(Tanacetum parthenium, Matricaria parthenium) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae (Asteraceae) family. It is known by several names: "pyrethrum maiden", "matricaria exceptional", "chrysanthemum maiden" and "tanacetum". The species-specific maiden daisy and its lovely garden forms look good. Sometimes a perennial is criticized for being a shameless weed. This is a consequence of the vitality and unpretentiousness of the plant, which grows, blooms and reproduces remarkably even when no one cares for it.

Not everyone realizes what a useful plant chamomile is. In the Middle Ages it was called the "mother herb". Plant name (Greek) parthenos- “virgin”), most likely due to the fact that maiden chamomile helps with painful menstruation. In those distant times, maiden chamomile was kept in apothecary gardens and monastery gardens as a remedy to help women during childbirth. It was given at high temperatures and fevers as an anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent.

Maiden's chamomile can also be used on the farm. First of all, as a reliable repellent of natural origin. And how nice it is that openwork bushes with light green foliage remain fresh, and sometimes even bloom, even in the gloomy pre-winter period!

Caring for maiden chamomile

Place. Maiden's chamomile is light-loving, but grows well in partial shade. It is planted in flower beds, flower pots and balcony boxes. Gardeners who favor environmentally friendly methods of pest control can leave a few bushes under garden trees, next to shrubs and in vegetable beds.

The soil. Maiden chamomile has no special predilections for the composition and structure of soils, although luxurious bushes often grow on fertile garden soils. Seedlings of maiden chamomile feel good even between paving slabs, in cracked blind areas, near humus heaps or, unexpectedly for everyone, they end up in flower pots with indoor plants.

Watering. Pyrethrum maiden steadfastly tolerates temporary drought. But prolonged waterlogging is dangerous for him.

Winter hardiness. Maiden's chamomile easily tolerates spring and autumn frosts. In winter, its bushes often do not freeze out, but get wet. Once on our site, in the place where at the end of summer a delicate lawn of numerous young daisy bushes had turned green, in the spring a huge heavy snowdrift did not melt for a long time. When the snow completely melted, it turned out that only a few withered bushes remained from the emerald carpet. I had to clean the area with a rake and sow lawn grass.

Trimming. A maiden chamomile bush will bloom continuously and for a long time if all faded inflorescences are regularly removed. It is easier and faster to cut off the faded top part with garden shears.

Reproduction. Maiden chamomile is replanted even at the moment of flowering. The main thing is to preserve the earthen lump. Dividing adult overgrown bushes is a simple and accelerated propagation option. The seed method is also simple. Especially when the plant itself does this: its self-seeding will appear in a variety of places. Seedlings grow very quickly, they tolerate transplantation well and easily settle into a new place. Flowering begins 80 - 100 days after emergence.

Maiden chamomile bushes grow everywhere

Varieties of maiden chamomile

Species(that is, the simplest) girlish daisy looks very cute. The inflorescences look like a tiny daisy. Once you rub the bright light green leaves, a sharp but quite pleasant smell appears.

It is easy to create carpet plantings from the native maiden daisy, which can be used to decorate uneven places, tree trunks, and “draw” patterns on lawns. When sowing masses, it is important to prevent the appearance of seeds so that you do not have to fight self-seeding.

Garden forms and varieties of maiden chamomile look great. Unfortunately, there are few of them on sale. This is a low-growing garden variety with golden leaves only 15–20 cm high. There are also tall forms up to 60 cm high, which are suitable for cutting.

There are domestic varieties of maiden chamomile on sale: “Snow Globe”, “Golden Ball”, “Yellow Ball”, mixtures of varieties and several foreign varieties. They differ in color, degree of terryness and size of the pompoms of numerous inflorescences. These are compact bushes 30 - 50 cm high, which are easier to grow as an annual crop. Varietal maiden chamomile is more heat-loving than species chamomile, so it is advisable to insulate it for the winter or grow it annually as an annual plant.

Maiden chamomile flowers

Care for feverfew (by month)

Winter (January - February). You can sow seeds even at such an early date if additional lighting is possible. Such early sowing produces flowering bushes by the May holidays.

March. Sowing seeds for seedlings for early flowering. Shoots appear in 7 - 11 days. In order not to thin out the seedlings, small seeds are mixed with dry sand. In a room, seedlings quickly stretch, so it is better to keep them on a windowsill next to a window, on an insulated glazed loggia or on a veranda.

April. Sowing continues. It can be carried out both at home and in greenhouses. In a greenhouse or under a film, the seeds are covered with a layer of soil of 3–5 mm. In cool spring, seedlings sometimes appear later, only after 15–18 days.

May June. When planting seedlings, take into account that overgrown bushes need a space of about 25 x 30 cm. At first, the seedlings are shaded from the bright sun. Sow the seeds in open ground so that the maiden chamomile blooms by the end of summer. Self-seeding weeding. Transplanting overwintered maiden chamomile bushes and self-sowing to a new location.

July. Mass flowering of maiden chamomile. Transplanting self-seeding and flowering bushes to new places. Watering in dry times. Fertilizing on poor soils. Faded inflorescences are cut off to prevent mass self-seeding. Sowing seeds for flowering early next summer.

August. Trimming faded inflorescences. Transplanting flowering plants into pots and balcony boxes, transferring them to the veranda, balcony or windowsill. Watering in dry weather.

September. Flowering continues, as adult plants can easily tolerate frosts down to -4°C.

October, first half of November. In early winter, pruning the ground part. Mulching the soil or using varietal pyrethrums to cover.

Maiden chamomile bush

Practical benefits

From garden pests. Maiden chamomile bushes become “garden orderlies” if they are hung in the garden on fruit trees.

A few bushes of maiden chamomile will improve the health of a garden strawberry bed and decorate it.

An infusion of chamomile leaves is used against sawflies and caterpillars. The concentrate is prepared a day in advance: place a couple of medium-sized bushes of feverfew in a bucket of hot water and leave for a day. Before spraying, the concentrate must be filtered, diluted with water and soap added for better adhesion.

Insects indoors. From mid-summer, flies begin to become impudent. Try grinding dried chamomile flowers and leaves and pouring them into boxes (without lids) that are placed indoors. You can use gauze bags with fragrant powder. Flies do not like the smell of pyrethrum at all. In earlier times, when there were much fewer household chemicals, pyrethrum powder was considered popular and a remedy for bedbugs, cockroaches and moths. They were used to save pets from scabies mites.

In the Middle Ages, live maiden chamomile bushes were kept indoors. They were believed to purify the air. Smoke from burning dry chamomile was used to fumigate residential and utility rooms.

Headache and emotional state. Pyrethrum essential oil helps with headaches and prevents migraine attacks (due to its antispasmodic properties). The smell of feverfew calms and stabilizes the nervous system. It can affect the mental state of hysteria. For treatment, the inflorescences and leaves of chamomile are used. In some countries (Poland, UK, USA) and Latin America, capsules and tablets containing Tanacetum parthenium powder are sold.

Notes of the aroma of girlish chamomile can be detected in expensive perfumes. Essential oil of feverfew, unfortunately, is very difficult to buy. I was told that only a few foreign companies produce it.

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An indispensable attribute of a suburban area is a rock garden, in which a wide variety of flowers and herbs grow, as well as the obligatory lawn with shrubs and herbs. And perennial garden chamomile is most often found here. Caring for chamomile is not difficult, because it does not require special attention. And against the background of bright greenery, the yellow or blue heads of daisies will attract attention.

Varieties of daisies

You can enjoy the beauty of daisies for a very long time. But it’s still worth choosing from the whole variety of varieties exactly the one that will look perfect in your garden plot. After all, there are simply many varieties of this amazing flower. The variety of garden chamomile varieties is amazing. You can choose any flower to your liking. They vary in size and shape. You can even choose ones that look like chrysanthemums with their fluffy and luxurious petals, and red terry chamomile also looks very beautiful.

Bushes can have a variety of colors and shades. They can be red, pink, lilac and pale blue. You can also choose daisies with different flowering times. And bouquets of daisies can stand in your home for more than one day and delight you with their beautiful and delicate flowers.

Types of garden perennial chamomile

But it’s still worth understanding the most popular varieties of daisies:

• Garden chamomile Princess. It has large flowers up to 12 cm in diameter. Its flowers are most often used in creating beautiful and delicate bouquets. And the plant can remain in one place for up to 4 years.
• Alaska - refers to large-flowered plants. Its head can reach 12 cm in diameter. The plant is quite tall, can reach a height of 90 cm. This variety of daisies is a drought-resistant plant. Peak flowering occurs in July and August. The plant is planted in the fall, and in the summer of next year the plant will delight you with flowers.
• The Silver Princess is characterized by the special whiteness of the petals on its flowers. This variety is most often used for group plantings, which makes it simply irreplaceable when creating alpine slides and small original flower beds. This plant begins to bloom in July, and finishes blooming its beautiful cups before frost.
• The Pobeditel variety is considered no less popular. Its snow-white inflorescences delight owners from July to August. They do not require dividing the bush and replanting for 4 years after planting.
• Fiona Coghill has pompom-type flowers, reaching up to 10 cm in diameter, with small bright yellow flowers inside.

Today there is simply a huge number of varieties of garden daisies, which allows you to choose the best option for yourself.

How to grow daisies and propagate them

You can grow a flower in a variety of ways: by seeds; dividing the bush; seedlings. The flower requires slightly acidic soil. Then, no matter how you grow it, it will take root and begin to delight you with its beautiful and delicate flowers.

The plant does not like shade, so you should choose a sunny place for it. And before landing you should fertilize the soil thoroughly. If the soil in the area is too acidic, its acidity should be reduced by adding soda or dolomite flour. The more space you leave for planting and growing the plant, the easier it will be to care for it.

Planting by seeds

Plants are planted with seeds directly into open ground in early May. It is worth remembering that the seeds of Persian chamomile are very small, and therefore for their speedy germination they should be sprinkled with a small layer of soil. After the first shoots have appeared, they should be carefully cared for.

In particular, you need Water the sprouts regularly and abundantly. After 4–5 leaves appear on each plant, they need to be planted in two or three bushes side by side. You can also plant chamomile seeds in the fall, then with the onset of warm days you will see the first tender shoots.

When planting a plant in the spring, you need to follow these rules:

1. The air temperature should not fall below 16 degrees.
2. For better seed germination, they need to be sown under covering material.
3. Crowding is not good for the plant, and therefore the bushes should be carefully thinned out as they grow.
4. The soil for planting must be neutral. Chamomile does not tolerate waterlogging.
5. Be sure to add mineral fertilizers to the soil before planting.

Propagation by seedlings

To grow a plant from seedlings, little preparation is needed; the seeds should be planted as early as March. First, you need to lay out high-quality drainage at the bottom of the container. Seeds should be planted in moist soil, and they should be sprinkled with a thin layer of soil, or not at all.

Diving should be done in plastic cups or peat pots. You must make a hole in the plastic cup to drain water.

After this, the pots should be covered with film and stored in a dark and dry place. When the first shoots appear, the film should be removed. Seeds needed moisturize thoroughly so that they sprout as soon as possible. And after the seedlings emerge, the cups with seedlings need to be placed on the windowsill, because the plants will need light and warmth.

Seedlings should be planted in open ground after the frosts have passed. It happens at the end of May. Planting in open ground is carried out in bushes of two or three at a time. The distance between them should be at least 40 cm. This is done so that in the future the plants do not intertwine with each other and do not interfere with each other.

Shrub division

An equally popular method of planting Persian chamomile is dividing the bush. This is done like this: in the spring, the bush is completely dug up and divided into two or three parts. In this case, all work must be carried out with bare hands.

This is done so as not to damage the roots of the plant. The plant can reproduce in this way every year. And it will begin to bloom in the same year. Growing chamomile should be done in stages:

• dig a hole slightly larger than the root system;
• put mineral fertilizers on the bottom;
• they need to be covered with soil;
• plant the plant and sprinkle the roots with soil;
• water thoroughly.

All methods of growing chamomile are extremely effective. Therefore, every gardener can choose the one that is right for him.

Features of chamomile care

Growing garden chamomile does not cause much trouble for the owner. In order for the plant to fully develop, you just need to follow some rules:

Garden bush daisy can have quite large heads when it begins to bloom. But for this the plant needs to be periodically rejuvenated. This is done by trimming one side of the bush. But every year you need to alternate sides. And in the fall, it is important to trim the plant to the soil in time. This will help it not freeze in winter and there will be no need to cover the chamomile for the winter.

Double chamomile is a simple but effective plant for any flower bed. There are about 180 varieties among it. Therefore, in order to understand which of the perennial double daisies to choose, it is necessary to consider this plant in more detail.

Description of terry chamomile

The herbaceous plant belongs to the Asteraceae (Asteraceae) family. Terry chamomile is popularly called cornflower. The name is not always correct, since there is a separate variety of terry chamomile - Nivyanik.

Terry chamomile is a decorative perennial with large double inflorescences.

The stem is thick, elastic and dark green, reaching a length of 30 to 100 cm. The buds are large and dense.

Terry chamomile

The time of inflorescence depends on the variety. On average, it starts in June and ends in October. Inflorescence 8-12 cm in diameter.

Double chamomile flowers look similar to chrysanthemums, but are not chrysanthemums. They can be soft or dense to the touch. Although there is information in several sources that nivaria is classified as one of the types of chrysanthemums. The information has not been officially confirmed in biological encyclopedias.

Interesting! A priori, double chamomile flowers are snow-white; flowers of rare varieties come in cream, milky, and chalky shades.

Flowers are suitable for bouquets - they remain fresh for a long time, exude a pleasant and slightly perceptible aroma, and look lush and beautiful, especially when combined with bright accents.

Characteristics of terry chamomile varieties

Among the abundance of types of terry chamomile, varieties that have their own individual characteristics are especially popular.

French chamomile

The plant is one of the most winter-hardy among the orders of the Astrov family.

It loves moist soil and is planted in open ground. The inflorescence is 11 cm. A distinctive feature is that it blooms from May until the onset of frost.

French chamomile

Daisy Goldfinch

The variety has golden, double flowers with narrow, dissected petals. Blooms from early June until the first frost (mid-October). The height of the bush is about 50 cm. It tolerates the lack of light especially poorly. Looks good in group plantings.

Daisy Goldfinch

Chamomile Nivyanik

Another name is Crazy Daisy chamomile. The stem grows around 70 cm. The petals of Crazy Daisy are elongated, dissected, and soft. The flowers are snow-white, chrysanthemum-like in shape. It grows on loose soils and requires a lot of light and space. Loves feeding. In May, it is recommended to first plant in a greenhouse, and in June - in open ground.

Chamomile Nivyanik

Chamomile Chrysanthemum

The variety is distinguished by a large single inflorescence. Diameter – 12 cm. Petals are soft to the touch, fragile. The plant is winter-hardy and does not require much light.

Chamomile Chrysanthemum

Chamomile Edelweiss

It is considered the flower of true love and happiness. The scientific name is Leontopodium. Tolerates severe frosts. The flowering period ranges from early June to late August. The appearance of the inflorescence resembles a lush lion's paw. Loves moist soils and does not require much light.

Chamomile Edelweiss

Chamomile Fiona Goghill

A densely double, pom-pom-like plant. Diameter – 8 cm. Height – about 50 cm. Blooms from early June to August. For normal development of chamomile, fertile soil, well moistened, is required. Loves fertilizers and top dressing.

Chamomile Fiona Goghill

Romashka Real Knight

The flowers are spoon-shaped (narrow in the middle, widening towards the edges). Arranged in 2 or 3 rows. The stems are massive, length – about 40 cm.

Romashka Real Knight

They are not winter hardy, but have increased disease resistance. Blooms in July. Feels good in open sunny areas.

Chamomile Little Lady

Reaches only 15 cm in height.

Chamomile Real Glory

Plant height – 75 cm. The marginal flowers are pure white, the tubular ones are pale yellow. Flowers with a diameter of 11 cm. Long flowering begins in June and lasts until the end of October. Has increased resistance to diseases and pests.

Chamomile Real Glory

Agricultural technology

When choosing this crop for a site, its characteristics should be taken into account. Each section has its own nuances.

Landing

The soil for planting should be loose and moist. The place is sunny and open. A month before planting, you need to plow, fertilize the soil with mineral or organic additives, and make small holes for planting.

Attention! Almost all varieties require a lot of light. If there is not enough of it, the plant will quickly wither.

There are 3 planting methods:

• The seedless method. Seeds are planted in open, prepared soil at the end of May or beginning of June. Since the seeds are small, they need to be lightly sprinkled with soil. After 2-3 weeks, the first shoots appear. After 3-5 leaves appear on the plants, daisies are planted 2 at a distance of 40 cm. If the variety is late, then terry chamomile will bloom in early autumn, early ones - in the second year of life.
• Seedling method. Popular method of reproduction. In early spring, seeds are sown in deep pots with loose soil and drainage. First, moisten the soil a little. After planting, the seeds are sprayed with water from a spray bottle, covered with film, and placed on a sunny tray. Planted in May, when the soil has warmed up well to a depth of 40 cm.
• Method of dividing a bush. An adult plant is divided every 3-4 years. In September or mid-spring, the plant is dug up and divided into 2-3 parts. Divided bushes are planted at a distance of 30-40 cm and watered.

Growing

Terry chamomile constantly needs to moisten the soil during the summer season. On hot, sultry days, watering should be carried out 3-4 times a week, 1 liter per 1 m².

It's best to simply check when the soil becomes dry.

Important! To prevent the soil from becoming too waterlogged and causing disease and bacterial development, the soil moisture should be checked. Moisture should penetrate to a depth of no more than 0.4 m.

Young plants are fed once every 2-3 weeks. For this, nitrogen fertilizers and mullein infusion (10 g per 1 m2) are used. If the weather is dry, water the chamomile after feeding.

Nitrogen fertilizers for chamomile

Adult double daisies (2-3 years of life) are fed with urea once before flowering - 20 g per 1 m2. Fertilizer is applied a second time if the leaves lose their brightness during flowering and become pale green.

Plants grow and grow quickly, so the bushes are regularly weeded. Loosen the soil 2-3 times per season.

Pest and disease control

Some varieties of terry chamomile have unique resistance to diseases, but most of them are susceptible to the following diseases if planting and care conditions are not met:

• Rust - red spots on the leaves.
• Powdery mildew - the plant becomes covered with a white coating, later turns brown and begins to rot.
• Gray rot - dead leaf tissue is covered with gray-brown fluff.

Treatment:

• All diseased plants are removed.
• Uninfected plantings are treated with fungicides - Topaz, Fundazol.

Among the pests, terry chamomile is attacked by thrips, aphids, and rot.

For treatment of small areas affected, it is recommended to use a home remedy – laundry soap. Apply a small amount of soap solution to the affected areas in the dark. If the folk remedy does not help, the plant is treated with insectoacaricides. Karbofos, Actellik are suitable.

Cutting flowers

Half a month after the start of flowering, you can cut the buds into bouquets. This should be done with garden shears.

If the owner plans to plant double daisies next year, then he leaves 3-4 flowers. After flowering ends, the baskets dry out. When they reach a light brown color, they are cut off. The seeds are removed and scattered in paper bags.

They need to be stored in a dry, dark place.

Preparing for winter

After flowering, before the onset of cold weather, the stems are cut at the root. If the gardener plans to plant daisies next year, then it is necessary to leave the seeds. For the winter, the roots are placed under covering material, dry leaves, spruce branches, and straw.

Masters of their craft have a couple of tricks that help grow magnificent double daisies on the site:

• If the soil is acidic, then do not despair. Before planting, it is enough to carry out alkalization by adding 300 g of lime and dolomite flour per 1 m².
• Immediately before planting, flower fertilizer is poured into the hole, which can be purchased in specialized stores.
• At the beginning of flowering, for maximum lush buds, the plant is fed with a solution of potassium sulfate, superphosphate, 20 g per 10 liters.
• To extend the life of cut terry daisies for sale, experienced gardeners feed them with soda (3/4 teaspoon diluted in a liter of water). This will help get rid of bacteria and maintain a presentable appearance.

Attention! Do not overdo it with soda - it will destroy the plant.

• For abundant germination, mulch the soil with dry grass and sawdust.
• Nielweed grows in one place for no more than 7-8 years. Strong growth harms the plant’s immunity and the quality of flowers. Therefore, every 2-3 years it is necessary to rejuvenate terry chamomile by dividing the bushes.

Terry daisies are flowers that look fresh in bouquets, maintaining their original appearance and pleasant aroma for a long time. Using the information from this article, even a novice gardener will be able to get many beautiful and lush buds of this plant on his site.

From childhood, everyone is familiar with such a flower as chamomile, which we saw in fields and meadows. Daisies, like little suns, delight the eye with their snow-white frame and bright sunny core. This is an incredibly delicate and cute flower that will appeal to both experienced gardeners and beginners. In addition to its tenderness and beauty, the flower is famous for its ease of care, which attracts flower growers even more. You can recognize this plant by its petals and the center eye.

This plant has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. As of today, In 26 countries, chamomile is grown, which can cure a large number of ailments.

Natural habitat - Central and Southern Europe, as well as temperate regions of Asia. It is a member of the Asteraceae, or Asteraceae, family.

Garden chamomile is called cornflower; it has a number of differences from meadow chamomile. Garden chamomile is also popularly called belyushki, sunflower, whitehead, tyagun, squirrel-grass, etc.

In the article we will consider the botanical description of the flower, its types and varieties, as well as the features of planting, care and use in landscape design.

Garden chamomile is a perennial garden plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The stem is thin, can reach a maximum height of 60 cm; bipinnate leaves are alternately located on it. At the top there are large inflorescences (up to 15 cm in size), which are collected from a large number of yellow and white flowers without reeds and reeds, inside of which there is a yellow center. The petals are quite large, arranged in 1-2 rows. In terry forms, the petals are arranged in several rows.

It is distinguished by active and rapid growth, as well as early flowering, lasting from the end of June to the end of August.

Note! As chamomile grows, it forms dense thickets, and in full bloom it pleases the eye with its white and yellow caps, but flowering does not last long - only about twelve days. Then a huge number of seed fruits are formed, of which there can be up to 25,000 on one plant.

During the time that chamomile has been grown in their gardens, a large number of varieties with double forms or large baskets have been bred. Today, only a few main types of nevus are planted in gardening, and all of them are combined under one name - “garden chamomile”.

Types of chamomile with photos and descriptions

In Europe, people began growing chamomile in their gardens about 500 years ago. During this time, many different varieties were bred: with abundant and rather long flowering and large inflorescences. It was even possible to breed chamomile with terry forms.

Below are the types of chamomile, their names and photos.

Cornflower (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)

It is classified as a classic chamomile, which has a yellow core and white petals.. Among the people, it received such names as golden flower, popovnik, milky chrysanthemum and gigantic chamomile.

As a cultivated plant in gardens, the most common type of garden chamomile is the common cornflower. Its height can reach 60-70 cm, and the inflorescences have a diameter of 6-7 cm. Nielberry flowering continues for 2 months, starting from the first days of June.

There are more than 10 varieties, which vary in shape, petal structure and flower size.

Pyrethrum (Pyrethrum roseum Adam)

The flowers of this species are small in size and have a wide range of colors - these are white flowers, and pink, scarlet, crimson, and red.

This type of chamomile differs from the previous one in the structure of its leaves, which have a fern-like shape. The most popular varieties of pyrethrum include:

Pyrethrum parthenifolium aureum

This species looks wonderful along borders, and it is very easy to recognize by the color of its leaves, because they have a sunny yellow color. Breeders have developed several varieties of pyrethrum that will undoubtedly decorate your garden.

Doronicum

It is an early flowering plant, has yellow inflorescences that are pleasing to the eye from the beginning of May to the end of June. Their genus includes about 36 species, but in gardening the most popular are only three species:

1. Doronicum Caucasian- reaches a length of 50 cm, has large flowers. It has a dark yellow head and an orange disc.
2. Doronicum planum- its difference is a long peduncle reaching up to 140 cm and large yellow inflorescences, approximately 12 cm in size. Flowering begins in mid-May and continues for a month. However, this variety has one drawback - it very quickly loses its decorative properties, because the leaves gradually die off at the end of June.
3. - is a shade-tolerant plant, has an erect stem 30-50 cm long, at the top of which large yellow flowers bloom (about 8 cm in diameter). It begins to bloom in mid-May and continues until mid-June. However, this variety, like the previous one, very quickly loses its decorative qualities due to the rapid death of leaves. For this reason, experienced gardeners recommend planting these varieties in the background.

Antemis (Athemis tinctoria)

Another name for this species is dyeing navel. The flowers of this type of chamomile have a rich yellow color and reach 5 cm in diameter. The length of the plant is approximately 30 cm. It is distinguished by good branching and pubescent grayish-green leaves.

Antemis tolerates heat and heat very well. Chamomile blooms profusely and for a long time, beginning to bloom in mid-July. Reproduction occurs by self-sowing.

Big daisies

Many people wonder What are the big daisies called? The name of this chamomile is autumn or late chrysanthemum. This bush chamomile is extremely popular, due to its unpretentiousness in care and maintenance. Also, many people are attracted by the spectacular appearance of huge flowers, the length of which can reach human height (approximately 130-160 cm).

For the most part, the flowers of this type of daisy reach approximately the same height. Therefore, it may seem as if the flowers are collected in beautiful huge bouquets.

Flowering time begins at the end of August and continues until the end of November. Snow can often be seen on the last flowers.

The following varieties of large chamomile are distinguished:

Colored daisies

Often many flowers and plants are incredibly similar to each other, and distinguishing one flower from another is not an easy task. Such plants are. In this regard, many people wonder what colored daisies are called. Such “daisies” can be:

Features of growing from seeds

In the following sections we will talk about planting and caring for garden perennial chamomile with photos.

Sowing seeds

There are two ways to grow chamomile: using seedlings and without seedlings. If necessary, seeds are sown directly into the ground, but the seedling method is more reliable.

Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out in spring (March). For sowing, you need a planting container (having cells), which is filled with light and moistened soil, which contains peat and sand (in a 1:1 ratio). Then two or three seeds should be placed in each cell, and then sprinkled with a thin layer of soil.

Cover the container with transparent film, then place it next to the window opening. But placing the container directly on the windowsill is prohibited, since bright sunlight can harm the germination process. The soil must be sprayed immediately after it becomes dry.

Seedling

If the seedlings are located in a room with normal room temperature, then the first shoots should be expected 10-14 days after sowing. When the first shoots appear, it is necessary to remove the protective film from the container and place the container on the windowsill, where the plant will receive a sufficient amount of sunlight.

When the sprouts reach a height of 5 cm, they will need to be thinned out. To do this, it is necessary to remove the weakest sprouts and leave one strong and strong plant in each cell.

Note! Weak plants should not be pulled out of the ground, as this may damage the root system of the remaining chamomile. It is necessary to carefully break off the sprout above the surface of the ground.

Time to plant seedlings in the ground

Transplantation of seedlings into open ground is carried out a month and a half after the appearance of the first shoots. Also, at the time of planting there should no longer be frost or the threat of frost. The most favorable place for growing chamomile will be an area well lit by sunlight, with neutral or limestone soil.

Important! Groundwater must lie deep underground.

Transplanting

Before planting daisies, it is necessary to prepare the area in advance. To do this, you need to dig up the ground and apply complex fertilizers for flowers. The holes should be 20-30 cm deep, and a distance of 20-40 cm must be maintained between planting holes. The depth of the holes and the distance between them is affected by the type of chamomile that should be planted.

The sprout must be carefully removed from the container along with a lump of earth and carefully placed in the recess. Then fill it with soil and lightly compact the surface. After this, watering is carried out. Bush chamomile will begin to bloom next year.

Features of care and maintenance

Care

After planting seedlings in the soil, the plant must be provided with frequent and regular watering. However, after the flowers begin to grow and take root, you should not water them so often, only in severe drought.

It is recommended to sprinkle the soil surface with mulch or peat after watering - this will help retain moisture in the soil for a longer time. Also, do not forget about fertilizing and timely loosening of the top layer of soil. An important point in caring for chamomile is its careful preparation for winter, since the plant does not tolerate low temperatures very well. It is carried out in this way: all ground shoots are cut off, and the remaining plant is covered with sawdust, non-woven material or dry foliage.

It is necessary to feed the flower annually, using humus, compost or peat as fertilizer, which should be added to the soil. In mid-spring (somewhere in April), ammonium nitrate (20 grams per 1 m²) must be poured in an even layer between the rows of shrubby chamomile. After this, there is no need to water the plant. When buds begin to appear on the herbaceous plant, a urea solution must be added under those bushes where faded shoots and leaves are observed. In the fall, experts recommend adding slaked lime or dolomite flour to the acidic soil.

Reproduction

This crop can be propagated by dividing the bush or sowing seeds. Experienced gardeners do not recommend growing shrubs in the same place for more than 5 years. However, after 2-3 years, the bushes will no longer have sufficient decorative appeal, since they begin to grow and thicken, which leads to a decrease in the size of the inflorescences and the death of the middle stems. To avoid this, it is necessary to plant young shoots in time. This procedure should be carried out at the end of September or beginning of October.

Cool weather is required for this process. Part of the bushes is separated and placed in a previously prepared hole, which must first be watered with water. Then they are covered with nutritious soil. When dividing the same bush next year, the division is taken from the other side.

Chamomile can also be propagated using seeds. It was described above how to grow seedlings, but it is possible to sow seeds directly into open ground before winter. They will not freeze out in cold soil, but will undergo natural stratification. In the spring, the daisies will sprout and all you have to do is thin them out.

Diseases and pests

If the care rules are not followed, the plant can be overtaken by the following diseases:

To combat fungal diseases, Fundazol, Topaz, Kuproxat and other fungicides are used.

Among the harmful insects that can be found on chamomile, wireworms, star-winged flies, aphids and thrips can be found.

Application in landscape design

Garden chamomile is used as a decoration for hills and borders. High varieties are grown mainly for the formation of bouquets.

Excellent neighbors for chamomile will be garden lilies, cornflowers, bluebells, delphinium, calendula, and red poppy. Low varieties will look bright and unusual along paths and against the backdrop of green lawns.

Large chamomile- a perennial plant that winters well in open ground. Scientific name - cornflower. This is an amazing flower in its beauty and size. For all its simplicity, the large (giant) chamomile never ceases to amaze people who admire its beauty. For more than ten years now I have been growing nevberry in my garden plot. However, no one can pass by the giant daisy blooming on my property without stopping for a moment to admire the snow-white cloud of these amazing flowers.

Giant chamomile (nivyanika) is excellent for cutting. Cut at the beginning of flowering (the “age” of a blooming chamomile flower can be easily determined by the mass of open anthers on its yellow patch), it will stand in a vase for up to two weeks. You just need to change the water in the vase and refresh the cut on the flower trunks.

And this chamomile is called giant because, compared to the common garden chamomile, it is truly a giant. The size of a flower in a cornflower can reach 15 centimeters or more in diameter. The height of a large chamomile (Gagantica) depends on the age of planting. In the first year after planting, the height of the plant is on average 70-80 centimeters. At the same time, the flower trunks are very powerful; their thickness at the base can reach 1 centimeter.

In subsequent years of growing chamomile, the height of the flowers is up to one meter, but the trunks are already becoming thinner. This is caused by the thickening of the growing bush. If you grow chamomile in one place, without replanting, for several years, the bushes become very thick, the trunks become very thin (no more than 5 millimeters), the flower itself becomes smaller, although the height of the plants can be more than 1 meter.

In their gardens and personal plots, flower growers grow various varieties of giant chamomile. Varieties of cornflower differ in flowering time, shape and number of rows of petals. Some daisies have egg-shaped petals, while others have straight petals with rounded ends. One variety has only one row of petals, another has three.

The earliest daisies bloom for gardeners in our area at the end of May. The latest varieties of giant chamomile bloom in the second half of July. I note that early varieties of chamomile tend to bloom again in late summer and early autumn. True, this flowering is very poor and the flower itself is not as lush as when it first bloomed. By growing varieties of giant chamomile with different flowering periods in your garden plot, you can enjoy its flowering throughout the summer.

Reproduction, planting and replanting of large chamomile

The easiest and most affordable way propagation of giant chamomile- dividing the bush. In order to grow really large daisies, so that the plants are strong and produce large flowers, you need plant daisies at least once every three years. If this is not done, the bushes thicken, the flowers become smaller, the stems stretch out and become thin. Old dying roots inhibit the growth of young roots, the middle of the bush becomes bare, and the bush grows in a ring. Dividing the bush also allows you to propagate the variety faster.

Preparing the soil for planting large chamomile

It is better to prepare the soil for planting giant chamomile in advance. Since chamomile is grown in one place for at least three years, it is very desirable to add organic matter for digging - at least 1 bucket of humus per 1 square meter. In addition to nutrients, adding organic fertilizer also improves the soil structure and increases its moisture holding capacity. After all, over three years, the soil under the chamomile becomes very compacted, and oxygen access to the roots deteriorates. If there is not enough humus, it must be added to the furrows when planting flowers.

When digging up a site for planting cornflower, you should carefully select the roots of perennial weeds such as wheatgrass. Be sure to select cockchafer larvae from the soil if you come across them, since this pest really loves to feast on the juicy roots of the giant chamomile.

When is the best time to replant giant chamomile?

The best time to plant chamomile roots is after flowering, as soon as young shoots begin to grow. It is advisable that the weather is not too hot during seating. And it is best if the weather is cloudy and rainy for several days after planting. Such conditions make it easy for young sprouts to take root.

From my own experience, I know that it does not always coincide that the weather is favorable and the grower has time to prepare and transplant chamomile in the summer. Personally, I most often used warm September rainy days for this procedure. After all, in September there is already less to do in the garden and you can safely devote time to preparing the soil for growing chamomile and planting nevus bushes. It happened that I replanted chamomile in early October - it also took root perfectly. You should be guided by the following: the earlier the nivaria is planted, the stronger the plants will go into winter and the easier they will endure the first wintering.

You can do planting giant chamomile and early spring. In this case, too, the sooner the better. There was a case when winter ended too early and in the second half of February I had the opportunity to plant daisies. By the time of flowering, these plants had taken root perfectly and formed a full-fledged large flower. Transplantation during March and the first half of April also gives good results. Later planting dates do not allow the plant to form a full-fledged flower. Nevertheless, planting chamomile even in May allows the plants to take root well, but the flower does not have time to gain strength at this time of planting. An interesting fact is that regardless of the timing of planting and the degree of development of the plant, the giant chamomile blooms strictly at the time prescribed by nature.

How to plant large chamomile (niverberry)

It is convenient to plant cornflowers in furrows made with a glander (a hoe or a hoe, as you like). If humus was not introduced when digging the plantation, then it is introduced into the furrows during planting and mixed with the soil. The furrows are filled with water and chamomile roots are planted in them. Bushes should be divided as much as possible. I try to divide in such a way that each sprout that has at least one, even a very small root of its own, is separated. If it is not possible to separate a single sprout, then a group of sprouts that have a common root(s) should be separated.

When planting, the roots should be covered with earth so that after planting the planted row of sprouts ends up in a shallow groove - very convenient for saving water during the first waterings. Over time, the groove will be sprinkled, since new sprouts tend to rise slightly above the ground and can be covered with a little soil.

Latin name: Matricaria.

Family: Asteraceae.

Other names: Nurse, Romain, Camilla, Common cornflower, Popovnik.

Chamomile belongs to the genus of flowering plants; its leaves are pinnately dissected. The chamomile flower is complex, with a diameter of 4 mm. and more. Human-bred species of Chamomile have rather large flowers - about 15 cm in diameter.

Secrets of growing chamomile at home

In the wild, chamomile looks almost the same: the center of the flower is yellow and the petals are white. Chamomiles usually differ from each other in their leaves and the size of the flower or the plant itself.

Chamomiles are widespread in America, Eurasia, South Africa, and are also artificially bred in Australia. In Eurasia, the most commonly found are Chamomile, Chamomile (Chamomile), and Chamomile. Scented Chamomile is named for its special smell, which intensifies when the plant is rubbed in your hands. In European countries, Chamomile is bred for its medicinal properties. There are also many garden species, about fifty of them.

In the wild, the common chamomile prefers to grow in fields, meadows or forest clearings, and is very often adjacent to the bell. Scented Chamomile has recently acted as a weed in the garden. Chamomile likes to grow in fields, although it is very often found along roads.

Medicinal use: Fresh and dried Chamomile flowers are actively used in traditional and folk medicine; they contain anthemisic acid, essential oil, glycosides and many other substances. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antiseptics are made from Chamomile. Often its decoction is used: externally - for baths, lotions and various rinses; It is taken orally in the form of tea, which is very common in England.

Also, tinctures are made from the flowers of Chamomile, which are taken for stomach pain, cramps in the intestines, and also as a diaphoretic. Due to its harmlessness, its decoction is prescribed even to infants. No less often, a decoction or tincture of Chamomile is used to give hair a golden hue; this is done by regularly rinsing with a decoction of Chamomile.

Large perennial garden chamomile: how to choose and grow in the garden

The medicinal properties of chamomile are known to many. Flowers are collected all summer, the main thing is not to confuse chamomile with other similar plants. Chamomile takes root very well in summer cottages.

How to sow it correctly, collect medicinal raw materials and for what diseases to use, we will consider in this article.

Growing chamomile

This miracle grass grows very well in sunny areas. An annual plant can grow in one place for up to 5 years, due to self-sowing. Therefore, having planted chamomile once, you don’t have to worry about the seedlings every year. As necessary, you can collect dried inflorescences and sow them in those areas where you want to see these delicate flowers.

Seeds are sown either before winter, in October, or in early spring. Seeding rates: 0.3 g-0.5 g per m². For winter crops, increase the rate by 50%. For ease of sowing, you can mix small seeds with sand (ratio 1:40) and distribute them evenly over the surface or in grooves 1 cm deep. Germination begins at a temperature of +6°C. The optimal temperature for germination is +20°C.

Garden chamomile - a large perennial flower

An important point is to prevent the formation of a crust on the soil surface. Thin and weak shoots will not be able to break through the roughened soil.

Therefore, it is better to cover the moist soil in which the seeds are sown with film. After mass shoots, remove the film. Chamomile loves organic fertilizers, which are applied to the soil several weeks before planting the seeds. Chamomile begins to bloom 35-50 days after germination.

Collection of medicinal raw materials

For medicinal purposes, the inflorescences are used, which are collected on a sunny day, in the morning, after the dew has subsided. During the flowering season, about 5 collections are made. Depending on the density of crops and territory. Chamomile flowers should be dried outdoors or in well-ventilated areas, avoiding direct sunlight. Spread the raw material on cloth or paper in a thin layer, stirring occasionally. Dried chamomile inflorescences should be stored in paper or cloth bags, or in a glass jar, in dry rooms. The healing properties are not lost throughout the year.

Medicinal properties of chamomile

This plant, although small, has great potential.

Drinking chamomile tea or decoction helps with the following diseases:

• spasms;
• colitis;
• flatulence;
• diarrhea;
• inflammatory processes;
• diseases of the uterus;
• diseases of the digestive system.

To prepare medicinal chamomile tea, you need 1 tbsp. Brew a spoonful of dried inflorescences with a glass of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour. Take for adults 0.5 cups 2 times a day. To prepare the decoction, you need to take 1 tbsp. spoon of chamomile and pour 1 cup of boiling water, leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. Let cool for 45 minutes. Strain the broth and add boiled water to 200 ml.

Often, chamomile is added to herbal teas for the treatment of gastritis, enteritis, colitis, and restorative teas. Chamomile is used as a tea, infusion or decoction, which is used internally, rinsed the mouth, made enemas, and also externally, in the form of lotions. For rheumatism and joint pain, use brewed chamomile pulp. Warm steamed inflorescences are applied to sore spots, covered with a towel, and wrapped in a warm scarf. All possible treatment methods must be agreed with a doctor; self-medication can be hazardous to health.

By the way, chamomile is also used in veterinary medicine to treat diseases of the digestive system of animals.

Decorative use of chamomile

Small flowers, when blooming en masse, look very good, both in group plantings and in single ones. You can sow flowers along alleys, paths, and borders. You just need to sow thickly to avoid bald spots and rare shoots. In group combinations, chamomile is used in flower beds and flower beds, rock gardens, and rockeries. The main thing is not to forget that the plant loves sunny areas. Shade and excessive moisture are contraindicated.

By growing chamomile in your summer cottage, you can not only provide yourself and your family with medicinal raw materials, but also make your flower beds and flower beds brighter and lighter. Delicate flowers are ready to delight with bloom and aroma all summer long.

Among the many flower crops, everyone is familiar with the perennial garden chamomile. An unpretentious and quite simple-looking plant attracts with its unobtrusiveness and severity. It easily gets along both in partial shade and in the sun. How and with what flowers to plant it? Delphiniums, lilies, and perennial phlox would look appropriate next to it. Low-growing varieties can be used to decorate an alpine slide.

Chamomile varieties for the garden

giant daisy

Chamomile is part of the aster family. The height of the crop varies from 30 to 100 cm, and the diameter of the blooming bud is from 10 to 15 cm. Varieties differ in the size of the bush, flower and the number of petals in the bud. Representatives of different species differ in color. They can be not only white, but also lilac, yellow, pink and red.

Perennial garden chamomile has the following popular varieties:

1. Cornflower or giant chamomile is the most popular variety; it is grown for cutting and making floral arrangements. The diameter of the inflorescences is 15 cm or more, and the height of the cornflower reaches 70 cm and above.
2. Princess garden is a plant that grows in height up to 30-35 cm. The size of the buds is quite large - about 10 cm in diameter. If purple or yellow allisum is grown from seeds, then this variety will make excellent company.
3. Alaska is a major representative of this flower culture. The height of the stems often exceeds 70 cm, and the flower size is 12 cm or more.
4. The northern star is a tall plant, blooms throughout the summer, loves sunlight and tolerates drought.

In the flowerbed you can often see specimens with pink, red, and orange buds. Such representatives include Doronicum and Pyrethrum. The common features of all the perennial varieties listed above are resistance to weather conditions, strong stems and significant size of inflorescences. In addition, planting and care are simple; lengthy time spent on gardening work is not required.

Planting prepared seeds in open ground

Before organizing work, it is important for the gardener to remember the timing of planting garden chamomile in the country. The optimal period for sowing seeds in this case will be from the end of May to the beginning of June. When choosing a date for planting seeds, you must be guided by weather conditions in a particular region. In any case, before sowing, the probability of frost should be zero.

As for the composition of the soil, perennial chamomile can only be planted in well-drained, fertile soil with medium acidity. The same soil is suitable for planting lilies of the valley, hostas, and begonias. When preparing the bed, you can add any nutritional composition of organic origin to the soil. The sowing process does not involve deepening, since the seeds of this perennial are small. Having spread the material over the surface of the soil, it is enough to sprinkle it on top with a thin layer of earth.

Video about growing garden chamomile.

After the first shoots with tender leaves appear above the soil surface, the seedlings must be planted.

Proper planting and care of perennial garden chamomile

The distance between young plantings should be at least 40 cm. A crop planted in this way will have time to grow and get stronger over the summer.

Growing chamomile using seedlings

Growing garden chamomile from seeds using the seedling method is also in demand among summer residents. In this case, it is recommended to sow the prepared planting material in early March.

The process consists of the following steps:

1. The containers are filled with a light substrate of sand and peat in equal parts.
2. The seeds also do not require burial; it is enough to carefully scatter them over the surface of the soil and lightly sprinkle them with soil. You need to stretch the film over it and place the container in a warm room. In this case, it is necessary to avoid exposing the seedlings to daylight.

After 2 weeks or a little earlier, the chamomile should sprout its first shoots. At this point, you should remove the film and move the container with the sprouts to a windowsill or any other well-lit place. The main condition is the presence of sunlight. In this case, it is necessary to exclude the occurrence of drafts.

Alpine cornflower

If the seedlings are too dense, they will need to be planted in separate pots after the first 2 leaves appear. It is recommended to plant small daisies in open ground only after the end of frost. This period in the Central region of Russia occurs at the end of May. The same rule must be followed if planting purslane, begonia, anemone and a number of other flowers is organized.

Planting is carried out in an open sunny place in previously prepared holes 30 cm deep. The distance between plants should be at least 20 cm. The earthen ball along with the seedling should be completely removed and placed in the prepared hole, and sprinkled with earth on the sides. The seedling needs to be watered and the soil around it carefully compacted.

Caring for growing flowers

Unpretentious garden chamomile care is absolutely uncomplicated and does not require much time. First, you will need to provide the young seedlings with abundant watering. After rooting, the frequency of irrigation can be reduced by first mulching the circle around the flower with peat. This will ensure moisture retention for a longer period. Further care consists of regular loosening and weeding of the plants.

An important nuance is feeding chamomile. First you need to apply fertilizer in the form of ammonium nitrate, scattered between the rows. An additional feeding period occurs during the period when the first buds appear. A urea solution is suitable as a fertilizer. In order to protect the soil from excessive oxidation, it is recommended to add a little wood ash to the soil.

Before the start of the winter period, shoots are cut off from daisies, and the plants are covered with dry fallen leaves. With the onset of the first warm days, the leaves are carefully removed, and a urea solution is applied under the roots.

Garden chamomile, which is extremely easy to plant and care for, attracts attention with its incredibly delicate inflorescences that can decorate absolutely any garden plot. That is why all beauty lovers should definitely look at this seemingly simple, but incredibly cute flower.