Anyone who wants to build a house or make repairs in an apartment initially calculates how much it will cost him. For complete clarity, it is necessary to draw up a list of necessary materials and work, as well as their cost. Based on this, it will be possible to find out how much money is needed. And also decide whether to involve builders or do everything yourself. Not everyone knows how to make an estimate, what positions to include in it and how to calculate everything correctly. Let's try to figure this out.

What is an estimate

An estimate is a document that systematizes all the costs of the upcoming construction or repair. This can be easily done on your own, without having specially designed programs.

How to make an estimate on your own? It is enough to have the Excel program on your computer. It is necessary to carry out the calculation of funds and materials very carefully in order to avoid errors and exceeding the planned costs. It should display everything to the smallest detail.

Common Mistakes

When drawing up estimates, many make mistakes, which then come out and provoke unforeseen waste:

• Calculations are carried out without a preliminary inspection of the object on which the work will be performed.
• Additional expenses that may arise in case of force majeure are not included.
• The full list of works and materials is not taken into account.

The main expense document for repairs or construction requires a serious approach and accurate calculations. Otherwise, you may get incorrect results.

What is needed for a competent budgeting

Before drawing up an estimated estimate for construction or repair, first of all, it is necessary to inspect the object. After that, a list of all ongoing work should be compiled.

How to draw up a budget? You need to know construction technology. Without this, it is impossible to correctly and correctly calculate and record all upcoming expenses. Therefore, we recommend that before making an estimate, study the sequence of the production cycle of work that needs to be evaluated. This will help to understand the need for ongoing operations and the need for building materials.

The main items of the estimate

Any construction estimate consists of three main positions:

• materials;
• Job;
• transport.

All other items (the cost of electricity, equipment operation, etc.) are added to them.

In the first position indicate the list of necessary materials for each cycle of work, unit of measurement, quantity and price. For example: brick, glue, plaster, cement, wallpaper, linoleum and others. This also includes "consumables" (brushes, rollers, gloves, etc.). Before making an estimate, find out the cost of materials directly in the store, or find on the Internet on sites specializing in the sale of building materials.

The second position includes a listing of all actions performed. Here it is necessary to take into account both preparatory and finishing work, their complexity and the conditions in which they are carried out. For example, you need to paste over the room with new wallpaper. To do this, you will need to carry out preparatory work: remove the old coating, clean the walls, prime them. The approximate cost of the necessary work can be found in the ads.

The position "transport" includes: delivery of materials, unloading, removal and removal of construction debris, indicating each item on a separate line. Information about the cost of these services is provided in the price lists of firms.

Drawing up an estimate for the repair of an apartment

How to draw up an estimate in order to carefully plan the repair work in the apartment, finish them in a short time with minimal costs? First you need to decide what kind of repair you will do: cosmetic or major. It depends on the amount of materials needed and the amount of work. If you decide to carry out a major overhaul, then the estimate should be divided into two parts:

• repair and finishing works;
• draft and finishing materials.

How to learn how to make an estimate to avoid mistakes? To do this, you should inspect all the premises of the apartment, measure the surface area of ​​walls, floors, window slopes, compile a list of finishing and draft materials, determine the cost and scope of work for each room separately.

Example

Here is an example of how to make an estimate for repairs. Prices and consumption of materials are fictitious.

Repair and finishing works:

Consumables and finishing materials:

Transport:

To get the preliminary results of the cost of repairing an apartment, you need to add up the total amounts from each column.

18819 + 7870 + 4000 = 30689 (rubles)

You should be aware that the final costs always come out more by 10-15%.

30689 + 15% = 35292.35 (rubles)

The principle of calculating construction costs is no different from estimates for repairs. Only production cycles and materials will change. How to make an estimate for construction with minimal costs? To do this, you need to carefully plan all the work, clarify what materials will be needed, find out the prices.

Drawing up an estimate is a very important stage from which you need to start any repair or construction. A properly drawn up document will help to carefully plan and rationally allocate costs - both material and money. The main thing is to take the calculations seriously and perform them as accurately as possible.

The construction of a house or building begins with the calculation and preparation of estimates, taking into account the materials used, the work performed and the cost of renting special equipment. That is why in construction it is customary to use an estimate that clearly displays the financial costs of the construction of a particular object. The estimate applies to all types of buildings. In this article, we will tell you what a home estimate is and how it can be calculated, as well as how much it costs to calculate an estimate.

The composition of the estimate for construction

An estimate for the construction of a house is the main document for specialists; without it, not a single developer company will carry out the construction of a building. The main financial costs fall on the purchase of building materials and additional elements to them. When calculating estimates, you should take into account such parameters as:

• scope of planned work;
• technology used;
• construction time;
• the number of specialists on the project;
• volume and terms of financing of the object.

These criteria will allow the customer to control the timing of the construction process, to check certain types of work. The main task that the estimate for building a house solves:

• adherence to a clear work schedule;
• the amount of funding during the period of work.

To perform calculations, the customer can submit applications to several companies at once, for this it is necessary to conclude an agreement for the preparation of the document. As a result, the estimate of the house compiled by different specialists will differ in the final cost, this is due to the fact that each company introduces its own suppliers of materials, specialists who perform the work. After reviewing several documents, you can compare and choose for yourself the most optimal option for money and without prejudice to the future design.

Be sure to include in the expense of minor or unforeseen expenses 15% of the total cost of the object. These may be transportation costs, payment for obtaining various certificates related to construction.

Acquisition of a land plot and settlements

Construction costs, as a rule, begin with the inclusion in the expenditure part of the document of the cost of the land. Land is acquired in several ways that do not contradict the law:

• purchase of land from the previous owner;
• redemption from state property;
• receive a land plot free of charge, subject to the availability of free land.

At the time of purchasing a land plot, be sure to draw up an agreement, this document will help you avoid fraudulent transactions and legally protect you. The contract must contain:

• subject of the contract: purpose of the site, its category and total area;
• the price of the plot agreed by the sellers to the buyer.
• When the transaction has already been completed, the state registration of the transfer of ownership is carried out. For this, the following documents are submitted to justice:
• application-registration;
• receipt of payment for registration of the site;
• purchase and sale agreement;
• passport and additional identity documents;
• cadastral plan.

The entire package of documents is adopted by the relevant body and the decision is made within the period established by law, which is one month.

For information! When performing several construction processes by different contractors, it is necessary to draw up estimates for construction work for each of their types.

The price of such a document can vary from $9 to $40. The calculation depends on the number of positions in the document. The term for compiling documentation is from 1 day, depending on the urgency.

How to make a budget

The calculation of future construction costs is a matter for specialists, but if you are confident in your abilities, you can make an estimate for construction yourself. The photo shows an example of an estimate for the construction of a frame house. The procedure for compiling the document:

• determine the amount of materials;
• find the necessary equipment;
• negotiate with construction experts.

When you already have an idea of ​​what the house will be built from, how it will look, in which part of the site it will stand, what materials will be used, it will not be difficult to calculate the final amount. It is worth noting that there are now a large number of construction forums on the Internet where you can download a blank estimate document form or draw it up yourself in the office program.

So, how to make an estimate for the construction of a wooden house? To prepare a cost estimate, you need:

• Decide on the sequence of actions, understand what work should be entrusted to construction organizations, and what can be done by yourself.
• The next - the calculation of the estimate, depends on the use of construction technologies. It consists in determining the volume of building materials and structures, their application.
• When all this data is already there, you can find a company providing construction services, get acquainted with the prices, find out the cost of materials and work.
• Next, the component takes all the values ​​​​obtained and transfers them to its table, where, in the context of each type of work or product, the totals will be summed up.
• When all the data is filled in the columns: name, cost of work, unit of measure, you can perform a general summation of the project. For convenience, you can put the final figure on the right side of the table, for this you need to set up the formula. Such a calculation can be performed for a structure of any material and project.

In a similar way, the amount of materials and the amount of work are calculated for all types of houses, regardless of what they are built from.

Calculation of costs for the foundation, roofing and finishing materials

The estimate for construction work must necessarily contain information about the foundation, roofing and finishing materials, these positions are the most expensive. In order to understand how to calculate the volume of material for the foundation of a house, you should multiply the perimeter, height and thickness of the foundation. As a result, we will get the volume and find out the cost of 1 cubic meter. m. of concrete and multiply it by the resulting value. It is very easy to calculate the roofing material; for this, you need to take the total roof area and the cost per 1 sq.m. from the project to the house. material, and then multiply them together. Calculating the cost of finishing is the most troublesome task, for this it will be necessary to multiply the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall by the cost of 1 sq.m. each type of product.

We suggest you watch the video, which shows how to calculate the estimate

Formation of estimates for construction and finishing works is a necessary part of the execution of the contract for the construction and repair of various kinds of objects.

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In what cases is a document drawn up

An estimate for construction and finishing works can be drawn up in addition to the contract both between legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, and between individuals.
Construction and repair facilities can also be very different:

• private houses and apartments;
• buildings and structures owned by commercial organizations or government agencies;
• separate rooms or whole complexes of buildings, etc.

What is the document for?

An estimate is a preliminary calculation of the cost of building materials and services.

This document is necessary so that the customer under the contract has a clear idea of ​​what repair and construction costs he will face.

In some estimates, in addition to scheduling the actual costs, the period of carrying out certain works is also included. After drawing up and endorsement, the document allows the customer to better control the work performed.

If we consider the role of the estimate from the point of view of accounting, then it is also quite obvious: it is on its basis that in most cases the cost of materials, construction and installation and repair work is written off.

More precisely, the write-off occurs after the signing by the customer and the contractor of the primary accounting document: the act of work performed, but the estimate confirms the accuracy of the cost of work and materials prescribed in it.
The more carefully and detailed the estimate is, the less likely it is that in the process of work between the customer and the contractor there will be any disagreements and controversial points.

Is it permissible to violate the figures indicated in the estimate

A feature of the document is the guarantee that the prices indicated in it will remain unchanged.

Since the estimate is usually preliminary, during the actual execution of the work (especially if they are of a long-term nature), some prices may change significantly.
Also, the amount of materials used may require adjustment.

Usually, such an opportunity is prescribed in the contract or the estimate itself (for example, that prices can be increased by 10%, etc.).

If there is no such item in the estimate, then all changes must be agreed between the customer and the contractor in the process of executing the contract, and if the customer does not mind, the estimate can be edited.

In situations where the customer does not agree to an increase in the cost of work declared in the estimate, the contractor has the right to refuse to fulfill the terms of the contract.

Who is authorized to deal with the budget

Usually, the responsibility for the formation of estimates lies with the head of the structural unit that is directly involved in the execution of work (foreman, head of workshop, site, etc.). In any case, this should be a person who knows the standards for the consumption of certain building materials, has an idea of ​​\u200b\u200btheir market value, and is also familiar with the rules for compiling such documents.

How to make a form

Today, a unified estimate form does not exist, therefore, representatives of enterprises and organizations can draw it up in any form or, if the executing company has a developed and approved standard template, follow its model. At the same time, regardless of which method is chosen, it is necessary that the structure of the document complies with certain standards of office work, and the text includes a number of specific information.

The "header" includes standard:

• number, place, date of preparation of the form;
• information about organizations between which a contract for construction and finishing works has been concluded;
• a link to the contract itself is given (its number and date of conclusion are indicated);
• positions, surnames, first names, patronymics of managers are entered.

• serial number;
• title of work;
• unit of measure of work (square meters, kilograms, pieces, etc.);
• price per unit of measure;
• total cost.

If necessary, you can add additional columns (for example, on the quantity and cost of materials used, information about the instruments, equipment, and technology used). The length of the table depends on how much work is planned to be done. For convenience, the table can be divided into sections depending on the type of work (plumbing, painting, carpentry, installation, etc.).

Under the table, a note should be made on whether the prices are final or can be adjusted during the work.

How to make an estimate

Important condition! It must be signed by the directors of two enterprises: the customer and the contractor (or persons authorized to act on their behalf), while the signatures must be only "live" - ​​the use of facsimile versions is not expected.

The estimate can be certified using the seals of organizations, but only on condition that the use of stamp products is registered in their internal local regulations.

The estimate is made in two copies identical in text and equivalent in law, one for each of the interested parties. After drawing up and endorsement by both parties, the estimate becomes an integral part of the contract, so its presence should be recorded in the internal documentation log.

A construction estimate is required, which will take into account all the costs of the work of builders and materials.

How to make an estimate for repairs with your own hands?

To begin with, it is necessary to evaluate and record the volume of construction work - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe floor and ceiling (they differ), the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwall covering, the length of products calculated in linear meters (cornices, skirting boards), as well as piece work - replacing windows and doors.

Where to get sizes?

Measure personally! Seven times each name. A tape measure and a calculator (to immediately calculate the area) are best friends.

Where to get rates?

Google - there are enough price lists on the sites. Take for your estimate some average cost. The cost of all works is estimated per unit of measurement - m 2 , pgm, piece work, garbage disposal in m 3 .

How to count the amount of building materials?

The calculation of estimates for those who make repairs on their own comes down to the usual calculation of the required amount of materials.

There are two dangers. Buy a little, and then not find the right one. Buy with a large margin and overpay heavily.

To avoid such scenarios, we apply a simple rule:

• we calculate the consumption of a unit of each material per unit of length or area (a roll of wallpaper or a can of paint per 1 m 2), or the size of a unit of the material itself (the area of ​​one sheet of drywall, porcelain stoneware, etc.)
• we multiply the consumption by the data of our measurements - the total area, length or number.
• add ~ 10-30%, depending on the material.

What kind of work should be included in the estimate for the repair of an apartment?

• Preparatory stage
• Rough work
• Related works
• fine finish
• Purchase of materials
• Garbage removal

For each stage you will get a separate mini-estimate.

Do you need a budgeting software?

Special programs are not needed. Enough MS Excel and basic knowledge. 1st column - type of work, 2nd - units of measurement, 3rd - cost and 4th - total (multiply 2 and 3 columns).
You can place each repair stage on different document tabs.

This is just the simplest option. With certain skills, you have where to turn around - the possibilities of Excel are inexhaustible!

Estimate for the preparatory stage of the repair

The estimate always includes demolition work. They include:

• dismantling of floor coverings - linoleum, carpet, tiles,
• cleaning the ceiling from whitewash and paint,
• cleaning of wallpaper and dismantling of plaster (all in square meters),
• remove the plinth (in linear meters),
• piece by piece dismantling of door blocks,
• all electric points (chandeliers, sconces),
• all plumbing points - toilets, sinks, heated towel rails, bathtubs and faucets.

The dismantling of walls is recorded in a separate column. Bearing walls cannot be demolished, but in special cases openings can be moved into them. Most often, moving an opening in a load-bearing wall costs 3-4 times more than dismantling an entire partition. Please note that such a process must be approved by the housing inspection and requires special equipment.

You can save at this stage if you are able to do some of the listed actions yourself.

Estimate for draft work

At the stage of rough work in the repair, there is a lot of hidden work, for example, preparing surfaces for fine finishing.

What works will be included in the estimate:

• For ceilings - cleaning from nabel, sealing seams, leveling (plaster), putty and primer.
• For walls - leveling with plaster, putty and primer.
• For the floor - a screed device, in wet rooms a waterproofing device, when installing a warm floor, laying out the cable, installing sensors and connecting to the mains

An additional type of work is the connection of electricians and plumbing.

The budget should also take into account:

• scraping walls for electrical outlets,
• laying cables in the corrugation,
• laying of water pipes,
• laying sewer pipes.

Estimate for related work

Usually organized by specialized companies.

What activities need to be taken into account when budgeting?

• installation of telephone, internet and TV cables, intercom,
• installation of air conditioners,
• kitchen assembly,
• replacement of windows, includes the installation of slopes and window sills.

The Internet is most often now laid free of charge, the main thing is that there is a provider in the house. And the rest - you should contact the organization in advance for calculations - calling measurers is now also mostly free!

Drawing up a budget for cleaning

After marking the preparatory work, they proceed to the calculation of the cost of finishing the premises.

What works can be included in the estimate?

• ceiling - painting (before finishing the walls);
• installation of stretch and rack ceilings;
• walls - painting, plastering, wallpapering, tiling;
• floor - laying ceramic tiles, parquet, laminate, linoleum, carpet, parquet;
• molded products - cornices, moldings, plinth
• plumbing installation;
• installation of electrical outlets (sockets, switches);
• installation of heating radiators;
• door installation;
• installation and installation of chandeliers and lamps.

The assembly of furniture and built-in wardrobes can also be taken into account in the estimate. But, you can skip it for now, as many furniture manufacturers do free assembly or include its cost in the total bill when ordering furniture.

Purchase of materials

If you hire a foreman, the purchase of materials is also included in the estimate. Most often, the purchase and delivery to the site costs approximately 20% of the price of materials.

But if you buy everything yourself, then it can only be a car rental. There are options with free shipping if you order materials through online stores with a certain order quantity.

Waste removal on a budget

Construction waste removal is included in the estimate after each subsection. It is desirable after dismantling, roughing and finishing work.

Please note that ordering a car, collecting garbage in bags, cleaning the premises can also be included in the estimate as hidden work. Even the most solid builders will not do it for free.

For garbage disposal, containers with a volume of up to 8 m 3 and a load capacity of up to 5 tons are rented more often than others.

And again - if you collect everything yourself and can take it out - then all that remains is to order a container. And if there is a place to store garbage, then you can get by with its one-time export.

• Immediately draw up a plan of the apartment with dimensions. It will help you with the calculation of consumables.
• Calculate separately each amount of work - the area of ​​​​walls, floors and ceilings, the length of molded products for all repaired premises.
• Determine whether it is necessary to change engineering communications (pipes, electrics).
• Count the number of sockets, switches, faucets and related fittings, as well as such trifles as screws and self-tapping screws.
• Determine who will be involved in the purchase of materials, delivery and lifting to the floor, as well as the removal of construction debris.
• Distribute the entire scope of work separately to the premises, so it is easier to control the process.

Be prepared for the fact that it is impossible to accurately calculate the time and cost of repairs on your own, without any experience.
This doesn't mean you shouldn't try.

A huge help for an accurate calculation of the estimate is the design project of the premises. The probability of an error is practically excluded, unless you want to do something differently than it is calculated in the project. But the designer is a separate expense item. Do you need it, it's up to you!

Before any expenses are incurred, they are almost always planned. In fact, the determination of approximate amounts directed to certain cost items is the preparation of an estimate of future expenses. Moreover, this may concern both the solution of everyday issues in human life, and, to an even greater extent, the activities of enterprises and organizations. Almost everyone is involved in cost planning in one form or another.

Determining the cost estimate

The cost estimate is usually understood as the calculation of all the costs necessary to carry out the planned work, release the product, implement activities related to the achievement of the intended goals of the organization and other similar situations. Sometimes the drafting of a document is done on a voluntary basis. However, quite often the development of cost estimates, as well as its subsequent approval and approval, are a requirement of Russian legislation. For example, drawing up a balance of expenses and income (which is a kind of cost estimate) is one of the prerequisites for the work of any non-profit organization. Considering that their number is quite large, it becomes clear why so much attention is paid to the issue of how to make a cost estimate correctly and as accurately as possible.

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) include:

• educational (university, kindergarten or school), cultural (museum, national park or exhibition) medical (polyclinic, dental center, etc.) public and private institutions;
• HOA, housing construction and consumer cooperatives;
• organizations for the protection of the rights of citizens;
• bodies of local and state administration;
• charitable foundations and organizations;
• religious associations;
• subdivisions of the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

For all of the above organizations, it is necessary to draw up an annual cost and income estimate, as well as a final document containing information on its implementation. Particularly stringent requirements are imposed on state public institutions that are partially or fully funded from the budget. In this case, the entire procedure for drawing up is clearly prescribed, starting from the timing of the development of the document in question and ending with the requirements for its approval and approval.

Scope of the cost estimate

Given the large number of non-profit organizations, examples of which were given above, it becomes clear the relevance of the issue of competent preparation of cost estimates and their subsequent implementation. In many ways, the quality of these processes determines the level and degree of control over the distribution of a significant part of the state budget. It is not surprising that those non-profit organizations are regulated and controlled in the most detail, in the financing of which there are budgetary funds to one degree or another.

At the same time, we should not forget that cost estimates are compiled not only where there is public funding. As an example, we can cite a situation that almost everyone had to face in real life. The level of costs for utility bills in houses that are managed by the HOA is determined, among other things, by drawing up an estimate of expenses for the next year, as well as analyzing the execution of the document developed in the past calendar period.

In this case, the cost estimate should not only be as accurate as possible, which is important for residents of the house who do not want to overpay, but also accessible and easy to check. It is no secret that some representatives of public utilities prefer to deliberately complicate the calculations performed - it is much easier to confuse payers and present them with larger than necessary amounts for payment.

An equally important area of ​​application of cost estimates is their preparation in commercial organizations, in particular, in industrial enterprises of any form of ownership. In this case, the purpose of issuing a document is usually the calculation of the cost of manufactured products, which is necessary to determine the selling price. Obviously, in today's market conditions, the importance of the competent implementation of this process is difficult to overestimate.

Cost Estimate Example

As noted above, the highest requirements for the preparation of cost estimates are imposed on budgetary institutions. Therefore, it would be quite logical to consider a specific example of such a nominal calculation, since the implementation of other options in most cases is much simpler.

As such a simple example, we can cite a variant of the completed estimate of expenses and income of a non-profit organization.

The document consists of two main parts. The first of them indicates the sources of income generation, and the second - the directions of their spending with a clear indication of the amounts by cost items and programs being implemented and distribution by quarters. As a result, after studying the estimate, a clear idea is created as the main parameters of the organization's activities for the planned calendar period.

As can be seen from the above example, the design, approval and approval of the document in question is carried out in an arbitrary form. The requirements for the preparation of an estimate of expenses and income by a budgetary institution are much higher, the form and an example of filling out are given below.

Regulatory acts clearly prescribe the form of the document, its structure, as well as how to draw up a cost estimate in such a way that it complies with current Russian legislation. The header of the document looks like this:

The calculation part of the document consists of four sections: the first three contain data on the main expenses of the organization, which are summarized in the final fourth.

In this example, there are no costs for the second and third sections, so the final one practically repeats the data of the first section in a slightly modified format. The cost estimate is signed by those who compiled it, checked it and the head of the budgetary institution.