When to plant beans outdoors with seeds. How to plant beans in open ground with seeds

Beans are one of the most ancient representatives of the vegetable world. In Russia, they began to be cultivated as early as the 6th-7th century. Legumes are an annual herbaceous plant with a powerful root system that can go as deep as 1.5 meters. Microorganisms live on the root system, which form nitrogen in the course of their life. Thanks to this amazing property, legumes are able to restore soil fertility and are excellent predecessors for many crops. The plant stem can reach a height of 1.8 meters. The beans are pollinated by insects.

Acceptable conditions for growing beans

Legumes are unpretentious in care, but you still need to look after them. Especially if there is a desire to grow a really good crop. Garden culture is not demanding on climatic conditions, the seeds are able to germinate at a temperature of +3 degrees, and the seedlings can withstand temperatures as low as -4 degrees. Due to this advantageous feature, legumes are actively cultivated in almost all regions of our country.

bean seeds

Choice of land. The optimal site in the country is a hill without blackouts, where the snow melts as soon as possible. Culture loves soils that are able to retain moisture, preferably loamy and clay soils. But drained peat bogs are also quite suitable. Beans grow effectively on slightly acidic and neutral soils if mineral and organic fertilizers are added to them. Legumes cannot be grown in the same place for several years. Good predecessors are potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, etc.
Land preparation. Preparations should begin in the fall. It is necessary to dig to a depth of 20-22 cm. At this time, peat compost and rotted manure are introduced into the soil.
Important! A few weeks before the upcoming expected date of planting, complex fertilizers are applied to the ground.
Preparing seeds for sowing. Selected germinating seeds are used as planting material. It is necessary to calibrate the planting material, remove damaged and non-standard beans. Soaking and germinating peas is not necessary at all. This is done so that the process of cultural development goes faster. You can keep the seeds in water for no more than 15 hours. If you neglect this rule, germination will deteriorate sharply.
Proper planting of seeds. Beans are planted early because the plant is cold hardy. But it is important to ensure that the soil warms up to a temperature of at least +5 degrees. Sow beans in rows, leaving an interval of at least 0.4 meters between them, as well as in double rows. The interval between crops in one row, as a rule, varies from 12 to 15 cm. Soon after planting, the plants are abundantly poured with water and the soil is slightly tamped, be sure to cover it to protect the seedlings from attacks by rooks.
Bean care. Before the formation of shoots, the earth is loosened with a rake. As it develops, in addition to loosening, hilling is also carried out. After two weeks after germination, legumes should be fed. As a top dressing, 500 ml of mullein, 1 tbsp. urea diluted in 10 liters of water. Before flowering, the beans do not need frequent watering; during flowering and fruit formation, the frequency of watering should be increased.

Important! Before planting, planting material must be disinfected. To do this, the seeds are dipped in warm water with boric acid and ammonium molybdate. It will not be superfluous to use special bacterial fertilizers, for example, rhizotrophin and nitragin (use strictly in accordance with the attached instructions for use).

Step by Step Instructions: Soaking the Seeds

soaking beans

How to soak beans before planting? Before proceeding to this issue, it is necessary to find out whether it is necessary to soak the beans before planting and for what purpose.

When preparing seedlings, the most difficult thing is to overcome the period between sowing and the first shoots. How should planting material be soaked, how to soak beans? It is important not only to properly soak the planting material, but also to calibrate, since low-quality seeds will not appear at all or will do so later than the allotted time.

Note! After soaking, the seeds germinate quite quickly and simultaneously, which greatly simplifies the process of caring for plants. This is due to the fact that they are all at the same stage of their development.

There are several ways to soak bean seeds for the upcoming outdoor planting.

The most common methods:

To implement the first method, you will need an ordinary plastic bag and a piece of gauze. The material is abundantly moistened with warm water, after which the selected high-quality seeds are carefully laid out on one side. The seed material is covered with the free edge of the cloth, after which everything is placed in the bag. The contents of the package should be stored in a warm place. As a rule, subject to all the rules and the temperature regime, the seeds germinate after a day.
The second method is almost identical to the first, but instead of a plastic bag, a glass container with a tight-fitting lid is used. Seeds are placed in a richly moistened piece of cloth, after which everything is placed in a jar. Store in a warm room for approximately 3-4 days. The jar should be periodically opened for ventilation.
The third method refers to express methods. In this case, the principle is slightly different and is due to the speed of the procedure. Calibrated seeds are placed in a piece of matter and placed in good quality vodka. Enough 10-15 minutes. After the seed has dried thoroughly, it can be planted immediately.

Detailed instructions for soaking seeds

If the above methods are not to your liking, you can turn to an alternative. In this case, it is recommended to use plates or wide saucers. The water used or a special biological solution must be prepared in advance. The easiest way is soaking with ordinary gauze. One half of the matter is placed on a plate, the seed is carefully laid out in one layer on top. The second half of the gauze is covered with seeds and poured with liquid.

Important! The most favorable temperature of the liquid used is +35 degrees. The volume of liquid depends on the amount of seed, the ratio is approximately 1:1. If after some time the fluid darkens or becomes cloudy, it should be replaced. Repeat manipulations until the liquid remains clear.

First bean shoots

Actually, that's all. Soaking seed does not require special skills or experience; even a novice summer resident can cope with the task. It is recommended to keep the container with soaked seeds in a dark and warm place, the ambient temperature should not fall below +20 degrees. To achieve the desired effect in the shortest possible time, the containers should be covered with glass or use an ordinary plastic bag to create a greenhouse effect. It takes about a day for the seeds to swell.

What are the seeds soaked in for quick germination

Many agronomists are constantly looking for a special solution that stimulates the process of seed germination. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the water used. It is recommended to use melted or rain water, settled tap water. To achieve the desired result in the shortest possible time, summer residents use biologically active components. Biostimulants are absolutely harmless, effective. Such combinations of substances not only stimulate the growth of seed, but also strengthen it, allowing you to grow a strong and healthy crop.

Perhaps one of the most common dietary supplements is Epin. The unique combination of substances stimulates the protective functions of legume seeds against adverse environmental factors. In addition, the “stress resistance” of seeds against fungal, infectious and viral diseases is increased.

Important! To disinfect the planting material, they resort to heat treatment, use a solution of manganese, hydrogen peroxide or boric acid. If there are mechanical damages on the surface of the seeds, then when disinfected with chemicals, their germination will decrease significantly.

Legumes are a unique combination of useful properties and excellent taste. In care, they are unpretentious, but nevertheless, in the process of their growth and development, they require compliance with the rules of agricultural technology. The preparation of planting material is the beginning and most important aspect, so it should be taken with all responsibility. In addition to germinating seeds, it is worth paying attention to their disinfection, this will reduce the likelihood of developing various diseases.

Beans are an excellent crop, which is distinguished by the content of a large number of useful microelements, proteins and a pleasant taste that gives a feeling of satiety. Like any other vegetable crop, beans in the process of their growth need timely and proper care, proper planting. Today we will talk about how to do this in the open field, as well as when to plant bean seeds.

Beans are an annual vegetable crop that is fairly cold tolerant. Over the past few years, varieties that are unpretentious to growing conditions have been bred, which perfectly tolerate wintering even in the northern regions of Russia. However, beans require a certain set of measures to care for them and a strict work schedule on the site.

Beans do not require much attention from the grower

Planting a plant in open ground

As when planting any other vegetable crop, you must first carefully select a site suitable for planting young seedlings.

Beans are very fond of slightly acidic, and even more neutral and alkaline soil. They are able to survive even on depleted soil, but the harvest will turn out to be meager.

Advice. You should not choose one that contains cold or too wet soil as a site for sowing beans, as bean seeds can simply rot in it due to their "giant" size compared to most vegetable crops.

In autumn, long before planting legume seeds, the soil should traditionally be dug up. Sowing seeds is carried out in late autumn - approximately in early November. If winters are frosty in your area, then frost-resistant varieties should be preferred. The planting pattern will vary depending on the height of the adult plant of the selected variety. So, the seeds of dwarf varieties of beans must be planted according to the scheme 20x20 cm. The seeds of a taller variety of beans are planted more compactly - at a distance of about 10 cm from each other, the row spacing should be at least 40 cm.

Seeds are planted to a depth of about 7 cm. If you live in a rather cold region, then in winter it is better for you not to plant bean seeds, but to germinate seedlings in greenhouse conditions in small pots (plant seeds approximately at the end of December). And the grown seedlings should be planted in open ground no earlier than March.

When planting seedlings in open ground, fertilizers do not need to be applied, the beans will have enough of those nutrients that remained in the soil after the predecessor crop.

legume growth

If seedlings are planted in the spring, then a couple of weeks before sowing, the soil must be fertilized with a complex of mineral fertilizers at the rate of 70-90 g per 1 square meter.

Beans are a very “tenacious” and fast-growing crop: even at a temperature of about 5 degrees plus, young seedlings actively grow.

Seedling care

After the culture has overwintered, the soil should be generously fed with a solution of mullein and: for 20 liters of water we use 0.5 liters of mullein and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of urea. We fertilize the crop at the rate of 0.5 liters of ready-made fertilizer per plant.

The aisles must be periodically loosened well - this will create an excellent air regime in the soil and close up the fertilizer.

Advice. In order to accelerate the growth of the crop, and, accordingly, the onset of the ripening period of the vegetable, it is necessary to feed the crop with high-quality nitrogen fertilizer in the initial period of development.

Periodically weed the plants. It is necessary to stop this action immediately after the leaves of plants of neighboring rows close.

If you planted a tall variety of beans, then during the period of active development they will need support in the form of trellises. To do this, you can use wooden pegs about 1 m high. Stick them firmly into the ground at the edges of each row and pull the twine.

Beans do not need much moisture, but if the drought is too severe or the temperatures are very high, the plant should be watered abundantly. Also, the beans will need generous watering during flowering and active fruiting.

Disease and pest control

Beans are a crop that is not particularly susceptible to various diseases and pest attacks. The most common diseases of legumes include the following:

Black bean aphid. Most often appears in the summer (usually in early June). These insects begin to actively feed on young plant tops. It is necessary to carefully remove all the tops of plants about 15 cm long - this will prevent the rapid spread of aphids. In addition, the treatment of the plant with karbofos will not harm (it is advisable to do this in the evening so as not to harm the bees).

black bean aphid

Sprout fly. A small insect pest with a gray body up to 5 mm long. It lays eggs in the soil near the plant, and the hatched larvae eat the roots of the plant. It is not difficult to fight this pest, it is enough just to remove all the weeds growing on the beds with beans in time, and carefully close up the applied fertilizers, since they can attract the pest.
Chocolate spot. It manifests itself in the form of dark brown spots that form on the leaves and stems of beans. It does not pose a particular threat to the plant, so chemical treatment can be dispensed with, but all damaged plants should be removed immediately.

Harvesting

Harvesting beans begins in summer and ends with the arrival of autumn. After the end of the harvesting process, the aerial part of the plants is removed, and the roots are buried in the ground. Beans are best harvested before they become tough and stringy. Even unripe bean fruits are quite suitable for food.

Advice. In boiled form, it is better to eat young (even unripe) beans, but fully ripened seeds, which have already become hard, are more suitable for making soups.

Even the roots of the plant can be put to good use: bean roots make great compost.

Our material has come to an end. Thanks to him, you learned about the features of growing beans in the open field and caring for them. We wish you a rich harvest!

How to grow beans: video

Beans belong to the group of leguminous plants. They have been known on the territory of Russia for a long time, but recently they have begun to be undeservedly forgotten. They are a hardy plant that can be eaten.

According to their characteristics, beans are useful products, as they contain a large amount of protein, microorganisms and vitamin.

They have a good taste, and dishes well prepared from them can quickly saturate the body.

Beans: care and planting in the open field

The plant has another advantage, they fertilize the soil well. Therefore, many summer residents grow them, so that they can then fertilize the beds with them. This plant does not harm other crops. All vegetables can coexist with them on the same bed, except for onions and garlic. Plants are not whimsical and do not require special care during the growing process. This article will discuss how legumes grow in open ground.

Description of beans

They are annual plants. The stem is straight with a slight thickening. The height of the shoot can reach 120 cm. The leaves are green. The root system of beans is very powerful. It can go deep into the earth up to 1.5 m. Flowers brush-shaped, consisting of white, with black spots, flowers. The flowers open in the afternoon and their color is mesmerizing. Ripe fruits are placed in a pod. The length of the pod is about 30 cm. One pod can contain from two to more seeds. Seeds can be of various colors. The color of the seed determines the variety of the bean. They can be yellow, green, brown or even black.

Plants withstand frost well, as they are cold-resistant plants. Seeds can sprout even at a temperature of +3 °C. Established plants can withstand temperatures as low as -3°C. Growth activity begins if the ambient temperature reaches +19–22 °C.

Variety of bean varieties

Beans are classified according to the size of the fruits (seeds). These can be varieties with small, medium or large fruits.

On a regional basis, plants are divided into northern and Western European varieties. Northern varieties are grown in temperate climates, while Western European varieties have proven themselves in hot climates.

According to their taste, yield and other characteristics, beans are divided into the following varieties:

russian black. It belongs to cold-resistant varieties, and can germinate in the northern latitudes of Russia. One of the hardy and popular varieties. The height of the bush reaches 60 cm. The flowers are white with black spots. Ripe beans are curved. In a ripe fruit, the pod valves do not open;
Belarusian. Belongs to medium-ripening varieties. The height of the stems reaches one meter. Flowers spotted white. The shape of the fruit is straight. In a mature pod, the pod flaps open. The seeds are light brown in color. They usually germinate in Belarus, Ukraine and Latvia;
windsor green and white. They also belong to medium-ripening varieties. The height of the bush reaches one meter. The fruit has an elliptical shape. The pod is green in color and has a fleshy body. When ripe, the valves of the pod open;
Virov's. The plant is classified as a mid-early variety. The bush is straight, one meter high. The flowers are big. The pod is curved. Milky seeds.

Growing features

Since the beans are cold-resistant varieties and are not afraid of frost, they are planted in early spring. Comfortable temperature during cultivation should be within 22 degrees Celsius. At high temperatures, flowers begin to fall off and barren flowers appear en masse. Plants love moisture, especially during flowering. They do not tolerate drought very well.

Choosing a bed for planting beans

The best beds for planting beans are those that are well lit by sunlight. It is desirable to select a loamy slightly acidic soil, but neutral soil may also be suitable. For growing beans, you should choose soil that is in a moist state for a longer time. These can be various lowlands or gaps between rows of other plants. In unheated and wet soil, the beans simply die. In such soil, the seeds simply rot. Beans can be planted in beds that previously sprouted vegetable crops such as potatoes, cabbage, and cucumbers.

Planting beans in open ground

soil preparation to planting seeds. The soil begins to be prepared in the fall. In the autumn it is carefully dug up. Given that the beans have a powerful and branched root system, the loosening depth is set at least one bayonet. Organic fertilizers should be applied before digging. In autumn, it is recommended to make compost or manure. Fertilizer should be applied with the calculation of 3-4 kg / m2. In order to somewhat reduce the acidity of the soil, it should be enriched with phosphate fertilizers, it is best to add ash.

In early spring, when the snow has risen and the soil is somewhat dry, it should be dug up again and potassium salt (20 g / m2) and superphosphate (10–20 g / m2) should be added.

When planting, the seeds are deepened into the ground by 5–7 cm. The distance between individual bushes is kept within 10–15 cm. After planting, the beds must be watered. To save space in the garden, beans can be planted between rows of other plants. In this case, it is recommended to make the aisles somewhat lower so that moisture accumulates there longer.

plant care

Beans are fairly easy to care for. You just need to water, loosen and hill up in time. Particular attention should be paid to weeding, especially in the initial stage. The rapid development of weeds can lead to a halt in growth. It is better not to weed the weeds, but to pull them out by the roots. Beans are capable of killing weeds themselves, but this only happens when they are well established and strong. During this period, weeding is no longer as relevant as at the beginning of growth.

When the bush reaches a height of 50 cm, the beans spud. For the entire period from planting to fruit ripening, the beans are spudded 2 to 3 times. Hilling is necessary so that the stems are more stable and can withstand wind loads.

When carrying out loosening, fertilizers are applied to the soil, such as superphosphate (10 g / m2), ammonium nitrate and potassium salt (5 g / m2 each).

Beans are a moisture-loving plant, so they should be watered regularly. Especially abundantly should be watered during the ejection of color. But we should not forget that excess moisture and its stagnation leads to decay of the root system and a sharp decrease in yield.

One of the methods of dealing with aphids is pinching. The tops of stems about 10–15 cm long are pinched. Pinching promotes uniform fruit development. At some varieties of beans the stem reaches a meter height. So that it does not break, the bushes should be tied up. Usually, wooden pegs are used for garters, which are driven into the ground next to the bush. If there are a lot of bushes, then you can build a special "trellis". To do this, wooden or metal racks are clogged at the ends of the row, and twine or nylon rope is pulled between them.

Bushes are tied directly to a rope or twine.

Harvest Cathedral

Usually harvested several times. The first time the crop is harvested at the beginning of summer, when the beans are not yet fully ripe. Such fruits are eaten fresh, therefore they are harvested while still green. Milky green grains can be harvested about two weeks after the first flowers appear. The fruits begin to ripen from the bottom of the bush, so the harvest should start from the bottom.

Green juicy fruits are usually used in salads. Ripe beans are used for soups. The subsequent collection of seeds is carried out when the fruit valves begin to open. Such ripened fruits can be stored for a long time. Store the beans in a dry place away from heating appliances.

Rules for sowing legumes in spring

How to sow peas

The soil has been prepared since autumn: it is dug up to a depth of 30 cm, applying fertilizers (20 grams of potassium salt, 40 grams of superphosphate and 6 kg of compost, per square meter). In spring, the soil is additionally fed with ash or rotted manure.

It is better to grow peas in areas where cabbage, tomatoes, pumpkin, or early potatoes used to grow. Almost all soils are suitable for culture, except for acidic ones. Pea is a sun-loving plant, it bears fruit well in unshaded areas.
Seeds are soaked for a day in water before planting (ice should not be used, preferably at room temperature), changing it after three hours. It is also advised to treat the seeds with growth stimulants (Benefit, Megafol, soak for 2 hours).
Peas are planted in furrows made with a depth of 3-4 centimeters. Between plants leave a distance of 5-6 centimeters, between rows - 15-20.
Peas need abundant watering, loosening the soil, especially after rain, periodic fertilization (sprinkling with ash once a week).

Varieties of peas for sowing in May:

early - Gribovsky, Vega, Alpha;
mid-early - Avola;
mid-season - Adagumsky, Viola;
later - Voskhod, Troika.

How to plant beans in spring

Light loamy soils are ideal for beans. Before planting, the soil is fertilized by adding 40 grams of potassium salt and superphosphate per square meter, as well as 10 kg of organic top dressing (humus, compost, rotted straw). In the spring, digging up the soil, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to it (50 grams per square meter).

To comply with crop rotation, beans should be planted where cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage were grown. Not suitable for planting beds used for peanuts, peas, lentils, beans.
Seeds are soaked in warm water for a day before planting.
Beans are sown in late April - early May to a depth of 5 centimeters. The distance between plants should be up to 30 cm, between rows - up to 50.
Beans need periodic watering, weed control, pest protection. It is recommended to mulch the soil with straw, pebbles or stone.

Varieties of beans for sowing in May:

mid-early - Russian blacks;
mid-season - Belarusian, Windsor green and white.

Technology for sowing beans in spring

The soil is prepared and fertilized in the same way as for bean crops.

Before planting, the beans are left in a damp cloth for a couple of days or soaked so that the sprouts hatch.
Sowing dates are the second or third decade of May and the beginning of June, when the soil warms up enough.
The distance between plants should be up to 15 cm, between rows - up to 20-45 centimeters, embedment depth - up to 4 cm. Beans are also planted in a nested way: throwing 3-4 seeds into each hole (nest).

Varieties of beans for sowing in May: