Armament
Artillery according to the project
- 2 x 1 102 mm AU;
- 2 x 1 45 mm semi-automatic 21K;
- 2 x 1 12.7 mm DShK machine guns.
Mine-anti-submarine weapons
- 2 bomb releasers for GB, 20 depth charges;
- 31 mine arr. 1926 (in overload).
Same type ships
Border patrol ship SKR-29 "Brilliant"- the second ship in a series of four units built at shipyard No. 190 in Leningrad for the naval units of the border guard of the NKVD troops. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, it was transferred to the Northern Fleet of the USSR Navy. He died while guarding convoy VD-1 in September 1944 as a result of an attack by the German submarine U-957.
Construction
The ship was laid down on October 19, 1934 at plant No. 190 in Leningrad (serial number S-484), launched on November 5, 1935, the certificate of acceptance of the ship by the customer was signed on December 18, 1936.
Combat service
The ship entered service on June 6, 1937 and, as a PSKR, became part of the 1st SOPS MPO NKVD Murmansk PA. On June 23, 1941, the detachment became part of the Northern Fleet.
During the period from August 26 to December 30, 1941, the SKR-29 “Brilliant” was on combat patrol for 91 days.
In May 1942, the SKR-29 "Brilliant", together with the ships "Rubin", "Breeze", "Iceberg", as well as the destroyers of the Northern Fleet, received the allied convoy R-16 in the North Cape area and escorted it to Arkhangelsk.
First death
On May 12, 1942, three Ju-88 bombed the Jokanga naval base, the bombs exploded near the side of the TFR, and several holes appeared in it, the superstructures caught fire, but the fire was soon extinguished. While the TFR was being towed to the shore, depth charges exploded on it and the ship sank. 13 people were killed and 46 were injured.
Lifting, repair and commissioning
The operation to raise the TFR by the emergency rescue service of the Northern Fleet began on September 12, 1942, the work was headed by Lieutenant Commander L.K. Birger is the head of the technical department of the Yokanga base. On September 25, 1942, the Diamond was raised and put to drying.
From March 1943 to June 1944, it underwent a major overhaul in Molotovsk at plant No. 402 and went back into operation on June 20, 1944.
Last Stand
On the night of September 23, 1944, the ship was guarding the VD-1 convoy, which was heading to the island. Dixon. Sank in the Kara Sea (w = 76° 10 ; d = 87°45) as a result of a torpedo attack by the German submarine U-957.
Ship commanders
- From 1939 (1938?) to 1940 - Lieutenant Commander B.I. Chernyshev (B.G. Chernyshev?)
- WITH? to May 1942 - ? A.A. Kosmenyuk
- Since August 24, 1943 - senior lieutenant M.B. Makhonkov
Perpetuation of memory
On September 23, 1943, the assistant commander for political affairs of the patrol ship SKR-29 "Brilliant", senior political instructor Pavel Vasilievich Ponomarenko, who heroically died along with the ship during an enemy air raid on the Yokanga naval base on May 12, 1942, was forever included in the list of personnel of the Yokanga naval base.
By a joint order of the chief of troops of the North-Western Border District and the commander of the Red Banner Northern Fleet, the commander of the Northern Fleet dated June 26, 1966, the place of death of the SKR-29 "Brilliant" (68 o 45 "north latitude, 42 o 55" west longitude) was declared the coordinates of military glory.
Ship in art
In 1985, at the Mosfilm film studio, director Rudolf Fruntov, based on a script by Alexei German and Svetlana Karmalita, filmed the film “Once Upon a Brave Captain,” in which the ships SKR-29 “Memory of Ruslan” and SKR-30 “Beast” appear, the prototypes of which The patrol ships “Brilliant” and “Sapphire” took their turn.
A scarlet wreath of artificial flowers swings on a raft on a sharp leaden-blue swell. In the autumn season, you can no longer find real flowers in these harsh regions... 76°09’02 "north latitude,...
A scarlet wreath of artificial flowers swings on a raft on a sharp leaden-blue swell. In the autumn season, you can no longer find real flowers in these harsh regions... 76°09’02″ north latitude, 87°47′ east longitude – “glory coordinates”. Passing this point in space, each ship flying the Russian flag is obliged to stop its progress, line up the crew on the quarterdeck, lay a wreath on the water and lower the flag to the middle of the topmast - in memory of the sailors who have been resting under these waves for the eighth decade...
In the fall of '44, a modest border guard with tail number 29, "Diamond", heroically died here in a battle with the enemy.
“Wreath of Glory” on the waters of the Arctic.
The lines of the technical form, yellowed with time, are strict and brief: “The border patrol ship SKR-29 “Brilliant”, built according to the design of a basic minesweeper, is the second ship in a series of four units built at shipyard No. 190 in Leningrad for the naval units of the border guard of the NKVD troops . Laid down on October 19, 1934, launched on November 15, 1935, accepted into active service on December 18, 1936. On June 6, 1937, as a PSKR, he became part of the 1st patrol detachment of the Border Guard of the NKVD maritime border detachment in Murmansk. The ship's commander is Lieutenant Commander B. Chernyshev...
From the memoirs of retired captain 1st rank B.I. Chernyshev:
I took Diamond in January 1938. It was built by our wonderful Komsomol members, and it was listed as a youth ship... It was a well-armed, high-speed ship of the BTShch type for that time. An elevated forecastle, providing good seaworthiness for the modest size of the ship, a flat poop, spreading low over the water. On the forecastle there is a gun with a long barrel - a universal rapid-fire “weaving”, in addition, three 37-mm machine guns and six machine guns... Not enough, it seems? But it’s quite enough for the border service; after all, we can’t fight battleships if anything happens. Navigation equipment was modern for those years: a gyrocompass, the latest radio direction finder, an electrolag. Electric steering... Wonderful ship!
SKR-29 "Diamond" at the pier in Yokanga.
The first war for the Diamond, manned by a Komsomol crew, was the Finnish one. The tasks of the patrol ship are to escort transport convoys along sea communications, anti-submarine and air defense of naval formations, patrolling territorial waters... Thanks to the shallow draft of the minesweeper, the Diamond even took part in the landing operation in Liinakhamari. He came almost close to the shore, took a position between two treacherous rocky shoals - where larger ships could not turn - and with artillery fire cleared a bridgehead from the enemy for the landing of marines...
At full speed - to the shore occupied by the enemy...
The Diamond was almost the first of the entire fleet to enter the battle with the Nazi Air Force. On May 30, 1941, the patrolman carried out routine border guard duty in the area of Orloak Bay. The sea was deserted, low cumulus clouds were spreading over the horizon, a thunderstorm was gathering... At 20:25, an observer on the bridge of the Diamond noticed a winged shadow falling out of a thick thundercloud ahead of them... An airplane! The pilot did not respond to signals that his course was violating the state border, and without hesitation, he invaded the airspace of the USSR. Combat instructions order in such cases to fire a warning shot - and “Brilliant” unsheathed its anti-aircraft guns...
And the plane, carefully turning around... went into a dive. And the ringing shot of a machine gun burst splashed across the superstructures! There's no time for warnings! Having transmitted a message to the base about a provocative attack, the Diamond opened defensive anti-aircraft fire. He didn’t shoot down the German, but he forced him to turn away from the combat course.
That day, during a combat patrol, the patrolman was subjected to attempted demonstrative air attacks twice more. Fortunately, there were no casualties in the crew. The reader could probably ask the question why the malicious air gunner was not simply destroyed... But war had not yet been declared, the Non-Aggression Pact was in force between the USSR and Germany, and the maritime border guards were restrained by a strict order not to succumb to provocations. To shoot down someone else's plane, even over your own territorial waters, is obviously to run the risk of acting as the instigator of hostilities that were not previously included in the plans of the Supreme Command.
The patrol aircraft "Groza", which also patrolled the state border in May 1941.
The morning of June 22, 1941 met the Diamond in its home port. At 3:50 a.m. the combat alarm sounded: hiding behind a foggy haze, a wave of German bombers was heading towards the city...
In the Baltic there was a “bad weather division”, in the North there was a division of “gem” border guards. PSK-27 "Pearl", PSK-28 "Ruby", PSK-29 "Diamond" and PSK-30 "Sapphire".
Built in the early 30s, they became a threat to trespassers and poachers.
June 23, 1941 1st northern detachment of border vessels of the NKVD of the USSR, consisting of PSK “Zhemchug”, “Rubin”, “Brilliant”, “Sapphire”, “Iceberg”, “Neptune”, “Breeze”, a division of patrol boats and small hunters became part of the White Sea Flotilla of the Northern Fleet.
On the morning of July 18, the ships “Brilliant”, “Iceberg” and “Smerch” came out to support our ground forces defending the Sredniy and Rybachy peninsulas from German mountain rangers attacking from the Petsamo area. The logs on the combat “floating batteries” counted down the miles on the way to Motovsky Bay.
Already the first shells covered one of the large groups of the 19th German Mountain Rifle Corps. The commander of the Diamond, Kosmenyuk, reported to the base: “We are firing artillery from all the ship’s guns at enemy positions, a distance of twenty cables. We are seeing good sighting and coverage of the enemy’s trenches and dugouts.”
For six hours, the naval guns intensively harassed the enemy's position and suppressed several of his artillery and mortar batteries. The attacks of the German mountain rangers, who tried to break through the Musta-Tunturi ridge of the Sredny Peninsula, were repelled. Units of the Red Army, supported by a landing of sailors, finally stopped the massive offensive of fascist German troops in the Murmansk direction.
Having completed the task, the ships began to depart. At this time, from behind the clouds, an ominous swarm of fascist bombers fell on the “Brilliant”, “Iceberg” and “Smerch”. More than forty Junkers.
"Smerch" and "Iceberg" managed to escape into a thick strip of fog. “Diamond” was not lucky enough to hide in the whitish haze...
Despite the hellish roar of the battle, the navigator of the SKR-29 does not forget to dispassionately record its progress in the logbook: “Attacked by enemy bombers. They dive three at a time at the front. They dropped several bombs. One bomb exploded at the bow 50 meters away, the second at 40 meters, the third at the stern at 70 meters, (...) due to the strong shaking, a leak formed in the drinking water lines. We are conducting hurricane fire from the DShK.”
In two hours, the Diamond successfully repelled eight attacks.
On July 12, when the Diamond, which was on patrol at Cape Svyatoy Nos, entered Iokanga to replenish food and ammunition, the base headquarters received a message: “SNiS coastal posts in the area of Savikhin Bay detected an enemy submarine.” The ship was immediately given the command to go to the declassified lair of the enemy submarine.
As a result of a mine attack, the submarine was destroyed. The Navy Military Council expressed gratitude to the PSK-29 crew.
On July 14, the patrol ships “Pearl” and “Brilliant” escorted our transports going from Arkhangelsk to the ports of the Kola Peninsula. And again the attack of the submarine, the "Pearl" came out to it, the boat was sunk, the transport workers were delivered.
On May 12, 1942, German aircraft attacked Iokang Bay. After an unequal battle, the surviving members of the Diamond's crew left the corbal. The Diamond itself sank.
It seemed that everything - the biography of "Diamond" was over, but 4 months later, divers of the Emergency Rescue Service raised it. "Brilliant" was towed to Arkhangelsk, "Brilliant" left the dock on its own and continued its service.
Piloting convoys, hunting for submarines, repelling air attacks - such was the service of border ships. "Brilliant" also performed this service.
On September 23, 1944, the SKR-29 "Brilliant" was part of the combat escort of a caravan, which consisted of the transports "Revolutionary" (flagship), "Komsomolsk", "Budeny", "Kingisepp" and the icebreaker "Northern Wind". What happened is unknown. According to the report of the commander of the SKR-23 "Rubin" B. Valinsky, the "Brilliant" sharply increased its speed, and then there was an explosion.
Based on this report, the fleet command decided that the commander of the Diamond, senior lieutenant M.S. Makhonkov, noticed the attack of the submarine and covered the Revolutionary with his ship. Whether this was true or not is unknown; none of the Diamond’s crew escaped.
During the war with Finland, the detachment’s personnel not only vigilantly guarded the border, but also, together with the ships of the Northern Fleet, carried out patrol duty, escorted transports with troops, military cargo and food, and participated in air defense. The sailors of the border boats "Rubin" and "Brilliant" were involved in the naval operation - the capture of the port of Liinakhamari. It was December 2, 1939, when the Red Army was advancing on Pechenga. For military distinction, a large group of Red Navy men were awarded orders and medals. Among the recipients are the commander of the PSK-28 “Rubin”, senior lieutenant A. D. Shevardnadze, the commander of the PSK-29 “Brilliant”, captain-lieutenant B. I. Chernyshev and others.
The “precious stones” division did not escort the transport fleet, but carried out targeted reinforced anti-submarine patrol.
The distance from Murmansk to Arkhangelsk is more than four hundred and fifty miles, so it could be assumed in advance that the enemy would try to block at least one section of the busy caravan road. And, indeed, the patrol ship "Rubin", which received the task of going on combat patrol to the line Cape Svyatoy Nos - Cape Kanin Nos, on June 27 took note of a radiogram sent from the base, which reported that an enemy submarine had been spotted in the Lumbovsky Islands area. Of course, it had to be found and destroyed.
SKR-28 headed at full speed towards the coordinates indicated in the radiogram. Signalmen, artillerymen and miners peered intently at the water surface, waiting every minute for the appearance of a periscope or a torpedo trail. Finally, when approaching the Lumbovsky Islands, observer Chegodar discovered a submarine periscope directly along the bow of the ship on the left.
The commander of SKR-28, Senior Lieutenant Shevardnadze, ordered the helmsman to turn to the periscope and give the vehicles full speed ahead. The miners, foreman of the second article Bidnik and the Red Navy man Tsilenko, began dropping depth charges at the site of the fascist submarine’s dive. A few moments pass, and suddenly, after the explosion of the fourth bomb, a large column of water shot up behind the stern: almost the ninth wave of water covered the entire aft deck of the Rubin - the German boat, without any doubt, was destroyed. As for the caravan of ships, their movement interval was not violated and, in the end, all transports safely reached Arkhangelsk.
...It was the fourth week of the war.
The ship "Rubin" under the command of the permanent captain of the third rank A.D. Shevardnadze was on patrol on a well-studied route: Cape Svyatoy Nos - Cape Kanin Nos. The sea patrol, it seemed, did not foretell imminent serious troubles, but then the same vigilant posts of the coastal SNiS spotted some kind of submarine lying in the area of the Lumbovsky Islands, drifting. It was again an enemy submarine - our submarines that day were far from the White Sea. The combat mission of the Rubin was formulated quite unambiguously: to search for and, having discovered an enemy submarine, destroy it.
The patrolman rushed to the indicated area. The ship's engines were working at maximum load: it seemed as if the water was parting with a roar in front of its stem. Arriving at the site of the fascist sea rookery, after a short search, the SKR-28 on the left side found the submarine in a cruising position. Turning around, "Rubin" boldly went to ram, although the enemy could have stopped it with accurate artillery fire. But the duel did not work out: the German submarine, having fired only two salvos from its guns, sank into the abyss at the signal of the howler's urgent dive. However, the depth in the area of the Lumbov Islands was insufficient for complex underwater maneuvers, and the submarine was unable to escape from the search ship. After the patrolman dropped depth charges, a lot of debris and objects surfaced, indicating that the Rubin had fully complied with the order, adding another German submarine to the combat account of the “gem” division.
The information is unreliable!
According to official information, none of the border ships took part in battles with enemy submarines and did not sink them. During the entire war in the North in 1943 and 1944, only 2 German boats were sunk and border ships had nothing to do with this.
On June 26, 2009, a significant event occurred among the maritime border guards - in St. Petersburg, at the Almaz shipbuilding company, a new generation border patrol ship "Rubin" (project 22460), built specifically for the Border Service of the FSB of Russia, was launched. On November 13 of the same year, its state tests were successfully completed and after the signing of the acceptance certificate, on May 12, 2010, the ship was accepted into the Black Sea-Azov Border Guard Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation.
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PSKR "Rubin" is designed to protect the state border, territorial waters, continental shelf, carry out emergency rescue operations, as well as environmental control and liquidation of the consequences of natural disasters. A ship of this class is capable of fighting terrorism and maritime piracy. Officially, it belongs to the border (patrol) patrol ships of the territorial sea of the second rank.
The high pace of ship construction (from September 2007 to November 2009) was ensured largely due to the high quality of technical documentation developed by the Severnoye PKB design organization, where the FORAN three-dimensional design system is widely used (actively used in surface combat ship projects since 1998 ). Until this time, there were no analogues to this new generation ship in Russia. One of the main features of the Rubin PSKR is the presence on board of a take-off and landing pad for a light helicopter, for which a hangar can be equipped. And all this was able to be placed on a ship with a displacement of less than 700 tons. On the Swedish corvette Visby of a similar displacement, which until recently was considered the smallest warship with a helicopter on board, there is no hangar - only a helipad.
Another important feature is the presence in the stern of an inclined slipway, on which a high-speed rigidly inflated boat can be installed, intended, for example, for quickly delivering an inspection party to an intruder vessel. Both a search helicopter and 2 boats on board significantly expand the capabilities of this relatively small ship.
The ships of this project have a high level of modernization resource, and the use of electronic 3D modeling technologies, starting from the earliest stages of design, ensured rational placement of mechanisms and systems in the hull and high maintainability. If we talk about the external appearance of the ship, its modern architecture is striking, corresponding to the “stealth” technology with a maximum reduction in visibility in all radiation ranges and a decrease in the levels of physical fields.
Taking into account the difficult climatic conditions of Russia in various regions, from Kamchatka to the Caspian and Baltic, the ship is designed in such a way that it can be operated even in broken ice up to 20 centimeters thick.
Armament consists of one six-barreled 30 mm AK-630 automatic artillery mount and two 12.7 mm machine guns. If necessary (for example, mobilization in wartime), the ship is equipped with Uran anti-ship missile launchers with a firing range of up to 130 km.
Sea trials showed the ship's good seaworthiness. It is equipped with some of the best main engines in its class from MTU (Germany). This, along with the optimal contours of the hull, allows the PSKR "Rubin" to maintain a fairly high speed for a long time - about 25 knots with seas up to 4-5 points. In calm water the ship reaches speeds of up to 30 knots. The ship's run from full speed to "stop" was about 250 meters, and the transition time from full forward to full reverse was only 90 seconds.
Controllability also fully meets customer requirements. The circulation diameter was 4.5 hull lengths at full speed, and the time for a full turn (360 degrees) using a thruster was no more than a minute. At low speeds (up to 5 knots), the ship is controlled using a “joystick” and allows you to stay at a given point, which is very important during inspection and rescue operations.
A very important advantage is the high level of automation. The modern TRIMS bridge system made it possible to bring the level of automation to class A1, which made it possible to reduce the number of crew members keeping a constant watch in the pilothouse to three. At the same time, all systems and mechanisms of the ship are controlled, which requires a high level of professionalism of each crew member.
PSKR "Rubin" has comfortable living conditions - there is even a sauna with a swimming pool. The entire crew is accommodated in comfortable block cabins. All cabins have modern ergonomic furniture, individual bathrooms with showers, round-the-clock provision of hot water and air conditioning. There is a video surveillance system that allows you to record any movements both inside the ship and conduct external surveillance, including the approach and landing of a helicopter.
The ships developed at the Northern Design Bureau have long been familiar to our maritime border guards. Back in 1983–1990, the naval units of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR included PSKR project 11351 (code “Nereus”), created to protect the 200-mile economic zone on the basis of the patrol ship of project 1135. Due to the abandonment of the anti-submarine missile system, it was possible to place a hangar with the permanent deployment of the Ka-27PS search and rescue helicopter. The ships turned out to be very successful: highly seaworthy, with strong weapons, capable of serving in almost any weather conditions. The new generation PSKR of Project 22460 will primarily protect the territorial waters of Russia.
The tradition of naming border ships “after” precious stones, which arose in our country at the beginning of the 20th century, was continued after the Great Patriotic War. Thus, in the mid-1970s, a series of ships of Project 1124P - “Emerald”, “Brilliant”, “Pearl”, “Ruby”, “Amethyst”, “Sapphire” - were built especially for the Marine units of the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR. When the question arose of what to name the new ship of the reviving border fleet, it was decided to continue the glorious tradition.
Since 2010, the Rubin PSKR has been serving in the Black Sea and took part in ensuring the security of the 2014 Olympics in Sochi. According to available data, the PS FSB of the Russian Federation plans to build up to 30 ships of this project. After the lead "Ruby", the PSKR "Brilliant" (summer 2012) and "Pearl" (autumn 2012) have already entered service, followed by "Emerald" and "Amethyst", and in the fall of 2014 the "Sapphire" was launched ", four more ships are being built, and orders have been placed for three new PSKRs.
Both the developers and builders of the ship are confident that Rubin and subsequent ships of Project 22460 will bear their glorious names with honor.
Project 22460 ship construction cycle
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Name |
Place of construction |
Factory number |
Pawned |
Launching |
Commissioned |
Place of duty |
State |
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"Ruby" |
Shipyard "Almaz" |
Black Sea |
In service |
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"Diamond" |
Shipyard "Almaz" |
Black Sea |
In service |
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"Pearl" |
Shipyard "Almaz" |
Black Sea |
In service |
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"Emerald" |
Shipyard "Almaz" |
Black Sea |
In service |
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"Sapphire" |
Eastern shipyard |
11.2015 (plan) |
Primorye |
Launched |
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"Amethyst" |
Shipyard "Almaz" |
Black Sea |
In service |
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Shipyard "Almaz" |
Construction underway |
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Shipyard "Almaz" |
Construction underway |
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Shipyard "Almaz" |
Construction underway |
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Shipyard "Almaz" |
12.2017 (plan) |
Order placed |
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Shipyard "Almaz" |
12.2018 (plan) |
Order placed |
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Shipyard "Almaz" |
12.2018 (plan) |
Order placed |
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"Coral" |
Eastern shipyard |
Primorye |
Construction is underway, there has been no official groundbreaking |
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Main characteristics |
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Standard displacement, t |
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Main dimensions, m: |
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Maximum length, m |
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Maximum width, m |
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Twin-shaft, diesel |
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Travel speed, knots: |
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Maximum |
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Cruising |
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Economic |
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Cruising range, miles/at speed, knots |
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Navigation autonomy, days. |
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Crew, people |
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Armament |
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Artillery |
1×6 30mm AU AK-630, 2×1 12.7 mm Kord machine gun |
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Missile weapons |
Spaces are provided for installation of the Uran anti-ship missile system |
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1 light helicopter (Ka-226 or Ansat) or UAV, folding deck hangar-shelter |
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