from it and dug a foundation pit - the height of the cliff turned out to be 2.7 m. From the back wall of the house to the fence 4 m. According to the project, the roof overhang will be 1 m. From the edge of the roof to the fence 3 m.

From our article you can find out the rules , regulating the location of buildings and the distance from your house to the neighbor's fence when building the site.

Features of building a house on a slope: foundation

Forumhouse users can find out all the details of the construction from the corresponding thread of our forum. Learn how to work with Join the discussion of the device on bulk soil. In our video, a forum participant will clearly tell you about the features of a Bavarian-style chalet house. And after watching another video, you will find out what it is

It is not always possible to get a perfectly flat piece of land for the construction of a country house, without hills and ravines. That is why it is often necessary to build a basement on a slope, which somewhat increases labor costs and financial investments. Moreover, the projects of structures erected on the slopes differ significantly from the standard ones.

Previously, for each individual building that was supposed to be built on a slope, it was necessary to develop a project individually, and then approve it and coordinate it. Today, many construction companies offer standard designs for such structures, which saves money at the design stage, as well as during construction, because all possible nuances will be taken into account in advance.

The basement floor in a house located on a slope, as a rule, has an asymmetrical shape from the outside, however, with the proper approach, you can get a perfectly square or rectangular underground room. In such houses, on the one hand, the basement remains underground, and on the opposite side it goes outside.

Features of the design of buildings on a slope

If it is not possible to build a country house on a flat plot, then in the design process you need to take into account some points:

1. At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to correctly and accurately make all the calculations. To do this, experts take into account the height difference, soil composition, weather conditions and other factors that affect the operation of the building in the future. Only professionals can make such calculations, so the help of specialists will be required.
2. Even when choosing a typical project for building a house on a slope, it will be necessary to refine it in accordance with the specific features of the area and the future house. At this stage, again, consultations with specialists are required.
3. The foundations of buildings on slopes need high-quality and effective insulation, because there is a high probability of erosion of the base by groundwater. Even in cases where the foundation does not experience strong destructive effects, the moisture flowing down from the slope will still affect the basement.
4. In some cases, the movement of special equipment along inclined sections is difficult, and this circumstance must be taken into account before starting construction work.

Given what was said above, we can conclude that a house with a basement on a slope is a costly, but quite feasible idea.

The dependence of construction technology on the slope

The difficulty of erecting a building on slopes (in most cases) will depend on the slope. A flat area is one where the slope is no more than 3%. If the slope is not more than 8%, then it is considered small; if not more than 20%, then this is an average slope; with a slope of 20% or more, the surface is steep.

• Slope up to 8%. The terrain with such a slope is well suited for the construction of country houses with basement floors. However, during the construction process, the earth is filled with soil from the foothill part, so that it is possible to increase the size of the terrace.
• Slope over 8%. In this case, it is extremely convenient to use the natural unevenness of the terrain in order to build a basement. The site is often not leveled, but an underground floor is arranged, as if cutting out part of the soil from the slope. This construction method is very good so that you can make a garage with a convenient entrance. When implementing this solution, it is necessary to create a high-quality waterproofing layer on the walls where they will come into contact with the ground. It is best to do external waterproofing. Insulation must also be placed under the foundation before it is poured.
• Slope over 15%. In this case, it is necessary to refine the design of the building so that it is possible to take advantage of the steepness of the slope to the maximum. For example, a project with a multi-tiered building is very often chosen, as well as with several entrances to separate tiers. In addition, a steep section can be made relatively flat by placing terraces at different levels. Then one part of the building, located above, will serve as the first floor, and located below - the basement. The basement here will be small, so a garage is often made from it. With a slope of 20% or more, experts strongly recommend using a multi-tiered layout.

Which foundation to choose?

For building a house on a site with a slope, various types of foundations are suitable. Among them are the foundations described below.

Tape

When building a strip foundation, one part of the basement of the building must be immersed deeper into the slope than the other. One of the base faces will play the role of a retaining wall. The device of such a foundation is a relatively costly undertaking, but it is quite justified if a country house is supposed to be built of concrete or brick.

Work in this case is carried out in the following sequence:

• In the plane of the grillage at an angle of 90 degrees, a small part of the slope is removed.
• Then along the cut it is necessary to dig a trench.
• The formwork is mounted and the cement-sand mortar is poured.
• As soon as the solution completely hardens, a support embankment is made, due to which the slope height is leveled in any direction.

Columnar

A foundation of this type is recommended to be done in a foothill area or in a site located between hills. The basement floor in this case will be large enough. If a significant transverse load is expected, it is best not to use foundation posts, because they may not withstand. The process of building a foundation on a slope is almost similar to the technology of building a columnar foundation on a flat surface.

The foundation is arranged in several stages:

• The upper wall is erected in the form of a tape with a trapezoidal section.
• Then the lower wall is arranged in the same way.
• After that, soil is poured into the space between the walls and compacted. In addition, pits are arranged around the perimeter of the foundation.
• The pillars are poured or placed in the pits, and a beam or monolithic grillage is also arranged.

pile

This type of foundation can be used to build a building on any slope, because earthwork is not required. In this case, it will only be necessary to screw the piles to different depths, placing their tops in the same horizontal plane. As soon as the piles are installed, it is necessary to make a grillage slab. The base in this case can be of any size.

An example of a house with a pile foundation.

Construction takes place in the following sequence:

• The initial pile is screwed in at the highest point of the foundation. Its upper part will become the minimum height of the base.
• The upper part of the corner lower pile is the maximum height of the base.
• The remaining piles must be screwed in or driven in so that their upper part fully corresponds to the required height.
• As soon as the installation of the piles is completed, it is necessary to fill in a monolithic grillage with a retaining bottom and all the required sides.

The basement of a house built on such a foundation can be used in different ways.

You can make a high-quality and reliable base in a building located on almost any slope. The main thing in this case is the observance of technology and the implementation of correct calculations, coupled with the professional development of the project. The basement of a country house located on a slope often acts as a garage, which is very convenient in terms of organizing the premises in the building.

In the first two articles, we talked about how the terrain features affect the construction of a house and how best to place your building in the existing landscape of the site. We conclude the series of articles with a story about how exactly the direction of the slope of the terrain affects the choice of a place for a house.

The location of the house on a site with a southern or eastern slope

The southern slopes, of course, are more warmed by the sun. Therefore, you should try to orient the living quarters to the east, southeast or south. By placing the house on the southern slope, you can save resources for heating the building during the heating period. There is enough heat on the southeastern and eastern slopes. These directions are especially favorable for areas with a cold climate. For warm areas, such slopes are successful because coolness sets in here earlier. If you place the entrance to the house on the south side, then in winter there will be less snow and it will melt faster in the spring. The southern slope is less windy, and the sun warms more, illuminating the rooms and the terrace. Realizing, for example, the project of a two-story house with a garage, it is worth placing it on the southern slope closer to the eastern boundary of the land allotment.

The location of the house on a plot with a northern slope

It is not recommended to place houses on the northern slopes, unless we are talking about a site located in a hot climate. If it is necessary to determine a place for a house on the northern slope, then they build it in the middle, as close as possible to its western border.

The location of the house on a plot with a western slope

The western slopes are known for being very hot in the afternoon sun, so they are also not recommended for construction. This applies to all climatic regions. If there is a plot for construction located on the western or eastern slopes, then the house should be located at its northern border at its highest point, placing all outbuildings below.

cold pocket

When placing a house on rough terrain, one should take into account the cold air currents that go down at night. An obstacle in the form of a wall of a house that has arisen in its path contributes to the formation of a “frost pocket” or “cold pocket”, the temperature in which will be 9 degrees lower than that of the environment.

Winter Garden

If the house is planned to be decorated with a winter garden, then it is ideal to attach it on the north side. In addition to its main purpose, this room will serve as a thermal buffer. In addition, you can avoid the installation of sun protection devices and not be afraid that the plants will be exposed to direct sunlight. The open part of the winter garden is better to focus on the slope.

The basic rules for the location of the house on a relief plot:

1. It is necessary to ensure a distance of at least 6 meters from the living rooms of the house to the buildings on the neighboring site.
2. If the size of the site allows, it is worth removing animal shelters, toilets and compost pits at a distance of 15 meters from the house, placing them at the bottom of the slope.
3. You can free up space for driving on the site by moving the house to the border of the territory (relevant for those who have chosen the project of a two-story garage).

Any uneven terrain complicates the preparatory work for construction:

1. The project for the construction of a house must be developed individually, tying it to the existing conditions of the area.
2. The project must take into account the location of the site and its slope.
3. Before proceeding with the development of the project, it is necessary to perform complex calculations.
4. If you prefer the project of a two-story house with a basement, special attention should be paid to the issue of isolating the surfaces of the building adjacent to the ground from the effects of groundwater.
5. It may also be difficult to build terraces or excavate part of the slope for the construction of a basement.

All these factors require additional financial investments. But in many cases, uneven terrain can inspire bold experiments to create a fun modern home. Competent organization of the site for construction and the location of the house and other buildings on the ground, taking into account its features, will make the site unique.

The construction of a house on a site with a slope is associated with a lot of difficulties and increased financial costs. But having overcome the problems that arise, as a result, you can get an original building, which will not only be a functional and comfortable residential building, but also stand out with non-standard design solutions.

Choosing a project for building on a slope

Like any other construction, the construction of a residential cottage on a slope site begins with a plan.

It is best to apply for such a service to specialized companies, because a typical project in this case will not work. Architects and designers will analyze the shape of the site, and create plans for the building, in accordance with the terrain.

The angle of inclination of the land plot has a digital value, is calculated according to a certain formula, and is measured as a percentage. For example, if the allotment has a length of 100 meters and, at the same time, its vertical rise is 10 m, then its slope is 10%.

There is a certain gradation of the unevenness of the sections, depending on the magnitude of the angle:

• until 3%- such areas are considered flat;
• up to 8%- small slope;
• up to 20%- average;
• over 20%- steep slope

The main headache of the developer is how to properly design and build a house on medium and steep sites. For a flat area, you can easily pick up almost any type of project you like. What can not be said if the land is on a slope - if a hill “crashes” into your house, here, whatever one may say, you will have to order / develop an individual one.

Two types of houses are built on medium and steep slopes:

1. Stepped- each floor / section of the cottage is arranged in levels (one above the other), in accordance with the slope of the earth, and has its own roof. Such buildings are:
2. Cascade-sectional– suitable for land with a slope angle of up to 20%;
3. Terraced- erected on land plots with a slope of more than 20%;
4. Houses of variable number of storeys- in this case, the entire area of ​​​​the premises is under one common roof, but the number of floors may vary, depending on the terrain.

We design an entrance

When developing a project, it is necessary to take into account on which side the entrance for cars will be? If from the top of the slope, then the house must be planned accordingly. From the street, such a building will seem insignificant, and only by going inside, it will be possible to assess the true size of the mansion.

If the access road runs along the lower boundary of the site, then the buildings located on it will be fully visible from the road, because visually the site with the buildings will go down the slope. This means the layout of the building, and households. buildings need to be correlated taking into account not only the convenience of access roads, but also security and privacy.

Focusing on the world

Experts advise to pay attention also to the orientation of the house on the slope relative to the cardinal points.

Building a house on the east and south side, which is warmer by the sun and protected from cold winds, will save on heating.

Features of the arrangement of the foundation on a site with a slope

Mandatory steps, before starting construction on difficult terrain, are geodetic measurements. They allow you to accurately determine the degree of slope. In parallel, hydrogeological surveys are being carried out aimed at identifying the level of groundwater occurrence and determining the composition of the soil at the site.

Based on the results of these studies, the optimal foundation option will be selected that can withstand the expected load.

It is not worth saving on these works, because mistakes made when laying the foundation of a building can lead to its deformation, partial or even complete destruction.

What types of foundations are suitable for uneven areas?

Even on a flat area of ​​​​the earth, special attention is paid to the arrangement of the foundation. After all, the durability of the house depends to a large extent on its strength and reliability. In areas with a slope, three types of foundations are used:

1. Tape;
2. stepped;
3. pile.

Let us examine in more detail the features of each of them.

Strip foundation

The tape type is used on land plots with a slight slope. In areas with an inclination angle of more than 20%, arranging this type of foundation becomes economically impractical only if you plan to build a basement.

The horizontal level of the upper plane of the strip foundation must be ideal. A mandatory step is reinforcement, which will give the base the necessary strength.

Soils that are not prone to seasonal freezing (heaving) and waterlogging are suitable for pouring. If necessary, a small slope is leveled by pouring and ramming it to the required level.

stepped foundation

A variation of the tape is a stepped foundation. It is advisable to use it in areas with a sufficiently large height difference.

In this case, before pouring concrete, terraces are arranged, equal in area to parts of the house. A trench is dug at each site, formwork is mounted and reinforced.

Parts of the base are interconnected by jumpers or retaining walls. The total slope angle of the stepped foundation must match the slope angle of the soil layer with bearing capacity.

pile foundation

The pile type of foundation is the most common type used in the construction of houses on sloping plots. Here, retaining columns are used for construction.

The most popular solution is to drive screw piles, followed by the creation of bridges between them. This type has a number of advantages:

• It can be installed on heaving and mobile soils, because the piles are driven in well below the freezing level;
• Suitable for areas with a wide variety of slope angles;
• If structurally necessary, a combination with other types of foundation is possible.

Yes, and in most cases (unless a significant deepening of the piles is required), such a foundation for a house is much cheaper than other options.

A properly calculated and erected foundation will last for many years, without loss of strength, withstanding the effects of ground pressure and precipitation.

Therefore, when choosing and laying the foundation, it is worth listening to the recommendations of specialists and not saving on materials. Thrift in this case can significantly reduce the strength of the building and lead to other troubles during the operation of the house.

What should be considered when building a house on a land plot with a slope?

A sloping site will require a more thorough approach to planning the placement of a residential building and buildings. It is very important to correctly make the correct calculations of the depth of the foundation, as well as the distribution of the load on it:

1. Temperature changes

Night cold air always descends down the slope, and therefore a house erected in the lower part of the site will be in the path of its natural movement.

As a result, a "cold pocket" is formed. The temperature in it is several degrees lower than around, which is unacceptable for a residential building.

2. Water flows

The lower part of the slope (lowland) can often be flooded and even swamped, due to the accumulation of precipitation, and this negatively affects the structure.

For a cottage built on the highest point of the site, the problem of drainage is so great. In this case, using the features of the relief, it is possible to organize a natural runoff of surface waters.

Particular attention must be paid to waterproofing and drainage. After all, rain and melt water, flowing down an inclined surface, can wash away the foundation or even destroy it. It is possible to direct drains away from the building with the help of well-organized storm and drainage systems.

3. Soil movement and landslides

Before you start building on a site with a slope, it is recommended to carry out geodetic surveys.

If there is even the slightest hint of possible ground instability and soil movement, it is impossible to build on such a slope without strengthening. With a small slope, it will be enough to plant trees and shrubs, which hold the soil with their roots. But with a strong elevation difference, it is better to strengthen the soil with geogrids and piles.

Prior to construction, the land must be protected from landslides. For this, temporary retaining walls, piles, poles are built, driven into the ground in places most prone to displacement.

4. Entrance and location of special equipment

The organization of a construction site in such areas can be a problem. After all, you need a flat area for unloading building materials. Yes, and construction equipment on an inclined surface is not very convenient to work.

These issues should be taken care of in advance: prepare a flat horizontal place for unloading and temporary storage of building materials, organize access roads.

There is an opinion that for construction work it is better to cut off the slope and build on a flat area. This is fundamentally wrong. This method will disrupt the natural structure of the relief, which can lead to a change in the natural water horizon, and this is fraught with landslides. Yes, and it is extremely difficult to obtain permission from the administration to carry out such work.

conclusions

Building on a site with a slope has a number of undeniable advantages. This mainly concerns the visual component, because a multi-level house, on a hill, with a terrace, with several exits, looks much more interesting than housing built on flat land.

However, it should be noted that the construction of a cottage on an uneven site is fraught with a number of difficulties, and in order to solve them, the solution of which will take money. Saving money on the project, preparation of the territory, soil research is not advisable and, in some cases, even dangerous. The better these works are carried out, the foundation is laid, other parts of the project are implemented, the longer the house will please with warmth and comfort.

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The construction of a private house is best done on a flat area that does not have a height difference, because with a slope there is a danger of the earth sliding, which can cause the building to collapse. If your land is located on a slope, then you should not be upset, because in this case you can find your positive sides. Firstly, the house can be built at different levels, and secondly, the soil on such a site does not swell, since water does not linger in the soil for a long time. Consider a situation where it is necessary to build a foundation on a site with a slope.

Building a house on a sloping plot of land is not only possible, but even opens up additional design possibilities.

Preparatory work and site planning

Before on a site with a slope, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and materials:

• concrete mixer;
• roulette;
• Master OK;
• shovel;
• level;
• building level;
• boards;
• bars;
• fittings;
• expanded clay;
• crushed stone;
• sand;
• cement.

Starting the construction of a house on a site with a slope, it is necessary to plan everything in advance, plant trees and shrubs on the territory, and increase the number of drains on the site.

Building a house on a slope needs additional measures. For such work, a strip foundation is best suited, but you should know that in this case, the concrete mix will be needed much more than when building a house on a flat surface.

It is necessary to start construction with site planning. If the site with a slope is located near a cliff, then in this case the earth will gradually crumble. To prevent this from happening, it will be necessary to start landscaping the territory (planting shrubs and trees). With their roots, they will hold the ground, preventing it from shedding. Water running down the slope can also be a problem as it will flood the building. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to increase the number of drains on the site.

The further sequence of work at different levels of slope of the site will be somewhat different. Therefore, we will consider situations when it is necessary to build a foundation on a site with a small, medium and large slope.

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Foundation on a plot with a slope of small size

When building a house on a land plot with a slope, a strip foundation is considered the most appropriate option.

If the height differences in the area with a slope between the extreme points of the building are less than the accepted design depth, then the overall slope of the construction site in this case can be considered small.

Sometimes developers, in order to reduce funds for geodetic research, and novice builders who do not want to bother with extra measurements, consider the site to be flat within the building. In fact, small bumps and grass cover can hide a slope of up to 20 cm.

When digging a pit and a trench, this slight difference may come to light. If you continue to ignore it in the future, then after mounting the foundation on a site with a slope, it may turn out that at the top of the site the height of the base will be, for example, 60 cm, and at the bottom - 80 cm. After vertical planning and designing the blind area, the height the plinth on one side can drop to 40 cm. A situation may arise that the air vents installed in the plinth according to the project will be below the blind area. In this case, it will be necessary to increase the height of the base.

Ultimately, the volumes of concrete laid, sand poured and earth excavated will turn out to be greater than expected. After calculating the costs, it will become clear that more money was lost on unnecessary work than saved on geodetic surveys. Therefore, before starting on a site with a slope, it is imperative to carry out geodetic work.

Schematic representation of the strip foundation in areas with a small, medium and large slope.

It is necessary to start digging a pit and trenches in the highest part of the site, and do all the excavations at the same level. The height and depth of the foundation does not need to be changed, but if the fertile layer in some part of the site is deeper, then it will be necessary to increase the depth of the pit and trench until it is completely removed. To determine the building depth at the highest point, you can use the following expression: h T \u003d h PV + h P, where: h T is the depth of the trench (pit), h PV is the level of elevation difference, h P is the thickness of the vegetation layer.

For example, it is known that the height difference on the site is 20 cm, and the thickness of the vegetation layer is 30 cm. Then h T = h PV + h P = 20 + 30 = 50 cm.

If the site on a slope is lower than the adjacent area, the site should be protected with an earthen berm, catchment ditch, or temporary gutter during trenching to prevent rainwater from entering the trenches. After pouring the foundation on a site with a slope and removing the formwork, it is necessary to backfill and level the surface of the site so that the blind area and the vertical layout near the house are in the same plane. After constructing the blind area along the side facades and from the upland side, capital storm trays are created.

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Foundation on a site with a slope of medium size

If at the construction site the height difference is equal to the calculated recess or exceeds it by no more than 20 cm, then the slope is considered to be average. In this case, taking the highest point as the base is incorrect, because the base of the foundation at the bottom will be on or above the surface.

When building on a site with an average slope, the base point will be the lowest point within the building. Sometimes on the site the slope goes diagonally. In this case, the base point will be considered the lowest point at the intersection of the axes of the building.

The trenches in the lower part of the site are dug to the depth of the anti-heaving cushion, but not less than the depth of the fertile layer. All other work is carried out at the same level. If the height difference is equal to the accepted depth of the foundation, then its height is not changed.

If the height difference is greater than the depth of the foundation, then the depth is taken equal to the value of the difference.

Vertical dumping of the earth is done immediately after the construction of the foundation under the slope. To do this, use a well-compacted non-porous soil. In this case, when constructing the foundation, minimal labor and concrete costs are ensured, and the foundation of the building is economical and reliable. If the layout of the house is carried out with a slope, then the volume of earthworks is slightly reduced, but their cost increases.

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Foundation on a site with a large slope

On a site with a large slope, it is most rational to arrange a stepped foundation.

The slope is considered large if the height difference is much greater than the rational depth of the foundation (more than 1 m). In this case, the most correct solution would be a stepped foundation for a site with a slope. Due to the high cost of such work, this type of foundation is used only for large height differences.

In the lower part of the construction site, the foundation is constructed at the level of the soil surface, and in the upper part - with a deepening. The transition from one step to another is carried out using one or more ledges. Their height should be no more than 60 cm, and the length should not be less than twice the height. Due to the fact that more concrete needs to be spent on the lower foundation, it is necessary to design the building in such a way as to maximize the use of the upper level.

A foundation on a sloping site can become an obstacle to the movement of groundwater, which leads to an increase in moisture near the base of the building. Therefore, depending on the geological situation, it is sometimes necessary to create a drainage system at the construction site. This system is designed before filling the anti-rock cushion.