Marigolds (lat. Tagetes)- flowers that differ in many types and varieties, among them there are both annual and perennial varieties. Marigolds, or marigolds, belong to the class Dicotyledonous, superorder Asteranae, order Asteraceae, family Asteraceae, subfamily Asteraceae, tribe Marigold, genus Marigold.

International scientific name: Tagetes ( Linnaeus).

Although this amazing flower was brought to Europe back in the 16th century, it received its scientific name only in the middle of the 17th century, when the naturalist Carl Linnaeus created a classification of species. The scientist, struck by the beauty of the plant, named it in honor of the beautiful Etruscan demigod Tages, who is the grandson of the supreme god Jupiter.

The flowers received the Russian name “marigolds” because of their petals, the surface of which resembles velvet. This feature is most pronounced in dark-colored varieties.

The British call this plant “marigold”, which means “Mary’s gold”, the inhabitants of Germany know it as “Studentenblume” - student’s flower, and in Ukraine these beautiful flowers are called “chornobrivtsi”, or Chernobrivtsi. For the people of China, these flowers are a symbol of health and longevity; it is not for nothing that they are called “flowers of a thousand years.”

The flowering period of marigolds begins in June and lasts until the onset of frost. After its completion, a strongly flattened fetus black-brown or black in color. Each seed pod contains many seeds that remain viable for 3-4 years. In 1 gram there are usually from 270 to 700 seeds.

Types and varieties of marigolds, photos and names

According to the database www.theplantlist.org, there are currently 53 species of annual or perennial marigolds, of which only 3 species (erect, deflected and slender-leaved) are the best known. Based on them, breeders have developed a huge number of series and varieties. Below is a description of several varieties of marigolds.

Marigold erecta (African) ( Tagetes erecta)

This species includes annual plants with a fibrous root system. The compact or spreading bushes formed by these marigolds have a height of 0.4 to 1.2 meters and an inverse pyramidal shape. The main shoot is clearly defined, the side shoots look upward. The color of unpaired pinnately dissected leaves with denticles along the edges varies from light green to dark green, and they are located on the stem in a regular order. Large single-color, less often bicolor, inflorescences of marigolds of this species can be simple, semi-double or double. The diameter of the inflorescences varies from 5 to 13 centimeters. The flowering period begins in late June or early July and ends with the first frost. Erect marigolds are suitable for flower beds, ridges, vases, balconies, and cutting. The birthplace of erect marigolds is Southern Mexico.

Series and varieties of erect marigolds: Albatross, Alaska, Antigua, Velvet Season, White Moon, Snow White, Glitter, Vanilla, Hawaii, Gelber Stein, Glitters, Golden Fluffy, Hussars, Discovery, Dune, Uncle Styopa, Yellow Stone, Golden Dollar, Golden light, Golden Prince, Golden Age, Golden Domes, Inca, Kilimanjaro, Cosmonaut, Crash, Crackerjack, Cupid, Lady, Lemon Queen, Lemon Pie, Lemon Prize, Lemon Miracle, Maximix, Marvel, Mary Helen, Beach Season, Prima Gold, Spoon, Solar Giants, Taishan, Titan, Trulli, Smile, Fantasy, Firecracker, Popsicle, Amber Lace.

Antigua variety. Taken from the site: www.hishtil.com

Marigolds rejected ( Tagetes patula)

Synonyms: French marigolds or small-flowered marigolds. This species is formed by perennial plants with numerous erect and highly branched stems, the height of which ranges from 15 to 60 centimeters. Side shoots rejected. Pinnately dissected dark green leaves of small size with serrated edges are formed from several lobes of a linear-lanceolate shape. On the stems, the leaves are arranged in both alternate and opposite order. Single and also collected in corymbose inflorescences, the baskets of these marigolds grow up to 4-6 centimeters in diameter. The shape of the inflorescences can be simple, semi-double or double. In addition to marigolds with a single color, many bicolor varieties have been bred. The most intense flowering is observed during July and August. They begin to bloom in early June. The rejected marigolds are native to the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of rejected marigolds: Alumia, Bonanza, Brocade Yellow, Gabi, Harmony, Hero, Gullebrand, Jolly Jester, Disco, Durango, Carmen, Red Cherry, Cross, Boy, Bolero, Capricious (Naughty) Marietta, Little Hero, Mandarin, Mercedes, Monetta, Orange Flame, Guy, Pascal, Petite Harmony, Petite Gold, Prosperity, Rusty Red, Safari, Striptease, Tiger Eyes, Fireball, Chica, Naughty Marietta.

Variety Tiger Eyes. Taken from the website: www.impecta.se

Variety Capricious Marietta. Taken from: www.southernexposure.com

Marigold angustifolia (thin-leaved, Mexican) ( Tagetes tenuifolia)

From these annual plants, low, densely branched, compact marigold bushes are formed, the height of which can be from 20 to 50 cm. Straight bare shoots are light green in color. Light green small leaves of a pinnately dissected shape, which are arranged in an alternate order on the shoots, formed by narrow lobes with sparse denticles. Abundantly flowering corymbose inflorescences are collected from simple five-petal baskets, the diameter of which ranges from 15 to 30 mm. The color of the inflorescences is one-color or two-color. Thanks to the highly branched stems, the entire plant has the appearance of an almost perfect ball. This type of marigold begins to bloom in early June and ends flowering with the first frost, when the temperature drops to 1-2°C. Narrow-leaved marigolds are used for flower beds, borders, borders, vases and arrays. The homeland of narrow-leaved marigolds is the mountains of Mexico.

Series and varieties of thin-leaved marigolds: Gnome, Golden Jam, Golden Ring, Golden Gem, Star Shine, Star Shine, Karina, Red Gem, Lulu, Mimimix, Fire Stars, Ornament, Paprika, Starshine, Starfire, Ursula.

Variety Ornament. Taken from the site: agbina.ru

Variety Lemon Jewel

Marigold radiata (bright, clear) ( Tagetes lucida)

Other names for this species: Mexican tarragon, Spanish tarragon, sweet marigold. This is a perennial erect plant with bushes ranging from 40 to 80 centimeters in height. Narrow green leaves about 7.5 centimeters long resemble the shape of natural tarragon leaves. Plain golden marigold flowers of simple shape do not exceed 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Radiant marigolds bloom from early June to late September. The leaves of this plant are collected and used fresh or dried as a tarragon substitute, and the dried flowers are used to make an excellent food coloring.

Taken from the site: www.chickenfish.cc

Nelson's marigolds ( Tagetes nelsonii)

An ornamental, rather powerful plant, 90-120 cm high, with reddish shoots and dark green leaves. The species grows in Texas and is found in Mexico. Marigolds have a very pleasant aroma of citrus fruits with a light fruity-musky note. The flowers of this marigold species are often used as a savory addition to fish and meat delicacies or as a flavorful accent in baked goods.

Taken from: herbgarden.co.za

Lemmon's marigolds ( Тagetes lemmonii)

The second name is lemon marigold. In the wild, these perennial marigolds, discovered in the late 19th century, grow in mountainous regions of the United States (in the canyons of southern Arizona) and northern Mexico. Marigold bushes reach a height of 120 cm, the leaves of the plant have a length of 5 to 15 cm, the diameter of the numerous yellow flowers is approximately 5 cm. The plant exudes an aroma reminiscent of the amber of citrus and mint with a subtle note of camphor. Sometimes the smell of this plant is compared to the smell. Marigolds attract many, which constantly circle over the flowers.

Tagetes filifolia

A plant with a bush height of 8 to 50 cm. In the wild, this species grows in the steppes, on rock slopes, in pine and oak forests, and feels at ease in corn fields, growing there as a weed. Found throughout a vast area from Mexico to Costa Rica. The bush has a pronounced anise aroma, the plant is quite unpretentious to soil quality and easily tolerates drought.

Taken from website: enseleits.de

Marigolds are small ( Tagetes minuta)

A type of marigold, with a bush height from 50 to 180-200 cm. The length of the very fragrant dark green leaves varies from 5 to 20 cm, the diameter of rather small flowers does not exceed 15-25 mm. The leaves have deeply dissected edges and are located opposite on the stem. Small marigolds grow in the USA and Mexico, Brazil, southern European countries (France, Spain, Italy, Romania), southern Africa, China and Japan, India and Libya, Thailand and Turkey, Australia and New Zealand.

Taken from the site: www.terranuova.it

Classification of marigolds by bush height

In floriculture, a classification is used in which the division is based on the height of the plant, the shape of the inflorescences and their color.

According to the height of the bush they are distinguished:

• Giant marigolds (90-120 cm);
• Tall (tall) marigolds (60-90 cm);
• Medium-sized marigolds (45-60 cm);
• Low-growing (low) marigolds (25-45 cm);
• Dwarf marigolds (up to 20 cm).

Giant marigolds, varieties, photos and names

These include plants that reach a height of 90 cm to 120 cm. Most often, giant marigolds are found among upright plants. The most famous varieties of giant marigolds:

• "Gold Dollar"– an early annual hybrid variety without the characteristic aroma of marigolds. The variety belongs to the upright marigolds. The bushes are dense, the shoots are strong and thick, 0.9-1.2 m high, with rather large light green leaves. From the first ten days of June until the appearance of frost, they are decorated with terry baskets of medium-sized inflorescences, with a diameter of 7 to 8 cm. The inflorescences, reminiscent in their shape, consist of red and orange-red petals.

• "Lemon Queen" (Lemon Queen) – beautiful lemon marigolds with fairly tall (up to 120 cm) bushes. The inflorescences are light yellow or golden in color, up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Blooms profusely in July-August.

Taken from the site: ntes21.ru

• "Orange"– marigold bushes of this variety reach 1 meter in height. Large (up to 15-17 cm in diameter) orange terry-type inflorescences delight the eye from June until the first frost, ideal for cutting - they stand in water for 2 weeks.

Taken from the website: www.kerneliv.dk

Tall (tall) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of the bushes ranges from 60 cm to 90 cm.

• "Yellow Stone" (Gelber Stein)– an annual variety, forms bushes about 70-80 cm high. The plant has beautiful, densely double inflorescences of a rich yellow color. The diameter of marigolds is up to 15 cm. The plant begins to bloom in early June.

• Frills– bushes of this late variety of marigold grow up to 80 cm in height and up to 8 cm in diameter. In the last ten days of July or at the very beginning of August, large, double, clove-shaped inflorescences-baskets appear on them, which consist of reed petals in rich shades of orange and golden color. Flowering from late July until the first frost.
• "Lemon Prince" (Zitronen prinz)– an erect plant forms tall (65-80 cm), standard-shaped and rather dense bushes. A pinkish bloom is visible on the dark green shoots of this variety. The double clove-shaped inflorescences of marigolds are quite large - 8-10 cm in diameter. When they open completely, they look like lemon-yellow balls. Marigolds of this variety bloom from June-July to September.

Taken from the site: www.rastenya.com

• "Hawaii"– erect annual plants are compact bushes growing up to 90 cm in height. From mid-summer (July) to mid-autumn, large double carnation-shaped inflorescences open in the form of orange hemispheres with a diameter of 10 to 12 cm on strong light green peduncles.

Medium-sized marigolds, varieties, photos and names

The height of plants included in this group ranges from 45 to 60 cm.

• Among the white erect marigolds of medium height, perhaps one of the most beautiful is the variety "Kilimanjaro" This annual hybrid plant forms weakly branched bushes from 40 to 50-60 cm in height, with a clearly defined main shoot. The attractiveness of the variety is explained by large, densely double inflorescences 7-10 cm in diameter, resembling balls in shape with an unusual vanilla-white color. Abundant flowering begins in June and lasts until frost.

Taken from the site: www.ruscemena.ru

• Thin-leaved marigolds of this group are represented by numerous varieties, among which the most notable "Golden Ring" or "Golden Ring". Despite the thin, densely branched shoots with narrowly dissected leaves, the spherical bushes of these marigolds are quite compact and reach a height of 40-50 cm. Small simple inflorescences do not exceed 25-30 mm in diameter. They are composed of small orange tubular petals in the center of the inflorescence and bright yellow, bent downward, reed petals. Flowering lasts from the first days of June and ends with the onset of the first frost.

Low-growing marigolds, varieties, photos and names

They are represented by varieties whose height ranges from 0.25 to 0.45 m.

• This large group includes the Bonanza series, obtained as a result of selection from rejected marigolds. Annual miniature bushes of this series have a height of no more than 30 cm. Double inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter can be painted in any color, from rich yellow to red-orange. Variety "Bonanza Deep Orange" (Bonanza Deep Orange) is one of the most beloved among flower growers. This is a beautiful early flowering variety, with compact bushes, the height of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.3 m, and the width does not exceed 20 cm. Double inflorescences with a diameter of 5 to 6 cm are painted in a deep orange color.

• The Discovery series of varieties is bred from erect marigolds. Although small bushes do not exceed a height of 20-25 cm. The inflorescences that cover them abundantly are quite large in size and have a bright, rich color. Many gardeners and flower growers grow marigolds on their plots Discovery Yellow or "Discovery Orange" (Discovery Orange) . These are annual plants with compact bushes.

Shoots with numerous pinnately dissected, bluish-green leaves are dotted with large and dense densely double inflorescences of bright yellow or orange color. The diameter of the inflorescences is 8 cm. Flowering of marigolds begins in the first days of June and lasts until the onset of frost.

Taken from: www.benary.com

Dwarf marigolds, varieties, photos and names

This group consists of plants whose height does not exceed 20 cm. It includes a variety of varieties of deviated, thin-leaved and erect marigolds.

• Among the representatives of rejected marigolds, the most interesting is the “Boy” series, which consists of annual varieties with compact branched bushes from 15 to 20 cm high and about 20 cm wide. The pinnately dissected marigold leaves growing on the side shoots are dark colored -green color. The diameter of the yellow, orange or bicolor double inflorescences that abundantly cover the bushes ranges from 4 to 6 cm. The most interesting of this series is the marigold variety "Harmony" It is distinguished by its magnificent inflorescences, consisting of central golden-yellow flowers, which are surrounded by brownish-brown reed flowers with a thin golden edge.

• Among the thin-leaved marigolds of the dwarf group, the annual one is most widespread. series "Mimimix" (Mimimix). Varieties of this series form dense, compact, spherical bushes with a height of only about 20-25 cm. The leaves are narrow, pinnately dissected, and dark green in color.

The inflorescences are simple, about 20 mm in diameter, colored in various shades and tones of yellow, red or orange. Marigolds begin to bloom in July and finish blooming in the last ten days of September.

• Among dwarf upright marigolds, the variety is very popular "Lunacy Orange"Orange). Its compact bushes reach a height of 15-20 cm.

The diameter of the bush reaches 20-25 cm. A distinctive feature of these marigolds are dense chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences of bright orange color.

Taken from: www.hpsseed.com

Types of marigolds by inflorescence shape, photos and names

According to the shape of the inflorescences and the number of reed flowers, marigolds are:

• Simple,
• Semi-double,
• Terry,
  • Anemoneaceae,
  • Dianthus,
  • Chrysanthemum-shaped.

Below is a more detailed description of them.

Simple marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Simple inflorescences consist of a small number of central tubular flowers and one row of ligulate flowers.

• "Lemon Jam" or "Lemon Jam" (Lemon Jam)

an annual low-growing variety, bred as a result of selection of thin-leaved marigolds and reaching a height of 0.25 m. Small simple inflorescences 3-4 centimeters in size are painted gold or yellow, and their middle consists of small bright orange tubular flowers.

• A representative of a simple group of thin-leaved marigolds is the variety "Paprika" (Paprika). It is distinguished by dwarf (no more than 20-25 cm), highly branched bushes of a spherical shape. The pinnately dissected leaves growing on thin shoots are light green.

These are very beautiful marigolds, the period of abundant flowering begins in June and ends at the end of September. Simple flat baskets with a bright yellow center are painted fiery red, and their diameter does not exceed 20-30 mm.

Taken from the site: www.hageniboks.no

Semi-double marigolds, varieties, photos and names

To form semi-double marigolds, at least 2-3 rows of reed flowers are required. This group includes:

• The full representative of the rejected marigolds of the semi-double group is variety "Gold Ball" or "Golden Ball" Its spreading bushes with strong, highly branched shoots and small green leaves can reach a height of 50-60 cm. The inflorescences are simple and semi-double, their diameter is 4-5 cm.

The tubular petals of marigolds, which are located in one or two rows in the center of the inflorescence, are painted bright yellow with a golden tint. The reed petals located at the edges are reddish-brown. This is an early variety of marigolds: their flowering begins in the first ten days of June.

• "Red Brocade" (RedBrokade)

an annual low-growing variety from the Brokade series, bred from rejected marigolds. A strongly branched but compact bush grows only up to 25 cm in height. A semi-double inflorescence of medium size (about 4-5 cm in diameter) consists of slightly corrugated reed flowers, which are colored yellowish and red-brown.

Terry marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Double marigolds are formed by a large number of flowers, both ligulate and tubular.

• An example of such an inflorescence structure is variety "Eskimo" (Popsicle), which is a hybrid. This is a low-growing plant with a bush height of up to 40 cm. Its inflorescences, reminiscent of balls in shape and the color of vanilla-white ice cream, reach a diameter of 6-10 cm and delight with their beauty, starting from the first ten days of July until the frosts.

• "Aztec Lime Green"

Very unusual marigolds of light green color. Densely double inflorescences have a diameter of 10-12 cm. The height of the plant is 45 cm. The variety is resistant to heat.

Taken from: www.parkswholesaleplants.com

• "Fantastic" (Fantastic)

Tall varieties of marigolds, growing up to 0.7 m and delighting gardeners with their flowering from the beginning of summer until the first frost. Large inflorescences with a diameter of 8 to 11 cm are composed of narrow tubular flowers. The color of densely double baskets can be golden (Fantastic Gold), yellow (Fantastic Yellow) or orange (Fantastic Orange).

Taken from: gardeners.s3.amazonaws.com

• "Strawberry Blonde"

Annual variety. A low-growing plant with bushes up to 25 cm high, 15-20 cm wide and medium-sized inflorescences resembling a carnation in shape. Throughout the flowering period, baskets can change their color, ranging from bright yellow to terracotta tones. In addition, the intensity of color changes is affected by air temperature. At lower temperatures, variations occur slowly, but with high contrast between colors. Increasing the temperature speeds up the process, but the color contrast is significantly reduced.

Taken from: www.gardenclinic.com.au

Anemone-shaped marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Anemone-like marigolds consist of large tubular flowers located in the center, and reed flowers framing them, arranged in 1, 2 or even 3 rows.

• Marigold varieties belong to this type of inflorescence structure series "Durango" (Durango) (Durango) , created from rejected marigolds. These are low annual plants with a bush height of 20-30 cm and inflorescences measuring about 55-60 mm. The series includes varieties of marigolds with golden yellow, red-brown and bright orange colors. The variety that attracts the greatest interest among gardeners is Durango Mix, which attracts attention with its unusual inflorescences, painted in a variety of colors, from yellow and burgundy to variegated.

Carnation-shaped (clove-shaped) marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Dianthus marigolds consist mainly of ligulate flowers, the petals of which are dissected along the outer edge.

• A typical example of such an inflorescence structure is Marigolds "Carmen". This is an annual plant that forms bushes no more than 0.3 m high, which are abundantly covered with foliage. The petals of the reed flowers are slightly ruffled and red-brown in color, while the tubular central flowers are yellow-orange in color. The size of the marigold inflorescence reaches 50 mm. The flowering period lasts from early summer to early autumn.

Taken from the site: dachanaladoni.ru

• "Black Velvet" (BlackVelvet)

annual marigolds, bred from small-flowered marigolds. This is a low-growing plant up to 30 cm high with a compact bush on which small inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter bloom profusely, painted in a dark cherry color and framed by a thin orange border. Inflorescences are double, carnation-shaped. The flowering of marigolds lasts from the beginning of summer and ends with the onset of frost.

Chrysanthemum-shaped marigolds, varieties, photos and names

Chrysanthemum-shaped marigolds are formed almost entirely by tubular flowers. Prominent representatives of this group are annual variety series bred from erect marigolds:

• "Taishan"

Low-growing flowers about 0.25-0.3 m high. From late spring to early autumn, marigold bushes are covered with rather large inflorescences consisting of wide tubular flowers. The size of the baskets reaches 70-80 mm in diameter. This series includes varieties with golden (Gold), orange (Orange) and yellow (Yellow) baskets.

Taken from the site: 1semena.ru

• "VanillaF1" (Vanilla F1)

An annual low-growing hybrid with a compact bush, the height of which does not exceed 40 cm, and the width of the bush is approximately 25 cm. Large inflorescences about 7 cm in size, resembling a ball in shape, are painted in a delicate creamy white color. Flowering begins in the last ten days of May and ends with cold weather.

Marigolds (lat. Tagetes), in other countries, including Ukraine, are called Chernobrivtsy - a plant that many have seen and are even grown by gardeners at home in their flower beds, but not everyone knows that it has medicinal properties, how useful it is , if used to treat certain diseases. There are more than thirty species of this plant. There are perennial and annual varieties.

Known for its durability, ease of cultivation and long flowering. Flowers bloom in summer and bloom until late autumn, until frost.

Marigolds are native to Mexico. There they were used in cooking, as well as in folk medicine. Since marigolds are known for their beneficial properties that improve digestion and immunity, they were used in cooking for preparing meat dishes. Using this plant as a seasoning for meat helps reduce the burden of such food on the body.

Marigolds: medicinal properties and contraindications

Marigolds contain essential oils, which is why they have a special aroma. In addition, they contain macro- and microelements, as well as vitamins. Infusions from this plant have a therapeutic effect if dysfunction of the digestive tract, especially the pancreas, is detected. It also contains biologically active substances that resist pathogenic microbes for influenza, colds and other viral diseases. Marigolds can be added to compotes and teas, then they will become much more useful in the fight against viruses and more.

There are no special contraindications for the use of this medicinal plant, however, pregnant women should be careful when using such a medicinal potion, since it contains essential oils. It is better to find out doctors' opinions on this matter. Also, some people may be intolerant to these oils, in which case they may experience allergic reactions, but this is all individual. Then it is prohibited to use such medicine.

How are they used in folk medicine?

Marigolds photo

Let's look at the most common recipes using marigolds.

In folk medicine, marigold oil is used to treat skin diseases and burns. Making this oil at home is not difficult. To prepare it you will need sunflower or olive oil (preferably olive oil) in a ratio of 1:10. The marigolds are crushed and poured with oil, left to infuse for eight hours, before this mixture is heated in a water bath for half an hour. Then you need to squeeze out the flowers, strain the oil and pour it into a dark glass container and store it in the refrigerator.

You can also prepare an infusion. It will help effectively cope with ascariasis and the appearance of various worms. Prepare 300 ml of boiling water, then pour one tablespoon of dried flowers into it. Use two tablespoons three times a day.

A decoction of flowers will help cope with arthrosis. It must be taken in courses of one and a half to three months, drinking 2 liters of decoction daily. The calculation is as follows: 1 liter of boiling water for 20-30 fresh flowers. Flowers can also be consumed in salads to improve vision, especially for drivers and those who work at the computer for a long time.

What do those who have used marigold recipes say?

As noted above, the main medicinal purpose of marigolds is the pancreas. A disease such as diabetes mellitus at an early stage can be treated with this plant, reducing blood sugar levels. You need to crush the flower along with the seeds and pour boiling water over it - one glass. Drink ¼ glass 4 times a day. The same decoction calms the nervous system, treats joints, and prevents pancreatitis.

Planting and care

Since marigolds are completely unpretentious plants, growing and caring for them will not be difficult. They are adapted to various natural phenomena and different soils. Seeds can be sown in open ground, or you can plant them in pots in early spring, and then plant the seedlings in the ground in a flower bed. They begin to bloom 1.5-2 months after planting.

When to plant marigold seeds?

It is also worth considering that it is better to plant flowers after the last frost at above-zero temperatures. In the southern part of Russia, seeds can be planted in mid-April, and in cooler areas - in early May. If you want to plant flowers as seedlings, then this should be done in March-April. They then begin to bloom in late May and early June. Some plant in February, but then flowering will begin in early April; it is too early to plant in open ground. Therefore, you need to think before you start sowing, unless you are planning to plant seedlings on a closed glazed balcony.

Varieties of marigolds: perennial, erect, low-growing, thin-leaved.

There are more than 40 species of marigolds, the main and most common of which at our latitudes are three species: erect (usually tall), deviated (short) and thin-leaved marigolds. Among these three species, small-flowered and large-flowered varieties are distinguished; there are also double and densely double varieties of various colors: yellow, orange, brown, red, burgundy.

Is it worth planting in open ground?

You can also sow in open ground, the main thing is that positive temperatures are established. Grows in various types of soil. Therefore, there is no need to worry about the soil.

Benefits and use at home

Photos of marigolds

We have already described the benefits of marigolds. But it is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that this plant can be used in cosmetology, as a remedy that fights skin diseases. Prepare the balm as follows: 50 ml of olive oil, add 1 tablespoon of almond or apricot oil and 2 tablespoons of crushed marigold flowers, then infuse. The product will effectively heal chapped lips after exposure to cold, wind, etc.

Tomatoes with marigolds for the winter: recipe

Many housewives use recipes for pickled tomatoes and cucumbers for the winter with the addition of baskets of flowers and leaves to the marinade. This gives the preparations a special aroma and taste and makes the cucumbers crispy. Can also be used to prepare salads and to flavor vinegar.

Pickled cucumbers with marigolds for the winter

For this recipe you need to prepare the following ingredients for a three-liter jar: cucumbers, 5 peppercorns, 1-2 bay leaves, 3, 3 marigold flowers, 2 tbsp. spoons of salt, 3 tbsp. spoons of sugar, 3 tbsp. spoons 9% vinegar. Place the cucumbers in jars along with all the ingredients. Pour boiling water into the jar, after half an hour pour it into the pan, add salt, sugar, vinegar. Bring to a boil. Pour this brine into jars and roll up.

Marigolds as a seasoning

The flowers can be used to make a seasoning. What should be done correctly? Pick the inflorescences of yellow varieties, dry, then grind to obtain a powder. This seasoning is common in Caucasian cooking. It gives dishes a special taste and aroma.

Thanks to their bright colors, long-lasting flowering and unpretentiousness to growing conditions, low-growing marigolds are especially popular among gardeners. They are used to decorate private areas, parks, city squares and public gardens. Small compact bushes can grow quickly, turning the flower garden into a colorful carpet. Plants do not require frequent watering and are resistant to drought and shading. The variety of colors and shapes of flowers is a real find for landscape designers.

Marigolds - description of the plant

Marigolds appeared in Europe in the 16th century; their historical homeland is Central and South America. Annual and perennial plants from the Asteraceae family have become a favorite decoration of gardens, balconies and terraces. They received the Latin name Tagetis from Carl Linnaeus. He named the flowers after the mythical deity Tages, the grandson of Zeus. Today there are about 60 species of marigolds and many hybrid varieties in the world.

Marigolds in landscape design

The stems of the herbaceous plant are strong, erect, and, depending on the type, form a compact or spreading bush. Height from 20 to 120 cm. The leaves are elongated and colored in various shades of green. They are pinnately dissected or pinnately divided, the edges are jagged. They are located alternately or opposite each other on the stems. The root system is well developed. The inflorescences of the basket consist of reed and tubular flowers.

Information. Many marigold varieties have leaves that are more fragrant than the flowers.

The flowering period begins in June and continues until the first frost. After the petals fall, the fruit is formed - a dark, flattened achene. The seeds of the plant ripen in it, their quantity is 280-650 per 1 g. A positive property of the seeds is good germination, which lasts for 3-4 years. Tagetis is classified according to several criteria:

1. Stem size:
   1. tall - from 60 cm and above;
   2. medium height – 45-60 cm;
   3. short - 25-45 cm;
   4. dwarf – 20-25 cm.
2. Structure of inflorescences:
   1. carnation-shaped flowers consist of dissected lingual petals;
   2. anemone-shaped - large tubular petals are located in the center, and reed petals are located along the edges in 1-2 rows;
   3. chrysanthemum-shaped - the inflorescences are shaped like a ball, they consist only of tubular petals.
3. By number of petals:
   1. simple - flat inflorescences, similar to daisies, consist of one or two rows of reed petals;
   2. semi-double - flowers have at least 3-4 rows of petals;
   3. terry - lush inflorescences of a combined type, they include reed and tubular petals.

Varieties and names of low-growing marigolds

To get your own idea about these interesting flowers, it is worth studying the varieties and photos with the names of low-growing marigolds:

• "Red Brocade" is a compact bush up to 25 cm high with large bright red flowers. The inflorescences are 4-6 cm in size and have a velvety texture. Marigolds bloom profusely from June to October. They go well with primroses and cineraria. Red brocade
• Tagetis rejected “Baby Harmony” - the variety stands out for its spectacular two-color color. The stems are branched from the very base. On the rejected shoots during the flowering period, many bright spherical flowers appear, turning the bush into an extravaganza of colors. The marginal flowers of the inflorescence are brownish-red, the middle flowers are golden. The leaves are green, pinnately dissected. The height of the crop is 20 cm, the diameter of the flower is 5 cm.
  Baby Harmony
• “Petite Spray” - low-growing (up to 30 cm) spreading bushes retain their decorative appeal throughout the summer, until the first autumn frosts. The inflorescences are densely double and resemble chrysanthemums in appearance. The color is two-tone - the middle is bright yellow, and the frame is dark red. Planted according to the 20×20 pattern for decorating flower beds, borders, and flowerpots. Petite Spray
• “Red Gem” - the height of the bush is 20-25 cm. The plant is characterized by abundant flowering, many simple flowers with a diameter of up to 2 cm cover the spreading bush. Tagethis petals are bright red, the centers are yellow. By removing wilted buds, you can extend the flowering period.
  Red gem
• "Naughty Marietta" - Among French or rejected marigolds, this is the most popular variety. Its second name is “Naughty Marietta”. The size of the bush does not exceed 30 cm. Flat, non-double inflorescences grow up to 5 cm. The color is two-color - red-brown strokes at the base on a golden-yellow background. The leaves are pinnately dissected, the edges are covered with jagged edges.
  Naughty Marietta
• “Bonita mixture” is a dwarf annual up to 20 cm. The main decoration of the bush is multi-colored star-shaped inflorescences. The mixture is characterized by the presence of flowers with different colors: yellow, orange, red-brown. The variety is good for group plantings and for growing in flowerpots. Bonita mixture
• “Carmen” is a rejected tagethis with a spreading bush up to 30 cm. The inflorescences are clove-shaped, reed petals located at the edges, red-brown in color. The center of the flower is yellow. Double inflorescences grow up to 5-6 cm. A distinctive characteristic of the variety is a persistent aroma, reminiscent of the smell of asters. A plant for decorating ridges and flower beds. Planted in the garden and in the city to repel pests.
  Carmen
• “Eye of the Tiger” is a decorative variety of rejected marigolds up to 35 cm in size. Branched bushes, carved leaves, dark green. The inflorescences are double, consisting of many tubular flowers of deep orange color, framed below by red-brown petals. The diameter of the carnation-shaped inflorescences is 5-6 cm. Often found when decorating balconies and verandas. The plant has a peculiar aroma.
  Tiger's Eye

Low-growing, large-flowered marigold varieties have particular decorative appeal:

• "Antigua orange" is the most popular hybrid variety, widely used for planting in mixborders and flowerpots. The bushes grow many strong flower stalks with densely double flowers measuring 8-12 cm. They resemble a sphere in shape. The color of the flowers is bright orange.
  Antigua orange
• “Lemon” is a dwarf bush no higher than 20 cm, distinguished by round double flowers with a diameter of 8 cm. The color of the inflorescences is lemon yellow. The curled petals resemble chrysanthemums. The leaves are elongated, pinnately dissected. An excellent option for growing in pots and flowerpots.
  Lemon
• “Jolly Clown” is an annual with early and abundant flowering. The cheerful colors of the flowers will add an unusual flavor to the area. Large flat inflorescences have a striped pattern. Lemon-yellow and red-brown stripes alternate with each other.
  Cheerful clown
• “Queen Sofia” - low-growing rejected marigolds - up to 30 cm. Dense, densely branched bushes boast inflorescences up to 7 cm. Petals are bronze-red, golden at the edges. The color fades under sunlight. Used for group plantings. The culture blooms from June until the first frost.
  Queen Sofia

Rules for growing marigolds

Planting in open ground

The optimal time for planting seeds of low-growing marigolds in open ground is the last month of spring. Seedlings are sensitive to low temperatures; frost can kill them. To germinate, seeds require temperatures above 20°. Before planting, the land must be prepared. Poor soil is fertilized with humus and superphosphates. Using a hoe, make furrows 4-5 cm deep under the seeds. Moisten the soil. The seeds are scattered evenly and buried. Depending on the temperature, sprouts will appear in 5-10 days.

Growing seedlings

In order to enjoy the variegated colors of tagetis at the beginning of summer, you need to plant the seeds for seedlings in March-April. To germinate seed material, it is recommended to prepare a loose mixture:

• peat;
• turf land;
• humus;
• river sand.

All components are taken in equal proportions. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom of the container for growing seedlings. This will prevent stagnation of water, which negatively affects the development of seedlings. The layer should be at least 3 cm. Fine gravel, expanded clay, and crushed stone are suitable for drainage. To disinfect the soil taken for the substrate, use a solution of potassium permanganate.

Advice. Sow the seeds of upright tagetis in March, and deviated (low-growing) ones in April. In this case, they will bloom simultaneously in the flowerbed.

The container for seedlings is filled with soil, leaving 2-3 cm from the edges. Before planting the seeds, the substrate is moistened. Transverse grooves are made at intervals of 3 cm to a depth of 1.5-2 cm. The seeds are laid out at a distance of 1 cm from each other. But this is not a necessary condition; if the seedlings turn out to be dense, they can be thinned out. The seed material is covered with 1 cm of soil. The container is covered with glass or polyethylene and left in a warm place with a temperature of 20-22°.

If the soil dries out before the first shoots appear (5-7 days), it should be watered. Small seedlings are gradually accustomed to lower temperatures by moving them to a room where it is 15-18°. When caring for seedlings, it is important to avoid overwatering the soil. The water from the pan is immediately poured out. After two carved (real) leaves appear, a pick is made. The seedlings are moved into separate containers so that they can fully develop.

A spoon is suitable for removing seedlings from the ground. Planting of grown seedlings in open ground occurs at the end of May, and in cold climates - at the beginning of June. By this time, night frosts have stopped. There are few requirements for the soil at the planting site: it must have a neutral pH level, loose and fertile. The planting site is dug up and complex mineral fertilizers are applied. Low-growing marigolds are planted at a distance of 15-20 cm. In the first month, the flowers need regular watering. Periodically it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed out weeds.

Diseases and pests

Thanks to the phytoncides emitted, insects avoid marigolds. Their fungicidal properties protect the plant itself and nearby crops from the spread of fungal infections. The only danger for tagetis is excessive moisture. High dampness causes flower roots to rot. Drought is also harmful to plants; in hot weather, spider mites settle on them.

Beneficial properties of low-growing marigolds

Not everyone likes the unusual aroma of tagetis, but it has beneficial properties. The spicy scent helps you calm down and relax. The aroma acts as a repellent on insects. Garden pests avoid places where fragrant flowers grow. This property of marigolds has long been noticed by farmers; they plant bright bushes along the perimeter of the beds. Natural protection works no worse than insecticides, while being safe and environmentally friendly.

Chemicals released by low-growing marigolds help cleanse the soil. They have a negative effect on fungi and bacteria. In the fall, after the onset of frost, the plants are used as green manure - crushed and buried on the site. The composition and condition of the soil improves. Every part of culture benefits people. Tagethys roots are capable of driving away nematodes. Small worms cause enormous damage to plantings of potatoes, strawberries and other crops. In 2-3 seasons, chemical compounds from the root system of flowers get rid of dangerous pests.

The leaves and inflorescences of tagetis contain essential oil. It has found application in cosmetology, is added to liqueurs and soaps, and is used in the food industry. The healing properties of marigolds help treat colds, inflammation of the gallbladder, and constipation. Dried flowers repel moths; by placing them in the closet, you don’t have to worry about the condition of your clothes.

Use in landscape design

Hybrid varieties of Tagetis are used in ornamental gardening. Low-growing flowers look organic in a colorful flowerbed and garden flowerpots.

Minimal care requirements and long flowering contribute to the popularity of marigolds. Compact bushes are grown to decorate the interior of rooms, terraces and balconies. They grow well in pots.

This is South America, they have successfully taken root in our area. And so much so that they began to be grown everywhere: both in city parks and gardens, and in private garden plots. These easy-to-care bright flowers delight the eye until late autumn. Today you will get acquainted with the best varieties of marigolds. We present to your attention a detailed description of the varieties, as well as a photo selection with the names of individual varieties.

Description of the plant

An annual/perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is distinguished by its varied stem length (from 15 to 130 cm) and the presence of a fibrous root system. The flowers grow quite large, forming a lush bush that can become a worthy decoration for any flower bed or garden.

The leaves of the plant are pinnate, whole, and jagged. The color of the leaves can be soft green and even rich green. Inflorescences on the bush are found both solitary and asteraceous. A distinctive feature of marigolds is their bright, rich color (yellow, orange, brown and multi-colored with a red variegated coating) and a peculiar delicate aroma.

Marigolds blooming

Marigolds are distinguished by generous, beautiful flowering, which begins with the arrival of warm summer and ends in late autumn (sometimes right up to the first frost).

Advice. If you want to add some “zest” to your garden, but don’t know which plant to choose, you should pay attention to marigolds. By choosing the right variety correctly, you will not only not spoil the appearance of the garden, but will also enhance the pleasant impression. In addition, marigolds are mostly a perennial plant, so for 3-4 years you can enjoy their beauty without worry.

Classification of marigolds

Despite the fact that there are annual and perennial varieties of marigolds, the latter are most often used in gardening. Marigolds are also classified according to the height of the bush: giant (about 1.5 m and above), tall (about 0.6 m), medium (not higher than 0.5 m), short (up to 0.4 m), dwarf (maximum height - about 0.15-0.2 m).

Main types

Despite the variety of marigold varieties, only a few main types of this plant can be distinguished:

Erect marigolds

• Erect (African). This species is characterized by spreading, erect bushes covered with a thick “carpet” of double, rounded inflorescences. The diameter of the flowers is, on average, about 10-12 cm. The stems of the plant are quite large, strong, reaching 1 m in height. This variety is most often used in group compositions, in flower beds and even in small bouquets.

Advice. If you have chosen a variety belonging to this species, keep in mind: a significant disadvantage of the African variety of marigolds is poor moisture tolerance. With frequent and heavy rains, flowering begins to lose its original appearance, and the plant itself rots over time.

• Small-flowered (French). A low variety of plant - it does not exceed half a meter in height. The inflorescences are also quite small - only about 3-5 cm in diameter. The plant pleases with its flowering until mid-autumn. The flowers are characterized by a single-color orange color (sometimes they are two-colored). Most often used to create beautiful edging around borders. They are unpretentious in care.

Small-flowered marigolds

• Thin-leaved. Thin-leaved marigolds grow in a very compact bush, not exceeding 0.4 m in height. The inflorescences are shaped slightly like chamomile, but have a rich yellow color. The size of the flowers is small - only 3 cm in diameter. Most often used to create bright compositions in small flower beds. Also used in cooking (as a seasoning). High maintenance: they love light and warmth.

Thin-leaved marigolds

• Small (graceful). Despite their name, marigolds of this species are truly gigantic in size - the height of the bush sometimes exceeds 1.2 m. But the inflorescences themselves look very elegant, neat, and are tiny in size. They are often used in cooking.

Small marigolds

Hybrid species

Separately, we can distinguish several varieties of marigold hybrids:

• Antigua. This dwarf hybrid (about 30 cm) is most often used to compact and decorate garden plantings. It is distinguished by the variety of color shades of its inflorescences: yellow, lemon, golden, etc.
• Aztec Lime Green. The bushes of medium height (about 0.4 m) proudly bear lush double inflorescences of delicate lime color with a green tint on their tops.

Aztec Lime Green

• Lunasi. These low-growing African marigolds are distinguished by their incredibly small size (about 15 cm) and unusual-looking inflorescences - they resemble chrysanthemums in appearance. They bloom unusually quickly (in just a couple of months) and fade just as quickly.
• Vanilla. An unusual hybrid that gets its name from its delicate vanilla-colored inflorescences. Used exclusively for propagation in flower beds and flowerpots (after cutting).
• Amber. The hybrid is represented by low bushes with powerful stems bearing bright orange double inflorescences. The species pleases with its early flowering and resistance to unfavorable climatic factors.

• Dianthus. Grown exclusively for further cutting. They are distinguished by their medium size and powerful, beautiful inflorescences.

The hybrid varieties presented above are just a few of the wide variety of marigold plants.

Popular varieties

Let's look at some of the most popular varieties of marigolds, most often used for growing in small flower beds, private gardens and for decorating city flower beds. Among the large number of African varieties, the following can be distinguished:

• Gold Dollar. The variety is compact and at the same time large in size (small in width, but tall - more than 1 m). The flowers are orange with red accents.
• Kilimanjaro. Hybrid variety intended exclusively for cutting. The size of the bush is large - it reaches a height of 0.6-0.7 m. Lush marigolds have a white color unusual for a plant.

Kilimanjaro

• Glitters. An unusual variety, represented by giant bushes - about 1.1 m. At the same time, the inflorescences grow in rather rare groups and are small in size - about 5 cm in diameter.
• Smile. This late-flowering variety is represented by a fairly powerful, developed bush about 1 m high. The inflorescences are large, yellow in color (sometimes several shades of yellow echo each other on one inflorescence: light yellow, lemon, golden, etc.).

Among the French varieties, the following can be distinguished:

• Naughty Marietta. One of the most popular varieties. Easy to care for, blooms for a long time. The bushes have an average height - no more than 0.4 m. The flowers grow densely and look like daisies. The color of marigolds is bright yellow, with a reddish core.

Naughty Marietta

• Fighter. A variety with an unusual appearance: marigolds resemble chamomile flowers in appearance. They grow very densely, creating a beautiful lush bush. They bloom for a short time - only at the beginning of summer.
• Bolero. A relative newcomer among the wide variety of marigold varieties. It has already caught the fancy of Russian gardeners. The bushes grow quite small - only about 0.3 m. The flowers on them are also small, double. The color is unusual - rich red with small yellow splashes. It blooms for a long time and is easy to care for.

Among the Mexican varieties, the following can be distinguished:

• Mimicix. An unusual variety, represented by compact bushes with dense, dense flowering of small marigolds. During the period of active flowering, the bushes form a natural low-growing flower bed. They can become a worthy decoration even for a large garden.

Marigolds (lat. Tagetes) is a genus of perennial and annual plants belonging to the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family. The plants are native to South and Central America. They have long been used in rituals of local Indian tribes, as well as to get rid of various diseases. Marigolds came to Europe in the 16th century and were the first overseas flowers to appear in Russia. Marigold flowers owe their name to Carl Linnaeus, who named them in honor of Tages, an Etruscan demigod, grandson of Jupiter, famous for his gift of fortune-telling and beauty. Today marigolds, or, as they are also called, black-browed ones, number about 40 species and are cultivated in many countries around the world.

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Planting and caring for marigolds (in brief)

• Landing: sowing in open ground at the end of May or beginning of June. For seedlings - in March.
• Bloom: from June until frost.
• Lighting: bright sunlight or partial shade.
• The soil: loamy, well moistened at the beginning of the growing season, nutritious, neutral.
• Watering: regular and sufficient until flowering begins, then moderate.
• Feeding: mineral solutions: 1st - at a seedling height of 10 cm, 2nd - during budding, 3rd - at the beginning of flowering.
• Trimming: possible, but not required.
• Reproduction: seed.
• Pests: spider mites, thrips, aphids, caterpillars, snails, slugs.
• Diseases: gray rot, black leg, root rot, viral infections.

Read more about growing marigolds below.

Marigold flowers - description

The stems of marigolds are erect or branched, forming a bush with a height of 20 cm to 130 cm. The root system is fibrous, the leaves are pinnately divided or pinnately dissected, opposite or alternate, the color of the leaves is from light green to dark green. Flower baskets in different shades of yellow, brown and orange. The middle flowers are tubular, bisexual, the marginal flowers are pseudolingulate, with five stamens. The pistil has two stigmas and the ovary is inferior. Marigolds bloom very profusely from June until the first frost. The fruit is a linear achene. Marigold seeds self-sow abundantly and remain viable for 3-4 years. The flowers do not emit a strong spicy smell as much as the leaves of marigolds.

Growing marigolds from seeds

Planting marigolds is not difficult even for a beginner, since these flowers are completely unpretentious. You can dig in a ready-made flowering bush, and it will almost certainly take root and delight you with long flowering. Or you can easily sow the seeds directly into open ground. This should be done in May, when the soil has warmed up sufficiently. Use a hoe to make a furrow approximately 5 cm deep, water it, sow seeds into the furrow and cover them with soil. The shoots will appear in a couple of weeks, and if they grow too thick, replant them.

But for those who are not looking for easy ways and are ready to test themselves as a breeder, we will tell you how to sow marigolds, how to grow marigolds from seedlings, how marigolds are obtained from seeds and when to plant marigolds as seedlings.

Preparing marigold seeds for planting

Marigold seeds are purchased only for the first planting, since at the end of flowering you can easily get seeds from your faded marigolds. You just need to let a few inflorescences dry well right on the bush and, if there is no rain, you can easily remove the ripened seeds from the cup, dry them and save them until spring sowing. Just remember that almost all marigolds existing in cultivation are hybrids, which means that every fourth seedling does not retain varietal properties and can inherit either paternal or maternal characteristics. Many gardeners plant marigold seedlings with sprouted seeds. To germinate, place the seeds on a saucer covered with a damp cloth, place the saucer in a plastic bag and place in a warm place. After three days, the seeds should hatch.

In the photo: Marigold seeds

When to sow marigolds for seedlings

The sooner you sow marigold seedlings (even in early spring), the faster they will bloom. If you grow different species, then know that upright marigolds are sown earlier than others (in mid-March), low-growing and small-leaved marigolds are sown in early April, and then all three species will bloom in June. Growing marigold seedlings is a simple process, but there are points that should not be missed. Prepare a soil mixture: humus, peat, turf, sand (1; 1; 1; 0.5) and disinfect by pouring a disinfectant fungicide solution or a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate.

Make sure that at the bottom of the container there is a drainage layer of crushed stone, sand or expanded clay 3 cm high, add fertilizer to the soil (any organic matter, except fresh manure).

Make grooves at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from each other, place the seeds in them and sprinkle with a small layer of soil. You need to water very carefully so that the water does not wash the seeds out of the soil. Keep the containers in a warm place (22-25 ºC) and make sure that the soil does not dry out. Sprouts should appear no later than a week later, then the container should be moved to the light and the temperature should be slightly reduced (15-18 ºC).

In the photo: Sowing marigold seeds for seedlings

When to plant marigolds

Seedlings are planted in open ground when the threat of late frosts has passed: marigolds come from warm regions and cannot tolerate cold weather. In addition, you need to wait until the seedlings have formed at least 3 leaves and a powerful root system. This usually occurs at the end of May or beginning of June. Marigolds need nutritious soil, well-moistened in the first half of summer, loamy and neutral. If the soil is infertile, you will have to fertilize 2-3 times during the growing season.

In the photo: Marigold seedlings in pots

The distance between seedlings depends on the species and variety. Tall marigolds are planted every 40 cm, the distance between the rows is also 40 cm (40x40 pattern), medium-sized ones - according to the 30x30 pattern, low-growing ones - 20x20. After planting, there is a need for frequent and abundant watering of marigolds, because despite the fact that they are considered drought-resistant plants, if marigolds are not watered enough, they will grow puny and their inflorescences will be small.

In the photo: Marigolds blooming in a flowerbed

Caring for marigolds

Marigolds love bright lighting, and although they tolerate partial shade and even shade well, they bloom most magnificently in the strongest sun. During growth watering should be sufficient, but as soon as the inflorescences begin to form, watering must be reduced so that the moisture does not stagnate: this causes the plants to rot and not bloom. Fertilize marigolds are not necessary at all, but if you feed them, the marigolds will respond gratefully. You need to feed with complex fertilizers when the seedlings reach a height of 10 cm, then when the first buds appear and, finally, at the very beginning of flowering.

Marigolds need regular weeding and loosening the soil, otherwise it is difficult for them to breathe. In summer, if the marigolds have grown, spend pruning to form beautiful bushes. Remove spent blooms and the plants will bloom even more. The peculiar aroma of marigolds and the phytoncides they contain serve as protection against fungal diseases not only for the plants themselves, but also for those growing in the neighborhood. It’s not for nothing that many gardeners frame their entire garden plot with marigold plantings. But if the summer is too wet, they may appear snails And slugs. The smell of bleach placed in jars between the plants can scare them away.

Sometimes it still appears on leaves and stems. gray rot. In this case, the affected plants will have to be destroyed so that they do not infect the rest of the marigolds. In dry summers, plants may be attacked by spider mites, which will have to be combated by spraying with infusion of onions, yarrow, and red hot pepper. But to prevent this from happening, try to increase the level of air humidity by spraying water around the marigolds several times a day.

Marigolds after flowering

As a rule, decorative marigolds are annual plants, so after flowering they are simply pulled out during autumn digging. If you want to grow marigolds next year, collect the seeds, dry them and store them until the end of March or beginning of February.

Do not throw away dried inflorescences; they will be useful to you around the house and in your home medicine cabinet. For example, if you have to work at the computer for a long time, eat 2-3 small heads of dark-colored marigolds before meals or add them to a salad.

In the photo: Dried marigolds

For roundworms or pinworms, adults need to eat 5 heads of marigolds, and children – 2-3 (depending on age), before bedtime for a week.

If you throw a bucket of wilted marigolds into your compost bin, there will be no midges around it.

Place a bouquet of marigolds on the windowsill and at the front door, and unexpected unkind guests will pass by your house.

And finally, we offer several recipes that may arouse interest among women:

• Lip balm(to achieve softness): Mix 2 tablespoons of chopped marigold heads with 1 tablespoon of apricot oil and 1/3 cup of olive oil. Leave the mixture in the dark for a week, then strain, carefully squeezing out the raw materials. Lubricate lips as needed.
• Facial lotion. Pour 2 tablespoons of crushed marigold inflorescences into a glass of boiling water and leave overnight, then strain, squeezing out the remainder, add 1 teaspoon of lemon juice and 1 tablespoon of vodka. Store the lotion in the refrigerator. Wipe your face with the infusion three times a day.
• For inflammation or irritation of the facial skin, prickly heat, use this remedy: pour 2 tablespoons of crushed marigold heads into one and a half glasses of hot water, bring to a boil, then leave for 3-4 hours under the lid, strain by squeezing out the raw materials, pour in the juice of a large aloe leaf and 2 tablespoons spoons of water. Store the mixture in the refrigerator. Wipe the inflamed areas twice a day.

Properties of marigolds

A flowerbed of marigolds is an invaluable home pharmacy: modern scientific research confirms the healing properties of marigolds, known from legends and traditions, so growing marigolds not only brings aesthetic pleasure, but also brings real benefits to human health. Lutein, for example, which they contain, reduces the likelihood of developing cataracts.

Traditional medicine also treats diabetes mellitus and inflammation of the pancreas with marigolds. Medicinal marigolds, dried and then infused, treat stomatitis, bronchitis, asthma and colds, and cleanse the blood. To prepare the infusion, you need to pour a tablespoon of crushed flowers into a liter of boiling water, leave for three hours, then strain and drink a glass half an hour before meals for a month.

In the photo: Dried marigold inflorescences

Baths with the addition of marigold decoction have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, relieve stress and anxiety, so they are recommended for depression and neuroses. In addition, the peoples of South America have long used marigolds as a seasoning, for making sauces and baked goods, and for marinades. In the markets of the Caucasus, marigolds are sold as a powder added to pilaf, satsivi and soups and called “Imereti saffron” by culinary specialists. The French, in order to satisfy the demands of their gourmets, grow marigolds on an industrial scale. Marigold leaves included in marinades give canned vegetables elasticity and a pleasant aroma.

In the photo: Dried crushed marigolds

Here is a recipe for homemade cookies that you will definitely like: beat 4 egg whites into a foam; Grind 2 tablespoons of fresh marigold petals with 100 g of sugar; rubbing 4 tablespoons of butter, gradually add 4 yolks, petals with sugar, then 100 g of flour, and then carefully place the whipped whites on top and mix gently; Place the dough on a baking sheet and bake until the crust is golden. Cut the cooled cake into squares.

Types and varieties of marigolds

There are many varieties of marigolds in cultivation, but three types of varieties are popular: erect marigolds (usually tall), deviated marigolds (short) and thin-leaved marigolds, which are less common in our latitudes than others. The varieties of these three species are very diverse: among them there are large-flowered and small-flowered marigolds, double and densely double marigolds in all shades of yellow, orange and brown.

Tagetes erecta

Or African marigolds, are giants of the genus, their height is from 30 to 100 cm. The inflorescences, as a rule, are single-colored and double, reaching 15 cm in diameter. Among the most popular varieties are Vanilla marigolds, 70 cm tall with creamy white double inflorescences 12 cm in diameter; Kilimanjaro marigolds 60-70 cm tall with densely double spherical inflorescences; Antigua marigolds, low, up to 25 cm in height, but erect, with large flowers - up to 15 cm in diameter, golden, lemon yellow, orange and bright yellow in color.

In the photo: Erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta)

Low growing marigold (Tagetes patula)

Or marigolds rejected, or French marigolds rarely grow above 60 cm. They are compact bushes with many double and non-double inflorescences, the diameter of which rarely exceeds 8 cm. These marigolds are also called spreading marigolds. The varieties of the Bonanza series up to 30 cm high (Bonanza Bolero, Bonanza Orange, Bonanza Flame, etc.) are in demand among flower growers, having highly decorative double inflorescences of bright flowers 5-6 cm in diameter and a long flowering time; The Carmen marigolds are very beautiful, decorating the flower garden with double inflorescences with corrugated petals of red-brown on the edges and orange-yellow in the middle shades.