The indicator of the average salary allows us to trace the positive or negative dynamics of the growth in the welfare of the population in the country.
Although the average calculation cannot reflect the real situation regarding various segments of the population, it makes it possible to compare the existing income with those minimum indicators that are necessary to maintain life and improve life.
Statistics registers in 2018 a significant increase in both the average salary in Russia and the entire economy of the country. However, it should be noted that different regions of the country have significantly different figures from each other, which cannot but be reflected in the standard of living of a particular district. Regular calculations of averages allow not only to compare data, but also to respond to the identified changes.
The average salary in Russia is an unstable indicator, its value is influenced by various factors, both external and internal. A significant increase in this indicator occurred after the changes in the calculation of the average were introduced. Previously, when calculating, only the salary was taken into account, that is, the established basis, which is accrued to employees under any conditions. Now, to obtain the average figure, a wider range of data is taken, which includes allowances and bonuses.
The average salary affects all economically significant values. In addition, both the minimum wage and the living wage are in some way co-dependent with this indicator.
The dependency is expressed as follows:
- The state establishes a living wage, which is formed on the basis of the food basket and vital goods, the purchase of which makes it possible to meet the minimum human needs. The living wage is set on average across the country, but may be adjusted depending on the region.
- Based on the PM, the minimum wage is set. It should be mentioned that earlier these indicators did not depend on each other, and the minimum wage was often less than the PM. In 2018, this difference was decided to be eliminated.
- The minimum wage is the value below which the employer cannot establish when assigning wages to employees.
Thus, both the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage directly affect the average wage in the country, although they are formed not only from them. Employers have the right to set salaries and tariff rates themselves, but at the same time they cannot prescribe them below the allowed minimum. The PM and the minimum wage are regularly indexed to the amount of established inflation, which also increases the average.
Comparison with salaries in other countries
According to the results for 2017, Russia is in 66th place in the global ranking of countries in terms of average wages.
The final figures for 2018 have not yet been summed up, but the current trend suggests an increase in the level in this rating by several points. Nevertheless, today, out of 157 countries of the world taken by Eurostat, the Russian Federation is not in the worst, but, unfortunately, not in a very enviable position.
Average salaries in the world are as follows (data are given in US dollars):
- One of the highest paid countries is Switzerland, which has an average per capita income of $6,300.
- In Norway, the average is 4,800.
- USA - 4,500.
- Germany - 4,300.
- Japan - 4,100.
- South Korea - 2,700.
- Poland - 1,480.
- Greece - 1,320.
- Estonia - 1,280.
- Slovakia - 1,050.
- Russia - 700.
- Belarus - 430.
- Ukraine - 290.
Most of the countries of the former CIS exist within the range of 100-400 USD. income per month. And the most difficult situation is observed in African states, where the standard of living is so low that the average income is within $50 per month.
Change in the amount of wages by years
The size of wages is steadily growing, in order to follow the pace of growth, let's take two indicators for comparison - the minimum wage and the average salary in Russia.
Over the past 10 years, the minimum wage has changed as follows:
- 2009 - 4,330 rubles.
- 2011 – 4 611.
- 2013 – 5 205.
- 2014 – 5 554.
- 2015 – 5 965.
- 2016 - 6,204, and later 7,500.
- 2017 – 7 800.
- From 01.01.2018 - 9 489.
- From 05/01/2018 it will be increased to 11,163.
The figures for average wages also grew and changed:
- 2009 - 18,755 rubles.
- 2010 – 20 880.
- 2011 – 23 370.
- 2012 -26 820.
- 2013 – 29 795.
- 2014 – 32 587.
- 2015 – 33 876.
- 2016 – 36 203.
- 2017 – 37 100.
The planned increase in the minimum wage in May 2018 will significantly affect the increase in the average income of a Russian, but do not forget that prices are rising along with wages. Most often, the level of inflation is not fully compensated in minimum terms.
Another significant disadvantage of increases is the fact that prices rise throughout the year, and compensation is assigned only at the end of it, which undoubtedly introduces a dissonance between real incomes and living expenses.
Wage indicators
Speaking about the average data, it is difficult to present the situation more specifically, so Rosstat considers these indicators in a narrower range.
Earnings are affected by:
- The considered region of the Russian Federation.
- An industry in which employees are employed.
- The value of the city itself, whether it is a regional, district center or an ordinary small village.
The personal qualities of employees and the acquired knowledge also affect the level of income:
- The profession often determines the initial minimum income levels, which can later be increased with due diligence.
- The length of service increases the skill level of both the worker and the employee, which means that it can also affect pay.
- Achievements in work also allow you to add additional payments to the already existing salary.
The given personal characteristics are difficult to summarize in statistical tables, but, of course, the higher the labor consciousness of citizens and the higher the desire to provide themselves and their children with a worthy future, the better the performance of both the individual and the country as a whole.
By industry
Not all industries are highly profitable, and therefore belonging to a particular sector of production often determines the amount of income.
Rosstat provides the following data on industries in the Russian Federation:
- Fuel energy, including the processing of fuel resources and their direct supply to the consumer, is in the lead with indicators of 80 thousand rubles.
- Financial activities - 73,000.
- The mining industry, which is mostly represented by oil and gas companies, has an average salary of about 70 thousand rubles.
- Fishing - 55,000.
- Extraction of other minerals (except for oil and gas) - 51,000.
- Transport sectors are in fourth position - 43,000.
- Real estate sector - 42,500.
- Public sector - 40,000.
- Electricity industry - 37,500.
- Manufacturing - 35,000.
- Construction - 32,000.
- Provision of public services - 31,500.
- Healthcare - 29,500.
- Education - 29,000.
- Trade - 28,700.
- Hotel and restaurant business - 22,000.
- Agriculture - 21,700.
The given data clearly demonstrate that oilmen and financiers can boast of the highest incomes, but agriculture, unfortunately, is in the rank of the most lagging behind, although, undoubtedly, it is no less important for the country.
By region
The Russian Federation is too big to evaluate it as a whole.
Regions differ in their weather conditions, population, represented by industries. All this together affects the income level of citizens living there. Therefore, often all average indicators are presented not for Russia as a whole, but for individual regions.
At the beginning of 2018, the spread of average wages by region is as follows:
- In the Central Federal District, which includes, among other things, Moscow and the Moscow Region - 49,390 rubles.
- Northwestern Federal District, including St. Petersburg - 44,178.
- Southern - 28 294.
- North Caucasian - 23,081.
- Privolzhsky - 28,294.
- Ural - 44 178.
- Siberian - 33 878.
- Far East - 44,178.
Each district captures vast territories, so there are also significant variations in averages within it.
By city
Official statistics provide a calculation of the average salary for each city of the Russian Federation separately, but we will present these data in separate blocks from the richest to the lowest income.
So, the 10 leaders of the Russian Federation in terms of average income are represented by the following cities and districts:
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 70,620.
- Moscow - 66 880.
- Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - 61,930.
- Chukotsk - 56,100.
- Magadan - 55 880.
- Sakha - 53 460.
- Sakhalin - 51,260.
- Kamchatka - 50,600.
- Tyumen - 50 160.
- St. Petersburg - 45,430.
The lowest incomes in:
- Dagestan - 17,270.
- Kemerovo -17 490.
- Novosibirsk - 17,600.
- Smolensk - 20 020.
- Kalmykia and Tver - 20,130.
The data show that the spread of wages by city varies significantly, and Moscow and those regions that are engaged in oil and gas production and fishing are considered the most profitable.
Envelope payment problem
Unemployment and black wages significantly reduce the average income of the population. Often the lack of employment does not mean the lack of income, people work unofficially, which, of course, harm not only themselves, but also society. Illegal payments of earned money not only do not allow you to correctly calculate the total figures, the problem of black and gray amounts is the lack of deductible taxes from them.
It would seem that paying taxes to a pension fund or not is a personal matter, each person decides for himself whether he wants to think about his old age or not. However, black incomes are reflected in the overall replenishment of the country's budget, because employers also do not deduct taxes from these amounts. Disruptions in budget allocations affect all segments of the population, from newborns to pensioners. Each socially protected group of the population receives the required provision from the budget, and the greater the inflow of funds into it, the higher the assigned benefits. In addition, people with illegal income cannot get a salary certificate, which is often needed when applying for bank loans.
The highest paid professions
Choosing a profession often decides a person's future life. Each era dictates its own conditions, and in different years in the country and in the world different specialties were held in high esteem.
Speaking of today, there are many professions that are relevant and in demand, of course, the main criterion for their evaluation is salary.
The highest paid professions for 2018:
- Pilot - 62,000.
- Air traffic controller - 57,000.
- Web programmer - 47,000.
- Lawyer - 40,000.
- Economist - 37,500.
- Dentist - 37,300.
- HSE Engineer - 37,000.
- Designer - 36 700.
- Gasman - 36,500.
- Miner - 36,400.
- Head physician - 33 750.
- Auditor - 32,400.
- Translator - 32 300.
- Welder - 31,000.
These are far from all the professions in demand, but, undoubtedly, the most highly paid.
The lowest paid professions
Contrary to popular belief that those who have no profession earn the least, this is not always the case.
The lowest paid professions are:
- Librarian - 11,500.
- Janitor - 14,000.
- Watchman - 15,000.
- Kindergarten nanny - 15,500.
- Nurse - 20,000.
- Security guard, courier - 24,000.
- Loader - 25,000.
- Seller, educator - 26,000.
Of course, within each specified profession there are various payment options, but on average, the situation with income for these lines looks exactly like this.
Calculation of the average salary
The average salary is calculated not only in order to assess how a particular region lives, an industry develops, or the well-being of citizens increases. This indicator is widely used for various calculations.
The most common and striking examples of its use are:
- Calculation of pension.
- Alimony calculation.
To calculate a pension
In 2018, pension benefits are calculated using the following formula:
Basic (social) part + insurance (earned) pension.
The social size of the pension benefit is taken as a general figure at the state level. It is calculated on the basis of certain indicators and is regularly increased by a factor that depends on the established level of inflation in the country. A citizen cannot influence the base part with his personal indicators.
The insurance part of the pension is calculated as follows:
The amount of accumulated individual points * for the cost of 1 IPC.
The amount of IPC is calculated based on two indicators:
- Years worked during which premiums were paid.
- The arithmetic mean between the income earned by the employee himself and the level that is recognized as average at the time of calculation.
Conversion of average values is made in the course of accumulation of points.
To keep alimony
Alimony payments are assigned in two ways:
- As a percentage of available income.
- stable amount.
Both rates apply to the appointment of alimony for:
- Underage children.
- Disabled spouses.
- Parents who are retired or have a disability.
In practice, deduction of alimony as a percentage is made only for minor children. The following rates apply.
Russia is distinguished not only by its large territory, but also by very high wages.
What is the average salary in Russia?
If we compare the level of average monthly income in 2019 with salaries in Russia in 2020, it can be noted that the average salary in Russia has increased by 12% over the past year. But it should be borne in mind that the salary increase in Russia in 2020 took place exclusively in the national currency.
In terms of currency, the salary in Russia in 2020 increased due to a slight depreciation of the foreign currency.
The average salary in Russia in dollar terms in 2020 is significantly lower than in more developed countries, such as the Baltic states and.
According to statistics, the highest salaries in Russia are observed in two cities of this country: in Moscow and the cultural capital of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg.
There has always been a large gap between average wages in Russia among the regions. But in recent years (2017-2020), the trend of increasing the gap between the indicators has only intensified. This is due primarily to the onset of the economic crisis, as a result of which the foreign exchange rate has sharply increased.
Due to the increase, the income of the population living in provincial areas has decreased. Against this background, the unemployment rate has risen significantly. Therefore, many people from provincial regions moved to large cities in order to find employment.
The average salary in Russia in 2019-2020 is equal to the amount of 36 thousand rubles.
Table: statistics comparing average wages in Russia by region
| Region, district, republic | Average salary (expressed in rubles) |
| Belgorod | 27 280 |
| Bryansk | 20 790 |
| Vladimir | 22 770 |
| Voronezh | 26 070 |
| Ivanovo | 21 120 |
| Kaluga | 27 060 |
| Kostroma | 22 550 |
| Kursk | 22 770 |
| Lipetsk | 24 640 |
| Moscow region | 42 460 |
| Eagle | 16 830 |
| Ryazan | 21 340 |
| Smolensk | 20 020 |
| Tambov | 21 450 |
| Tver | 20 130 |
| Tula | 25 520 |
| Yaroslavl | 26 620 |
| Moscow | 66 880 |
| Karelia | 32 450 |
| Komi | 39 380 |
| Arkhangelsk | 36 850 |
| Vologda | 28 820 |
| Kaliningrad | 28 820 |
| Leningrad region | 28 050 |
| Murmansk | 43 670 |
| Novgorod | 27 390 |
| Pskov | 24 310 |
| Saint Petersburg | 45 430 |
| Adygea | 20 680 |
| Kalmykia | 20 130 |
| Krasnodar | 25 850 |
| Astrakhan | 27 390 |
| Volgograd | 23 650 |
| Rostov | 23 320 |
| Dagestan | 25 160 |
| Ingushetia | 20 790 |
| Kabardino-Balkarian | 18 920 |
| Karachay-Cherkess | 18 040 |
| North Ossetia | 18 590 |
| Chechen | 21 010 |
| Stavropol | 22 000 |
| Bashkortostan | 28 160 |
| Mari El | 21 230 |
| Mordovia | 20 900 |
| Tatarstan | 27 060 |
| Udmurt | 23 430 |
| Chuvash | 22 990 |
| Permian | 27 280 |
| Kirov | 22 880 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 26 840 |
| Orenburg | 26 070 |
| Penza | 22 990 |
| Samara | 27 060 |
| Saratov | 23 430 |
| Ulyanovsk | 22 880 |
| Mound | 22 770 |
| Sverdlovsk | 32 780 |
| Tyumen | 50 160 |
| Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | 61 930 |
| 70 620 | |
| Chelyabinsk | 26 620 |
| Altai | 24 860 |
| Buryatia | 27 720 |
| Tuva | 30 580 |
| Khakassia | 32 010 |
| Transbaikalia | 25 300 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 29 260 |
| Irkutsk | 32 450 |
| Kemerovo | 17 490 |
| Novosibirsk | 17 600 |
| Omsk | 28 820 |
| Tomsk | 32 230 |
| Sakha | 53 460 |
| Kamchatka | 50 600 |
| Primorsk | 33 990 |
| Khabarovsk | 35 200 |
| Amur | 34 540 |
| Magadan | 55 880 |
| Sakhalin | 51 260 |
| Chukotka | 56 100 |
The biggest salaries in Russia are in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In dollar terms, the average salary in these cities ranges from $700 to $1,000, while the average salary across all regions is only $570.
This level of wages significantly exceeded the average monthly income of residents of Ukraine ($440), Tajikistan ($140), Azerbaijan ($300) and Kyrgyzstan ($220). 
Analysis of the minimum income by region
The minimum wage is the minimum salary that an organization can pay to its employee. Each region has a different minimum wage rate.
In 2020, the minimum wage in Russia was raised to 12,130 rubles.
The increase came into effect on January 1, 2020. Until that moment, the smallest salary was 11,280 rubles.
But the size of the minimum wage also directly depends on the region and place of employment. The salary of state employees in all regions of Russia is much lower than the salary of people working in non-budgetary organizations.
Table: list of minimum wages in various regions of the Russian Federation
| Province/County | Established minimum wage for public sector enterprises (expressed in rubles) |
| Belgorod | 11 280 |
| Bryansk | 11 280 |
| Vladimir | 11 280 |
| Voronezh | 11 280 |
| Ivanovo | 11 280 |
| Kaluga | 11 280 |
| Kostroma | 12 837 |
| Kursk | 11 280 |
| Lipetsk | 11 280 |
| Moscow region | 14 200 |
| Eagle | 11 280 |
| Ryazan | 11 280 |
| Smolensk | 11 280 |
| Tambov | 11 280 |
| Tver | 11 280 |
| Tula | 11 280 |
| Yaroslavl | 11 280 |
| Moscow | 18 742 |
| Karelia | 11 280 |
| Komi | 11 280 |
| Arkhangelsk | 11 280 |
| Vologda | 11 280 |
| Kaliningrad | 11 280 |
| Leningrad | 11 280 |
| Murmansk | 25 675 |
| Novgorod | 11 280 |
| Pskov | 11 280 |
| Saint Petersburg | 17 000 |
| Adygea | 11 280 |
| Kalmykia | 11 280 |
| Krasnodar | 11 280 |
| Astrakhan | 11 280 |
| Volgograd | 11 280 |
| Rostov | 11 280 |
| Dagestan | 11 280 |
| Ingushetia | 11 280 |
| Balkarskaya | 11 280 |
| Circassian | 11 280 |
| North Ossetia | 11 280 |
| Chechen | 11 280 |
| Stavropol | 11 280 |
| Bashkortostan | 11 280 |
| Mari El | 11 280 |
| Mordovia | 11 280 |
| Tatarstan | 11 280 |
| Udmurt republic | 12 837 |
| Chuvash | 11 280 |
| Permian | 11 280 |
| Kirov | 11 280 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 11 280 |
| Orenburg | 12 838 |
| Penza | 11 280 |
| Samara | 11 280 |
| Saratov | 11 280 |
| Ulyanovsk | 11 280 |
| Mound | 11 280 |
| Ekaterinburg | 11 280 |
| Tyumen | 11 280 |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 12 430 |
| Chelyabinsk | 12 838 |
| Altai | 11 280 |
| Buryatia | 11 280 |
| Tuva | 11 280 |
| Khakassia | 14 511 |
| Altai region | 11 280 |
| Transbaikalia | 11 280 |
| Krasnoyarsk District | 11 280 |
| Irkutsk | 11 280 |
| Kemerovo | 18 313 |
| Novosibirsk | 11 280 |
| Omsk | 12 838 |
| Tomsk | 13 500 |
| The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 15 390 |
| Kamchatka Krai | 29 024 |
| Primorsky Krai | 11 280 |
| Khabarovsk region | 11 414 |
| Amur | 11 280 |
| Magadan | 19 500 |
| Sakhalin | 23 442 |
| Jewish Autonomous Republic | 12 000 |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | 11 280 |
Interesting video. Minimum wage in different countries.
Analysis of the minimum wage by years
The table below shows the dynamics of wage growth (minimum wage) in Russia by years.
| date | The amount of the minimum wage (expressed in rubles) |
| 1.07.2003 | 200 |
| 1.01.2004 | 300 |
| 1.07.2005 | 450 |
| 1.06.2006 | 600 |
| 1.10.2007 | 720 |
| 1.01.2008 | 800 |
| 1.09.2009 | 1 100 |
| 1.01.2010 | 2 300 |
| 1.09.2011 | 4 330 |
| 1.01.2012 | 4 611 |
| 1.07.2013 | 5 205 |
| 1.01.2014 | 5 554 |
| 1.01.2015 | 5 965 |
| 1.07.2016 | 7 500 |
| 1.07.2017 | 7 800 |
| 1.01.2018 | 9 489 |
| 1.01.2019 | 11 280 |
| 1.01.2020 | 12 130 |
Minimum wage as of 01/01/2017 according to statistical agencies of different countries
According to the draft law, wage increases are expected in 2020.
According to Article No. 129 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, a person cannot receive a salary less than the established minimum wage. But if a Russian citizen did not work all the working days or did not fulfill his duties, the head has the right to independently regulate the amount of his salary.
Public sector salaries
From January 1, 2020, the salary of state employees increased by an average of 5%.
In general, the salaries of teachers, medical personnel, military and representatives of the judiciary have increased. In 2017, the average salary of a state employee was 31,200 rubles. After the increase, this amount increased to 33,000 rubles.
In 2020, salaries for public sector employees are expected to be at least doubled. Such an increase in salaries for state employees, according to a presidential decree, should occur due to the introduction of new reforms, for which funds were allocated in the amount of 4.6 trillion rubles. 
But, despite this, in Russia there is a tendency to delay wages. The delay in salaries affected, first of all, law enforcement officers and employees of the educational sphere (teachers, educators, university professors).
Employees of the Accounts Chamber receive approximately 171 thousand rubles a month. Members of the Federation Council receive 151,000 rubles a month. Deputies of the State Duma earn 123 thousand rubles. Compared to last year, their salary increased by 29%. Kremlin employees were awarded a 5% salary increase in 2019, so in 2020 their salary is 206,000 rubles.
Winner of the All-Russian competition "Educator of the Year"
The wages of kindergarten teachers increased by 5%. In Moscow and St. Petersburg, the salary of an educator ranges from 30,000 to 35,000 rubles a month. In Yekaterinburg, the salary of a kindergarten worker ranges from 16,000 to 17,000 rubles. In Perm, a similar position is paid from 11,000 to 13,000 rubles. In the Altai Territory, the salary of employees of preschool institutions ranges from 13,000 to 15,000 rubles per month. Educators working in the Altai Republic receive from 17,000 to 19,000 rubles a month.
In Crimea, this year there is almost no wage arrears for public sector employees. The level of the average monthly salary is actively growing in this region. So in 2015, the average salary was 15 thousand rubles, in 2020 this figure increased to 29 thousand. Social workers receive the lowest salaries in the public sector. Their salary does not exceed 20 thousand per month.
The salary of doctors in this region is 21 thousand rubles, and university professors and teachers receive approximately 28 thousand - 29 thousand rubles each. Kindergarten teachers in Crimea earn from 10,000 to 12,000 rubles a month. Employees of preschool educational institutions in Sevastopol receive an average of 19 thousand rubles. 
The salary of the pilot of the state company Aeroflot directly depends on the number of flight hours:
- If the number of hours is 85 per month, then the pilot will receive at least 290 thousand rubles per month.
- If the number of hours is more than 90 per month, then the pilot's salary will be about 340 thousand rubles per month.
The salary of a janitor working in a utility company directly depends on the region. So a janitor in Moscow receives from 22 thousand to 23 thousand rubles. In Chelyabinsk, a similar position pays 15,000 rubles each. In the cultural capital of the Russian Federation, the salary of a janitor is about 20 thousand rubles. In Tula and Yekaterinburg, janitors earn between 15,000 and 16,000 rubles.
Analysis of wage arrears of state employees
Wage arrears in Russia in 2019 amounted to 3.8 billion rubles. Over the past month, it has decreased by 5%. Due to the current situation, the Russian government intends to freeze the issuance of wages to index pension payments in 2020.
The state owes the largest amount of money to employees who work in such areas as:
- Manufacturing industry.
- Construction.
- Transport sector.
- Mining.
- Agriculture.
- Scientific research and development.
- Production of gas, water and electricity.
- Educational area.
The highest paid specialties
According to a social survey and statistical data on the level of wages, the rating of Russia's highest paid professions includes such specialties as:
How much do specialists earn
TOP 10 lowest paid professions in Russia:
- Salesman. On average, a seller of goods earns about 17 thousand rubles a month.
- Secretary. The salary of an office manager is 20,000 rubles per month.
- Teacher. The average salary of a university teacher is 15,000 rubles. But it should be borne in mind that well-known professors and deans with a scientific degree receive an order of magnitude more. But even this amount cannot be compared with the salary of a teacher in the United States, which is equal to 87 thousand per year.
- Locksmith. This specialty belongs to the professions of the middle class in Russia. A highly qualified specialist can receive up to 60 thousand rubles per month. And locksmiths working in public utilities receive no more than 23 thousand rubles a month.
- Nanny or governess. In 2014, representatives of this profession received about 70 thousand rubles a month. But due to the crisis and the difficult economic situation in the country, their salaries have dropped significantly. Today, the average salary of a nanny in Moscow is 30 thousand - 35 thousand rubles.
- Sales Representative. The average monthly salary of a representative of this profession is 40 thousand rubles.
- Hairdresser. It is worth noting that the salary of a hairdresser directly depends on the number of clients. Therefore, on average, hairdressers earn from 13 thousand rubles a month.
- Doctor. The average salary of a doctor in Russia is 28 thousand rubles. Junior medical staff receives from 13 thousand rubles. The salary of a nurse starts from 15 thousand rubles in more developed regions.
- Teacher. The average salary in the specialty is 30 thousand rubles.
- Educator in preschool children's institutions. The minimum salary of an educator is 10,000 rubles a month.
Russians earn an average of 42 thousand rubles. This is evidenced by the statistics.
The salary varies depending on the region of residence and the field of activity where the employees work. Let's see who earns how much.
How Rosstat calculates our salary
The average monthly nominal accrued salary of employees is calculated on a monthly basis based on the results of continuous and selective statistical observations conducted at various intervals, based on information received from organizations of all types of economic activity and all forms of ownership, and is determined by dividing the payroll by the AMS and by the number of months in the reporting period .
The payroll includes the amount of remuneration accrued to employees in cash and non-monetary forms (including personal income tax and other deductions in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation) for hours worked and not worked, compensation payments related to the mode of work and working conditions, additional payments and allowances, bonuses, one-time incentive payments, as well as payment for meals and accommodation, which is systematic.
Average salary by region
The Rosstat website contains salary data up to March 2018 inclusive.
The data show that workers in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug earn the most (almost 100 thousand rubles), and the least in Dagestan (23.9 thousand).
The average monthly nominal accrued salary of employees in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for March 2018 compared to March 2017.
| March 2017 | March 2018 | |
| Russian Federation | 37899 | 42364 |
| Central Federal District | 47066 | 53771 |
| Belgorod region | 28213 | 30092 |
| Bryansk region | 23202 | 25773 |
| Vladimir region | 26488 | 29544 |
| Voronezh region | 27256 | 29661 |
| Ivanovo region | 22107 | 24581 |
| Kaluga region | 32259 | 37353 |
| Kostroma region | 22958 | 26242 |
| Kursk region | 25375 | 28002 |
| Lipetsk region | 27005 | 30475 |
| Moscow region | 45688 | 50117 |
| Oryol Region | 23825 | 25747 |
| Ryazan Oblast | 27246 | 30380 |
| Smolensk region | 25410 | 27209 |
| Tambov Region | 23239 | 24947 |
| Tver region | 26353 | 28963 |
| Tula region | 30681 | 33163 |
| Yaroslavl region | 29505 | 32819 |
| Moscow | 72129 | 84081 |
| Northwestern Federal District | 43586 | 48624 |
| Republic of Karelia | 35118 | 37272 |
| Komi Republic | 44340 | 49005 |
| Arhangelsk region | 40653 | 45508 |
| including the Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 71920 | 80396 |
| Arkhangelsk region without author. districts. | 38003 | 42543 |
| Vologda Region | 31794 | 34305 |
| Kaliningrad region | 30429 | 31326 |
| Leningrad region | 37943 | 41983 |
| Murmansk region | 48875 | 54275 |
| Novgorod region | 28384 | 30069 |
| Pskov region | 22565 | 25398 |
| Saint Petersburg | 53271 | 60343 |
| Southern Federal District | 27558 | 30328 |
| Republic of Adygea | 23581 | 25592 |
| Republic of Kalmykia | 21751 | 24662 |
| Republic of Crimea | 25005 | 28645 |
| Krasnodar region | 29389 | 32501 |
| Astrakhan region | 27102 | 30643 |
| Volgograd region | 26550 | 29126 |
| Rostov region | 27392 | 29435 |
| Sevastopol | 28144 | 29894 |
| North Caucasian Federal District | 23164 | 25739 |
| The Republic of Dagestan | 20531 | 23900 |
| The Republic of Ingushetia | 21312 | 25999 |
| Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | 20691 | 25143 |
| Karachay-Cherkess Republic | 22240 | 24215 |
| Republic of North Ossetia - Alania | 22413 | 26361 |
| Chechen Republic | 23281 | 24999 |
| Stavropol region | 25449 | 27123 |
| Volga Federal District | 28092 | 30534 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan | 28093 | 31655 |
| Mari El Republic | 26816 | 26591 |
| The Republic of Mordovia | 24134 | 25775 |
| Republic of Tatarstan | 31543 | 33179 |
| Udmurt republic | 27216 | 30689 |
| Chuvash Republic | 23506 | 25913 |
| Perm region | 31884 | 34480 |
| Kirov region | 24163 | 26564 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 29290 | 32399 |
| Orenburg region | 26604 | 29222 |
| Penza region | 25875 | 25324 |
| Samara Region | 29212 | 32258 |
| Saratov region | 23960 | 25644 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 25406 | 27400 |
| Ural federal district | 42874 | 46698 |
| Kurgan region | 23862 | 26622 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 34061 | 35337 |
| Tyumen region | 61906 | 69656 |
| including: | ||
| Khanty-Mansiysk Aut. district - Yugra | 64635 | 72917 |
| Yamalo-Nenets Aut. county | 86741 | 96772 |
| Tyumen region without author. constituencies | 39825 | 44843 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 31040 | 34149 |
| Siberian Federal District | 32667 | 36330 |
| Altai Republic | 23755 | 28382 |
| The Republic of Buryatia | 32115 | 34596 |
| Tyva Republic | 29528 | 33537 |
| The Republic of Khakassia | 32466 | 36508 |
| Altai region | 21817 | 24156 |
| Transbaikal region | 32973 | 37039 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 38755 | 43029 |
| Irkutsk region | 36820 | 41203 |
| Kemerovo region | 31704 | 36218 |
| Novosibirsk region | 32409 | 34534 |
| Omsk region | 29479 | 33744 |
| Tomsk region | 36167 | 40399 |
| Far Eastern Federal District | 46832 | 51684 |
| The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 59395 | 64904 |
| Kamchatka Krai | 60183 | 69777 |
| Primorsky Krai | 36218 | 40676 |
| Khabarovsk region | 41693 | 44122 |
| Amur region | 35561 | 40591 |
| Magadan Region | 66150 | 79073 |
| Sakhalin region | 67988 | 71124 |
| Jewish Autonomous Region | 33042 | 37680 |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | 92136 | 99784 |
Average salary by type of business
The data show that oil and gas producers earn the highest salaries (127 thousand rubles), and employees in the clothing industry earn the least (18.6 thousand rubles).
Average monthly nominal accrued salary of employees by type of economic activity in March 2018 compared to March 2017.
| Kind of activity | period | |
| March 2017 | March 2018 | |
| Total | 37899 | 42364 |
| agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming | 23347 | 25719 |
| including: | ||
| crop and animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas | 21749 | 22882 |
| forestry and logging | 24232 | 30608 |
| fishing and fish farming | 56100 | 69183 |
| mining | 72847 | 82319 |
| from her: | ||
| coal mining | 51543 | 56785 |
| extraction of crude oil and natural gas | 106285 | 127431 |
| mining of metal ores | 56571 | 61294 |
| manufacturing industries | 38180 | 39826 |
| of them: | ||
| food production | 30882 | 31593 |
| beverage production | 40271 | 39281 |
| production of tobacco products | 99754 | 115367 |
| production of textiles | 21763 | 23536 |
| manufacture of wearing apparel | 19490 | 18679 |
| manufacture of leather and leather goods | 21234 | 21566 |
| woodworking and manufacture of articles of wood and cork, except furniture, manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials | 25493 | 24974 |
| manufacture of paper and paper products | 39192 | 41970 |
| printing and copying of information media | 30977 | 33559 |
| production of coke and petroleum products | 96532 | 114264 |
| production of chemicals and chemical products | 45965 | 49158 |
| production of medicines and materials used for medical purposes | 52568 | 57787 |
| production of rubber and plastic products | 30099 | 33208 |
| production of other non-metallic mineral products | 31237 | 33501 |
| metallurgical production | 48127 | 47703 |
| manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment | 35293 | 36700 |
| manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products | 45425 | 48892 |
| manufacture of electrical equipment | 34517 | 38016 |
| production of machinery and equipment not included in other groups | 36776 | 39286 |
| manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers | 36383 | 40471 |
| manufacture of other vehicles and equipment | 44104 | 45528 |
| furniture manufacture | 21634 | 21935 |
| production of other finished products | 29909 | 32881 |
| repair and installation of machinery and equipment | 44064 | 43939 |
| provision of electricity, gas and steam; air conditioning | 42162 | 45861 |
| water supply; wastewater disposal, organization of collection and disposal of waste, activities for the elimination of pollution | 28460 | 30330 |
| construction | 33792 | 37525 |
| wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 32147 | 36037 |
| transportation and storage | 41795 | 44803 |
| activities of hotels and catering establishments | 23513 | 25393 |
| activities in the field of information and communication | 58998 | 67913 |
| financial and insurance activities | 81276 | 88301 |
| real estate activities | 31247 | 33182 |
| professional, scientific and technical activities | 54693 | 65427 |
| of which research and development | 59305 | 72026 |
| administrative activities and related additional services | 27215 | 29883 |
| public administration and military security; social Security | 39270 | 43448 |
| education | 28745 | 32832 |
| activities in the field of health and social services | 29754 | 39328 |
| activities in the field of culture, sports, leisure and entertainment | 36588 | 44315 |
Does your real salary correspond to the average for the region or for the type of activity?
As in other countries of the world, the level of income in the Russian capital is higher than in other regions. Moscow salaries attract those who want to earn money from all over Russia and even from abroad - citizens of the countries of the former USSR, Asian countries, and less often some European countries come here to earn money.
Below IQReview will deal in detail with the current situation with Moscow salaries.
Average, according to Rosstat
According to official data (Mosgorstat), the salary in Moscow for the first half of 2017 amounted to 67,899 rubles. At the current (end of April) exchange rate, this is:
1216$;
Official statistics are usually given "dirty", that is, before income tax.
Slightly different figures are given on the Yandex.Work website: the average figure according to his calculations is 63 thousand.
About statistical errors
For individual cities, statistics usually show approximately the correct average salary level. However, the data is still inaccurate for several reasons:
Too much difference between the minimum and maximum salaries. In Moscow, one person can receive 30 thousand rubles, and another - 200 thousand. Their average salary will be 115 thousand, but this figure will be far from reality for both the first and the other person.
Not always the official salary is equal to the real one. In Russia (and Moscow is no exception) it is widely practiced. On paper - one salary, but in fact the employee receives another amount unofficially - bypassing taxes.
Websites for finding jobs (and employees) often provide incorrect information. There may be inflated data or a “net” salary, or just an arbitrary number.
The real numbers will be slightly lower than those given by the statistics.. If you conduct a survey on the streets among Muscovites, it is unlikely that the majority of the salary will be higher than the conditional 60 thousand.For ordinary citizens more real th indicator - 50-55 thousand.
Expectation and reality: about Moscow salaries from Muscovites (video)
How did the average salary in Moscow change over the years?
For the sake of interest, you can compare today's salaries in Moscow with the salaries of past years.
In the past, Muscovites had these:
| Year | Salary, thousand rubles |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 3.3 |
| 2005 | 14.4 |
| 2008 | 30.5 |
| 2010 | 38.4 |
| 2012 | 48.8 |
| 2013 | 55.4 |
| 2014 | 61.2 |
| 2015 | 64.3 |
| 2016 | 66 |
As can be noted, the average salary in Moscow in 2017 increased slightly (and has not increased much over the past 3 years). There can be two reasons for this:
The crisis that began in the first half of 2014 and has not yet ended.
Achieving the optimal "ceiling" for salaries.
salaries in other major cities RF
Now, for comparison, we present the salaries for other settlements of the Russian Federation. We will take only large cities:
| City | Average salary, rubles |
|---|---|
| Saint Petersburg | 45500 |
| Kaliningrad | 30000 |
| Murmansk | 44000 |
| Rostov-on-Don | 23500 |
| Ekaterinburg | 31000 |
| Voronezh | 25500 |
| Krasnoyarsk | 37500 |
| Novosibirsk | 29000 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 27000 |
| Kazan | 35000 |
| Chelyabinsk | 27000 |
Higher salaries can be found in the northern regions. The average salary in the Russian Federation is approximately 37,400 rubles.
Comparison of Moscow salaries with salaries of other capitals
Another interesting comparison is the average salary in the capitals and largest cities of other states:
| City, country) | Average salary (in dollars at the exchange rate for April 2017) |
|---|---|
| Kyiv, Ukraine) | 280-310 |
| Minsk, Belarus) | 470 |
| Prague, Czech Republic) | 900-1000 |
| Sofia (Bulgaria) | 500 |
| Rome, Italy) | 1600-1700 |
| Athens, Greece) | 800-900 |
| Paris, France) | 3100 |
| London, Great Britain) | 3100 |
| Tokyo, Japan) | 3200-3400 |
| Bern (Switzerland) | 5400-6000 |
| Geneva, Switzerland) | 7500 |
| New York, USA) | 6000 |
| Amsterdam, Netherlands) | 2700-3000 |
| Sydney, Australia) | 5800-6200 |
As you can see, Moscow incomes (average $1,200) are significantly behind those in Western countries, but they are far from being the lowest.
Average salary in Moscow
If we take into account that before the crisis the average salary of Muscovites in terms of dollars would have been equal to the conditional $ 2,000, then we can say that the capital's incomes are quite high. In addition, in Western countries, taxes are several times higher.
Who gets the most?
Any person is interested in how much others receive. Do you want to know who has the highest average official salary in the capital?
Most of all in Moscow can receive:
Dentists.
Programmers.
Chief accountants.
Chef.
Gynecologists.
Senior managers, management team.
The salaries of the listed specialists can exceed the mark of 80-100 thousand rubles. However, the requirements for them are high, and it is difficult to get a job in a good company (except for programmers - for them everything depends only on skills and experience).
Who gets the least?
Least of all in the capital region receive:
Salesmen and cashiers.
Wipers.
Storekeepers.
Loaders.
Waiters.
Promoters.
Nurses.
Handymen.
Catering workers (cooks who do not work in restaurants, but in canteens, eateries, inexpensive cafes).
Babysitters in kindergartens.
Guards, watchman.
The most demanded and most unclaimed specialties
As in the rest of the world, not all specialties are equally in demand on the Moscow labor market. Some professions are in great demand, while others are not.
Comparison of salaries of teachers and educators In Moscow, the most popular are:
All professions related to sales. Cashiers, sales assistants, merchandisers, couriers,. The level of salaries for such personnel is far from the highest (according to rough estimates - about 35-40 thousand), but there should be no problems with finding a job in sales. This is explained by a large number of companies (from small shops to huge shopping centers and supermarkets). Another reason is the high turnover of staff: according to statistics, people often regard such positions as temporary, and leave at the first opportunity.
Most medical specialties. There is also an acute demand in Moscow for junior medical staff (nurses), nurses, and most medical specialties of the highest category (primarily dentists, gynecologists, venereologists, therapists, surgeons). More "narrow" specialties like allergists, valeologists, endocrinologists, immunologists, and so on are less in demand.
IT- specialists. Due to the dynamic growth IT- sector, the demand for all specialties that are associated with it is also increasing. First of all, they are programmers with knowledge of foreign languages. Both layout designers and high-level designers are in demand (but for novice designers, on the contrary, it will be difficult, since such workers are easy to find remotely).
Sphere specialists e-commerce. Since a significant part of business processes is now carried out over the Internet, there is a high demand for specialists who are involved in these areas. SEO and SMM specialists, editors, content managers, copywriters, link builders - these are the personnel that every second company needs. True, in this industry, finding a job in Moscow is complicated by the fact that, in order to save money, small enterprises recruit employees not in the office, but on a “remote” basis.
All "working" specialties (locksmiths, electricians, welders, plumbers, household appliances and electronics repair specialists).
All construction specialties.
Marketers.
Promoters.
Service industry personnel(nannies, waiters, cooks).
Education staff. First of all, there is a demand for school teachers in the main subjects. There is also a demand for tutors in basic school subjects and in "basic" foreign languages.
Bank staff.
Translators (first of all, those who know English and Chinese, to a lesser extent, European languages).
« Ordinary" office staff.
IN drivers of all types of transport (including special equipment).
An important nuance: demanded does not mean “highly paid”. Most of the listed professions, on the contrary, are classified as non-prestigious and low-paid.
E If we talk about the digital ratio - now in demand:
about 20% of vacancies are construction specialties;
about 13% of vacancies are specialties related to industry and production;
about 12% of vacancies are specialties from the service sector.
Problems with employment will be experienced by those who want to get a job in such positions:
Teachers in "narrow" subjects (music, philosophy, fine arts).
The Economists. In major cities, and professions and quickly losing yu t demand due to the transition to electronic document management.
Personnel in the field of tourism business, sale and rental of real estate, advertising, insurance . Demand in these industries is falling due to the emergence of applications and services that allow you to automate and simplify many processes.
Legal specialties. There is an oversaturation of staff in this area. Due to high salaries and a shortage of specialists at the beginning of the 2000s, a large number of students entered law faculties. Therefore, the market is oversaturated with specialists with diplomas, and there are not enough jobs.
Civil servants (, inspectors).The drop in demand is due to cuts that are being made in government agencies.
HR Managers, Recruiters.
Is it difficult to find a job in Moscow?
The labor market in Moscow is quite lively and extensive. There are many offers, but in many ways everything is complicated by the location. Due to the large area of Moscow, one has to look for work only in the immediate vicinity of one's home. And still, most Muscovites are forced to spend about 2-3 hours on the road every day.
Salary difference by profession Those who have a more or less demanded specialty for Moscow will have no problems with work. It may not be possible to immediately find a position with a sufficiently high salary, but you will not have to suffer from unemployment either.
Average salaries for different specialties
Now let's give specific figures - the average salaries for various professions:
| Profession | Average salary, thousand rubles |
|---|---|
| Nurse | 25-50 |
| Therapist | 35-60 |
| Dentist | 50-80 |
| Surgeon | 60-70 |
| Shop assistant | 30-45 |
| Cashier | 30-40 |
| Taxi driver | 35-45 |
| Courier | 25-35 |
| Security guard | 30-45 |
| watchman | 25-35 |
| office worker | 40-50 |
| Programmer | 60 and above |
| Bank employee | 40-50 |
| plumber | 40-50 |
| Electrician | 40-50 |
| Cook | 35-50 |
| Nanny, nurse | 30-35 |
| Fast food staff | 25-35 |
| Senior manager | 60 and above |
