5.1.1 External gas pipelines should be placed in relation to buildings, structures and utility networks in accordance with Appendices B and C.

Ground gas pipelines with embankments are equated to underground gas pipelines, and above-ground gas pipelines without embankment.

When laying above ground in an embankment, the material and dimensions of the embankment should be taken based on thermal engineering calculations, as well as ensuring the stability of the gas pipeline and embankment.

When laying underground gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in cramped conditions, in certain sections of the route, between buildings and under the arches of buildings, as well as gas pipelines with a pressure of over 0.6 MPa when approaching them with detached ancillary buildings (buildings without the constant presence of people) it is permitted to reduce distances by no more than 50% in cramped conditions and by no more than 25% in special natural conditions (see Appendices B and C). In this case, in areas of approach and at a distance of at least 5 m in each direction from these areas, the following should be used:

• for steel gas pipelines:
• seamless pipes;
• electric welded pipes with 100% control of factory welded joints by physical methods;
• electric welded pipes that have not passed the above control, laid in a protective case;
• for polyethylene gas pipelines:
• long pipes without connections;
• pipes of measured length, connected by butt welding with a heated tool, performed using welding equipment with a high degree of automation, or connected by parts to the ZN;
• pipes of measured length, welded using welding equipment of a medium degree of automation, laid in a case;
• pipes of measured length, welded using manually controlled welding equipment with 100% control of joints by physical methods, laid in a case.

Installation joints of steel gas pipelines must undergo 100% control by physical methods.

When laying gas pipelines in cramped conditions along railways, one should be guided by Appendix B.

When laying gas pipelines at a distance of less than 50 m from the railways of the general network and external railway access roads of enterprises in the convergence area and at a distance of 5 m in each direction, the laying depth must be at least 2.0 m. Butt welded joints must pass 100% control by physical methods.

In this case, polyethylene pipes must be made of PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 and 2.0 for gas pipelines laid in the territory of settlements and urban districts, and between settlements, respectively, and the wall thickness of steel pipes should be 2- 3 mm more than calculated. For gas pipelines with pressure up to 0.3 MPa inclusive, it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2.

It is allowed to lay gas pipelines with a pressure exceeding 0.6 MPa in the settlement at the entrance to the industrial center (industrial zone), as well as in the undeveloped part of the settlement, if this does not contradict the layout of capital construction projects provided for by the master plan of the settlement.

5.1.2 The laying of gas pipelines should be underground.

In exceptional cases, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines above ground along the walls of buildings inside residential courtyards and neighborhoods, as well as in certain sections of the route, including sections of transitions through artificial and natural barriers, when crossing utility networks. Such laying of gas pipelines may be provided for with appropriate justification and carried out in places where access of unauthorized persons to the gas pipeline is restricted.

Overland gas pipelines with embankments can be laid under special soil and hydrological conditions. The material and dimensions of the embankment should be taken based on thermal engineering calculations, as well as ensuring the stability of the gas pipeline and embankment.

The height of laying overhead gas pipelines and the depth of underground LPG gas pipelines should be taken as for gas pipelines of natural gas distribution and gas consumption networks, with the exception of specified cases.

It is allowed to lay low-pressure LPG vapor phase gas pipelines along the walls of buildings in accordance with 5.3.1 and Table 3.

The laying of gas pipelines, including LPG gas pipelines, if provided for by the functional requirements for gas pumping stations and gas pumping stations, should be provided above ground.

5.1.3 Laying gas pipelines in tunnels, collectors and canals is not permitted. An exception is the laying of steel gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330 on the territory of industrial enterprises, as well as in channels in permafrost soils under roads and railways and LPG gas pipelines under roads on the territory of gas filling stations.

5.1.4 Pipe connections should be permanent. Connections between steel pipes and polyethylene pipes can also be detachable in places where technical devices and gas-using equipment are installed. Detachable connections of polyethylene pipes with steel pipes in the ground must be provided, provided that a case with a control tube is installed.

5.1.5 Gas pipelines at the points of entry and exit from the ground, as well as gas pipeline entries into buildings must be enclosed in a case. The ends of the casing at the points of entry and exit of the gas pipeline from the ground, the gap between the gas pipeline and the casing at the gas pipeline entries into buildings should be sealed with elastic material along the entire length of the casing. The space between the wall and the case should be sealed, for example, with cement mortar, concrete, etc. over the entire thickness of the structure being crossed (if possible).

It is allowed not to install casings at the outlet and inlet of the gas pipeline from the ground, provided that it has a protective coating resistant to external influences.

5.1.6 It is necessary to provide for gas pipeline entries into buildings directly into the room in which gas-using equipment is installed, or into an adjacent room connected by an open opening.

It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines through the foundations of buildings (except in specified cases) and under foundations.

It is not allowed to enter gas pipelines into the premises of the basement and ground floors of buildings, except for the introduction of gas pipelines for natural gas and the vapor phase of low-pressure LPG into single-apartment and semi-detached houses.

In seismic areas, gas pipeline entry into a non-seismic resistant building is allowed only underground:

5.1.7 Shut-off devices on gas pipelines should be provided:

• in front of detached or blocked buildings;
• to disconnect risers of residential buildings above five floors;
• in front of outdoor gas-using equipment;
• in front of gas reduction points (GRP), with the exception of GRP of enterprises, on the gas pipeline branch to which there is a shut-off device at a distance of less than 100 m from the GRP; at the exit from the GRP, looped by gas pipelines;
• on branches from gas pipelines to settlements, individual microdistricts, blocks, groups of residential buildings (with more than 400 apartments per individual house), as well as on branches to industrial consumers and boiler houses;
• when crossing water barriers with two strings of a gas pipeline or more, as well as one string when the width of the water barrier at a low-water horizon is 75 m or more;
• at the intersection of railways of the general network and highways of categories I-II, if the shut-off device that ensures the cessation of gas supply at the crossing site is located at a distance of more than 1000 m from the roads.

At the entrance of gas pipelines to the pump-compressor and filling compartments, an electrically driven disconnecting device is provided outside the building at a distance from the building of at least 5 and no more than 30 m.

5.1.8 Shutting off devices on above-ground gas pipelines laid along the walls of buildings and on supports should be placed at a distance (within a radius) from door and opening window openings of at least m:

• for low pressure gas pipelines of category IV - 0.5;
• for medium pressure gas pipelines of category III - 1;
• for high-pressure gas pipelines of category II - 3;
• for high pressure gas pipelines of categories I - 5.

The installation sites of disconnecting devices must be protected from unauthorized access to them by unauthorized persons.

In areas of transit laying of gas pipelines along the walls of buildings, the installation of disconnecting devices is not allowed.

Installation of disconnecting devices under balconies and loggias is also not allowed.

5.1.9 In areas where gas pipelines-inlets are connected to the distribution pipeline to individual buildings for various purposes, apartment buildings, boiler houses and industrial consumers, gas flow safety valves (controllers) without a bypass hole (bypass hole for automatic pressure equalization) must be installed. Gas flow controllers are installed on a gas pipeline - inlet with a diameter of up to 160 mm inclusive, with a pressure of 0.0025 MPa at the point of its connection to the gas distribution pipeline. In other cases, the question of the need and possibility of installing a gas flow controller is decided by the design organization. It is allowed to install a gas flow controller for a single-family house by agreement with the owner.

5.2 Underground gas pipelines

5.2.1 Gas pipelines should be laid at a depth of at least 0.8 m to the top of the gas pipeline or casing. In those places where traffic and agricultural machinery are not expected, the depth of laying steel gas pipelines is allowed to be at least 0.6 m.

In landslide and erosion-prone areas, gas pipelines should be laid to a depth of at least 0.5 m below the sliding surface and below the boundary of the predicted destruction area.

5.2.2 The vertical distance (clear) between the gas pipeline (case) and underground utility networks and structures at their intersections should be taken in accordance with Appendix B.

5.2.3 At places where gas pipelines intersect with underground communication manifolds and channels for various purposes, heating mains of ductless installation, as well as at places where gas pipelines pass through the walls of gas wells, the gas pipeline should be laid in a case. When crossing with heating networks, gas pipelines should be laid in steel casings.

Covers for polyethylene gas pipelines of all pressures on the territory of settlements must additionally be installed at the intersection with underground utility networks located below the gas pipeline route.

The ends of the casing must be brought out at a distance of at least 2 m on both sides from the outer walls of the crossed structures and communications, when crossing the walls of gas wells - at a distance of at least 2 cm. The ends of the casing must be sealed with waterproofing material.

At one end of the case at the top point of the slope (with the exception of places where the walls of the wells intersect), a control tube should be provided that extends under the protective device.

In the interpipe space of the casing and the gas pipeline, it is permitted to lay an operational cable (communications, telemechanics and electrical protection) with a voltage of up to 60 V, intended for servicing gas distribution networks.

5.2.4 For the construction of gas pipelines, polyethylene pipes are used in accordance with GOST R 50838 and connecting parts in accordance with GOST R 52779 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.

The laying of polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa inclusive in the territories of settlements (rural and urban) and urban districts must be carried out using pipes and connecting parts made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6.

When laying polyethylene gas pipelines with pressures above 0.3 to 0.6 MPa, inclusive, in the territories of settlements and urban districts, pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 3.2 must be used. On the territory of rural settlements, it is allowed to lay polyethylene gas pipelines using pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 3.2 or PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 2.6 with a laying depth of at least 0.9 m to the top of the pipe.

The safety factor of polyethylene pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 polyethylene used for the construction of gas pipelines outside settlements and urban districts (inter-settlement) must be at least 2.5.

When laying inter-settlement polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa inclusive, it is allowed to use pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 and PE 100 polyethylene. Laying polyethylene gas pipelines with a working pressure of over 0.3 MPa using pipes made of PE 80 is permitted provided they are laid at a depth of not less than 0.9 m to the top of the pipe.

When laying inter-settlement polyethylene gas pipelines with pressures above 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive, pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100 polyethylene must be used. In this case, the depth of laying gas pipelines must be at least 1.0 m, and when laying gas pipelines on arable and irrigated lands The laying depth must be at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe. The laying of polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure above 0.6 MPa using pipes made of PE 80 is permitted provided that the laying depth is increased by at least 0.1 m.

For the construction of gas pipelines with pressures above 0.6 MPa, reinforced polyethylene pipes and connecting parts can be used. In this case, the laying depth must be at least 1.0 m to the top of the pipe, and when laying gas pipelines on arable and irrigated lands, the laying depth must be at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe.

It is allowed to lay polyethylene gas pipelines made of PE 100 with pressure over 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive in the settlement at the entrance to the industrial center (industrial zone), as well as in the undeveloped part of the settlement, if this does not contradict the layout of capital construction projects provided for by the master plan of the settlement.

For the construction of polyethylene gas pipelines, the use of connecting parts - permanent connections (polyethylene - steel) is allowed, subject to confirmation of their suitability for use in construction in the prescribed manner.

It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes for transporting gases containing aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as the vapor phase of medium and high pressure LPG and at a gas pipeline wall temperature under operating conditions below minus 20 °C.

The use of copper and reinforced polyethylene pipes for transporting the liquid phase of LPG is not allowed.

5.3 Overhead gas pipelines

5.3.1 Depending on the pressure, overhead gas pipelines should be placed on supports made of non-combustible materials or along the building structures of buildings and structures in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3

Placement of above-ground gas pipelines	Gas pressure in the gas pipeline, MPa, no more
1 On free-standing supports, columns, overpasses, shelves, fences, etc., as well as on the walls of industrial buildings, including GNS and GNP	1.2 (for natural gas); 1.6 (for LPG)
2 Boiler houses, industrial buildings with premises of categories B, D and D, public and domestic buildings for industrial purposes, as well as built-in, attached and roof boiler houses to them:
a) on the walls and roofs of buildings:
fire resistance levels I and II, structural fire hazard class C0	1,2*
fire resistance degree II, structural fire hazard class C1 and fire resistance degree III, structural fire hazard class C0	0,6*
b) along the walls of buildings:
fire resistance degree III, structural fire hazard class C1, fire resistance degree IV, structural fire hazard class C0	0,3*
fire resistance degree IV, structural fire hazard classes C1 and C2	0,1
3 Residential, administrative and domestic buildings for non-industrial purposes, public, including administrative ones, as well as built-in, attached and roof boiler houses to them, warehouse buildings of categories B4 - D:
on the walls of buildings of all degrees of fire resistance	0,1**
in cases of placing GRPS on the external walls of buildings (only up to GRPS)	0,3
* The gas pressure in the gas pipeline laid along building structures must not exceed the values ​​​​specified in Table 2 for the corresponding consumers. ** It is allowed to lay gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa inclusive along the walls and roofs of gasified residential, administrative and household buildings for non-industrial purposes, public buildings, including administrative buildings, to supply gas to roof-top boiler houses. Notes 1 The height of the gas pipeline above the roof of the building must be at least 0.5 m. 2 Laying of LPG gas pipelines (medium and high pressure) is allowed along the walls of industrial buildings of the GNS and GNP.

5.3.2 Transit laying of gas pipelines of all pressures along the walls and above the roofs of public buildings, including administrative buildings, administrative and domestic ones is not allowed.

It is prohibited to lay gas pipelines of all pressures along the walls, above and below rooms of categories A and B, except for the buildings of the State Tax Service and State Oil and Gas Station, determined by fire safety standards.

In justified cases, transit laying of gas pipelines not exceeding average pressure with a nominal diameter of up to 100 is permitted along the walls of one residential building not lower than fire resistance degree III, structural fire hazard C0 and at a distance below the roof of at least 0.2 m.

In justified cases, the transit laying of gas pipelines through the territories of objects not supplied with gas from a given gas pipeline must be agreed upon with the owner (copyright holder) of this object and the operating organization.

5.3.3 High-pressure natural gas pipelines should be laid along blank walls and sections of walls or at a height of at least 0.5 m above windows and doors, as well as other open openings of the upper floors of industrial buildings and adjacent administrative and domestic buildings. The gas pipeline must be laid below the roof of the building at a distance of at least 0.2 m.

Natural gas pipelines of low and medium pressure can also be laid along the frames or mullions of non-opening windows and cross window openings of industrial buildings and boiler houses filled with glass blocks.

5.3.4 The height of laying overhead gas pipelines should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330.

5.3.5 On pedestrian and automobile bridges built from non-combustible materials, it is permitted to lay gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa from seamless or electric-welded pipes that have undergone 100% control of factory welded joints by physical methods. Laying gas pipelines over pedestrian and automobile bridges built from flammable materials is not permitted. The laying of gas pipelines across bridges must prevent gas from entering the confined spaces of bridges.

5.4 Crossing of water barriers and ravines by gas pipelines

5.4.1 Underwater and overwater gas pipelines where they cross water barriers (rivers, streams, reservoirs, canals, etc.) should be placed at a horizontal distance from bridges in accordance with Table 4.

Table 4

Water obstacles	Bridge type	Horizontal distance between the gas pipeline and the bridge, not less than, m, when laying the gas pipeline (downstream)
		above the bridge				below the bridge
		from an overwater gas pipeline with a diameter, mm		from an underwater gas pipeline with a diameter, mm		from the overwater gas pipeline	from an underwater gas pipeline
		300 or less	over 300	300 or less	over 300	all diameters
Shipping freezing	All types	75	125	75	125	50	50
Shipping anti-freeze	Same	50	50	50	50	50	50
Non-navigable freezing	Multi-span	75	125	75	125	50	50
Non-navigable anti-freeze	Same	20	20	20	20	20	20
Non-navigable for gas pipelines:	Single and double span
low pressure		2	2	20	20	2	10
medium and high pressure		5	5	20	20	5	20
Note - Distances are from overhanging bridge structures.

5.4.2 Gas pipelines at underwater crossings should be laid deep into the bottom of the water barriers being crossed. If necessary, based on the results of floating calculations, the pipeline is ballasted. The elevation of the top of the gas pipeline (ballast, lining) must be at least 0.5 m, and at crossings through navigable and raftable water barriers - 1.0 m below the bottom profile predicted for a period of 25 years. When laying a gas pipeline using directional drilling, the mark must be at least 2.0 m below the predicted bottom profile.

When crossing non-navigable water barriers, it is allowed to lay underwater gas pipelines made of ballast-coated pipes in a factory-made protective shell, without being buried in the bottom, provided that their suitability for the specified purposes is confirmed in the prescribed manner.

5.4.3 At underwater crossings the following should be used:

• steel pipes with a wall thickness 2 mm larger than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm; polyethylene pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100, having a standard dimensional ratio of no more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.

When laying a gas pipeline with a pressure of up to 1.2 MPa using directional drilling, in all cases it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.

At underwater crossings up to 25 m wide, located outside settlements, the use of polyethylene pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 with an SDR of no more than SDR 11 is allowed in gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa.

When laying a gas pipeline with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa using directional drilling, in all cases it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 80 with an SDR of no more than SDR 11.

5.4.4 The height of the above-water passage of the gas pipeline from the calculated level of water rise or ice drift [high water horizon (HWH) or ice drift (GVL)] to the bottom of the pipe or span should be taken:

• at the intersection of ravines and gullies - not lower than 0.5 m above the GVV of 5% security;
• when crossing non-navigable and non-raftable rivers - at least 0.2 m above the water supply and water supply lines of 2% probability, and if there is a grub boat on the rivers - taking it into account, but not less than 1 m above the water supply line of 1% probability (taking into account the surge waves);
• when crossing navigable and raftable rivers - no less than the values ​​​​established by design standards for bridge crossings on navigable rivers.

Shut-off valves should be placed at least 10 m from the boundaries of the transition or areas susceptible to erosion or landslides. The transition boundary is considered to be the place where the gas pipeline crosses the high water horizon with a 10% probability.

5.5 Crossing of gas pipelines with railways, trams and roads

5.5.1 The horizontal distances from the places where underground gas pipelines intersect tram and railway tracks, highways, main streets and roads must be at least m:

• to bridges and tunnels on railways of general networks and external railway access roads of enterprises, tram tracks, roads of categories I-III, main streets and roads, as well as to pedestrian bridges, tunnels through them - 30, and for internal access railway tracks of enterprises , roads of categories IV-V and pipes - 15;
• to the turnout zone (the beginning of the points, the tail of the crosses, the points where suction cables are connected to the rails and other track intersections) - 4 for tram tracks and 20 for railways;
• to the contact network supports - 3.

It is allowed to reduce the above distances in agreement with the organizations in charge of the crossed structures.

5.5.2 Underground gas pipelines of all pressures at intersections with railway and tram tracks, highways of categories I-IV, as well as with main streets and roads should be laid in cases. In other cases, the issue of the need to install cases is decided by the design organization.

Cases must meet the requirements for strength and durability. At one end of the case there should be a control tube extending under the protective device.

5.5.3 The ends of the casings when gas pipelines cross railways of the general network and external access railway tracks of enterprises should be placed at a distance from them not less than those established by SNiP 32-01. When laying inter-settlement gas pipelines in cramped conditions and gas pipelines on the territory of settlements, it is allowed to reduce this distance to 10 m, provided that an exhaust candle with a sampling device is installed at one end of the case, placed at a distance of at least 50 m from the base of the embankment, excavation of the roadbed (axis end rail at zero marks).

When crossing underground gas pipelines, the ends of the cases should be located at a distance:

• at least 2 m from the base of the subgrade (the axis of the outer rail at zero marks) of the tram track, internal access railway tracks of enterprises;
• at least 2 m from the curb, shoulder, bottom of the embankment slope of highways, main streets and roads;
• at least 3 m from the edge of drainage structures (ditch, ditches, reserve).

In other cases, the ends of the cases should be located at a distance:

• at least 2 m from the outermost rail of the tram track and internal access railway tracks of enterprises, as well as from the edge of the roadway of streets;
• not less than 3 m from the edge of the road drainage structure (ditch, ditch, reserve), but not less than 2 m from the base of the embankments. 5.5.4

When gas pipelines cross railways of the general network and external access railway tracks of enterprises, the depth of laying the gas pipeline must comply with the requirements of SNiP 32-01.

In other cases, the depth of laying the gas pipeline from the base of the rail or the top of the road and main streets and roads from the base of the embankment to the top of the casing must comply with safety requirements, but be not less than, m:

• 1.0 - when designing an open gasket;
• 1.5 - when designing a laying using the method of punching or directional drilling and shield penetration;
• 2.5 - when designing a gasket using the puncture method.

When designing the laying of a gas pipeline using other methods, the depth of the gas pipeline is taken taking into account the requirements of technical and operational documentation and safety.

The laying of gas pipelines in the body of embankments of roads and main streets is not permitted, except in specified cases.

5.5.5 The thickness of the walls of steel gas pipeline pipes when crossing public railway tracks should be 2-3 mm higher than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm at distances of 50 m in each direction from the base of the embankment slope (the axis of the outer rail at zero marks).

For polyethylene gas pipelines in these sections and intersections of highways of categories I-III, main streets and roads, pipes and connecting parts with an SDR of no more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 must be used for gas pipelines laid in the territories of settlements and urban districts , and not less than 2.5 and 2.0 - for inter-settlement gas pipelines made of PE 80 and PE 100, respectively.

In this case, gas pipelines must use cases made of non-metallic and steel pipes.

5.6 Additional requirements for gas pipelines in special conditions

5.6.1 Special conditions include heaving (except for weakly heaving), subsidence (except for type I subsidence), swelling (except for weakly swelling), permafrost, rocky, eluvial soils, areas with seismicity over 6 and 7 points, undermined (except for group IV) and karst territories (except for territories in which, according to the conclusion of the karst assessment, anti-karst measures are not required), as well as other soil and man-made conditions under which negative impacts on the gas pipeline are possible.

For cities with a population of more than 1 million people with a seismicity level of more than 6 points, as well as cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people with a seismicity level of more than 7 points, gas supply should be provided from two sources - main gas distribution stations or more, with their placement in opposite sides of the city . In this case, high and medium pressure gas pipelines should be designed in a loop with their division into sections by shut-off devices.

5.6.2 Crossings of gas pipelines through rivers up to 80 m wide, ravines and railway tracks in excavations, laid in areas with seismicity of more than 7 points, must be provided above ground. Limiters for the movement of gas pipeline supports must ensure its free movement and exclude the possibility of being thrown off the supports. In justified cases, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes with a protective sheath.

5.6.3 When designing underground gas pipelines in seismic areas, in mined and karst areas, at intersections with other underground utilities, at the corners of turns of gas pipelines with a bending radius of less than five diameters in places where the network branches, the transition of underground to above-ground, and the location of permanent connections ( polyethylene - steel), as well as within settlements on linear sections of steel gas pipelines, control tubes must be provided every 50 m.

5.6.4 In soils of varying degrees of heaving, as well as in bulk soils with heaving properties, the depth of gas pipelines to the top of the pipe must be at least 0.9 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 1.0 m. This requirement applies to areas with unequal degree of heaving and at distances equal to 50 nominal diameters of gas pipelines on both sides of their border.

If the soil is uniformly heaving, the depth of laying the gas pipeline to the top of the pipe should be, m:

• not less than 0.7 standard freezing depth, but not less than 0.9 for medium heaving soils;
• not less than 0.8 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 1.0 for highly and excessively heaving soils.

5.6.5 For LPG tank installations with underground tanks designed in special conditions, provision must be made for above-ground laying of liquid and vapor phase gas pipelines connecting the tanks.

5.6.6 When seismicity is more than 7 points, in mined and karst areas, in areas of permafrost soils for polyethylene gas pipelines, the following should be used: pipes and connecting parts made of PE 100 with an SDR of no more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 for gas pipelines, laid in the territories of settlements and urban districts, and at least 2.0 for inter-settlement gas pipelines. Under the specified special conditions, it is allowed to use pipes and connecting parts made of PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 in polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa. When laying gas pipelines in rocky soils, polyethylene pipes with a protective sheath should be used in accordance with GOST R 50838. Welded butt joints must undergo 100% control by physical methods.

5.6.7 When designing gas pipeline entries into buildings, compensation for the gas pipeline should be provided, taking into account possible movements (settlements, buckling) of the buildings and the gas pipeline itself.

5.7 Rehabilitation of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines

5.7.1 For restoration (reconstruction) and overhaul of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines, the following is used:

• on the territory of settlements and urban districts:
• at pressures up to 0.3 MPa inclusive - drawing in a gas pipeline pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6 without welded joints or connected using parts with a seal, or connected by butt welding using high-grade welding equipment automation;
• at pressures above 0.3 to 0.6 MPa inclusive - drawing in the gas pipeline pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 without welded joints or connected using parts with seals or butt welding using welding equipment high degree of automation;
• at pressures up to 1.2 MPa inclusive - lining the cleaned inner surface of gas pipelines with a synthetic fabric hose using a special two-component glue, subject to confirmation in the established manner of their suitability for these purposes at the specified pressure or in accordance with the standards (technical conditions), the scope of which extends to given pressure;
• outside settlements and urban districts:
• at pressures up to 0.6 MPa inclusive - drawing in the gas pipeline pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6 without welded joints or connected using parts with seals or butt welding using welding equipment of a high degree of automation;
• at pressures above 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive - drawing in the gas pipeline pipes made of PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 2.0 without welded joints or connected using parts with seals or butt welding using welding equipment of a high degree of automation . The space between the polyethylene pipe and the worn-out steel gas pipeline (frame) with pressure over 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive must be filled (if possible) along the entire length with a sealing (sealing) material, for example, foam material;
• at pressures up to 1.2 MPa inclusive - lining the cleaned inner surface of gas pipelines with a synthetic fabric hose using a special two-component glue, subject to confirmation in the established manner of their suitability for these purposes at the specified pressure or in accordance with the standards (technical conditions), the scope of which extends to given pressure.

When drawing, polyethylene pipes are used without a protective shell, with a protective shell, or with co-extrusion layers.

For restoration (reconstruction) and overhaul of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines outside and on the territory of settlements and urban districts, other reconstruction technologies are allowed: pulling polyethylene pipes with short pipes connected to each other into a long pipe reduced in diameter, pulling thin-walled profiled pipes SDR 21 and SDR 26, laying polyethylene pipes instead of worn steel ones by destroying them or other technologies, subject to confirmation in the prescribed manner of their suitability for these purposes at the specified pressure.

5.7.2 Restoration and overhaul of worn-out steel gas pipelines may be carried out without changing the pressure, with an increase or decrease in pressure compared to the pressure in the existing gas pipeline.

In this case, it is allowed to save:

• intersections of restored areas with underground utilities without installing additional casings;
• depth of installation of restored gas pipelines;
• distances from the restored gas pipeline to buildings, structures and engineering support networks according to its actual location, if the pressure in the restored gas pipeline does not change or when the pressure in the restored gas pipeline increases to 0.3 MPa.

Restoring worn-out steel gas pipelines with the possibility of increasing pressure to high is permitted if the distances to buildings, structures and utility networks meet the requirements for a high-pressure gas pipeline.

Appendix B (for reference). Minimum distances from above-ground (ground without embankment) gas pipelines to buildings and structures Appendix B (for reference). Minimum distances from underground (ground with embankment) gas pipelines to buildings and structuresAppendix D (for reference). Typical solutions for restricting access to internal gas pipelines Appendix D (for reference). Basic active measures for safe gasification of buildingsAppendix E (informative). The procedure for registration and approval of control samples of the appearance of welded joints Appendix G (for reference). Acceptance certificate for a gas distribution system facility completed by constructionBibliography

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Gas structure device

In order to lay a gas pipeline underground, it is necessary to consider that the passage on the road section is blocked, and the organization performing the installation of this structure, using road designs, draws up site plans for placing equipment and reflects the geometric data adjacent to the road in the plan. at home. This will make it possible to correctly place road signs to limit traffic in areas where the gas pipe will be laid underground.

The scheme for organizing traffic and fencing work sites for laying an underground gas pipeline is agreed upon with the traffic police department, which issues a warrant to perform this type of work.

This traffic ban scheme must be agreed upon with the local traffic police, as a result of which a warrant will be issued to allow the installation of an underground highway.

• Gas pipelines must be laid at a depth of at least 0.8 m to the top of the system (case). In places that do not involve the movement of agricultural machinery or vehicles, the permitted depth of the systems being installed is not less than 0.6 m;
• For areas prone to erosion and landslide areas, the depth where the structure is laid must be below the boundary of the area where destruction is predicted, and not less than 0.5 m below the level of the sliding surface;
• At the intersection of the highway and underground communication collectors and channels for various purposes, heating mains of a ductless system, as well as in places where the system passes through the walls of the well, the product should be laid in a case. If there is an intersection with heating networks, installation in steel cases is required.

For structures of different pressures in settlement areas, the cases must additionally be installed at the level of the intersection of utility networks laid underground, which are located below the level of the gas main route. The ends of the case must be brought out at a distance of at least two meters on both sides in the direction from the external walls of the intersecting communications and structures; when crossing the wall of the well, the distance must be at least 2 cm. The ends of the case must be sealed using waterproofing material.

The diameter of the case is selected based on the conditions of construction and installation work, as well as possible movements under load.

• At the level of the top point of the slope (excluding places where the walls of the well intersect), on one side of the case it is necessary to make a control tube that will go under the protective device;
• It is allowed to lay an operational cable (communications, telemechanics, electrical protection) in the space between the system products and the case, which is intended to serve distribution networks.

Design Features

During the construction process, connecting parts and polyethylene pipes are used that have a coefficient indicating a safety factor of at least 2.0. Such products, the pressure of which is up to 0.3 MPa, are installed in the area of ​​settlements (urban and rural) and urban districts. The laying of parts must be carried out using connecting elements made of polyethylene and gas with a safety factor of at least 2.6. When laying systems whose pressure varies between 0.3-0.6 MPa in areas of urban districts and settlements, it is necessary to use connecting elements and pipes that have a factor indicating a safety factor of at least 3.2.

Laying in rural areas

A gas pipeline made of polyethylene pipes does not require anti-corrosion protection; it is checked for leaks within 24 hours.

In the territories of rural settlements, it is allowed to lay a polyethylene gas pipeline with pipes and polyethylene (PE-80) connecting parts, the safety factor of which is not less than 3.2, or from PE-100, which has a safety factor of at least 2.6, and the laying depth is at least 0.9 m to the level of the top of the pipe.

• When installing such inter-settlement systems, the pressure of which is up to 0.6 MPa, it is allowed to use products and connecting elements of PE-100 and PE-80. The use of structures with a working pressure of more than 0.3 MPa when using PE-80 material is permitted if the depth of the installed device is not less than 0.9 m to the top of the structure;
• If inter-village mains with a pressure greater than 0.6-1.2 MPa are used, it is recommended to use PE-100 connecting elements. In this case, the depth of the device used must be at least 1.0 m, and in the case of installing a gas system on irrigated and arable land, the depth must be at least 1.2 m to its upper part;
• When constructing gas pipelines whose pressure is greater than 0.6 MPa, reinforced polyethylene connecting elements and pipes can be used. In this case, the depth must be at least 1.0 m to the top of the structure, and when used on irrigated and arable land, the depth to the top of the system must be at least 1.2 m;
• Lay a line made of PE-100, the pressure of which is greater than 0.6-1.2 MPa, in settlements at the entrance to the industrial zone (industrial center), as well as in an undeveloped area of ​​the settlement, but if this does not contradict the layout of the capital construction project, which provided for by the master plan of the settlement.

It is allowed to build a polyethylene system using connecting elements - permanent connections, if their suitability for use in the prescribed manner in construction is confirmed. It is not permitted to install a structure made of polyethylene elements to transport gases containing chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The use of reinforced and copper pipes for transporting the liquid phase of LPG is not permitted.

Knowing the necessary requirements and features of such structures, even if you do not carry out such work yourself, you will still be able to control the construction process carried out by hired workers or the relevant organization. Knowledge in any field, even minimal, has always brought sufficient benefits to society.

The company EKFOSTROY LLC offers its services for laying gas pipelines. Our company carries out both underground laying of a gas pipeline in a trench or using the HDD method, and above-ground laying of a gas pipeline on supports or along the walls of buildings and structures.
Laying a gas pipeline is a complex and labor-intensive process. The gas pipeline is being installed in several stages.

Design of the future gas pipeline. When designing, the characteristics of the site where the gas pipeline will pass are taken into account: landscape, soil and climatic features, architectural conditions, prospects for the development of the area. Selecting the type of gas pipeline - aboveground or underground.
Equipment selection. The equipment is selected in accordance with the gas pipeline design and taking into account the characteristics of the terrain.

Gas pipeline laying. The longest and most difficult process. During the installation of the gas pipeline, the soil is prepared, and when laying the route underground, a trench is dug. If necessary, drainage is arranged. After cleaning the trench, pits are dug in places where pipes are welded and joints are insulated. Next, a natural or artificial foundation is installed for the gas pipeline. The pipes are lowered into the trench onto the base; weld pipes, install fittings and install fittings. Then the gas pipeline is tamped down and covered with soil (except for the joints). After all this work, the walls and ceilings of the wells and chambers are erected.
Commissioning The gas pipeline is purged with air and preliminarily tested for strength, the quality of welds and flange connections is checked. Then the joints are isolated and the pipeline is backfilled.

Gas pipeline testing. The final testing of the gas pipeline is carried out after completion of construction and installation work.
Maintenance. Technical support of technical means.

The gas pipeline can be laid underground or above ground. Aboveground technology is the most cost-effective. The underground installation method is more expensive, but at the same time safer.
If possible, gas pipelines are usually laid underground in populated areas; it is recommended to choose PE (polyethylene) as the pipe material. Some sections of the network in large populated areas can be laid above ground, but they are almost never too long. Aboveground gas pipeline installation is often provided for on the territory of industrial enterprises.

Laying an underground gas pipeline
On-site gas pipeline assembly is carried out in compliance with the following standards: the distance between the gas pipeline and other underground communications should not be less than 0.2 m; at the intersections with communication manifolds, the pipes are pulled in a case; gas pipelines are laid higher than other engineering systems; cases beyond the intersection are placed at a distance of at least 2 m; the ends of the cases are sealed with waterproofing materials.
According to the standards, the depth of laying the gas pipeline must be at least 0.8 m. But as a rule, trenches for such systems are dug one or more meters deep. In any case, the laying depth should be such that the temperature of the pipe wall does not fall below 15 degrees.

Laying an underground gas pipeline
Technology for laying underground gas pipelines

The underground gas pipeline is laid in the following sequence:

• marking of the construction strip and geodetic breakdown of horizontal and vertical angles of turns are carried out;
• Excavation work is carried out using a single-bucket excavator with a backhoe;
• manual modification of the trench is performed;
• the bottom of the trench is leveled;
• pipes are delivered to the site immediately before installation;
• pipes are inspected to detect defects;
• the lashes are laid in the trench;
• welding and connecting work is carried out;
• gas pipeline tests are carried out;
• work is being done to fill the trench.

Laying an overhead gas pipeline

The requirements for laying gas pipelines of this type are as follows:

above the ground, the gas pipeline should be located at least 2.2 m in places where people pass, 5 m - above roads, 7.1 m - above tram tracks, 7.3 m - in places where trolleybuses travel;
the distance between the fixed supports of the main gas pipeline should be equal to a maximum of 100 m with a pipe diameter of up to 300 mm; with increasing diameter of the gas pipeline, the distance between the supports increases and is determined by calculation formulas;
Steel gas pipes intended for laying above ground must have a wall thickness of at least 2 mm.
gas distribution pipelines in populated areas can also be laid on supports.
the distance between the supports directly depends on the diameter of the pipes. The distance between the supports of the Du-50 gas distribution pipeline should be no more than 3.5 m, and in any case is determined by calculation formulas.

Aboveground installation of a gas pipeline made of polyethylene pipes is not permitted.

The laying of gas pipelines in populated areas is carried out mainly underground. In this case, two main methods can be used: open and closed. In the first case, gas pipes are laid in trenches dug in the ground using excavators. This method is characterized by low cost of construction work and provides the opportunity to reduce the cost of connecting consumers.

In the second case, pipes are laid underground without digging trenches using horizontal directional drilling. This technology is very popular as it provides the opportunity to maintain the integrity of asphalt concrete road surfaces and underground utilities. Another advantage of the closed method is to minimize the cost of restoring landscaping and landscaping at the gas pipeline site.

It is possible to lay a gas pipeline above and on the ground inside residential areas and on some sections of the route. As for the territory of production facilities, external gas pipelines are usually laid along the walls of buildings or fixed on non-combustible supports.

The gas pipeline route is selected taking into account the following factors:

— economic efficiency;

— building density;

— the presence of stray currents;

— soil corrosion activity.

Designers set the minimum distances between gas pipelines and buildings in accordance with the standards specified in current documents. In cramped circumstances, these distances can be reduced provided that additional measures are taken to ensure the required quality of welded joints, pipes used, etc. Gas pipelines are laid at a depth of at least 0.8 meters to the top of the gas pipeline or casing. In areas where there is no vehicle traffic, it is permissible to reduce the depth to 0.6 meters.

At laying gas pipelines underground in seismically active areas and in areas with subsidence and heaving soils, the use of pipes made of boiling steel is unacceptable. In such circumstances, the shut-off valves must be made of steel. For gas pipelines with a diameter of up to eighty millimeters, shut-off valves made of ductile cast iron can be used.

For pipes with a diameter of up to eighty millimeters, the wall thickness should be at least three millimeters, for pipes with a diameter of over eighty millimeters - two to three millimeters more than the calculated thickness.

See the executive composition in the section:

Polyethylene pipes are used not only for installing water supply systems, but also for laying gas pipelines. The laying of gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes is carried out only strictly according to established rules. Gas pipelines made of polyethylene pipes are not at all prone to corrosion. Installation of the gas pipeline must be carried out by professionals.

Where gas pipelines cannot be laid

1. Gas pipelines made from polyethylene pipes are prohibited from being laid in areas where soils of type II subsidence are observed, as well as highly heaving soils and rocky soils.

2. Also prohibited places for laying gas pipelines include areas where there is seismicity above six points.

3. If the area has a slope of more than 500%, then laying a gas pipeline in this area is prohibited.

4. Gas pipelines cannot be laid above the surface of the earth, or along the ground. In addition, the installation of polyethylene gas pipelines inside buildings, in collectors, and in channels is prohibited.

Conditions for laying gas pipelines

The laying of a gas pipeline from polyethylene pipes is carried out according to the following conditions:

1. If the terrain has a slope of more than 200%, then when laying a gas pipeline it is necessary to take a number of measures to prevent possible erosion of the trenches.

2. The polyethylene gas pipeline must have a laying depth of more than one place to the top of the pipe.

3. A gas pipeline made of polyethylene pipes must be enclosed in a metal case when passing through the following sections: highway intersections, underground sewers, underground channels, telephone cables, drains, power cables, water supply, heating networks, sewers, well walls. The outer diameter of polyethylene gas pipes must be at least 10 centimeters smaller than the inner diameter of the metal case.

4. Two gas pipelines made of polyethylene pipes can be laid in one trench at once. Also, one polyethylene gas pipeline can be replaced with a steel one. The distance between them should be such that it is possible to carry out repair work on each of the gas pipelines without any difficulties.

5. In areas where the air temperature is below -40 degrees Celsius, the depth of the polyethylene gas pipeline must be at least 1.4 meters.

Polyethylene gas pipeline connection

When laying a gas pipeline, either butt welding or electrofusion welding is used to connect polyethylene pipes. You can also use other methods of connecting pipes, permitted by departmental regulations.

1. To connect a polyethylene gas pipeline to sections made of steel, both detachable and permanent connections are used. Detachable connections are made in wells. Permanent connections can be placed both in the ground and also in wells.

2. Permanent connections of the usual type can only be used on polyethylene gas pipelines having a pressure of no more than 0.3 MPa.

3. Any branches can be connected to such a gas pipeline only using steel inserts or connecting parts made of polyethylene.